Presentation On Personality

ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR

PersonalityCollected By:

Seyed Ali Marjaie

© 2003 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.Reference: http://www.prenticehall.com/

© 2003 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved. 4–2

AFTER STUDYING THIS CHAPTER,YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO:

1. Explain the factors that determine an individual’s personality.

2. Describe the MBTI personality framework.

3. Identify the key traits in the Big Five personality model.

4. Explain the impact of job typology on the personality/job performance relationship.

5. How to measure personality

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What is Personality?

When we talk of personality, we don’t mean that a person has charm, a positive attitude toward life, a smiling face, or is a finalist for “ Happiest and Friendliest” in this year’s Miss America contest.

When psychologists talk of personality, they mean a dynamic concept describing the growth and development of a person’s whole psychological system.

Rather than looking at parts of the person, personality looks at some aggregate whole that is greater than the sum of the parts.


What is Personality?


Personality Determinants

• Heredity

• Environment

• Situation

Heredity: refers to those factors that were determined at conception. Physical structure, facial attractiveness, gender, temperament, energy level etc.

Environment: Among the factors that exert pressures on our personality formation are the culture in which we are raised, our early conditioning, the norms among our family, friends and social groups etc.

Situation: A third, the situation, influences the effects of heredity and environment on personality. An individual’s generally stable and consistent, does change in different situations.


Personality Traits

Sixteen Primary Traits


The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

Personality Types

• Extroverted or Introverted (E or I)

• Sensing or Intuitive (S or N)

• Thinking or Feeling (T or F)

• Perceiving or Judging (P or J)

MBTI is one of the most widely used personality frameworks which has no hard evidence as valid measure of personality.


The Big Five Model


Major Personality Attributes Influencing OB

Locus of control Machiavellianism Self-esteem Self-monitoring Propensity for risk taking Type A personality


Locus of Control


Machiavellianism

Conditions Favoring High Machs

• Direct interaction

• Minimal rules and regulations

• Distracting emotions


Self-Esteem and Self-Monitoring


Risk-Taking

High Risk-taking Managers– Make quicker decisions.– Use less information to make decisions.– Operate in smaller and more entrepreneurial

organizations. Low Risk-taking Managers

– Are slower to make decisions.– Require more information before making decisions.– Exist in larger organizations with stable environments.

Risk Propensity– Aligning managers’ risk-taking propensity to job

requirements should be beneficial to organizations.


Personality Types


Personality Types


Personality Assessment

How does one measure another’s personality? Methods include:– interviews and observation– projective personality tests– objective personality tests

We will now discuss each of these in some depth


Interviews and Observation

Interviews consist of dialogue with the person in an effort to detect their ideas, beliefs, and values

– when you first meet someone you have likely engaged in this method of personality assessment

Observation consists of watching the person in various situations over time in an effort to discern their ideas, beliefs, values, and behavior patterns


Projective Personality Tests

These are based on the belief that the unconscious mind contains the roots of personality

They are based on a psychoanalytic view of personality

Types of projective tests include:

– Rorshach Inkblot test– Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)– Word- and free-association tests


Objective Personality Tests

Objective tests attempt to overcome the subjectivity of interviews and projective tests by using paper-pencil multiple choice tests


Evaluation of Personality Tests

Results of research on personality tests suggest caution in relying exclusively on the interpretations of personality tests

Results suggest that personality tests are useful, but that results from these tests should be used to confirm other data gathered on a person and not used as the sole assessment tool


Application of Psychology

Situational influences on personality in everyday life

– situations in our lives have a powerful influence on our general behavior

– situations can, if extreme, radically change our general way of behaving

• would you ever consider eating another human?

• would you ever consider drinking urine?

• would you ever kill, lie, or commit adultery?

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Presentation On Personality