Wade Adams

Director

Nanotechnology - New Prospects

for Jobs in Houston

What is Nanotechnology?

Molecular Engineering? Nanobots?

C60-wheel-assisted motions

OC10H21

C10H21O

C10H21O

OC10H21

C10H21O

C10H21O

OC10H21

OC10H21

OC10H21

C10H21O

OC10H21

C10H21O

H

H

H

H

OC10H21

C10H21O

OC10H21

C10H21O

H

H

H

OC10H21

C10H21O

2

22

Pivot &Linear motion

Pivot motion

Pseudo-1D Brownian motion

No lateralmotion

Y. Shirai, K. Kelly

Motorized NanoCar – Light Power!

Point A Point A

Point A Point A

a b

c d

h

SS

CH3

bb

S

S

H3C

Carborane wheel

Nanobackhoe Operation

N

M+

NNM

h

h'

N

J. Guerrero

H

H

N

HO

IPd/Cu, TEA, THF

N

N

HO

OH

N

N

O

O

H

H

N

N

O

O

H

H

N

N

O

O

H

H

N

O

H

N

O

H

Nanotrain Synthesis

T. Sasaki

Motor

RR'

Axle/Bearings

Suspension

Wheels

Cargo Transport

Sensors/Actuators

Fuel

δ- Directionalityδ+

全体構造図

Understanding Nanoscale Componentry

Nanotransporters

Nano-Hummer, The New H3

Paul Sakuma/Associated Press

Apple's new Nano music player has several features that are not found in other iPods, such as the ability to display the lyrics of whatever song is now playing.

iPod Nano

If your eyes are good enough to read them!

Reality of Nanotech Hard drives Sunscreens Automotive catalysts Car bumpers Paints and coatings Tennis balls and racquets Stain-resistant clothing New cancer therapies

http://www.nanotechproject.org/inventories/consumer/

Metrics(BY KEYWORD NANO*)

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000

11000

12000

13000

14000

15000

16000

17000

18000

19000

20000

21000

22000

23000

24000

25000

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004

YEAR

NU

MB

ER

USPTO Patents (x10)

ISI S&T Publications

Funding ($K x 10)D

AR

PA U

LTR

A

* Roco, Journal of Nanoparticle Research 2004

** Science Citation Index Expanded, ISI Web of ScienceMurday, NRL #206 10/02

NNI

ON

R P

INS

AR

I

DO

D N

ano

SRA

Nurturing Nanoscience into Nanotechnology

USA5395/6149/7850

France1317/1561

Germany1949/2282/2429

England906/1000

Italy631/829

Russia854/1025/1128

Singapore209/277/439

Switzerland372/369

Japan2289/3002/3350

Taiwan282/465/706

China2474/3493/4618

India461/650/862

Australia236/348/416

Canada382/545

Mexico166/218

Brazil285/311

Total Worldwide- 18539 /24208 /28177_

Israel273/253

CY2002/03/04 PUBLICATION COUNT(By Keyword Nano*)

Science Citation Index of 5300 Journals

Global Participation in NanoscienceSweden297/320

Korea760/1103/1466

FIGURE 3: THE U.S. CURRENTLY LEADS THE WORLD IN GOVERNMENT R&D INVESTMENT, WITH A LITTLE OVER 25% OF THE TOTAL

$5

$5

$47

$77

$106

$202

$256

$291

Other

EPA

NASA

NIST

NIH

DoE

NSF

DoDWestern

Europe, 24.4

Japan, 24.4Other, 24.4

US, 26.8

Investment ($ Millions) Share of global investment

Source: Jim Murday, NanoBusiness Alliance Analysis

THE GOOD NEWS: THE U.S. IS CURRENTLY LEADING THE WORLD IN KNOWLEDGE DEVELOPMENT

2.5%

3.1%

3.4%

4.0%

4.0%

5.2%

5.9%

8.6%

11.9%

16.4%

27.9%

Taiwan

India

Italy

Russia

England

Korea

France

Germany

Japan

China

USA

2.4%2.4%3.2%3.6%4.4%5.3%5.9%

8.1%9.3%

15.2%53.9%

KoreaCanada

NetherlandsSwitzerland

ItalyChina

EnglandFranceJapan

GermanyUSA

Share of Nanotech Publications (2004)Share of High Impact Nanotech Publications (2004)

Source: Jim Murday, NanoBusiness Alliance Analysis

THE BAD NEWS: THE LEAD HAS BEEN ERODING

Source: Mike Roco, R&D II Workshop Presentation; NanoBusiness Alliance Analysis

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

20

25

30

35

40

45

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

U.S. Share of Nanotech Publications (‘91-’04)U.S. Share of High Impact Publications (‘91-’04)

