Project management (1)

PROJECT MANAGEMENT

TECHNIQUE OFMANAGEMENT OF PROJECTS

1SAKEC/MMS/PM/JAN 10

PROJECTS• PROJECTS- LEADS TO A CHANGE.• INPUT-PROCESS-OUTPUT.• PROJECTS MAKE USE OF RESOURCES (men, material, money ,

equipment , time.)• DEFINITION : PM INSTITUTE DEFINES PROJECT AS A TEMPORARY

ENDEAVOR TO CREATE A UNIQUE PRODUCT/SERVICE.• PROJECTS ARE GROUP OF ACIVITIES.• PROJECTS ARE NON REPATATIVE IN NATURE.• PROJECT IS INITIATED TO ACHIEVE A MISSION.• USUALLY WE COME ACROSS

ROAD PROJECTS, REFINARY PROJECTS,POWER PROJECTS, BUILDING PROJECTS, TELECOMMUNICATION ETC.


Projects

• Temporary in nature.• Having definite start date and end dates.• Is completed when goals and objectives are

accomplished to the satisfaction of its stakeholders.

• Sometimes it happens that projects end, when goals and objectives cannot be accomplished, or the product, service or result of the project is no longer needed.

SAKEC/MMS/PM/JAN 10 3

Projects

• Project exist to bring about a product, service, or a result didn’t exist before.

• Project is unique in nature, though appears repetitive.

• Products , models goes on changing.• Designs goes on changing, location and its

nature changes, people associated changes, resources goes on changing.


CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF PROJECTS

• 1.OBJETIVE :PROJECTS are INITIATED TO ACHIEVE A FIXED SET OF OBJECTIVES /GOALS.

• 2.LIFE SPAN: CAN NOT CONTINUE ENDLESSLY. DEFINTE STARTING AND ENDING POINTS. SAY 2 YEARS, 36 MONTHS.

• 3.SINGLE ENTITY: NORMALLY ENTRUSTED TO A SINGLE RESPONSIBILITY CENTRE WITH NO. OF PARTICIPANTS.



• 4.UNIQUENESS: ONE OFF TYPE, NO TWO PROJECTS ARE ALIKE/SIMILIAR. LOCATION, INFRASTRUCTURE, AGENCIES …. ALL VARIES.

• 5. TEAM WORK : TEAMS WITH MEMBERS BELONGING TO DIFFERENT DISCIPLINE, ORGANISATIONS, EVEN DIFFERENT COUNTRIES.

• 6.CHANGE: MANY CHANGES THROUGHOUT ITS LIFE. SOME MAY BE SMALL OTHERS MAY CHANGE ENTIRE CHARACTER.



• 7. LIFE CYCLE : PROJECT HAS A LC, GROWTH, MATURITY AND DECAY.

• 8.SUCCESSIVE PRINCIPLE: WHAT IS GOING TO HAPPEN IS NOT CLEAR AT ANY STAGE. CLEAR PICTURE OF PROJECT IS KNOWN ONLY AT CONSTRUCTION STAGE.

• 9.MADE TO ORDER: IS MADE TO CUSTOMER ORDER.



• 10. HIGH LEVEL OF SUB CONTRACTING.• 11.UNITY IN DIVERSITY : PROJECT IS A SET OF

THOUSANDS OF VARIETIES, TECHNOLOGY, EQUIPMENTS,MATERIALS, MACHINARY AND PEOPLE.

• 12.RISK & UNCERTAINITY: AT EVERY STAGE THERE IS R& UNCERTAINITY.


Operations

• Are ongoing and repetitive.• Involves work without an ending date• Often repeat the process and produce the

same results.• Function is to keep the organization

functioning.• Repair work, maintenance of site ,updating

the content are all operations.


Stakeholders

• Projects are said to be successful when it achieves its objectives and meets the expectations of the stakeholders.

• Are those who have interest in your project.• They are actively involved with the work of

the project have something to gain from it.


Stakeholders

• Project sponsors• Project managers• Board of directors• Customers• Vendors • Suppliers• Engineers


PROJECT CLASSIFICATIONS

• NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL

• INDUSTRIAL AND NON INDUSTRIAL

• MEGA, MAJOR, MEDIUM, MINI

• NORMAL, CRASH, DISASTER


PROJECT LIFE CYCLE PHASES.• CONCEPTION PHASE

• DEFINITION PHASE

• PLANNING & ORGANISING PHASE

• IMPLEMENTATION PHASE

• CLEAN UP PHASE


1. Concept Phase

• Phase in which idea germinates• Idea comes when somebody trying to

overcome some problems.• Can be own ideas.• Ideas are put in writing.• Ideas should be well conceived.


