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Dan Jacobs, AIAPrincipal, A3C – Collaborative Architecture
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Planning For SustainabilityPlanning For Sustainability
Public Agencies Meet Sustainable Design
Dan Jacobs, AIAPrincipal, A3C – Collaborative Architecture
Planning For SustainabilityPlanning For Sustainability
Agenda
Descriptors and Indicators of Sustainability
◦What is it?◦What are the indicators
Standards for Policy Integration◦APA’s Sustainable Policy ◦USGBC’s Site Related Sections◦Alignment of USGBC & APA
Sustainable Policies from other Cities
Resources
Planning For SustainabilityPlanning For Sustainability
Sustainability is:
The capacity to equitably meet the vital human needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs by preserving & protecting the area’s ecosystems & natural resources.From APA Policy Guide on Planning for Sustainability
The Concept of Living in Balance with Nature . . .
Planning For SustainabilityPlanning For Sustainability
The Role of Planning & Planners:
Planning is key to defining how, where &
when development occurs.
Planners & their policies are therefore crucial
to the sustainability of our communities.
“The best way to predict the future is to create it.”
Peter Drucker
Planning For SustainabilityPlanning For Sustainability
Greenhouse Gas (GHG)
The Process of developing a climate action plan can identify cost-effective opportunities to reduce GHG emissions that are relevant to the state.
Without strong incentives, climate action plans will not achieve real reductions in GHG emissions.
Planning For SustainabilityPlanning For Sustainability
Planning For SustainabilityPlanning For Sustainability
Planning For SustainabilityPlanning For Sustainability
Regional Initiatives
Planning For SustainabilityPlanning For Sustainability
Planning For SustainabilityPlanning For Sustainability
Public Benefit Funds
Planning For SustainabilityPlanning For Sustainability
Green Pricing
Planning For SustainabilityPlanning For Sustainability
American Planning Association
There is growing concern for the issue of sustainability whether the Earth’s resources will be able to meet the demands of a growing human population that has rising aspirations for consumption and quality of life, while maintaining the rich diversity of the natural environment or biosphere.
To address these issues the APA adopted the POLICY GUIDE ON PLANNING FOR
SUSTAINABILITYon April 17, 1000
Planning For SustainabilityPlanning For Sustainability
Dimensions of Sustainability
Preserving communities as good places to live & work.
Protecting societal values - like liberty and democracy.
Protecting the bio-diversity of the natural environment.
Ability of nature to provide life support services. A Sustainable Community is One that Respects All
Aspects . . .
Planning For SustainabilityPlanning For Sustainability
Global Indicators of Unsustainability:
Global Warming
Soil Degradation
Deforestation
Species Extinction
Declining Fisheries
Economic Inequity
Planning For SustainabilityPlanning For Sustainability
Lifestyle Indicators of Unsustainability:
Over Consumption
Population Growth
Pollution
Non-Renewables Dependency
Destructive Patterns (Enviro. & Social)
Inequities in Resource Distribution
Limited Public Participation
Planning For SustainabilityPlanning For Sustainability
Community Indicators of Unsustainability:
Suburban Sprawl
Loss of Wetlands
Segregation/Unequal Opportunity
Loss of Agriculture Land/Open Space
Depletion/Degradation of Water
Traffic Congestion & Air Pollution
Disproportionate Exposure to Hazards
Planning For SustainabilityPlanning For Sustainability
Reduce dependence on fossil fuels, extracted metals of minerals.
Reduce dependence on chemicals that accumulate in nature.
Reduce dependence on activities that harm our ecosystems.
Meet needs of present & future fairly & efficiently.
Four Objectives for Greater Sustainability:
Planning For SustainabilityPlanning For Sustainability
Approach to Sustainable Objectives:
“All four policy objectives need to be dealt with in an integrated, comprehensive & systems approach in order to move toward sustainability in community in planning & development."
