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Parameters of mining method evaluation
What we are looking for choosing the mining method
This objectives are contradictory
Maximum recovery of reserves recovery characteristics
Maximum daily tonnage for productivity characteristicsminimum stopes in operation
Minimum cost consumption and economic characteristics
Under good security conditions
Recovery characteristics : sources of dilution and loss
minerai
remblai
Loss in pillars Loss and dilutionon irregular ore/waste contacts
Dilution whenstope opening is larger then ore thickness
Loss on irregular footwall
Loss and dilution on the working surface during the loading
Loss and dilution during extraction under caving waste
Recovery characteristics : dilution and losses
orewaste waste
Recoverable reserve
R
dilution
S
lossesP
Direct calculation of dilution and loss
R - recoverable reserve, t R =10000 tP - loss, t P = 900 tS - dilution with waste, t S = 1600 tTV - run of mine tonnage, t TV = R - P + S = 10000 - 900 + 1600 = 10700 ttR - average grade of metal in recoverable reserve, tR= 0,08tP - average grade of metal in loss, tP = 0,11tS - average grade of metal in waste (dilution), tS = 0,015tTV - average grade of metal in run of mine,
tTV = (R * tR - P * tP + S * tS )/TV= (10000*0,08 - 900*0,11 + 1600*0,015)/10700 = 0,068
%4,910008,0*10000
015,0*160011,0*1000100
t*Rt*St*P
PmetalofLossR
SPMét
%3,1510008,0
068,008,0100
t
ttDDilution
R
TVR
%1510010700
1600100
TV
SDilution
%910010000
900100
R
PPoreofLoss Min
metal
ore
Indirect calculation of dilution and loss
%9100)015,011,0(10000
)015,0068,0(10700)015,008,0(10000100
)tt(R
)tt(TV)tt(RP
SP
STVSRMin
Loss of ore
%910010000
900100
R
PPMin
%1510010700
1600100
TV
SSal
%15100)015,011,0(10700
)11,0068,0(10700)11,008,0(10000100
)tt(TV
)tt(TV)tt(RSal
SP
PTVPR
%4,910008,0*10000
015,0*160011,0*1000100
t*R
t*St*PP
R
SPMét
%4,910008,0*10000
064,0*1070008,0*10000100
t*R
t*TVt*RP
R
TVRMét
Dilution
Loss of metal
Dilution and loss optimisation
0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,8
0,9
1
0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1 1,2 1,4 1,6 1,8 2
Recovering of ore TV/R
Dil
uti
on a
nd
Los
s
Loss + Dilution Dilution Loss
D
P
P + D
Dilution
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Top slicing Cut-and-fill Square set Sublevelstoping
Longwallstoping with
filling
Room andpillar caving
Undrcut-and-fill
Room andpillar
Sublevelcaving
Shrinkage InducedBlock Caving
Bloc caving Cut-and-fillin narrow
vein
Mining Methods
Dil
uti
on, %
Losses
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Cut-and-fill Longwallstoping with
filling
Top slicing Undrcut-and-fill
Square set Shrinkage Sublevelcaving
Cut-and-fillin narrow
vein
InducedBlock Caving
Room andpillar caving
Bloc caving Room andpillar
Sublevelstoping
Mining Methods
Los
ses,
%
Productivity characteristics
Stope output : tonnes per stope and per month
Relative weight of development : metrage of drifts par 1000 t of recoverable orepercentage of development in cost of a tonne of ore
Productivity of personnel : tonnes per man and per shifttonnes per man and per year
Level of mechanization : percentage of labor in costs
Stope output
3000 5500 6944,444444 1300040000 40000 50000
84000
140000
250000
500000
0
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
600000
Top slicing Shrinkage Cut-and-fill Undrcut-and-fill
Room andpillar
Longwall Openstoping
Sublevelstoping
Sublevelcaving
InducedBlock
Caving
Bloc caving
Mining methods
Sto
pe
outp
ut,
t/m
onth
Short holes
Long holes
Relative weight of development
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Open Longwall InducedBlock
Caving
Room andpillar
Shrinkage Top slicing Undrcut-and-fill
Sublevelcaving
Sublevelstoping
Openstoping
Bloc caving Square set Cut-and-fill Bloc caving
Mining methods
%
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Met
rage
of
dri
ft in
lm p
er 1
000
t of
ore
Travaux prep. dans le coût, % Minerai à partir de travaux préparatoirs, % Métrage de galeries pour 1000 t de minerai
Productivity of personnel
Mine personnel : totale, underground, stope
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Mine of Magmont Cut-and-fill Mine of Homestake
Mine
Per
son
nel
, %
Stope Underground services Surface
Productivity of underground personnel
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
Square set Top slicing Shrinkage Undrcut-and-fill
Room andpillar caving
Cut-and-fill Room andpillar
InducedBlock Caving
Sublevelcaving
Sublevelstoping
Open stoping Open
Mining Methods
Pro
du
ctiv
ity
of p
erso
nn
el, t
/m/y
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Pro
du
ctiv
ity
of p
erso
nn
el f
ond
, t/h
/s
Short holes
Bulk mining
Level of mechanization
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Open Bloc caving Induced BlockCaving
Sublevel stoping Room and pillar Cut-and-fill Square set
Méthodes d'exploitation
Mai
n d
'œu
vre
dan
s le
coû
t, %
Bulk mining
Short holes
Powder consumption
0,0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,8
0,9
Bloc caving Open Sublevelstoping
Induced BlockCaving
Open stoping Sublevelcaving
Room andpillar caving
Room andpillar
Square set Cut-and-fill Shrinkage Undrcut-and-fill
Mining Methods
Pow
der
con
sum
pti
on in
kg/
t
Bulk mining
Short holes
Relative operating cost of mining methods compared with room and pillar mining
Operating cost of room and pillar mining vary between 2 et 27 $/t with country, it’s 14,5 in average
0,511,00 1,00
1,74 1,402,07
3,66
5,61 5,99
7,32
8,92 8,53
16,00
23,36
0
5
10
15
20
25
Open Bloc caving Room andpillar
InducedBlock
Caving
Room andpillar caving
Sublevelstoping
Openstoping
Room andpillar with
fill
Sublevelcaving
Shrinkage Cut-and-fill Top slicing Square set Undrcut-and-fill
Méthodes d'exploitation
Rel
ativ
e C
ost
Bulk mining
Short holesBackfill
