RESEARCH POSTER PRESENTATION DESIGN © 2012

www.PosterPresentations.com

• With advances in technology, Experience Sampling Method (ESM) has seen resurgence in utilization as a method for collecting data on everyday, momentary experiences, transitioning from its original beeper, pencil, and paper form into mobile-technology-based platforms (Csikszentmihalyi & Larson, 1977; Nielsen & Cleal, 2010; To, Fisher, Ashkanasy, & Rowe, 2012).

• It has not been until recently that ESM has been considered as a possible tool to be used as an intervention (Williams & Scott, 1988; Newman, Kenardy, Herman, & Barr, 1997; Heron & Smyth, 2010; Telford, McCarthy-Jones, Corcoran, & Rowse, 2012).

• Current research utilizing mobile-based ESM as an intervention has focused on the application of bringing mentally and physically unhealthy individuals back to a state of normalcy (Newman et al., 1997; Depp et al., 2010; Heron & Smyth, 2010); however, a dearth of research exists on mobile-based ESM’s use as a positive behavioral intervention technology (BIT) to promote optimal functioning.

• Developmental Readiness (DR)- “the motivation and ability to attend to, make meaning of, and appropriate new knowledge into one’s long-term structures” (Avolio & Hannah, 2009)

OverviewParticipants & Procedure: A sample of graduate students and working professionals (N = 47, 20

women, 26 men, 1 declined to respond, Mage = 29.8 years, age range: 18-63) participated in a 1 week mobile-based experience sampling method study where they were pinged 6 pings a day to fill out a short survey. At the end of the week, subjects completed a different survey to assess their overall experience with the technology and the study, as well as their personality and trait-like characteristics. Subjects initially participated solely to provide data for class research project with no intentions of using the mobile-based technology for development.

Research Questions: 1) What type of people (if any) will see mobile-based ESM as an opportunity to personally develop? 2) Will those higher in creative self-efficacy view mobile- based ESM as a novel opportunity to learn about oneself?

Measures - End of Week Survey:• Usability of Technology (Brooke, 1996) (α = .87)

• Creative Self-Efficacy (Tierney & Farmer, 2002) (α = .73)

• Opportunity for Development (α = .87) (self-awareness, self-knowledge, curiosity, intention to make behavioral change)

• Metacognitive Awareness Inventory (Schraw & Dennison, 1994) (regulation of cognition dimension- abridged: information management, monitoring of goals, planning)

• End of Day Survey:• “I felt creative today” 5-pt Likert (as a proxy for a more state-like creative self-efficacy).

• On average very slightly experienced an opportunity for development(M = 4.57, SD =1.24, min = 1.00, max = 6.75

• Controlling for age and sex, usability (b =.744, t = 4.04, p < .001) and creative day (b =.854, t = 4.28, p < .001) best predicted opportunity for development.

• Creative self-efficacy, monitoring, and information management significantly moderate the relationship between usability and opportunity for development.

Results

Who is Developmentally Ready?

(Avolio & Hannah, 2009)

• Those who are confident in their abilities to engage in creative processes and feel as if they are acting creatively, those who focus on the significance and meaning of new information, and those who reflect on their progress towards meeting personal goals are all more likely to recognize mobile-based ESM and self-tracking as a unique opportunity for development.

References

Acknowledgements• I would like to thank Vanessa Kettering, Dr. Jeanne

Nakamura, & Dr. Mike Csikszentmihalyi for their guidance along the way.

• To examine the process-based potential of mobile-based ESM as an “accidental” developmental tool, taking a developmental readiness perspective.

• To examine creative self-efficacy as a developmental readiness factor.

Jeff Fajans – jeffrey.fajans@cgu.edu , 214-766-3908

Mobile-based Experience Sampling Method as an "Accidental" Developmental Tool: A Developmental Readiness Perspective

Objectives

Method

Creative Self- Efficacy Monitoring Goals Info Management

Why is this Important?

• Mobile-based ESM as a low-cost, yet potentially viable method of inducing positive emotional, cognitive, and behavioral change.

• Added benefits are that it could be implemented to collect aggregate data in the workplace, classroom, or health institution in conjunction with the potential benefits of personal development for those who are developmentally ready.

• Self-Experimentation Capacity Building and Quantified Coaching (Fajans & Spurlin, 2013) using mobile-ESM as viable positive-psychology based intervention.

Contact

Avolio, B. J., & Hannah, S. T. (2009). Leader developmental readiness. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 2, 284-287.Brooke, J. (1996). “SUS: a ‘quick and dirty’ usability scale”. In P. W. Jordan, B. Thomas, B. A. Weerdmeester, & A. L. McClelland. Usability Evaluation in Industry. London: Taylor and Francis.Heron, K. E., & Smyth, J. M. (2010). Ecological momentary interventions: Incorporating mobile technology into psychosocial and health behavior treatments. British Journal of Health Psychology, 15, 1-39.Telford, C., McCarthy-Jones, S., Corcoran, R., & Rowse, G. (2012). Experience sampling methodology studies of depression: The state of the art. Psychological Medicine, 42(6), 1119-1129.Tierney, P., & Farmer, S. M. (2002). Creative self-efficacy: Potential antecedents and relationship to creative performance. Academy of Management Journal, 45, 1137-1148.

Jeff Fajans