Planning For SustainabilityPlanning For Sustainability
Policy No. 1Support policies that encourage alternatives to gas powered vehicles.Public Transit
Alternative Fuel VehiclesBicycles & Pedestrian Routes
Planning For SustainabilityPlanning For Sustainability
Policy No. 2Support policies that encourage development that uses alternative renewable energy sources andenergy conservation.Solar
WindGeothermal
Planning For SustainabilityPlanning For Sustainability
Policy No. 3Support policies that encourage land uses that minimize extraction of mercury, calcium and phosphorus. Development
AgricultureSustainable Land Uses
Planning For SustainabilityPlanning For Sustainability
Policy No. 4Support policies that encourage development & businesses to reduce use of chemicals & synthetic compounds Construction
Materials
Services
Planning For SustainabilityPlanning For Sustainability
Policy No. 5Support policies that reduce the use of or eliminate pesticides and herbicides. Landscape
DesignPark MaintenanceAgriculture
Planning For SustainabilityPlanning For Sustainability
Policy No. 6Support policies that encourage compact/mixed use development & avoids sprawl (Smart Growth)
Minimize Need to DriveReuse Existing BuildingsReclaim Brownfield's
Planning For SustainabilityPlanning For Sustainability
Policy No. 7Support policies that encourage planning, development and preservation that conserves & protects water and soil quality. Underdeveloped
LandOpen SpaceAgriculture
Planning For SustainabilityPlanning For Sustainability
Policy No. 8Support policies that encourage sustainable development, business & agriculture that reduce use of water.Reuse Waste Water On-
SiteInnovative TreatmentsMinimize Chemical Use
Planning For SustainabilityPlanning For Sustainability
Policy No. 9Support policies that encourage sustainable development that include the needs of those currently disenfranchised.Public Health
SafetyWelfare
Planning For SustainabilityPlanning For Sustainability
Policy No. 10Support policies that reduce & reuse by-products & waste, especially those that see waste as a resource. Businesses
CommunitiesInstitutions
Planning For SustainabilityPlanning For Sustainability
Policy No. 11Support policies that encourage participation & partnership approaches to planning, especially sustainable planning.Resident
InvolvementCommunity VisionParticipation in Planning
Planning For SustainabilityPlanning For Sustainability
Policy No. 12Support initiatives that further R&D of technology that promotes sustainability and provides the best available economic, social & environmental data.
AlternativesCostsBenefits of Integration
Planning For SustainabilityPlanning For Sustainability
Policy No. 13Support policies that encourage support incentives & other economic tools to improve the sustainability of our natural resources. Local
StateFederal
Planning For SustainabilityPlanning For Sustainability
U.S. Green Building Council
A non-profit organization committed to sustainable
buildings started in ‘93
Over 14,200 organizations involved across the
building industry.
Over 3.2 billion sq. ft. of building space are involved with the LEED
(Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design)
Green Building Rating System™
Planning For SustainabilityPlanning For Sustainability
USGBC LEED-NC Divisions
Sustainable Site (SS)
Water Efficiency (WE)
Energy & Atmosphere (E&A)
Materials & Resources (M&R)
Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ)
Innovation & Design Process (IDP)
Areas Relatingto Planning Issues
Planning For SustainabilityPlanning For Sustainability
Avoid Developing Inappropriate Sites
Do Not Develop On:◦Prime farmland◦Site of endangered species◦Parkland unless trading◦Lower than 5’ above 100 yr flood plan◦Within 100’ wetland◦Within 50’ open water
SS: Site Selection (Credit 1)
Planning For SustainabilityPlanning For Sustainability
SS: Development Density, Connection & Community (Credit 2)
Develop previous development sites that are either:
In a community w/ density of 60,000 sq. ft./acre
OR Within a ½ mile of basic services
Planning For SustainabilityPlanning For Sustainability
Rehabilitate a damaged site where development is complicated by environmental
issues.
SS: Brownfield Redevelopment (Credit 3)
Planning For SustainabilityPlanning For Sustainability
Develop a project that has:
Access to Public Transportation
Bicycle Storage & Changing Rooms
Low-Emission & Fuel-Efficient Vehicles
Preferred Parking for Carpooling or Provides Less Parking than Required
SS: Alternative Transportation (Credit 4)
Planning For SustainabilityPlanning For Sustainability
Protect or Restore Habitats
Maximize Open Space that either:
◦Reduce footprints & exceed open
spaces (25%)◦Provide open space equal to
footprints◦Provide minimum 20% open
space where non-regulated
SS: Site Development (Credit 5)
Planning For SustainabilityPlanning For Sustainability
Quantity ControlMinimize impervious surfaces
Quality Control
Eliminate sources of containmentsand remove pollutants from storm water
SS: Storm Water Design (Credit 6)
Planning For SustainabilityPlanning For Sustainability
Non-Roof ◦ Shade hard surfaces◦ (SRI) 29 or better◦ Open grid systems on areas requiring vehicle
SS: Reduce Heat Island Effects (Credit 7)
Roof ◦Vegetated “Green” Roofs
◦(SRI) of 78 for low slope or 29 for steep slope
◦Combination of both
Planning For SustainabilityPlanning For Sustainability
Minimize light escaping site & building, reduce sky glow & reduce glare.