EXPECTATIONS FOR NANOTECH ARE HIGH…

• 2015

• 2,000

• 1,000

• 50

• 0

• $ Billions

• 2005

• 2010

• 500

• 100

• NSF $1T

• $1 T

• Evolution

Capital• $150 B

• $2 T

• In Realis

• $100 B

• $800 B

Source: CMP Cientifica, NanoBusiness Alliance. Evolution Capital, NSF, In Realis, McKinsey analysis

• $30 B

• 3,000

• $2.6 T

• $500 B

• Lux Rese

arch

Nano – Where it’s going

Aerospace

1-3

4-6

7-9

10+years

drugdelivery

smartimplants

medicaldiagnostics

displays

quantumcomputing

lightingfuelcells

solarcells

portableenergy cells

high-strengthlow-weightcomposites

morph-materials

spaceelevator

smarttextiles

composites

solar farmsin space

personalizedmedicine

tissue/organregeneration

Medical

smartcomposites

Information and Communications

batteries

molecularcircuitry

memorystoragedevices

long-distanceelectricitytransportation

Energy

Where will the Nano Discoveries take place over the next 10 years?

Nanotechnology Workforce Initiative for Houston - NWIH2007 Micro Nano Breakthrough Conference – Portland, Oregon 2007 E.C. Teague NNCO

What Is Nanotechnology?

Research and technology development aimed to understand and control matter at dimensions of approximately 1 - 100 nanometer – the nanoscaleAbility to understand, create, and use structures, devices and systems that have fundamentally new properties and functions because of their nanoscale structureAbility to image, measure, model, and manipulate matter on the nanoscale to exploit those properties and functionsAbility to integrate those properties and functions into systems spanning from nano- to micro- to macro-scopic scales

Corral of Fe Atoms – D. Eigler

Nanoarea Electron Diffraction of DW Carbon Nanotube – Zuo, et.al

“Anything is nanotechnology that, under the rubric of nanotechnology,makes money.” Rice Alliance Technology Entrepreneurship Workshop, October 2002

New ISO Working Definition:

Nanotechnology is the application of scientific knowledge to the control and use of matter at the nanoscale, where size related phenomena and processes may occur.

One Human Hair = 100,000 Nanometers Thick

SUNY-Albany, A. Kaloyeros

Nanotechnology

Bulk Gold = YellowNanogold = RedSize

Numbers

Surface Area (S/V)

Quantum Effects

Rx

bulk scaling

atomic

Plenty of Room at the Bottom Richard P. Feynman

December 1959  

www.its.caltech.edu/~feynman/plenty.html

Atomic Force Microscopy

And Scanning Tunneling Microscopy

Binnig & Rohrer – STM 1981Nobel Prize – 1986!!

Professor Richard E. Smalley

1943 - 2005Nobel Prize in Chemistry 19966-week

summer project in 19852-page paper in Nature - with -Robert F. Curl - and -Harold Kroto

Carbon-60 MoleculeA.K.A. • C-60•

Buckminster- fullerene• Buckyball

National Nanotechnology ProgramWhite House – November 2003

Smalley Institute Vision

We lead the world in solving the most pressing problems of humanity

through application of nanotechnology.

*1993 - Conceived by Prof. Richard Smalley & approved by

Board of Governors as CNST – 1st in the world*1993 – Fundraising by Rice ($37M)*1996 – Curl/Smalley win Nobel Prize in Chemistry*1997 – New building is dedicated – Dell Butcher Hall*2002 – New CNST Director arrives at Rice from AFRL*2005 – Name changed to honor Richard Smalley

Richard E. Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology

SmalleyInstitute

MEMS

ECE

ChE

CEE

BioE

CAAM

Phys

Chem

www.nano.rice.eduWade Adams, DirectorVicki Colvin, Co-DirectorCarlos Garcia, Director of AdministrationJohn Marsh, Director of OperationsGloria Funderburg, SEA OperationsWendi Schoffstall, CoordinatorAddy Saenz, Accounting140+ faculty members

Dell Butcher Hall

Biochem & Cell Biology

Jones School of Management

Anthropology

Earth ScienceEconomics

Philosophy

History

Smalley Institute: Virtual Organization Across Rice – 1993 (1st in world!)

