Table Of Contents

• Chapter 1 Hydrocarbon Dominance• Chapter 2 G20 Nations & Renewable Energy• Chapter 3 Various Types Of Renewable Energy• Chapter 4 Companies Greatly Impacting Renewable Energy • Conclusion• Sources

Chapter 1Hydrocarbon Dominance

• Coal

• Crude Oil

• Natural Gas

Coal

Coal Summary

• Coal for more than 150 years has been an integral part in providing energy worldwide

• China currently consumes more coal than the U.S., Europe, and Japan combined

• Currently 1.3 billion people do not have access to electricity, globally, which will continue to drive the demand for coal

Coal Summary

• In 2012, the U.S. consumed 871 million tons of thermal coal

• Coal, by far, is the most harmful of the three major hydrocarbons, in terms of air pollution, and adverse impacts upon human health

Crude Oil

Crude Oil Summary

• Crude oil demand, after 1900, began an amazing ascent, as automobiles became mass produced, and the global population exploded

• Since 2009, global oil demand has only been expanding at 600,000 barrels per day (bpd), down significantly from 2000 through 2008

• Over 200 countries rely on crude oil imports

Crude Oil Summary

• In 2012, geopolitical tensions in several oil producing nations caused their collective oil production, to fall by over 1 million barrels a day (bpd). The nations, include: Iran, Nigeria, Sudan, Syria, and Yemen

• The crude oil industry has been responsible for two of the worst environmental disasters in history: the Exxon Valdez oil spill, BP’s Deepwater Horizon disaster

Natural Gas

Natural Gas Summary

• Natural gas is the cleanest of the three major hydrocarbons, and is becoming the fuel of choice of many power producers, globally

• The U.S is the leading producer of natural gas, globally, and produced over 24 trillion cubic feet (tcf), in 2012

• By 2020, China aims to utilize natural gas for 10 percent of its total energy needs

Natural Gas Summary

• The U.S. & Canada are in enviable positions, and will become major exporters of natural gas

• Low natural gas prices are one of the leading impediments for the development of renewable energy projects, as natural gas is much cheaper to produce, per kilowatt hour

G20 Nations & Renewable Energy

Chapter 2G20 Nations & Renewable Energy• The G20 was created in the aftermath of the

Asian financial crisis in 1997-1998• G20 nations are responsible for 84 percent of

hydrocarbon emissions• Since 2009, many of the G20 nations have been

committed to reducing hydrocarbon subsidies • Hydrocarbon subsidies totaled $312 billion, in

2009

Renewable Energy Investment

• Since 2004, global renewable investment has increased significantly

• In 2004, global renewable energy investment totaled $54 billion

• Since 2009, technology costs for both wind and solar projects have dropped significantly, which have increased the rates of return, for renewable energy projects

Great Britain

• Great Britain’s population exceeds 63 million people, in 2013

• The country now generates over 10 percent of its electricity from renewable energy sources

• By 2020, Great Britain aims to generate 15 percent of its electricity from renewable energy sources

Iceland

• Although Iceland is not one of the G20 nations, the country derives 100 percent of its electricity needs for renewable energy sources

• Its two primary energy sources include: geothermal energy and hydroelectric power

• Iceland’s population is only 315,000 people

Japan

• Japan’s population totals over 127 million people

• The Fukushima disaster claimed 19,000 lives• Nuclear power prior to Fukushima, comprised

30 percent of Japan’s electricity generation• Currently only 2 of Japan’s nuclear reactors are

operational• Renewable energy only accounts for 1 percent

of Japan’s total electricity generation

Chapter 3Various Types Of Renewable Energy

• Wind Power• Solar Power• Geothermal Energy• Hydroelectric Power• Tidal Energy• Biomass• Biofuels

Wind Power

Wind Power

• Wind power dates as far back as 200 B.C.• Wind power is currently the fastest

growing component of renewable energy in the U.S.

• The Shepherds Flat Wind Farm & Cape Wind Project are two of the largest wind power projects to be developed in the U.S.

Solar Power

Solar Energy

• Germany is the world leader in solar energy• The Blythe solar power project has been taken

over by Nextera Energy• The U.S. has made major strides in solar

energy over the last 10 years• The Solar Industry Association is trying to

develop an industry standard for the reporting and disposal of hazardous waste

HydroElectric Power

Hydroelectric Power

• Hydroelectric power is the largest component of renewable energy in the U.S.

