The 2014 Gender-GEDI Results

R. Aidis Gender-GEDI 2014 - USAID

Outline

• Background• Gender-GEDI structure• 2014 Gender-GEDI results• Conclusion and further steps

• Entrepreneurial performance is driven by a complex dynamic between Attitudes, Aspirations and Activities

• System components co-produce system performance• System performance may be held back by ’bottleneck’ factors• Activity is embedded in a country’s institutional context, which regulates

individual-level actions and outcomesSource: Acs, Autio & Szerb (2013)

Attitudes

Aspirations Activities

ProductiveResource Allocation

through Entrepreneurship

National Systems of Entrepreneurship


The Global Entrepreneurship and Development Index (GEDI)

Individuals + Institutions


5

Gender-GEDI 2014 structure3 sub-indices/ 15 pillars/ 30 variables

P15: External Financing• 1st tier financing• 3rd tier financing

P14: Internationalization• Exporting Focus• Globalization

P13: High Growth• Business Gazelles• Leadership

P12: Process Innovation• New Technology• R&D Expenditure

Pillar 11: Product Innovation• New Product• Technology Transfer

Sub-index 2:Entrepreneurial Eco-system

Sub-index 1:Entrepreneurial Environment

Sub-index 3:Entrepreneurial Aspirations

Pillar 1: Opportunity Perception• Opportunity Perception• Equal Rights & Market size

P2: Start up Skills• Perception of Skills• Secondary Education

P9: Competition• Innovativeness• Market Monopolization

P7: Technology Sector• Technology Sector Business• Tech Absorption

Pillar 6: Opportunity Start up• Opportunity Business• Bus Freedom & Movement

P5: Cultural Support• Executive Status• Access to Childcare

P4: Networking• Know an Entrepreneur• Access to Internet & Networks

P3: Willingness and Risk• Willingness to start • Business Risk

P10: Gender Gaps• Entrepreneurship Ratio• Labor Force Parity

P8: Quality of Human Resources• Highly Educated Owners• SME Support and Training

)R. Aidis Gender-GEDI 2014 - USAID


Gender-GEDI 2014 coverage

Total female population covered 2.3 billion women 66%

Total GDP covered $53 trillion 75%

High potential female entrepreneurs are…

• Education

• Legal rights

• Finance

• Networks

• Attitudes

• Business-friendly environment

1. Innovative

2. Export oriented

3. Market expanding

And benefit from…


New research perspective: Female entrepreneurship occurs on a continuum

Gender-GEDI focus

Reluctant entrepreneurs & Resistant non-

entrepreneurs

Potential & Promisingentrepreneurs

Die-hard & Privilegedentrepreneurs


Source: R. Aidis (2014)

2014 Gender-GEDI

73% of countriesscore less than 50 out of 100

The fundamental conditions for high potential female entrepreneurship development are generally lacking in

the majority of countries.



Higher per capita GDP does not equate higher Gender-GEDI 2014 scores

0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 600000.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0

90.0

Chile #6

Turkey #18 - 19Nigeria #23

Pakistan #30

UK #7

USA # 1

R² = 0.683050761146873

GDP per capita (2005 constant international $)

Gen

der-

GED

I sco

res


12

The overall Gender-GEDI 2014 rankings

Rank Country Score Rank CountryScor

e Rank CountryScor

e

1 USA 83 11-13S. Africa

42 21 Malaysia 32

2Australia

80 11-13 Korea 42 22 Jamaica 30

3 Sweden 73 11-13 China 42 23 Nigeria 29

4-5 France 67 14-15 Peru 40 24-25 Morocco 27

4-5 Germany 67 14-15 Japan 40 24-25 Ghana 27

6 Chile 55 16Panama

39 26 India 26

7 UK 54 17Thailand

38 27-28 Uganda 19

8 Poland 51 18-19 Turkey 36 27 -28 Egypt 19

9 Spain 49 18-19 Russia 36 29Bangladesh

17

10 Mexico 43 20 Brazil 35 30 Pakistan 11

R. Aidis Gender-GEDI 2014


Top ranking countries

Good overall business environments

Priority:• Activate and accelerate the

growth of high-potential women entrepreneurs through targeted programs

1 The United States 83

2 Australia 80

3 Sweden 73

4-5 France 67

4-5 Germany 67

6 Chile 55

7 United Kingdom 54

8 Poland 51

Moderate ranking 9–22

Priority:• Strengthen current women’s

enterprise development interventions

• Improve the business-enabling environment

9 Spain 49

10 Mexico 43

11-13 South Africa 42

11-13 South Korea 42

11-13 China 42

14-15 Peru 40

14-15 Japan 40

16 Panama 39

17 Thailand 38

18-19 Turkey 36

18-19 Russia 36

20 Brazil 35

21 Malaysia 32

22 Jamaica 30



Lowest ranking 23–30

Priority:• Ensure basic legal rights

and education for women

• Acceptance of women’s social and economic empowerment

• Targeted women’s enterprise development support

• Improve the overall business environment

23 Nigeria 29

24-25 Morocco 27

24-25 Ghana 27

26 India 26

27-28 Uganda 19

27-28 Egypt 19

29 Bangladesh 17

30 Pakistan 11

Regional highlightsRegion Strengths Weaknesses

Africa Female startup rate Female leadership

Access to education Access to capital

East Asia Access to capital Business environment

Opportunity identification Startup skills

South Asia Willingness to start Equal rights Access to education

Europe Equal rights Good business environment

Opportunity identification Access to networks

Latin America & Caribbean

Female startup rate Market expanding startups

High growth startups Access to childcare

MENA New technology use by startups

Equal rights Attitudes towards female

executives



The United States, Peru and Ghana compared

1) Opportunity Perception2) Startup Skills

3) Willingness & Risk

4) Networking

5) Cultural Support

6) Opportunity Start-up

7) Tech Sector8) Quality of Human Resources9) Competition

10) Gender Gaps

11) Product Innovation

12) Process Innovation

13) High Growth

14) Internationalization

15) External Financing

0.0

0.5

1.0

United States # 1Peru #14Ghana #25

Conclusion: The tide is shifting…

• Focus on the economic benefits of female entrepreneurship; • Every country gains by removing impediments;• Benchmarking motivates positive change.

Some key issues need to be addressed:• Filling data gaps;• Female entrepreneurship and leadership;• Changing mindsets.

Future Steps



Resources

Contact: [email protected]• www.dell.com/women• www.thegedi.org• Linked in group: Gender-GEDI• Twitter: @gendergedi

http://www.dell.com/women

http://www.thegedi.org/