Madagascar Final

Slide 1

A Continent Forgotten

MADAGASCARA country defined by culture

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OverviewIsland nation off the coast of Africa

About the same size as Texas

4th largest island & 46th largest country

Population 20 million

Capital City : Antananarivo (2 million)

+3 Greenwich Mean Time (9-10 hours ahead of Chicago)

C:\Users\Quad64\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\Temporary Internet Files\Content.IE5\VVCV30TS\MCj01288670000[1].wmfC:\Users\Quad64\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\Temporary Internet Files\Content.IE5\5A3U8Y0Y\MCj01617320000[1].wmfMadagascar is an island nation in the Indian Ocean off the coast of Africa that is about the size of Texas. It is the fourth largest island in the world, and the 46th largest country. Madagascar became an island when plate tectonics separated it from India over one hundred million years ago [11]. Madagascar has a population of more than twenty million. The capital and largest city is Antananarivo, which has a population of two million people. Madagascar has three-thousand miles of coastline, this compares to the United States Atlantic Coastline including the Gulf of Mexico. Madagascars time zone is three hours ahead of Greenwich meantime; compared to the United States Central Time Zone which is six hours behind GMT. So the U.S. time is nine to ten hours behind Madagascar time (depending on Day Light Savings Time) [8].

BiodiversityHome to 5% of the world plants and animal species

80% of the animals are unique to the island

70 varieties of lemurs

The Worlds #1 conservation priority

Undiscovered species are going extinct before scientist can identify them

C:\Users\Quad64\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\Temporary Internet Files\Content.IE5\VVCV30TS\MCj00841280000[1].wmfC:\Users\Quad64\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\Temporary Internet Files\Content.IE5\GECBVZ15\MCj03302290000[1].wmfMadagascar is like nowhere else in the world, its home to 5% of the worlds plant and animal species. An estimated 80 percent of the animals on Madagascar do not occur naturally anywhere else on earth. Half of the world's chameleons and all species of lemurs live here. They are joined by whole families of plants, insects, birds, mammals, reptiles and frogs that are exclusive to this island. Madagascar boasts over 70 varieties of lemurs, including one that sounds like a police siren, they also have the worlds biggest and smallest chameleons, and its the last stomping ground of the elephant bird, the largest bird that ever lived. Unfortunately, widespread soil erosion and deforestation have led to the desertification of the island. Madagascar is regarded as the worlds number one conservation priority; species are going extinct before scientists can even identify them [19].

Malawi_farmer in Kasungu_poor harvest.JPGCultureMadagascar is VERY different from their African neighbors!

Cultural intricacies are shaped by

Ancestry

Politics

Very conservative social values

Not only is Madagascar an island full of exotic plants and animals, but it is also home to a very diverse human population. Madagascar is very different and unique from its African neighbors. The cultural intricacies are shaped by ancestry, politics, and highly conservative social values [4].

HistoryFormer French colony

Independence, June 26, 1960

Mid 1800s American pirates brought

Rice

Pepper

Vanilla

C:\Users\Quad64\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\Temporary Internet Files\Content.IE5\VVCV30TS\MCPE07090_0000[1].wmfC:\Users\Quad64\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\Temporary Internet Files\Content.IE5\GECBVZ15\MCBD05735_0000[1].wmfMadagascar is a former French colony that received its independence on June 26, 1960. Madagascar served as important transoceanic trading port for east Africa. In the mid 1800s it is believed an American pirate brought the Malagasy people rice, pepper, and vanilla [7].

FoodRice is the main part of the Malagasy diet

Meals eaten on the floor

3-4 servings, followed by dessert

No drinks or appetizers are served

Hierarchal sitting, serving and eating order

C:\Users\Quad64\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\Temporary Internet Files\Content.IE5\VVCV30TS\MPj04021980000[1].jpgRice is the most important part of the Malagasy diet. Rice paddies are located all over the island. Natives have developed dozens of preparatory techniques. Traditional Malagasy meals are ate sitting on the floor. The food items are served on a single plate and eaten with a spoon. The meal is eaten hot and is not accompanied by drinks or appetizers of any kind. The traditional meal consists of 3 to 4 dishes and the meal ends with a dessert, generally made from fruits and vanilla. In most Malagasy households members of the family are seated, served, and begin eating according to their age starting with the oldest first and the youngest last. The father or grandfather will sit in the most prominent seat in the most north easterly corner, this is known as the noble corner. Failure to honor this rank and order is considered very disrespectful [10]