• The Three Gorges Dam was completed in 2012, which cost upwards of $40 billion

• China, Brazil, and Canada are the largest hydroelectric producers globally

Geothermal Energy

Geothermal Energy

• The Ring of Fire encounters the most geothermal activity

• Seven states in the U.S have geothermal power plants

• Indonesia & Japan have great potential in expanding geothermal energy

• Several East African nations are developing geothermal energy

Tidal Energy

Tidal Energy

• Tidal energy dates back to 787 A.D.• Tidal currents are extremely predictable• North America has several regions which

have great potential to develop tidal energy

• Ocean Power Renewable Corporation is in the early stages of developing tidal energy projects

Biomass

Biomass

• Biomass is considered to be a renewable energy source because trees and crops can always be grown

• Wood is the most common form of biomass

• 20 utilities within North America are utilizing biomass to partially replace coal and natural gas

Biofuels

Biofuels

• The food versus fuel debate rages on• Biodiesel consumption in the U.S has risen

exponentially sine 2001, when it totaled 10 million gallons

• ExxonMobil & Chevron have significantly scaled back their plans to develop next generation biofuels

• Waste to fuels plants & waste to energy plants are being constructed globally

Other Topics

• Nuclear Power• Hydrogen• Electric Vehicles• Hybrid Vehicles

Nuclear Energy

Nuclear Power

• Nuclear power plants utilize nuclear fission• Many nations are continuing their nuclear

ambitions• 86 percent of the uranium used for

nuclear power in the U.S, is imported • The Chernobyl disaster is estimated to

have killed 4,000 people

Hybrid Vehicles

Hybrid Vehicles

• Hybrid vehicles feature an internal combustion engine, along with batteries, and an electric motor

• Hybrid vehicles consume several rare earth metals

• Toyota’s Prius has been the most successful selling hybrid vehicle, globally

Electric Vehicles

Electric Vehicles

• Nissan’s Leaf only travels 75 miles before it needs to be charged

• In 2011, nearly 43,000 electric vehicles were sold, globally

• The U.S has backtracked from its goal of aiming for 1 million electric cars, by 2015

• Tesla is a major success story

Hydrogen

Hydrogen

• Hydrogen can be produced from several natural resources, which include: water, biomass, and hydrocarbons

• California is planning to construct 68 hydrogen stations estimated to cost $160 million

• Ford, Nissan, & Daimler AG all plan to launch affordable fuel cell cars, within 5 years

Chapter 45 Companies Greatly Impacting

Renewable Energy• GE Energy• Google• NextEra Energy Resources• Siemens• Waste Management

5 Companies Greatly Impacting Renewable Energy

Google

• In 2012, Google generated revenues of $48 billion and net income of $10.72 billion

• Google invested $700 million into renewable energy projects, in 2011

• Google invested $100 million into the Shepherds Flat Wind Farm, located in Arlington Oregon

Nextera Energy Resources

• Nearly 60 percent of the company electricity generating capacity comes from renewable energy sources

• Wind power is the company’s largest component

• Nextera is the largest wind power producer within the U.S.

• The company is also one of the largest solar power providers in the U.S.

Siemens

• Siemens is the largest industrialized company within Europe

• In 2012, Siemens Energy generated revenues exceeding $30 billion and net income exceeding $2.5 billion

• Siemens is exiting its solar power business, as Europe’s austerity measures negatively impact Siemen’s solar business

Waste Management

• Waste Management generates more electricity than the entire U.S. solar industry

• Waste Management produces energy from two major sources: waste and landfill gas

• Waste Management is constructing several waste to energy plants in Great Britain, and in China

Conclusion

• Global coal demand will reach 9 billion tons, by 2020, based on the amount of new coal fired plants which are being constructed

• By 2020, the number of vehicles which consume petroleum based products, is on pace to reach 1.5 billion. By 2020, global sales of electric vehicles will struggle to reach 5 million units, sold

• Outside air pollution deaths have increased from 800,000, in 2008, to over 3 million, in 2012, primarily due to hydrocarbons

Sources

eBook Description

• Renewable Energy’s Impact Upon Hydrocarbon Dominance, is 122 Pages

• Developed by Vincent J. Lentini• Will be available through Amazon and Apple’s

iTunes for $4.99• Will be released on June 19, 2013• This eBook will not address climate change, but

will focus on air pollution, and impacts upon human health