6400 – Administración de servicios de Información

Conceptos de organizaciones

Jueves, 07 de Febrero de 2008

Organizational Culture• Culture is the assumptions, values, norms and tangible signs (artifacts) of

organization members and their behaviors. – Difficult to express distinctly, but everyone knows it, senses it.

• Arrangement of furniture, what people brag about, what members wear, etc.– Need to know culture in order to change things. Strategic planners place as

much emphasis on identifying strategic values as they do mission and vision. Jeffrey Sonnenfeld identifies the following four types of cultures. • Academy Culture

– Stable organizations like universities, hospitals, large corporations, etc. • Baseball Team Culture

– Fast-paced, high-risk organizations, such as investment banking, advertising, etc.

• Club Culture– Military, and some law firms. People join young and stay.

• Fortress Culture– Organizations that often undergo massive reorganization. Examples are savings

and loans, large car companies, etc.

Knowledge Management (KM)

• Knowledge Management – Facilitates the transfer of knowledge – Needs a knowledge sharing culture focused on

• Innovation and knowledge creation• Spirit of sharing and collaboration • Experimentation encouraged • Focus on retaining Tacit & Explicit Knowledge

• KM needs the following for implementation– Infrastructure:

• Technology mainly in the shape of databases and groupware– Best practices system that captures lessons learned – An empowered Chief Knowledge Officer

Learning communities• A learning organization has a group of people who are constantly enhancing their

capabilities to create what they want to create, to nurture new and expansive patterns of thinking, where collective aspiration is set free, and where people are continually learning to see the whole together”

– (Senge, 1990, Smith, 2003).

• The rapidly changing environment needs:– Flexible, adaptive and productive organizations. – Organizations that have the ability to harness people’s commitment– Organizations that are willing to retrained their employees.

• Senge’s five disciplines which distinguish a learning organization from a traditional organization.

– Systems thinking

– Personal mastery

– Mental models

– Shared vision

– Team learning

Communities of Practice• Communities of practice (COP) are groups of people who share a

concern or a passion for something they do and learn how to do it better as they interact regularly.– Examples are a group of engineers working on similar problems, a

network of surgeons exploring novel techniques, a gathering of first-time managers helping each other cope

• Three characteristics of Communities of Practice are:– A domain: It has an identity defined by a shared domain of interest and

commitment to the domain.– The community: Members help each other, and share information.

They build relationships that enable them to learn from each other. – The practice: Members of a community of practice are practitioners.

They develop a shared repertoire of resources: experiences, stories, tools, ways of addressing recurring problems—in short a shared practice.

Evidence Based Management• Problem:

– Managers face increasing pressures to develop and deliver appropriate services of quality in a world of limited resources. A range of performance evidence has to be used appropriately and intelligently.

• Aspects of Evidence Based Management (EBM) in libraries are:• Calculating

– The local performance data • Comparing & contrasting

– The data gathered and benchmarking against similar systems – The performance against published standards and national examples of

best practice • Containing

– Assimilating research based intelligence and macro data that informs service design and decisions.

Significant Learning

• Advanced organizers

– A concept studied by David Ausubel in 1960.

– An advance organizer is information that is presented prior to learning and that can be used by the learner to organize and interpret new incoming information.

– When new information comes, it retrieves relevant old information in our minds and attaches itself to that old information. When no old information is available to attach to, advance organizers are given so that people can retain the information to come.

– The best example is demonstrating through diagrams before asking student to read.