TaboosFady, or Food Taboos forbid eating:Pork

Eels

Sea Turtles

Cows without horns

C:\Users\Quad64\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\Temporary Internet Files\Content.IE5\VVCV30TS\MCj04241340000[1].wmfC:\Users\Quad64\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\Temporary Internet Files\Content.IE5\GECBVZ15\MCj04174840000[1].wmfC:\Users\Quad64\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\Temporary Internet Files\Content.IE5\GECBVZ15\MCj04241200000[1].wmfMalagasy culture is full of traditional rituals, magic, mystical waterfalls, animals and some material objects with supernatural powers. Everyday life in Madagascar is regulated by numerous taboos. The most common taboos are called fady, or food taboos. These tend to be passed down from generation to generation. These taboos forbid eating pork, eel, sea turtles, and cows without horns [10]

AncestryTwo sub-groups

Indonesian descent

African descent

Ancestors are worshiped like gods

Elders posses powers because they are closer to the afterlife

C:\Users\Quad64\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\Temporary Internet Files\Content.IE5\VVCV30TS\MCj03329000000[1].wmfC:\Users\Quad64\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\Temporary Internet Files\Content.IE5\GECBVZ15\MCj03644980000[1].wmfC:\Users\Quad64\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\Temporary Internet Files\Content.IE5\GECBVZ15\MCj04075840000[1].wmfThe inhabitants of Madagascar fall into two sub groupsthose largely of Indonesian descent and those principally of African descent. Malagasy identify themselves in large part by their ancestry. Early Malagasy society was divided into cast groups: nobles (andriana), commoners (hova), and slaves (mainty and andevo). Today living royalty is still a highly valued form of social prestige. However, their power is limited to the local social sphere, while political power and authority is managed by state appointed functionaries. The Malagasy have an unusually deep respect for their ancestors; in which their ancestors are looked upon as gods. Elders possess greater life giving power (hasina), than the young, not only by virtue of their maturity and experience but also because they are perceived as closer to the afterlife and thus share in part of their power [10].

ReligionAll religions are influenced by less traditional cultural beliefs that are unique to the island

52% Traditional Tribal beliefs

41% Christians

7% Islamic

C:\Users\Quad64\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\Temporary Internet Files\Content.IE5\VVCV30TS\MPj04412460000[1].jpgC:\Users\Quad64\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\Temporary Internet Files\Content.IE5\OSTAK1JG\MCj04124580000[1].wmfThe government of Madagascar provides the freedom of religion and respects the rituals of the various Madagascar religions. All Malagasy religions are influenced by certain less traditional, cultural beliefs that are unique to the island. According to a recent survey 52% of the population abides by the traditional tribal beliefs, 41% are Christians and the remaining 7% of the population are Islamic [8].

LanguageMalagasy and French are the National Languages

Malagasy is the daily spoken language by 98% of the population

French is used in formal situations or with outsiders

C:\Users\Quad64\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\Temporary Internet Files\Content.IE5\YUX0VU8Q\MPj04365770000[1].jpgMadagascars language, Malagasy, is of Malayo-Polynesian origin. French is also prominent, spoken among the educated population. Malagasy and French are both official languages of Madagascar. Malagasy is the daily language spoken by 98% of the population; while French is spoken more in informal situations, or when speaking with outsiders [8].

C:\Users\Quad64\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\Temporary Internet Files\Content.IE5\VVCV30TS\MPj04394220000[1].jpgEducation80% of the population can read and write

Free and compulsory age 6-14

School system structure is similar to the U.S.

Secondary school is completed by age 18

About 80% of Madagascars population aged fifteen and over can read and write. The level of education varies depending upon the geographic region. The upper class often sends their children to France for their education. Meanwhile, those who remain go to mandatory schooling from ages 6-14. Also similar to the U.S., Malagasy children who dont drop out will complete their senior secondary school by age 18 [8].

Business CultureSomewhat formal, but friendly and approachable

Family Harmony (Fihavanana) can make things unpredictable

C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Office\MEDIA\CAGCAT10\j0149481.wmfThe business culture of the Malagasy people is very friendly and approachable. Business is somewhat formal, but decision making is often unpredictable. Maintaining family harmony (fihavanana) is central to the Malagasy culture, and is a critical aspect of their decision making process. Maintaining family harmony often leads to uneconomic business decisions. What is taken for granted, assumed, or just make sense in our culture may not even be up for consideration by a Malagasy business partner [18].