Advocate Research External InteractionsSupport Faculty IP, Licensing & Start-upsRaise Funds Local - international Infrastructure meetingsSeminars SymposiaCollaboration Educational OutreachNanotech Service

There have been more than 30 Rice related start-up companies over the past 8 years (top ten in start-ups/research $)

1. Advanced Biosciences*- (Matsuda)2. Advanced Reality* - (Ruths- grad student)3. Applied NanoFluorescence- (Weisman)4. Aristan Medical - (Athanasiou)5. BetaBatt - (Engel)6. BioSonic – (Liebschner)7. Cambrios (affiliated company)- (Smalley)8. CNI (now Unidym)- (Smalley, Hauge, et al.)9. Desmogen*- (Mikos)10. Ensysce Biosciences- (Weisman, Wilson)11. Glycos Biotechnology- (Gonzalez)12. Houston Medical Robotics- (O’Malley)13. itRobotics- (Ghorbel)14. LaserGen (BCM with Rice)- (BCM-Metzger; Rice-Curl)15. Mass Specific Force- (Weyand)16. Molecular Electronics Corp. (inactive)- (Tour)17. MTPE (Museums Teaching Planet Earth) (Reiff)18. NanoComposites (Tour)19. Nanopartz (Zubarev)20. NanoRidge (Barrera et al.)21. Nanospectra Biosciences (West and Halas)22. Nano 3D Biosciences (Killian and Rafael)23. NatCore (Barron)24. NewCyte (Barron)25. Oxane Materials (Barron)26. ProMedior (Gomer)27. Solterra (Wong)28. Somatogen* -(Olson)29. Trellis* (affiliated company)- (Gomer)30. Vanguard Solar – (Barron)31. Xilas Medical (affiliated company)- (Athanasiou)

CarbonNanotechnologiesIncorporated

Nanospectra Biosciences

* inactive

Nano-science & industry report card: what are we missing?

Science &Expertise

Market for &Delivery of Nano Products

Ready & Able Workforce

Rice• Ideas that are

applicable• Proven

research ability

• Existing knowledge base and Intellectual PropertyHCCS, UH

• Ability to teach• Ability to

develop curriculum

IndustryDrive & Resources

Con

sort

ia b

etw

een

Aca

dem

ia &

Indu

stry

Energy:HalliburtonShellBPAerospace: Lockheed MartinJohnson Space CenterHealth Sciences:Nanospectra Biosciences

Nano-technology Workforce Gap

Conceive Develop Commercialize Deliver

Economic Outcome

Nanotechnology Workforce Gap

We are now producing Masters- and Ph.D-level talent in Nanotechnology

We will continue to need that type of talent, but the drive to commercialize will be fueled by technicians

Why? It takes a tremendous number of lab hours to take Ph.D concepts and develop products and scale-up processes from them

The conclusion is simple: without technicians, we will not reach our economic goals in Nanotechnology

How do we close the workforce gap?

Start with the employers! What do you need now? What are you going to need in five years? Retrain existing employees? Hire new

talent? What levels?

Technician’s Certification AA BS, MS, Ph.D

What areas? Nanomaterials and Characterization Nanoelectronics Nanophotonics?

What: build our workforce to match the new jobs in emerging technology

Nanomaterials: producing science and engineering jobs today Schlumberger needs to hire 6,000 engineers in

next 2-3 years; many in Houston Lockheed Martin ramping up to produce next-

generation space vehicles Both Energy and Aerospace now using

nanomaterials Lockheed Martin and Schlumberger

looking for Nano-educated technical workers NOW: if they can’t find the workers in Texas, they will be forced to hire them from the outside or move the jobs out of Texas.

We have a lead in Nano research and early commercialization:

We need Nano-workers so we can take that lead into mainstream industry

Nanotechnology Education in Texas

Institution Degree Discipline Completion TimeRichland College --- credit or continuing

education units ---Nanotechnology in Engineering

part of a BA/BS or continuing education

Texas State Technical College

Associate of Applied Science

Laser Opto-Electronics Technology

24 months

Texas State Technical College

Associate of Applied Science

Semiconductor Manufacturing Technology

24 months

UT Arlington Undergraduate Minor in Materials Science

Nanoscale Materials part of a BA/BS program

Rice University Masters of Science Nanoscale Physics 21 months

Rice University PhD Nanophotonics 4-6 years

Nanotechnology Specific Programs

Degrees with Nanotechnology Emphasis University of Texas

Austin, Arlington, Dallas, Health Science Center Houston, El Paso, San Antonio

University of Houston Texas A&M Texas Tech Rice University

• Associates – 2 years• Bachelors – 4 years• Masters – BA/BS +2

years• Doctorates – BA/BS +4-6

years

• Materials Science• Engineering• Chemistry & Physics• Biosciences & Bioengineering• Environmental Studies• Management &