SS: Light Pollution Reduction (Credit 8)
Planning For SustainabilityPlanning For Sustainability
H2O: The Bad News
340 billion gallons of fresh water is used daily from rivers, lakes & reservoirs.
65% is discharged back into rivers after use and/or treatment.
Annual US deficit of water is estimated at 3,700 billion gallons.
Planning For SustainabilityPlanning For Sustainability
H2O: The Good News
US industry uses 36% less water today than they did in 1950.
Water efficient measures in commercial building can reduce water usage by 30% or more.
Typical office occupants use on average 20 gallons per day/person.
Planning For SustainabilityPlanning For Sustainability
WE: Landscaping (Credit 1)
Reduce use of potable water for irrigation by 50%.
Eliminate use of potable water for irrigation ◦ Use rainwater or grey water◦ Plant selection◦ Irrigation efficiency – drip
Planning For SustainabilityPlanning For Sustainability
Reduce generation of wastewater
Increase local aquifer recharge
Use water conserving fixtures
Treat wastewater on site
WE: Innovative Wastewater Technologies (Credit 2)
Planning For SustainabilityPlanning For Sustainability
Reduce burden on public utilities by reducing demand by 20% (1 pt) or 30% (2 points)
WE: Water Use Reduction (Credit 3)
Use higher efficiency fixtures & consider reuse rainwater & greywater for non-potable use.
Planning For SustainabilityPlanning For Sustainability
Leading the WayThe APA, USGBC & AIA are all making strides to implement the tools, benchmarks and resources to bring sustainability to the main stream.
Planning For SustainabilityPlanning For Sustainability
Planning For SustainabilityPlanning For Sustainability
LEED Development20
00
200
1
200
2
200
3
200
4
200
5
200
6
200
7
200
8
LEED for NeighborhoodDevelopment, Retail &
Healthcare are currently inpilot test.
LEED – New Construction
LEED – Commercial Interior
LEED – Existing Building
LEED – Core/ShellANSI Standards
LEED – Home
Planning For SustainabilityPlanning For Sustainability
Policy 1: Alt.
Transportation
Policy 3: Min.
Extraction
Policy 4: Reduce
Chemical Use
Policy 5: Reduce
Pesticides
Policy 6: Smart Growth
SS: Credit 4 Alt. Transportation
SS: Credit 1Site
DevelopmentSS: Credit 2Density &
Connection
SS: Credit 3Brownfield
Redevelopment
SS: Credit 5Protect Habitats & Open Space
SS: Credit 6Quantity &
Quality Control
SS: Credit 7Reduce Heat
Island
SS: Credit 8Light Pollution
Reduction
Policy 7: Water & Soil
Policy 8: Storm Water & Treatment
Policy 9: Public
Wellness
Policy 10: Re-use Waste
Policy 11: Community Involvement
Policy 12: Support
R&DPolicy 13:
Support Incentives
Policy 2: Renewable
Energy
WE: Credit 1Reduce
IrrigationWE: Credit 2Innovation
WE: Credit 3Reduce Use
EA: Credit 2Renewables
EQ: Credit 4Low Emitting
Mat.
MR: Credits 3 & 4
Reuse/Recycle
Planning For SustainabilityPlanning For Sustainability
AIA 2030 Challenge Goals All new buildings, developments and major
renovations shall be designed to meet a fossil fuel, GHG-emitting, energy consumption performance standard of 50% of the regional (or country) average for that building type.
At a minimum, an equal amount of existing building area shall be renovated annually to meet a fossil fuel, GHG-emitting, energy consumption performance standard of 50% of the regional (or country) average for that building type.