Business DressMEN:Light weight suits

Slacks and a collared shirt

Women: Conservative, stylish

Skirts (cut below the knee)

Dress pants (loose fitting)

Blouses (loose fitting, not low cut, and not sleeveless)

C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Office\MEDIA\CAGCAT10\j0186348.wmfC:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Office\MEDIA\CAGCAT10\j0292020.wmfMen should wear light weight suits, or slacks with a short or long sleeved collared shirt. Women should wear conservative yet stylish conservative skirts, dress pants, and blouses. Women should avoid skirts that are cut above the knee, closely fit clothing, and sleeveless or low cut blouses. Men and women should both avoid wearing flashy expensive looking accessories, for safety and modesty. Additionally, more casual attire like jeans and shorts should not be worn in front of business acquaintances [3].

Titles and Business CardsAvoid using first names

Mr. (mister) = Monsieur

Mrs. (misses)= Madame

Ms. (miss) =Mademoiselle

Most businessmen do not have business cards!

C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Office\MEDIA\CAGCAT10\j0234687.gifAvoid using first names unless specifically asked to do so. In Madagascar Misters should be addressed as Monsieur, Misses as Madame, and Miss as Mademoiselle. Additionally, doctors are Dokotera. Most businessmen do not have business cards, so there are no cultural rituals governing their exchange. Unless you think theyre anticipating one, you may be better off exchanging information by hand the old fashion way[3].

MeetingsBe on time for all meetings!

In the city meetings start 20 minutes late

Anywhere outside the city expect meetings to start 2 hours late!

Outside the capital people go by Malagasy time (Fotoona Gasy)

C:\Users\Quad64\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\Temporary Internet Files\Content.IE5\C6321D03\MPj04385980000[1].jpgC:\Users\Quad64\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\Temporary Internet Files\Content.IE5\C6321D03\MCj04127720000[1].wmfAs a visitor, a guest, and an outsider you are expected to be on time for all meetings being late is considered unacceptable and rude. If your meeting is in the capital city be prepared to wait at least twenty minutes for local businessmen to arrive. Anywhere outside of the capital is on Malagasy time (Fotoona Gasy) most people, even businessmen do not where a watch and go by the suns position in the sky, or on cloudy days their instincts [18]. Waiting for two hours or longer is common place in these situations; however, your punctuality and patience is expected [3].

Negotiating in the MarketYou will be quoted at least double the real price

Some will not negotiate

Dont expect to pay the same price locals pay

C:\Users\Quad64\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\Temporary Internet Files\Content.IE5\I4PGN514\MMj03034810000[1].gifIf you are not Malagasy it will be obvious, and it will be assumed that you are wealthy. You will be given a price that is at least double the real price. Some merchants will not haggle with you for a cheaper price. Merchants will show you more respect and you can increase their willingness to haggle by attempting to communicate with them in Malagasy. If you are willing to haggle and speak Malagasy it is customary to act overly disgusted with their first asking price. You should counter with an offer of half their initial price. This can be a slow process but is usually considered fun and a socially bonding experience by both sides. If you manage to get 25-50% off of their initial price then you have done well. Do not expect to pay the same prices you may see locals pay [3].

Negotiating in businessMost important thing is to have patience

Avoid vague terms

Ask for a tour

Most will give you their best offer the first time

C:\Users\Quad64\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\Temporary Internet Files\Content.IE5\5JQNUN6M\MPj04384780000[1].jpgThe most important thing in the business setting is to have patience. Even for seemingly minor decisions, or lucrative generous offers the Malagasy businessman will want to talk it over with his family. It is rude and likely counterproductive to suggest a time table for this to occur. Generally a weeks time is sufficient. After this initial step time table commitments can be negotiated. It is particularly important in Madagascar to avoid vague terms when discussing productivity. Malagasy business men sometimes unknowingly overstate their capabilities this is due to their pride, and partially to their lack of comprehension to the scale of production that most U.S. companies are accustomed to in International business arrangements. It is customary to ask for a tour of their operations in these circumstances. In most cases negotiations in the business setting are much more straight forward compared to the market. Most businessmen will work with you to find a way to meet your requirements while still turning a modest profit. However, younger businessmen, and foreigners are likely to haggle a bit before giving you their best offer [3].

