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Australian correctional systems
and prison populations
Matthew Willis
Overview
• Trends in Australian prison populations
• Planning:
• things that are reasonably predictable
• things that are rather less predictable
Prisoners in Australia: 2000-2015
21714 22458 2249223555 24171
25353 2579027224 27615
29317 29700 29106 2938130775
33791
36134
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Nu
mb
er
Source: ABS Prisoners in Australia
Rate of imprisonment, Australia: 2000-2015
150.2 153.0 150.8 155.5 157.2164.2 165.1
171.1 169.8176.0 175.0
168.8 167.4 172.2
185.6195.8
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Ra
te p
er
10
0,0
00
po
pu
lati
on
Source: ABS Prisoners in Australia
Northern
Territory
Queensland
New South Wales
Victoria
Tasmania
South Australia
Western Australia
ACT
Some key changes
• Female prisoners
• Indigenous prisoners
• Unsentenced prisoners
Changes to imprisonment rates 2006-2015
34.6
18.8
35.6
17.4
77.4
29.4
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Perc
en
t
Female
Male
Indigenous
Non-Indigenous
Unsentenced
Sentenced
Source: ABS Prisoners in Australia
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Nu
mb
er
2006
2015
Female prisoners by MSO, 2006 and 2015
Imprisonment rates by Indigenous status 2006-2015
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Rate
Indigenous
Non-Indigenous
Source: ABS Prisoners in Australia
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
40,000
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Sentenced
Unsentenced
Total
Prisoners by legal status 2006-2015
Changes to imprisonment rates 2006-2015
34.6
18.8
35.6
17.4
77.4
29.4
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Perc
en
t
Female
Male
Indigenous
Non-Indigenous
Unsentenced
Sentenced
Source: ABS Prisoners in Australia
Planning?
Some things we can plan fairly well…
Health and ageing
827
434514
103
245
29 17 0
1388
885
662
362
518
64142
42
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
NSW Vic Qld SA WA Tas NT ACT
2004
2014
Prisoners aged 50 years and over, 2004 and 2014
67.8103.9
28.8
251.5
111.4 120.7
735.3
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
NSW Vic Qld SA WA Tas NT
Perc
en
t
Prisoners aged 50 years and over, percentage change
2004-2014
96
7383
0
33
0 0
237
176
115
6981
189 6
0
50
100
150
200
250
NSW Vic Qld SA WA Tas NT ACT
2004
2014
Prisoners aged 65 years and over, 2004 and 2014
Implications for design and management
• Ease of access and mobility
• Specialist nursing staff and facilities
• Segregation
• Programs and activities
• Post-release
Technology
Issues for technology
• Access to information
• legal, education, rehabilitation, current affairs
• Better use of time in cells
• Effective and appropriate communication
• Vocational benefits
• Security
Infrastructure (existing)
• Planned maintenance
• Some foreseeable capacity issues
• Security
improvements
• Programs and
services
Planning?
Some things not so well…
High profile events
Legislative change
Court decisions
Police priorities
Conclusions
• There will always be change
• Prepare around what you can plan for
• Have the capacity to respond to what you cannot