Planning For SustainabilityPlanning For Sustainability
AIA 2030 Challenge Targets
Edward Mazria AIA, is a senior principal at Mazria Inc. and is the architect who initiated the 2030 Challenge.
0102030405060708090
100
Now 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
Carbon Neutrality
Planning For SustainabilityPlanning For Sustainability
Counties & Cities Adopt 2030 Challenge
NACo supports the goals of the 2030 Challenge to encourage counties to set goals for renovated & all new public buildings to become carbon neutral by 2030.
The U.S. Conference of Mayors encourages it’s members to adopt the “2030 Challenge” for building performance targets.
Planning For SustainabilityPlanning For Sustainability
Incentives and Policies
Sustainability can be encouraged by offering incentives to those who make environmentally supportive decisions.◦ Expedited Services◦ Discounts◦ Training
The key to increasing implementing
sustainability is establish an action plan
Planning For SustainabilityPlanning For Sustainability
Paths to a Green Building/Planning Policy
The Pew Center on Global Climate Change was established in 98. The Center's mission is to provide credible information, straight answers, and innovative solutions in the effort to address global
climate change.
Planning For SustainabilityPlanning For Sustainability
Incentive Options
Communities offer several incentives varying from cost free to a direct investment by the city to encourage sustainable planning concepts and development of green buildings.
The following options represent the most common incentives offered by cities across the country . . .
Planning For SustainabilityPlanning For Sustainability
Streamline the permitting process for building, plan & site permits.
May require some reorganizing of staff or policy changes.
Great cost-savings to the city, the architects & developers involved.
Expedited Service
Planning For SustainabilityPlanning For Sustainability
Offer a Green Award for marketing purposes.
Highlight your Green Award on your green building web site & provide links to participating firms.
Green Building Awards
Subsidize USGBC cost through direct grants.
Subsidized LEED Fees
Planning For SustainabilityPlanning For Sustainability
Establish a loan fund specifically for green improvements.
Initial investment start-up cost, but proven profitable in the long run.
Reduced interest rates to developers that agree to build to green standards.
Pay back loan cost through future energy savings.
Green Loan Fund
Planning For SustainabilityPlanning For Sustainability
Train building inspectors & other officials in green building standards.
Trained local officials can educate the community and assist developers.
Cities can use these officials to earn revenue by offering discounted consulting for green building projects.
Training
Planning For SustainabilityPlanning For Sustainability
In return for achieving levels of green building ratings the following with be offered:
Implement height & floor/area ratio bonuses.
Reductions in landscaping requirements.
Counting green roof space as landscaping/open space.
Density Bonuses
Planning For SustainabilityPlanning For Sustainability
Waive or give partial or total reimbursement of the application, building, or permit fees in return for reaching specific levels of green rating systems.
Permit Fee Waiver
Temporarily reduce taxes for specific levels of green certification.
Property Tax Abatement
Planning For SustainabilityPlanning For Sustainability
Buy these energy-efficient appliances in bulk & offer discounted prices.
Discounted Energy Star Appliances
Incentives for additional costs on energy-efficient & other green systems such as HVAC, windows, solar energy and water.
Subsidized Green Premium
Planning For SustainabilityPlanning For Sustainability
LEED initiatives including legislation, executive orders, resolutions, ordinances, policies, and incentives are found in 75 cities, 23 counties, 17 towns, 27 states, 12 federal agencies, 10 public school jurisdictions and 36 institutions of higher education across the US.
Gaining Momentum for Sustainability
Planning For SustainabilityPlanning For Sustainability
U.S. Cities with
Green Building
Programs
Planning For SustainabilityPlanning For Sustainability
AIA Sustainable Study Findings
Green Building Programs in Cities with a Population Over 50,000
Planning For SustainabilityPlanning For Sustainability
D.C. Sets A Green Standard
First major U.S. city to mandate sustainability guidelines for privately owned real estate.
Passed the Green Building Act of 2006 which calls for all new development in the city to conform to the USGBC’s LEED standards.
Law takes force in 2008 for all publicly financed buildings and will be phased in by 2012 for private construction.