BribesGovernment officials have ultimate power

A cash donation is expected for their troubles

Refusing to be charitable can result in:

Denial of license w/o cause

Consistently loosing paperwork!

C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Office\MEDIA\CAGCAT10\j0300840.wmfC:\Users\Quad64\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\Temporary Internet Files\Content.IE5\GECBVZ15\MCj04395910000[1].pngIf you need anything from a government official or ministry a cash donation is expected for their troubles. The amount varies wildly but most officials arent shy about letting you know their expectations. For enthusiasm, expedited service, or future cooperation a 10-20% increase in their requested amount can go a long ways. It is a good idea to ask around to get a ballpark idea of the going rate for particular services. If the amount suggested is in the ball park it is not a good idea to negotiate. The various ministries have ultimate power with little to no oversight and can deny licensure, or consistently loose paper work with no repercussions [18].

Gift GivingConsidered inappropriate in the business setting

Gifts can be wrapped or unwrapped

Thoughtfulness counts most!

Birthdays are generally not celebrated!

C:\Users\Quad64\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\Temporary Internet Files\Content.IE5\5A3U8Y0Y\MCj04402610000[1].wmfC:\Users\Quad64\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\Temporary Internet Files\Content.IE5\OSTAK1JG\MCj04382450000[1].wmfGifts giving is considered inappropriate and will not be accepted in a formal business setting. In other more personal settings most Malagasy people are very appreciative and believe it is the thoughtfulness that counts most. Gifts can be wrapped or unwrapped and have no social protocols. For celebrations like weddings, and baptisms money is the most appropriate gift, the amount dependant on how close you are to the family. If you will be staying with a host family it is in good taste to get a gift for the family or the husband and wife. A cheap novelty gift, place mats, or candy are all thats necessary to show your gratitude. It is recommended to carry a stash of small trinkets or candy with you to give out to both children and adults. These are very helpful when asking for directions or asking for any other type of assistance. One should also be aware that despite their respect for elders most Malagasy people especially outside of the capital do not celebrate their birthdays. This is not because they dont want to; it is just uncommon for them to know the actual date of their birth. However, most will know about how old they are [3].

C:\Users\Quad64\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\Temporary Internet Files\Content.IE5\GECBVZ15\MCj04375210000[1].wmfGreetingsMen and Women should both shake hands

Shake with your Right Hand

While holding your Right Arm below the Elbow with your Left Hand

It is customary for men and women to shake hands with their right hand while the left hand holds the right arm below the elbow [3].

C:\Users\Quad64\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\Temporary Internet Files\Content.IE5\5A3U8Y0Y\MCj03983830000[1].wmfCommunication StylesVery Direct and to the point

They will tell you exactly the way things are!

Malagasy people tend to be very direct and to the point, they will tell you exactly the way things are [3].

Personal SpaceVery little space between business colleagues

Even less between friends and family

Its rude to move away, unless youre visibly ill

C:\Users\Quad64\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\Temporary Internet Files\Content.IE5\5A3U8Y0Y\MCj01572150000[1].wmfC:\Users\Quad64\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\Temporary Internet Files\Content.IE5\OSTAK1JG\MCj04257960000[1].wmfThere is very little personal space between business colleagues, and even less between friends and family. The only semi acceptable excuse for increased personal space is if you are visibly showing signs of illness. Otherwise moving away from someone is viewed as a sign of dislike, or discomfort.

C:\Users\Quad64\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\Temporary Internet Files\Content.IE5\OSTAK1JG\MCj02959150000[1].wmfTouchingWhen having a conversation its common to touch:

Arms

Shoulders

Elbows

In the business setting there is less touching between opposite sexes

C:\Users\Quad64\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\Temporary Internet Files\Content.IE5\GECBVZ15\MCj03102420000[1].wmfIt is common to touch arms, shoulders, and elbows when having a conversation with someone. There is less of this if the two people are of opposite sexes and its in a business environment [3].

Eye ContactLike in the U.S. making eye contact is okay!

Just DONT Stare, its rude!

C:\Users\Quad64\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\Temporary Internet Files\Content.IE5\VVCV30TS\MCj04377970000[1].wmfC:\Users\Quad64\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\Temporary Internet Files\Content.IE5\GECBVZ15\MCj04298070000[1].wmfEye contact is okay as long as its not for a long period of time. Just like in the U.S. staring is considered rude [3].

