PLANT AS A SOURCE
PLANT AS ASOURCE OF DRUGPresented by:NARAINO MAJIE NabiilahDate:
5th March 2013
CONTENTIntroduction of Natural DrugsGrowing interest in Natural
SourcesDrug CollectionDrug ClassificationDrugs obtained
from:RootBarkLeavesFlowersFruits & SeedsProblems related with
Plant Sources
INTRODUCTIONOldest source of Drug
Home remediesReligious significancePure compounds easily
obtainedStructural modification to produce potentially more active
and safer drugsEconomical
WHY IS THERE A GROWING INTEREST IN NATURAL SOURCES?Efficient
compared to conventional diseasesNo side effectsHarmlessDrugs
against Anti-HIV and Anti-Tumour activity are from plant originDue
to technological, economic, cultural and social trends.
DRUG COLLECTIONProper time of collection is very important to
obtain a drug of good quality. It depends on the following:
Time of the yearTime of the dayStage of maturity and age
DRUG CLASSIFICATIONClassifications can be based on:
Chemical natureTherapeutic value of the plant product Natural
affinities of the various speciesMorphology of the plant organ from
which the drug is obtained
1-ROOTAconite obtained from the plant Aconitum napellus. It is
used externally for neuralgia and arthritis, and internally to
relieve fever and pain.
Licorice obtained from the plant, Glycyrrhiza glabra. It is used
as a demulcent and expectorant and to disguise the flavor of
medicinal preparations.
Rhubarb obtained from the plant Rheum officinale and R.
palmatum. It is used as a tonic and laxative and for
indigestion.
2-BARKQuinine obtained from Chinchona calisaya, C. officinalis,
C. ledgeriana and C. succccirubra. It is used as the only adequate
cure for malaria.
Slippery Elm obtained from Ulmus rubra. It is used for its
soothing effect on inflamed tissues, either in the crude state or
in the form of lozenges.
3-LEAVESBelladonna is obtained from Atropa belladonna.
Belladonna is used externally to relieve pain and internally to
cure excessive perspiration and coughs.
Cocaine is obtained from Erythroxylon coca. It is used as a
local anesthetic and as a tonic for digestion and treatment of
nervous conditions. It is addictive when used habitually.
Digitalis is obtained from Digitalis purpurea. Its action
improves the tone and rhythm of the heart beats thereby making
contractions more powerful and complete.
4-FLOWERSChamomile is obtained from Matricaria chamomilla. The
dried flower heads contain an essential oil infusions which are
used as tonics and gastric stimulants.
Hops is obtained from Humulus lupulus. Hops are used in medicine
for their sedative and soporific properties and also as a
tonic.
5-FRUITS & SEEDSOpium is obtained from Papaver somniferum.
Due to the narcotic and sedative action opium and its derivatives
are used to relieve pain, relax spasms and induce sleep.
Nux Vomica is drug obtained from the seeds of Strychnos
nux-vomica. It is used as a tonic and stimulant; strychnine, an
alkaloid of its ripe seed, is used in small doses to treat nervous
disorders and paralysis.
PROBLEM RELATED WITH PLANT SOURCES
Identification of plantClimatic and social conditions of
areaSeason of collectionCondition of storageStandardization of
active principlePurity of active ingredientMaintenance of supply
line
CONCLUSIONPlants have provided humans with many of their
essential needs, including life-saving pharmaceutical agents.
Recently the World Health Organization estimated that 80% people
worldwide rely on herbal medicines.Many developing countries have
intensified their efforts in documenting the ethnomedical data and
scientific research on medicinal plants.
REFERENCEShttp://ns.bdnews24.com/blog/en/index.php/md-nasir-ahmed/1038http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2658564/http://howmed.net/pharmacology/sources-of-drugs/http://www.faculty.ucr.edu/~legneref/botany/medicine.htm