Planning For SustainabilityPlanning For Sustainability
D.C. Sets A Green Standard
Incentives: Green Building Fund (an advisory
counsel) Incentives for developers Green development ambassador Green building permit application
reviewer Fast-track permits Revision of codes to include green
building Priority leasing for green buildings
Planning For SustainabilityPlanning For Sustainability
Established a Green Building Task Force in 2003 composed of public & private experts in the field to recommend a comprehensive green building plan for the city.
First major U.S. city to implement a green building zoning code in 2007.
Requires all major new & rehabilitation construction projects exceeding 50,000 Sq. Ft. to earn 26 LEED New Construction points.Green collar jobs created is a strong
incentive for the program.
Boston, MA
Planning For SustainabilityPlanning For Sustainability
New York, NY
In September 2006 Mayor Bloomberg created the Sustainability Advisory Board, a panel of environmental design & policy experts gathered to develop strategies for greening NYC.
Announced PlaNYC 2030, a sweeping climate change proposal, on Earth Day of 2007.
Planning For SustainabilityPlanning For Sustainability
Since the release of PlaNYC 2030, the Sustainability Advisory Board has refocused their efforts to ensure that the city’s strategies for sustainability are implemented in full & remain publicly accountable to citizen’s concerns.
New York, NY
Planning For SustainabilityPlanning For Sustainability
Uses a series of mandates, challenges, & incentives to reduce demand among the city’s largest energy consumers.
Encourages the installation of green roofs through a new incentive program.
Uses upcoming rezoning to direct growth toward areas with strong transit access.
New York, NY
Planning For SustainabilityPlanning For Sustainability
Dedicates $15 million to a fund supporting brownfield redevelopment.
Implements more efficient construction management practices, including accelerating the adoption of technologies to reduce construction-related emissions.
Amends the building code to address the impacts of climate change.
New York, NY
Planning For SustainabilityPlanning For Sustainability
The green building component:
Offers incentives for green building techniques.
Strengthens energy & building codes to support energy efficiency strategies & other environmental goals.
Supports the construction of the city’s first carbon-neutral building.
New York, NY
Planning For SustainabilityPlanning For Sustainability
APAACORE
ARSCSCCDPGCIKP
NBMNHC
NLIHCNTHPNVPC
PPEDPERSIPFC SA SGASGNSWCSACSTPP
USGBC
WRHFMSHDANASEONYCTRBF
SURDNA
KSFTFUSTCGGF
GMHFGG USA
EPCGFBMFAIA
PGAFF
DOEDHSUSSDUSCMACHPASCEAC
ATBCBCEQ
CFPAES
DHUDDOTEPA
GSATLRNAC
NCDANIBSNODOMBPATHSBAISP
USGBCFEC
PFTEEIENCDX
GLWQA EC
MEWGMPWMDSSMARSSIM
NEPPSOPPTTENWCC
Planning For SustainabilityPlanning For Sustainability
American Council on Renewable Energy (ACORE)Works to bring all forms of renewable energy into the mainstream
Alliance for Regional Stewardship (ARS)A peer-to-peer network of leaders working to solve community problems
Complete Streets Coalition (CSC)Promote change in how streets are designed to accommodate all users
Community Design Partnership (CDP)Public health, government, design, and development associations promoting health through planning and design.
Green Communities Initiative (GCI)The initiative is a 5-year, $550 million commitment to build environmentally friendly affordable homes
APA Resources
Planning For SustainabilityPlanning For Sustainability
USGBC Resources The Playbook for Green Buildings and
Neighborhoods: Strategic Local Climate Solutions
LEED Initiatives in Governments and Schools
State and Local Government Toolkit
Energy Policy Act of 2005 Analysis
USGBC Facts and Figures
Planning For SustainabilityPlanning For Sustainability
Sustainable Design Assessment Teams (SDAT)Designing a Sustainable World
The AIA offers the SDAT program as a community assistance program that focuses on the principals of sustainability.
SDAT brings teams of volunteer professionals (such as architects, urban designers, planners, hydrologists, economists, attorney’s & others) to work with community decision-makers and stakeholders to help them develop a vision & framework for a sustainable future.
Planning For SustainabilityPlanning For Sustainability
Thank You!
Thank you for joining us at the MAP Spring Institute!
If you have any questions regarding today’s presentation or other aspects of
sustainable design please feel free to contact us at:
734.663.1910 or visit our website at www.a3c.com