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Unit 1 Lesson 3 What Are Some Types of Investigations?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
A Process for Science
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Start with a Question• A scientific investigation always begins with a
question.
• Scientists observe the world and then ask questions based on their observations.
Unit 1 Lesson 3 What Are Some Types of Investigations?
Plan an Investigation• Scientific methods are ways that scientists
perform investigations.
• Investigations can be planned once a scientist has a testable question.
• There are many different scientific methods for investigating the world.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 1 Lesson 3 What Are Some Types of Investigations?
Investigations Differ• The method a scientist uses to conduct an
investigation depends on the question being investigated.
• An investigation in which all of the conditions are controlled is called an experiment.
• Models are used to represent real objects or processes, and repeated observations are used to study processes in nature without disturbing them.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 1 Lesson 3 What Are Some Types of Investigations?
Drawing Conclusions• Whatever scientific methods are used, scientists
will have results they can use to draw conclusions.
• Conclusions can answer the question scientists asked before they began.
• Conclusions may also point to other questions and provide ideas for more investigations.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 1 Lesson 3 What Are Some Types of Investigations?
Unit 1 Lesson 3 What Are Some Types of Investigations?
Explosive Observations
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
• Some science questions are too big, too far away, or too uncontrollable for experiments.
• Repeated observations can help answer these questions and can help predict future events.
Unit 1 Lesson 3 What Are Some Types of Investigations?
Explosive Observations
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
• How do scientists predict the locations of future volcanic eruptions?
Super Models
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
When Modeling Is Needed• Scientists use models when they cannot
experiment with the real thing.
• Scientists draw conclusions and make predictions by studying their models.
Unit 1 Lesson 3 What Are Some Types of Investigations?
Super Models
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Types of Models• Physical models simulate a real object or event.
• Computer simulation models show future or past events.
• Drawing diagrams and flow charts show how ideas are related.
Unit 1 Lesson 3 What Are Some Types of Investigations?
How to Excel in Experimentation
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Ask Questions• Scientific questions can be answered by doing
experiments. An experiment tests a hypothesis.
• Make observations before stating a hypothesis.
Unit 1 Lesson 3 What Are Some Types of Investigations?
Hypothesize• A hypothesis is a statement that can be tested and
explains what can happen in an investigation.
• You can form a hypothesis by thinking about what you already know, talking to other people, and doing research.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 1 Lesson 3 What Are Some Types of Investigations?
How to Excel in Experimentation
Design an Experiment
• Experiments can have two or more setups for comparing results.
• Variables are any conditions in an experiment that can be changed. Most experiments have many variables, but only one is tested.
• The control is the setup to which all other setups will be compared.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 1 Lesson 3 What Are Some Types of Investigations?
How to Excel in Experimentation
Carry Out the Procedure
• A procedure is the steps scientists follow in an experiment.
• Procedures are often repeated.
• Repeating procedures gives scientists more evidence to support their conclusions.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 1 Lesson 3 What Are Some Types of Investigations?
How to Excel in Experimentation
Record and Analyze Data
• Recording data correctly is important. There are many ways to record data.
• Once data are recorded, you can analyze the results to draw conclusions.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 1 Lesson 3 What Are Some Types of Investigations?
How to Excel in Experimentation
Draw Conclusions and Evaluate the Hypothesis
• All conclusions must be supported with evidence in order to have a stronger conclusion.
• Once you’ve reached a conclusion, evaluate your hypothesis to determine if it is supported.
• Scientists build on what they learn by rethinking their hypothesis or designing new experiments.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 1 Lesson 3 What Are Some Types of Investigations?
How to Excel in Experimentation
Unit 1 Lesson 3 What Are Some Types of Investigations?
Special Delivery: Data Displays
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
• Line graphs show change over time.
• Circle graphs compare parts to the whole.
Unit 1 Lesson 3 What Are Some Types of Investigations?
Special Delivery: Data Displays
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
• Diagrams show data that do not include numbers.
• Bar graphs compare things or groups of things.