Gender IssuesWomen should be stern when rejecting local men!

Businesswomen shouldn't drink in public

C:\Users\Quad64\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\Temporary Internet Files\Content.IE5\GECBVZ15\MCj01521650000[1].wmfC:\Users\Quad64\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\Temporary Internet Files\Content.IE5\GECBVZ15\MCj01521590000[1].wmfC:\Users\Quad64\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\Temporary Internet Files\Content.IE5\OSTAK1JG\MCj03291590000[1].wmfLocal women typically take care of the household, raise the children, and take care of financial issues. However, foreign women are not treated any different than foreign males, especially in the business setting. Women should be prepared for local men to be forward inquiring about their relationship status. If a woman is not interested they need to be upfront, blunt, and stern and tell them that they are not interested. Otherwise it may seem like you are flirting and playing hard to get and they will continue flirting. Malagasy men are more forward than the women and the women are expected to play hard to get. It is acceptable for men to drink in public; however, women who do so may be looked at unfavorably by some. It is also common for Malagasy men to have more than one girlfriend even after marriage; this is not the same for women [3].

GesturesIts OK to POINT, with your index finger

But make sure your finger is bent

C:\Users\Quad64\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\Temporary Internet Files\Content.IE5\OSTAK1JG\MCj00787100000[1].wmfC:\Users\Quad64\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\Temporary Internet Files\Content.IE5\VVCV30TS\MCj00787330000[1].wmfC:\Users\Quad64\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\Temporary Internet Files\Content.IE5\OSTAK1JG\MCj00787090000[1].wmfIt is acceptable to point at things with your index finger, but one must make sure to keep the finger bent inwards. Pointing your index finger outstretched is considered offensive [3].

Business HoursMonday-Friday

Morning

8am to 12

Lunch

12 to 2pm

Afternoon

2pm till 4-ish

C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Office\MEDIA\CAGCAT10\j0234131.wmfC:\Users\Quad64\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\Temporary Internet Files\Content.IE5\5A3U8Y0Y\MCj04298710000[1].wmfBusiness offices, post offices and banks are normally open from 8am to noon and 2pm to 3.30pm or 4pm weekdays. Most shops are also open until 5.30pm or 6pm on weekdays and 8am to noon on Saturday. Most restaurants are open from noon to 2pm for lunch, and from about 6.30pm to 8pm for dinner [3]. Many businessmen go home and eat lunch with their family and often return a bit later than 2:00 pm [18].

Agricultural based

Leading Exports

Vanilla

Shellfish

Sugar

Textiles

Chromites

Petroleum

C:\Users\Quad64\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\Temporary Internet Files\Content.IE5\GECBVZ15\MCj02957700000[1].wmf85% Live at the poverty level, living on less than $2 a day

EconomyThe economy of Madagascar is overwhelmingly agricultural although it has also recently started relying on tourism. Its leading exports are coffee, vanilla, shellfish, sugar, textiles, chromites, and petroleum products. Their main trade partners are France, the United States, and China. Madagascar relies heavily upon assistance from members of the European Union and international agencies. 85% of the population lives at the poverty level of $2 a day. Madagascar is the world's largest producer and exporter of vanilla and accounts for about half the world's export market. They have a very lucrative contract with Coca-Cola, providing most of their vanilla and some of their sugar [6].

MoneyLocal currency: MGA Malagasy Ariary

Most banks and ATMs only accept Visa

ATMs have a $200 withdraw limit

Currency exchanged at banks or the airport

C:\Users\Quad64\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\Temporary Internet Files\Content.IE5\5A3U8Y0Y\MCj03102320000[1].wmfC:\Users\Quad64\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\Temporary Internet Files\Content.IE5\OSTAK1JG\MCj04247840000[1].wmfCurrency is the Malagasy Ariary NON DECIMAL There are ATMs in the capital and some major towns. However, most only accept Visa and only allow a $200 withdraw limit. Credit cards are useless outside of the airport and some banks. Most banks will exchange travelers checks and cash in major currencies. The foreign-exchange counter at Ivato airport has exchange rates that are just as good as those at the banks, and is more convenient [3].