2.Definition Phase

• Prepare a document (project report) describing the project to give ideas to customers, financial institutions etc. The areas to be covered are

• 1.RAW materials• 2.PLANT size/capacity & Machinery• 3.LOCATION & SITE.• 4.TECHNOLGY involved.• 5.PROJECT LAYOUT.• 6. Civil, Mechanical, Electrical works.• 7.MANPOWER & Utilities• 8.IMPLEMENTATION schedule


3. Planning & Organizing Phase

• Prepare a PROJECT EXECUTION PHASEIt includes

1.Identification of project manager2.Organizing manpower and other resources.3.Preparation of budgets and schedules.4.Preparation of systems and procedures.5.Site preparations The project to take off smoothly.


4. Implementation Phase

• Is a period of hectic activity.• People can see the project coming up. • Preparations of specifications, issue of

drawings, appointment of sub contractors, etc• Actual execution of Civil, Mech, Electrical work

starts.• Maximum coordination and control is

required.


5. Project Clean Up Phase

• Hardware built is handed over to different agency. (product/process)

• For Project personnel this is a clean up task.• Drawings, documents, files, operations and

maintenance manuals are handed over to the customer.


Project Report (PR)

• Entire project planning is summarized in a written document called PR.

• PR serve as a base for feasibility studies and actual execution of a project.

• PR contains details of technical, financial, marketing and managerial aspects of project.

• Financial institutions appoint expert staff for the scrutiny of the projects reports known as appraisal of the project.


Contents of Project Report

• Name ,address other details of sponsoring agency.• Brief history, summary of proposed project.• Salient features of the project such as land, bldgs,

plant, machinery, raw materials, labor.• Financial aspects of project.• Cost of production and profitability.• Information on marketing, present and future

demand.• Importance of project to national economy.


Project feasibility study.

• Is to find out the practical utility and possible success of proposed project well in advance.

• Advantages of FS• 1. Result anticipated.• 2.Changes possible.• 3.Execution of unsound project avoided.• 4. Possible failure and wastages avoided.• 5. Suggests future prospects.


Types of Feasibility Study

• 1.Technical Feasibility

• 2. Economical Feasibility

• 3.Commercial Feasibility

• 4.Environmental Feasibility• 5.Political Feasibility


MANAGEMENT• MANAGE- MEN- TACTFULLY.• IS THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PEOPLE.• IS GETTING THINGS DONE THROUGH PEOPLE.• IS DECISION MAKING.• IS PLANNING-EXECUTION-CONTROL.• ACHIEVING/ATTAINING THE

GOAL/OBJECTIVE. • WELL PLANNED IS HALF DONE.


PROJECT MANAGEMENT

• IS SUCCESS OF THE PROJECT.• PROJECT WITHIN THE BUDGET (COST).• PROJECT WITHIN ALLOCATED TIME.(T)• PROJECT TO PERFORM TO SATISFACTION.(Q)• PROJECT WITH C-T-Q FRAME WORK.• PROJECT MANAGEMENT IS TO MANAGE THE

PROJECT WITH TIME, COST,QUALITY FACTORS.


PROJECT MANAGEMENT

• Brings together a set of tools and techniques to describe, organize, and monitor the work of project activities.

• According to PMBOK, pm involves applying knowledge, skills, tools and techniques during the course of the project.


5 STEPS IN PM

• 1. GROUPNG WORK INTO PACKAGES.• 2.ENTRUSTING WHOLE WORK INTO PROJECT

MANAGER.• 3.SUPPORTING PROJECT, VENDORS, SUB

CONTRACTORS.• 4. BUILDING COMMITMENTS THROUGH

NEGOTIATIONS, SCHEDULE BUDGETS ETC.• 5. ENSURE ADHERANCE TO GOALS THROUGH

CONTINUOUS MONITORING.26SAKEC/MMS/PM/JAN 10

PROJECT MANAGER

• A PERSON FOR THE SUCCESS OF A PROJECT. • A PERSON WITH PROFESSIONAL KNOWLEDGE.• DEGREE WITH PFOFESSIONAL MGMNT

/MGMNT.• PERSON WITH DEDICATION TO COMPLETE

WITH C-T-Q PARAMETERS.• PERSON WHO CAN COORDINATE BETWEEN

OWNER AND CONTRACOR.


Skills of PROJECT MANAGER

• Communication skills• Organizational and planning skills• Budgeting skills• Conflict management skills• Negotiation and influencing skills• Leadership skills• Team building and motivational skills


PHASES IN PROJECT MANAGEMENT

• PROJECT PLANNING• PROJECT SCHEDULING• PROJECT ORGANIZING• PROJCT IMPLEMENTING• PROJCT MONITORING• PROJECT CONTROLLING


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Project management (1)