Entrepreneurship

Nanotechnology Workforce Development Initiative – Dallas area

University of Texas – Dallas Texas State Technical College – Waco Del Mar College of Corpus Christi Baylor University Richland College

Zyvex Corporation Sematech

• lay the foundation for a truly innovative and effective partnership to produce a highly qualified and talented workforce for the growing demands of nanotechnology

• play a significant role in supplying the workforce necessary to create and deploy the new class of services and products being created by the nanotechnology industry

• serve as a model for these community colleges and other nanotechnology companies to develop partnerships to produce the best nanotechnology workers here in Texas, thus giving employers a key competitive advantage against companies located throughout the world

Texas Workforce Development

ACC NanoScholar Internship Program SEMATECH, Austin Community College,

Texas State Technical College

Jobs

Nanotechnology Technician May 12, 2009 recognized by Texas Skills

Standards Board $23.00-30.00 per hour building, installing, maintaining,

repairing probing and nanolithography systems,

supporting nano-scale product development, and manufacturing nano-scale product

Jobs

Associates Degree Instrument Manufacturing

Technician Research Technician

Bachelors Degree Quality Specialist Production Planning

Manager Mechanical & Electrical

Engineers Training Manager Operations Manager Business Coordinator

Masters/Doctorate Degree Research Fellow Senior Scientist/Engineer Professor Program Director

• monster.com• careerbuilder.com

• workingin-nanotechnology.com

• tinytechjobs.com• nanoguys.com• azonano.com• nanovip.com

Smalley Institute Focus Nano in Energy (AEC++) NanoHealth (CBEN+ANH+CPINE) NanoMaterials for Aerospace SWNT (CNL+) NanoPhotonics (LANP) NanoElectronics (Texas NRI, TxAN) Social/Ethical/Environmental/Toxicological

Issues (CBEN+) Nanoscience/Nanoengineering Nanoeducation

Even Our Grad Students are Special!

Grad Student Author!!

Rich Booker (Smalley group)

Autographs available!

NanoBusiness Resources

Smalley Institute Client & Collaborative Organizations

HARCHouston Advanced

Research Center

“Owned”By Rice

Rice isintegral

Rice isone of manyparticipants

Nanomaterials Application Center

At Texas State UniversitySan Marcos

Provides major equipment to Rice and othersNow supports over 70 instruments

Full spectrum of equipment – TEM to NMR

Recent adds – X-ray and Mass Spec39 External Users, simple authorization process

Pay fair fees for usageExpert operator time extra, if needed

Model for NSF, Texas Virtual Lab

Website sea.rice.edu

Research at the Wet/Dry Interface

Prof. Vicki ColvinDirector

Prof. Richard SmalleyFounding Director

Dr. Kristen KulinowskiExecutive Director

cben.rice.edu

Nanotechnology Workforce Initiative for Houston - NWIH

Center for Biological & Environmental Nanotechnology

Nano-Bio: 21st Century Medicine

Medical Diagnosis Medical Therapeutics Tissue Replacement

How can functional bio-nano objects be used to affect the health of organisms?

NanoX

Bionanoconjugate (BNC)

20nm

Nanoshell-Assisted Tumor AblationProfessors Naomi Halas and Jennifer West

Nanoshell-Assisted Tumor Ablation PI: Dr. Jennifer West

(Rice Bioengineering)

Dr. Naomi Halas (Rice ECE )

Dr. John Hazle (MDACC)

Investigating use of Rice invention (nanoshells) for highly specific, minimally invasive cancer therapy

Funded by NSF

Licensed by Nanospectra Biosciences, Inc.

NanoshellsAbsorb in IR

TargetCancer Cell

Antibody ligands on nanoshells match receptor sites specific to targeted cancer cells.

External

LaserDemonstrated in MiceThe inside joke is that the treated mice lived much longer than budgeted and have become a financial and accounting embarrassment.

Dr. Mauro FerrariDirector

Dr. Jason SakamotoChief Operating

Officer

The GoodNanoGuide

Protected Internet site on occupational practices for the safe handling of nanomaterials Multiple stakeholders contribute, share and discuss information Modern, interactive, up-to-date

49http://GoodNanoGuide.org

New Corporate Aerospace Research Center

Announced April 2008 – 1st ever for LM Co. Initial Agreement $1 million/year over three

years Seed money for research projects – those

that become promising may “graduate” to Business Area funding – incremental to the $1M/year

