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The Throwing Athlete The Throwing Athlete Prevention & Care of Prevention & Care of Athletic Injuries Athletic Injuries KNR 199 KNR 199

Throwing Athlete

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Throwing mechanics and associated upper extremity pathologies

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Page 1: Throwing Athlete

The Throwing AthleteThe Throwing Athlete

Prevention & Care of Prevention & Care of Athletic InjuriesAthletic Injuries

KNR 199KNR 199

Page 2: Throwing Athlete

Throwing MotionThrowing Motion

Includes:Includes:– Wind-upWind-up– Early cockingEarly cocking– Late cockingLate cocking– AccelerationAcceleration– Deceleration & follow throughDeceleration & follow through

Page 3: Throwing Athlete

Wind-UpWind-Up

Establishes rhythmEstablishes rhythm

Positions segments Positions segments of body to contribute of body to contribute to forward to forward propulsion of ballpropulsion of ball

Page 4: Throwing Athlete

Early CockingEarly Cocking

ShoulderShoulder– 90º abduction 90º abduction

(ABD)(ABD)– 30º horizontal ABD30º horizontal ABD– 90-120º ER90-120º ER

Elbow 90º flexionElbow 90º flexion

Wrist neutralWrist neutral

Page 5: Throwing Athlete

Late CockingLate Cocking

Trunk rotates forwardTrunk rotates forwardScapula retractsScapula retractsShoulderShoulder– 90º ABD90º ABD– Neutral horizontal ABDNeutral horizontal ABD– 160º ER160º ERElbow 90º flexionElbow 90º flexionWrist slightly extendedWrist slightly extendedLead leg rotated toward Lead leg rotated toward targettarget

Page 6: Throwing Athlete

AccelerationAcceleration

Scapula protractsScapula protracts

ShoulderShoulder– Internally rotatesInternally rotates– Horizontally Horizontally

adductsadducts

Elbow extendsElbow extends

Forearm pronatesForearm pronates

Wrist flexesWrist flexes

Page 7: Throwing Athlete

AccelerationAcceleration

Occurs in 0.05 secondsOccurs in 0.05 seconds

Peak angular velocityPeak angular velocity– Shoulder: 6000º/secShoulder: 6000º/sec– Elbow: 2300-4500º/secElbow: 2300-4500º/sec

Page 8: Throwing Athlete

Deceleration & Follow Deceleration & Follow ThroughThrough

Shoulder continues to IR & horiz Shoulder continues to IR & horiz ADDADD

Elbow flexesElbow flexes

Body moves forwardBody moves forward

Page 9: Throwing Athlete

Warning Signs: Upper Warning Signs: Upper ExtremityExtremity

Contralateral Contralateral elbow is used elbow is used as “sight”as “sight”

Throwing arm Throwing arm trails trails

Werner et al, 2001Werner et al, 2001

Page 10: Throwing Athlete

Warning Signs: Lower Warning Signs: Lower ExtremityExtremity

Decreased torso & hip Decreased torso & hip rotation ROMrotation ROM

Decreased trunk & hip Decreased trunk & hip rotation strengthrotation strength

Page 11: Throwing Athlete

Throwing Athletes ROMThrowing Athletes ROM

Page 12: Throwing Athlete

Total Arc of MotionTotal Arc of Motion

Healthy throwers have Healthy throwers have 180°180° 180º

ER IR

Page 13: Throwing Athlete

Glenohumeral Internal Rotation Glenohumeral Internal Rotation Deficit (GIRD)Deficit (GIRD)

Difference in internal rotation of Difference in internal rotation of dominant arm compared to non-dominant arm compared to non-dominant armdominant arm

Page 14: Throwing Athlete

Humeral RetroversionHumeral Retroversion

Adaptive change of bony architectureAdaptive change of bony architecture

– Acute angle in medial & posterior Acute angle in medial & posterior direction between axis of elbow joint & direction between axis of elbow joint & axis through center of humeral headaxis through center of humeral head

Pieper, 1998

Page 15: Throwing Athlete

Doyle & Burks, 1998

Page 16: Throwing Athlete

Soft-Tissue AdaptationsSoft-Tissue Adaptations

Tight posterior IGHLTight posterior IGHL– Shift in GH contact point Shift in GH contact point

Page 17: Throwing Athlete

Additional ResourcesAdditional Resources

http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oegAQ9__a2gv=oegAQ9__a2g

http://video.google.com/videoplay?http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=2324033820881485235&q=pitdocid=2324033820881485235&q=pitching+mechanicsching+mechanics

http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XjVbEPfQKagv=XjVbEPfQKag