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Farm Machinery
Safe Operation of Farm Machinery
Why are agriculture workers at risk of injury?
• Farm machines perform a wide range of tasks
– tillage
– seeding
– harvesting
– material handling.
– chemical application
• Extensive use of chemicals on the farm
• Long hours on the job
Hospitalized Farm Machinery Injuries1990 - 1996 (2595 Cases)
* Entanglement 774
* Struck, pinned or runover 658
* Runover 260
* Fall from a machine then runover 141
* Rollover 132
* Struck by an object 80
* Other 99
* Unknown 132
Rollovers are the leading cause of fatal farm injuries in Canada!
Hazard Recognition and Hazard Types
Hazard Type Description
1. Pinch Point Areas where moving parts close together
2. Entanglement Components that catch clothing, arms, or legs and wrap around or pull you in.
3. Sharp Edges Blades that cut or shear
4. Crush Point Components that close together trapping a hand, arm, foot or leg.
5. Visibility Due to obstructions observed on the machine
Hazard Recognition and Hazard Types(Continued)
Hazard Type Description
6. Thrown Objects Machine components that pick and throw objects with great force for some distance
7. Energy Release Energy that can be released suddenly or not controlled
8. Falling Caused by slippery, cluttered surfaces, riding on machines
9. Speed Highway or field travel may cause hazards
10. Work Environment Extremes of heat and cold or environmental quality that affects the operator
Hazard Recognition and Hazard Types(Continued)
Hazard Type Description
11. Cumulative Trauma Noise, vibration, and repetitive motion
that causes nerve and muscle damage
12. Chemicals Liquids and gases used on machines that
can be harmful
13. Run Over Machines can run over and crush people
beneath them
14. Roll Over Tractors or other machines when pushed
to their limits can overturn onto the
operator
Grain Auger
Main risk areas
1. Instability / Upsets
• Keep auger in the lowered position. Otherwise, the center of gravity
will make it less stable
The most dangerous machines on today’s farm!
“Never move a grain auger in operation, turn it off before moving it”
Grain Auger(Continued)
2. Flight / Drive Entanglement
• Prevent contact with the drive system while in operation
• Be familiar with all hazards associated with the machine
3. Overhead Power Line Contact • Assess the area for overhead power lines before moving an auger
• Before raising an auger, a safe clearance of about 3m (10 ft) is needed
4. Hoisting Mechanism Failure • It must be checked regularly
• Secure all clamps and locking pins to avoid a collapse of the auger
Two kinds of elevator collapse-type accidents
A) Upend Accident B) Cable or winch failure
“No one should be permitted to stand under a grain auger”
Tractors
• Rollovers, the leading cause of fatal accidents on the farm!
• recognize hazards
• understand the consequences of hazards
• known how to avoid hazards
“By practicing hazards recognition, injuries and illnesses can be avoided”
Guidelines to Minimize Tractor Accidents
Rollover results from: - steep sloping terrain - unstable ground - excessive load on the hitch
1. To minimized injuries ona rollover - use seat belts - use rollover protection bars
2. On a curve or slope - avoid high speed * stability of the tractor may be lost.
Guidelines to Minimize Tractor Accidents(Continued)
3. Avoid ditches, embankments, and deep holes
4. Maintain a “no seat, no rider” policy
Guidelines to Minimize Tractor Accidents(Continued)
5. Rollover & runover are the most causes of serious accidents on the farm
-Avoid sudden moves * starts * stops * jerky turns -Be alert of the surroundings
6. Use caution when driving on Public Roads
- Be alert of the traffic
- Be courteous and defensive
- On the machine * Use slow moving vehicle emblems
Guidelines to Minimize Tractor Accidents(Continued)
7. Hitch to the drawbar and hitch points:
- hitching above the normal drawbar
* tractor may tip over backwards
8. When a tractor is stopped:
- brakes must be set securely
- the park lock should be used
Day and Night Warning Signals
* Day Travel
- Slow-Moving Vehicle Emblem
- Reflectors
- Flags
* Night Travel
- Head Lamps
- Warning Lamps
- Tail Lamps
- Turning Signals
Work-related farm fatalities involving tractors by mechanism (1990-1996)
Mechanism Number of Deaths
Runovers 79
Unspecified rollovers 67
Sideways rollover 40
Backward rollover 39
Pinned or struck by machine 32
Motor vehicle collision 29
Fall from a tractor 11
Entanglement 9
Other 14
Total 320
Farm Safety for KidsFarm Safety for Kids
• Children must have a safe, easily supervised play area
• Hazards should be securely fenced and chemicals kept locked away
• Spare equipment should be stored securely
• Keep aggressive animals in childproof enclosures
• Don’t allow child passengers
• Children should never help with:– hazardous machinery
– dangerous animals
– dangerous chemical
Equipment for Anhydrous Ammonia
What is Anhydrous Ammonia (AA)?
• It’s a chemical compressed into a colorless liquid to be used as fertilizer
• Expands into a gas and is absorbed in the soil moisture
• When combine with the moisture of the body • causes rapid dehydration• burns the skin severely
• Hot weather increases the vapor pressure of AA in the tank
Personal Protection When Handling AA
• Wear a heavy-duty long sleeved shirt
• Chemical proof goggles
• Rubber gloves• Emergency first aid water tank with clean water
• Skin exposed to ammonia
should be flush immediately
with water
• Remove contaminated clothes
as soon as possible
Hoses and other Equipment
Hoses are the weakest links in the ammonia handling system
- Check hoses carefully before each use
Carry the hose by the valve body or coupling
- reduces the chance of opening
the valve by accident
Maintain break away couplers in good condition
- they provide protection if the equipment
separates by accident
AA Tank Holder
85% fill bleeder valve should be open
- to check the liquid level when filling
Fill only to the 85% level of capacity of the tank
AA tanks should be painted white
- to prevent rusting
- to keep inside pressure and temperature down in
warm weather
AA wagons towed on a public road must be equipped with vehicle emblems
• Slow moving vehicle
• DOT placard– non-flammable gas
• Content of the tank– warning signs
First Response To An AccidentFirst Response To An Accident
• Know what to do, stay calm
• Wash the affected area with water– this is the best emergency measure to use when skin or eyes are exposed
to NH3
• Wash area exposed for at least 15 minutes
• Contaminated clothing should be removed quickly and carefully
• Thaw clothing frozen to the skin area with abundant amounts of water
• Do not apply anything except water for the first 24 hours
• Stay warm and get to a physician immediately
Defective Equipment
• Should be tagged• Taken out of service• Repaired by qualified personnel