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all about monopoly competition of micro economics
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04/13/2023 1
MICRO ECONOMICSFOR MANGERS
PRESENTATION FOR
ON
MONOPOLY
04/13/2023 2
Submitted To:-Mr. U.K Mahapatra
Submitted ByKrishnendu SahaGopabandhu NayakMd. IshtiyaqueRubina NizzarJaya Kumari
04/13/2023 3
Q: What is MARKET ????
Ans: Market is a place where buyer & seller meets.
Elements of Market:1. Buyers & Sellers 2.A product or service3. Bargaining for a price4. Knowledge about market conditions
04/13/2023 4
Types of Market
MONOPOLYIMPERFECT
COMPETITIONPERFECT
COMPETITION
MONOPOLISTICCOMPETITION OLIGOPOLY
04/13/2023 5
MONOPOLY::??
The word MONOPOLY means “Alone to Sell”
Term “Monopoly” is being derived from two words“Mono” & “Poly”
Mono refers to singlePoly to control
04/13/2023 6
Few Examples of
Monopoly Practices
04/13/2023 7
Features of MONOPOLY market :
1. Single seller.2. No close substitute.3. Anti-thesis of competition.4. Price maker.5. Downward slopping supply curve.6. Entry Barriers for others.
04/13/2023 8
Nature of Demand & Revenue under Monopoly
In the above fig. the monopolist slopes downward from left to right. MR also falls and Slopes downward from left to right. MR curve is also below AR showing that at OQ,AR (=price) is PQ where as Marginal Revenue is MQ
04/13/2023 9
Quantity Sold
Average Revenue(AR=P)
Total Revenue(TR)
Marginal Revenue(MR)
0 10.00 0
1 9.50 9.50 9.50
2 9.00 18.00 8.50
3 8.50 25.50 7.50
4 8.00 32.00 6.50
5 7.50 37.50 5.50
6 7.00 42.00 4.50
7 6.50 45.50 3.50
8 6.00 48.00 2.50
9 5.50 49.50 1.50
10 5.00 50.00 0.50
11 4.50 49.50 -0.50
04/13/2023 10
Marginal Revenue & Marginal cost Approach
According to this approach two conditions should be fulfilled
1. MC = MR2. MC must cut MR from below
This analysis can be conducted in both Short Run Long Run
04/13/2023 11
Short Run Under Monopoly
Three things possibilities can happen 1. Super Normal Profit2. Normal Profits3. Losses
04/13/2023 12
Super Normal Profit
In the above fig. ABDC is the shaded area where the companyEarns super normal profit
Here,AR>AC
04/13/2023 13
Normal Profit
The above fig. says that the monopolist incurs no loss nor enjoys any profit
AR =AC
04/13/2023 14
Losses
AC > AR
In the above fig.PP1AN is the shaded area where it incurred losses
04/13/2023 15
Long Run Under MonopolyIn long run the monopolist always enjoys super normal profit
04/13/2023 16
Sources of MONOPOLY
1.Natural Source2.Exclusive Possession of technical
knowledge 3.Exclusive ownership of raw materials4.Legal Sources5.Economies at large scale6.Business Reputation7.Business combines8.Barriers to new comers
04/13/2023 17
How to Measure MONOPOLY Power ??
Three important Ways to measure monopolyPower
1. Tradition Measure
2. Lerner’s Measure
3. Triffin’s Measure
04/13/2023 18
Traditional Measure: If the demand of the commodity isInelastic the monopolist can charge a high price & can earnMaximum profit.
Lerner’s Measure: It’s the oldest measure which is being Devised by a formula. Degree of monopoly power = (P - MC)/P
Triffin’s Measure: It suggests the cross elasticity of demand between productsFormula: exy = Qx/Qx * Py/ .py
04/13/2023 19
Benefits of MONOPOLY:
1. Workers may benefit2. Growth of R & D3. Innovation & Growth initiation4. Economies of Scale & Scope5. Capability6. Risk Spreading7. Availability of Finance8. Incentives9. Contribution to Public Revenue