Study on Modalities of Public Toilets in Kathmandu

Metropolitan City: Focus on City Service Centers and

Mobile Toilets

Presenter: Manish Basnet

Asia regional sanitation and hygiene practit ioners workshop

31 January – 2 February 2012, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Objectives & MethodologyOBJECTIVES• To study public latrines of City Service Centers

(CSCs) and Mobile Toilets based on management modality.

• Financial status and users’ perspectives and catalog the findings.

METHODOLOGY• Questionnaire Surveys of operators and users.

• Inspection based on indicators: – Physical Infrastructure status

– Hygiene Indicators

Public Toilet’s ModalitiesTotal Public toilets - 32

City Service Centers (CSCs)

• Concept of Public Private Partnership (PPP) and Build, Operate, Own and Transfer (BOOT).

• Only 3 constructed at Ratnapark, Khulamanch and Chabahil.

Mobile Toilets (MTs)• Mobile Toilets operated

under Public Private Partnership (PPP).

• Limited holding capacity of the tank – limited water use for cleaning and washing.

Tender-run Toilets

• Toilets constructed by KMC

• Leased to operators by issuing tenders.

Findings

• Most of the questionnaire respondents (65%) preferred public latrines of CSCs.

• Currently, PPP and BOOT modality of CSCs - better modality.

• CSCs and MTs – relatively better services.

• CSCs and MTs profitable – good case for sustainability.

Issues• CSCs’ and MTs’ hygiene standard

is still below par .

• Fecal waste of CSCs directly discharged into city sewerage line; innovation to utilize fecal waste through on-site bio-gas plant.

• Lack of adequate water in CSCs for users cleanliness – rain water harvesting options.

• MTs - limited holding capacity and problems with waste disposal.

•Lack of adherence to stated agreement by KMC and the companies

Challenges• No public toilets are child-friendly/differently-able

friendly. Should be incorporated in ‘to be constructed public toilets’.

• Monitoring mechanism weak – Provision for investing certain percentage of profit in maintaining toilets.

• Public Toilet should be free – fares should be minimum.

• CSCs focused only in core city areas and has not addressed informal settlements. How to address this problem?

Thank You