Single corporate backer rather than consortium

Includes Rice short courses both technical & info

Lockheed hires 5% of all new US engineers

Electronic Systems

Information Systems and Global Services

AeroMaterials

MaterialsSensors

Platforms

Control Algorithms for Missions

Sensors

Space SystemsMaterials

SensorsPower

• Distributed Sensor Systems • Modeling and Simulation• Integrated Platforms

Nanotechnology in Lockheed Martin

• Ultra Lightweight Structure• Smart Structures

U. S. Air Force Research Laboratory University of Texas - DallasUniversity of Texas - Austin

University of Texas - ArlingtonUniversity of Texas - Pan AmericanUniversity of Texas - Brownsville

University of HoustonRice University

CONTACTNanotechnology for the Air Force,

Aerospace, and Commerce Jack Agee,

Executive Director, CONTACT ProgramRice University

jackagee@rice.edu

Humanity’s Top Ten Problemsfor next 50 years 1. ENERGY2. WATER3. FOOD4. ENVIRONMENT 5. POVERTY6. TERRORISM &

WAR7. DISEASE8. EDUCATION9. DEMOCRACY10. POPULATION 2003 6.5 Billion People

2050 8-10 Billion People

Global Energy UseEnergy Use (Quadrillion Btu)

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

Africa

Canada & Mexico

Middle East

Central & South America

Eurasia

Europe

United States

Asia & Oceania

Quadrillion Btu

Data: EIA, October 2007

OilGas

Coal

NuclearAll Other

87% Fossil Fuels

1 Quad ~ 1 Exajoule ~ 1 Tcf ~ 170 mmbo (~ 33 GWY)Scott Tinker – UT Austin BEG

Estimates of 21st century world energy supplies (billion barrels oil equivalent), with estimated energy demand and world population (2000)

World Energy

Very Conservative!

Why Houston MUST care about Nano

Oil & Gas: Hugely important to Texas – economic life-blood of Houston

What do we do when it declines? We can’t afford to become another

Tulsa

1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s 2020s 2030s

Nanotechnology Oil & Gas

Energy @ Rice

Long term

Medium term

Near term

Present

00(zero consumption, zero emissions)

Renewable fuels

Unconventional resources

Enhanced recovery

Dig a hole in the ground

Solar (wind, nuclear)Transmission (Q-SWNT)

Fuel cells, biofuels

Gas hydrates, tar sands, shale

Sensors, imaging, proppants

Control, corrosion

Public policy & environmental/health throughout

UT AustinRice University

10 Industry Members

BP BakerHughes ConocoPhillips Halliburton Marathon Occidental Schlumberger Shell Total Petrobras

Global Potential of Available Renewables and Fossil Fuels

www.hessen-nanotech.de

Smalley Energy Vision

MOLECULAR PERFECTION & EXTREME PERFORMANCE

The Strongest Fiber Possible.Selectable Electrical Properties

Metallic Tubes Better Than CopperSemiconductors Better Than InSb or GaAs

Thermal Conductivity of Diamond.The Unique Chemistry of Carbon.The Scale and Perfection of DNA.The Ultimately Versatile Engineering Material.

Why Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes?

The biggest single challenge for the next few decades:

ENERGY for 1010 people

• At MINIMUM we need 10 Terawatts (150 M BOE/day) from some new clean energy source by 2050

• For worldwide energy prosperity and peace we need it to be cheap.

• We simply can not do this with current technology.

• We need Boys and Girls to enter Physical Science and Engineering as they did after Sputnik.

• Inspire in them a sense of MISSION( BE A SCIENTIST --- SAVE THE WORLD )

• We need a bold new APOLLO PROGRAM to find the NEW ENERGY TECHNOLOGY

Roadblocks

Vision without funding is hallucination. Da Hsuan Feng – UT Dallas

Vision without hardware is delusion. Lockheed engineer

From the age of Space to the age of Medicine

Class of2030

ArchitectureShanghai EXPO 2010

Horst Adams, BAYER

Building & Construction

Horst Adams, BAYER

New horizons in architecture

Horst Adams, BAYER

Nanotechnology solution?

Rice NanoFANSFriends Advancing NanoScience

nano.rice.edu

Rice NanoFANS Members Support

distinguished seminarsawards for outstanding thesesannual eventsexceptional undergraduate researchK-12 and continuing education programs

Rice NanoFANS Members Receiveadvance notice of and reserved seating at Smalley Institute seminars and eventsimproved access to nano research at Riceinvitations to private receptions with faculty and distinguished guestsquarterly e-newsletters highlighting nano at Rice and around the worldevent sponsorship opportunitiestours of Rice nano facilities

Aims to educate the public about nanotechnology and its impact on society and to provide a conduit for companies to learn about and integrate nanotechnological advances.