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Business strategy aims at supporting the vision of an enterprise,by paving the way to achieve it through goals that direct thestrategy’s execution. Aligning business strategy to system requirementsrequires explicit models from both business strategy and requirementsengineering. However, existing business strategy definition approachesare informal and their syntax is based on natural language, therefore,they cannot be used in model-driven alignment. An objective of ourresearch is to define a well-structured business strategy modeling language.In this paper, we propose a business strategy meta-model basedon Porter’s work on competition driven strategy and its extension byStabell and Fjeldstad. Our UML meta-model is formalized in Telos andOWL. An initial validation is performed by instantiating the meta-modelusing a case scenario.
Citation preview
Modeling Competition-Driven Business Strategy for Business IT Alignment
Busital 2011
Constantinos GiannoulisMichael Petit
Jelena Zdravkovic
Overview
Business-IT alignment; links to RE
Problem?
Our Goal & Purpose; towards a Unified Business Strategy Meta-Model (UBSMM)
Where we are today: Value Configuration
Future work
Business-IT Alignment
Business-IT Alignment Business strategy & IT
strategy
Fit between business needs and IS priorities
Long time commitment & planning with impact on IT planning
focused use of IT: improved performance
Strategy links to RE Context
Rationale for decisions
Resources
Decision making
Problem
System Development
RE (Early/Late)
Enterprise ModelsBusiness Strategy
Goal Models
Business-IT Alignment
INSTAL
B-SCP
GQM
Alignment methods are rooted in IT and not Strategic Management
o Critisized of being unrealistic and mechanistic
o Dynamic business vs static IT
No use of distinct business strategy methods but only liberal use
In RE a few informal mappings exist
Business strategy is unknown or unclear/ambiguous (understanding gap)
Our Goal
Build a unified meta-model for business strategy models (UBSMM) to support existing business strategy approaches towards Business-IT alignment;
Analyze the capabilities for linking UBSMM with languages for modeling system requirements to support alignment
Our Goal
System Development
RE (Early/Late)
Enterprise ModelsBusiness Strategy
Goal Models
Business-IT Alignment
INSTAL
SMBSC
B-SCP
GQM
Value Configuration
Blue Ocean
UBSMM
UBSMM: A meta-model with a pivot function that allows business strategy to be linked to enterprise models
Formalized with defined Semantics
Mapping between Business Strategy approaches & Goal Modeling techniques
Towards UBSMM
Business Strategy Meta-Models (Strategy Maps & Balance Scorecards, Value Configurations, Blue Ocean, etc.)
Formalization (OWL & Telos)
Concept Unification: UBSMM
Support alignment methods
Mappings to goal modeling notations (i*, KAOS, Tropos, etc.)
Validation via test cases
o How does UBSM support/improve alignments methods?)
o Mapping between strategy and development
Where we are today
Business Strategy formalization
Strategy Maps and Balanced Scorecards
o To UML meta-model
o To OWL & Telos
Value Configuration
o To UML meta-model
o To OWL & Telos
provides: consistency
correct instantiation
the process of formalizing raises unseen questions
properties & constraints are discovered
clear & unambiguous abstract syntax of our meta-model(s)
additional operations (model integration)
difusion and reusability
Value Configuration
The Value Chain
The Value Shop The Value Network
Value Activ ity Ty pe
PrimarySupportProductionInbound logistics...
<<enum>>
Constraints on activ ity ty pes: e.g. if the used ty pe is Production, then the ty pe "Primary " should also be used.
Constraints should apply on the ty pes of the v alue conf iguration activ ity used depending on the v alue conf iguration ty pes. For example, if the ty pe is Chain, then all activ ity used should be activ ities of ty pe corresponding to these of primary activ ities of a v alue chain.
LinkagesDriv er
Description : String...
Value Activ ity
Cost : LongValue : StringDescription : Stringf it-to-strategy : Boolean
0..n
1
+is_origin_of0..n
+has_origin1
1
0..n
+has_destination1
+is_destination_of0..nValue Conf iguration Ty pe
ChainShopNetwork
<<enum>>
Costumer ty pe
description : String
Price Range
description : String
Need ty pe
description : String
Theme
Actor
name : Stringmain : Boolean
1..*
1
+perf orms1..*
+perf ormed-by1
Value Conf iguration
Margin : StringDescription : Stringf it : {Order1, Order2, Order3}ty pe : {Chain, Shop, Network}
1..*
1
+includes1..*
+inf luences1
7..*1..*
+uses
7..*
+used-in
1..*
0..*
0..*
+is-ty pe-of 0..*
+is-of -ty pe0..*
Strategy
description : Stringty pe : GenericStrategy Ty pegoal : String1..* 1
+ref ined-into
1..*
+details
1 0..*
1+def ines
0..* +is-def ined-by
1
1
1
+bases-on
1
+implements1
Value Proposition
description : String...
1
1..*
1
1..*
1
1..*
1
1..*
11..*
11..*
1
1
+corresponds-to
1
+concerns
1
The Value Configuration Meta-model
The Value Configuration Meta-model Includes all main elements of the Value Chain, the
Value Shop, the Value Network
o Introduces explicitely fuzzy concepts such as fit, linkages, etc.
o Limitation: other fuzzy elements are yet to be included such as trade-offs
Separates classes and instances (application)
Constraints expressed in a structured manner
Formalization
Telos Expressiveness of
advanced constraints
Model checking supported by tools (conceptbase)
BUT cannot reason about the model and integrate others
OWL Supports integration
Establish rules for mappings (OMG)
Advanced reasoning
Widely accepted and used
BUT derivation is not supported
The Value Configuration meta-model in Telos
The Value Configuration meta-model in OWL
Value Configuration(Norwegian Police)
Captures the Strategic intent of the Police Investigation Unit
How does it create value
Aims at evaluating the intent
Value Configuration in OWL (Norwegian Police)
Value Configuration in Telos (Norwegian Police)
Future Work
Conceptualize & Formalize more business strategy approaches
Unify the existing models for UBSMM
Integrate more business strategy methods
Validate UBSMM with cases
Map and evaluate how UBSMM can support/complement alignement methods
Map and evaluate how goal modeling languages (i*, KAOS, BMM, etc.) can express business strategy using UBSMM
Questions?
Constantinos Giannoulis
o http://constantinos.blogs.dsv.su.se/
Jelena Zdravkovic
o http://jelena.blogs.dsv.su.se/
Michaël Petit
o http://www.fundp.ac.be/universite/personnes/page_view/01002983/
