Module 3 2009

Mod 3

Entering roadway/Move to curbVision & PerceptionSpace management – Good habits

1. 1. Place Foot Firmly on Place Foot Firmly on Service BrakeService Brake

2. 2. Select Proper Gear Select Proper Gear - Overdrive, Drive, or Reverse

3. 3. Perform Traffic Checks Perform Traffic Checks - Forward, Rear, and Sides

4. 4. Apply Proper Signal Apply Proper Signal - Communicate Intentions

Entering Roadway TasksEntering Roadway Tasks

5.5. Release Parking BrakeRelease Parking Brake

6.6. Select Gap in Traffic FlowSelect Gap in Traffic Flow

7.7. Move to LaneMove to Lane

- Target Lane Position #1

- Release Service Brake

- Accelerate Gradually

- Steer to Center of Lane

Entering Roadway TasksEntering Roadway Tasks

3 feet

Lane Position #1Lane Position #1CENTER OF LANE

3 feet

Traffic ChecksTraffic Checks Front/Front/Rear/Sides

Proper SignalProper Signal

Target AheadTarget Ahead

Check Visual ReferenceCheck Visual Reference- for 6” from Curb

Side Mirror and/or Blind Side Mirror and/or Blind Area CheckArea Check

Moving to Curb/Side of RoadMoving to Curb/Side of Road

Moving to Curb/Side of RoadMoving to Curb/Side of Road

Adjust Speed Using Adjust Speed Using Controlled BrakingControlled Braking

Use Gradual SteeringUse Gradual Steering - Make Adjustments to

Align Visual Reference Points

Re-check TrafficRe-check Traffic

Cancel Signal IndicatorCancel Signal Indicator

• Control Rear Movement Control Rear Movement Gradually Release Brake PressureGradually Release Brake Pressure

• Move as Slowly as Possible Move as Slowly as Possible

• Accelerate GraduallyAccelerate Gradually

• Cover the Brake when NeededCover the Brake when Needed

• Steer in the Direction You Want to Steer in the Direction You Want to Go Using Reference Points to Go Using Reference Points to Establish Position Establish Position

BackingBacking

Bac

kin

gB

acki

ng

Top 2 Vision & Perception

Vision to read & identify distinct objects is called FOCAL vision and is usually about 3-5 degrees

Vision needed to judge depth & position is called CENTRAL vision and is between 30 -36 degrees

Peripheral vision is 175-185 degrees wide & is used to detect motion and color changes

Capacity of Visual FieldsCapacity of Visual Fields

Focus Vision

Central Vision

Peripheral Vision

Peripheral Vision

Motion and Color Changes

Focus Vision (Focal)

Visual Lead, Targeting, Signs, Signals

Central Vision (Limited Fringe Area)

Referencing, Path of Travel, Sightlines

T – 3.13

4. Vision

If a vehicle is approaching from the side, detect it’s motion using peripheral vision. Identify the type of vehicle using central vision. Finally, determine the make & model using focal vision

5. Good visual habits involve:

Involve establishing a path of travel with a targeted area 20 seconds ahead of the vehicle

This is called a VISUAL LEAD

6. When you are unable to see your targeted area, you should

Slow down!

Reduce speed

7. As speed increases…

Central & Peripheral vision decreases

Following intervals 2 Seconds…2 Seconds… Allows driver time to steer out

of problem areas at all listed speeds on a dry surface and stop before problem areas at speeds under 35 mph.

3 Seconds…3 Seconds… Allows driver time to steer out of problem areas at all listed speeds on dry surface and stop before problem areas at speeds to 45 mph.

4 Seconds…4 Seconds… Allows driver to steer out of problem areas at speeds up to 65 mph on dry surface and stop before problem areas at speeds to the legal limit of 65 mph.

Calculating Following intervals

One Thousand One

One Thousand Two

One Thousand Three

One Thousand Four

Time, Speed & Distance on dry surface

Vehicle Ft./Sec.

Speed Travel

Following Interval

2 Sec. 3 Sec. 4 Sec.

1/2 sec 3/4 sec Total

Steer Brake Brake

Dist. Dist. Dist.

30 mph 44 f/s 88 ft. 132 ft. 176 ft. 22 ft. 33 ft. 80 ft.





Mod 3 Topic 3 & 4Space management/Good habits

Process to manage time, space & visibility to reduce risk.

S.E.E.I.T.

Manage time & space!

S earch

E valuate

E xecute

i n

T ime

Space around your vehicle is described as either:

Open

Closed

Changing

What are the 3 potential hazards in this picture?

1) Pedestrians

2) Oncoming vehicle

3) Bicyclist

IndecisionIndecision

Correct DecisionCorrect Decision

Wrong DecisionWrong Decision

LP 4

Steer left to open space

Steer Right

Must make good, quick decisions. There is only one move to make!

When executing a decision to avoid a crash, you can do one of two things…

**Change speed

OR

**Change direction

Approaching an Intersection

Step 1 (Search) Identify Intersection Identify Controls Check Rear Areas Search for Intersection Risks

Step 2 (Evaluate) Scan Open Side Areas First Scan Closed Side Areas Look for Closed or Changing

Frontal Areas

Step 3 (Execute) Adjust Speed Maintain Lane Position or

Stop Behind Crosswalk Proceed Through Open

Space Area or Stop Behind the Crosswalk

Which will most likely lead to a crash?

Awareness LevelAwareness Level Performance LevelPerformance Level

HabitHabit

JudgmentJudgment

AcceptableAcceptable

AcceptableAcceptable

HabitHabit

JudgmentJudgment

UnacceptableUnacceptable

UnacceptableUnacceptable

Driver Driver

Top 4 driver errors that lead to a crash…(crash facts VA 2007)

1. Following too close

2. Failure to yield

3. Speeding

4. Improper lane change

Business

Module 3 2009