PoliticsInstability began in 2001s presidential election

Both candidates declared a win

Two rival capital cities until 2005

The new president and a newly elected mayor of the capital city were at odds

Newly elected mayor threw the president out of office, and it is now his

March, 2009 elected president acknowledges the coup

Madagascars Government has been going through a period of instability since the 2001 elections. In the 2001 presidential elections the results were contested. Both candidates declared themselves winners and setup rival capitals. 5 years later after the re-count the incumbent president stepped down. The new president won reelection and supported the incumbent mayoral candidate for the capital city. When his candidate lost there were hard feelings which lead to protests between the new mayor of the city and the president. The president declared martial law, handing over power to the military to put down the social unrest. The military simply gave the power over to the more popular mayor making him the new president albeit in an unconventional way. The elected president acknowledged this coop on March 19 2009 although the legitimacy of this transfer of power, a jump from mayor to president is questioned by the international community [1].

What to know before visitingPhysical harassment and crime are very rare

Women travelers can feel very safe

Men travelers may be harassed by hordes of prostitutes

C:\Users\Quad64\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\Temporary Internet Files\Content.IE5\OSTAK1JG\MCj01285600000[1].wmfMadagascar is a fairly safe country however you should be cautious walking around at night. It is not recommended to travel with children to Madagascar. Disposable diapers are available in Antananarivos supermarkets, but are non-existent everywhere else. Most women do not feel threatened or insecure in any way when travelling in Madagascar. Physical harassment and violent crime are very rare. Male travelers face far more pestering from the hordes of prostitutes who frequent nightclubs [7].

C:\Users\Quad64\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\Temporary Internet Files\Content.IE5\VVCV30TS\MCj03474450000[1].wmfHealthAIDS only affects one half of 1% of the population

Malaria

Rabies

Plague

C:\Users\Quad64\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\Temporary Internet Files\Content.IE5\GECBVZ15\MCj04343850000[1].wmfC:\Users\Quad64\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\Temporary Internet Files\Content.IE5\5A3U8Y0Y\MCj04338240000[1].pngThe standards of healthcare throughout Madagascar are well below U.S. standards. An amazing example of this is that 49% of births are not attended by a skilled healthcare professional. Unlike many of their neighboring African countries the prevalence of AIDS in Madagascar is very low. HIV AIDS affects only one half of one percent of the adult population compared to the U.S. at one third of 1% 15-49 years old. The U.S. State Department warns travelers about widespread malaria, rabies, and the plague. They also recommend travelers bring their own bottled water due to poor sanitary standards [17].

Traveling by seaYou can travel by cargo ship, or if youre lucky a yacht!

Limited Sleep

Poor eating conditions

Turbulent Seas

C:\Users\Quad64\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\Temporary Internet Files\Content.IE5\VVCV30TS\MCj04136260000[1].wmfC:\Users\Quad64\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\Temporary Internet Files\Content.IE5\5A3U8Y0Y\MCj04136080000[1].wmfYou can get to Madagascar by boat; however, you will need plenty of patience and determination. The best bet is to try to hitch a ride on a cargo ship, unless youre able to get really lucky and find a ride on a yacht as a crew member. The best places to hitch on a Cargo ship is Mombasa, Kenya, or on the island of Zanzibar. If you want to try your luck finding passage on a yacht the best place to look is the coasts of South Africa. One should be prepared for limited sleep and possibly poor eating conditions. Add to that the likelihood of turbulent seas and one can really appreciate Madagascars recent commitments to safety standards and modest upgrades that make coming by sea a much less favorable choice [7].

Traveling by airInternational Flights arrive at Ivato

Round Trip Tickets for today out of OHare = $2,875

C:\Users\Quad64\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\Temporary Internet Files\Content.IE5\5A3U8Y0Y\MCj04242060000[1].wmfInternational flights into Madagascar arrive at Ivato, which is seven miles north of the capital Antananarivo. Thanks to recent improvements to service, it is now relatively efficient and much safer than what it used to be just a few years ago. The cheapest way to get to Madagascar from the U.S. is through Paris [7]. After thoroughly researching airline fares we were able to find on expedia.com the best deal of $2,875.20 for a round trip flight from Chicagos OHare airport to Ivato airport in Madagascar. The fairs offered varied wildly with the most expensive search resulting in a quote of more than ten thousand dollars. It also should be noted that even though the actual destination is Ivato which is seven miles north of Antananarivo the bookings actually list the arrival city as Antananarivo, with an airport code of TNR. [See supplemental attachment]

U.S. v. Madagascar

RecommendationsConservation issues

Political instability

Corruption

Unpredictable business practices

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Third level

Fourth level

Fifth level





Second level

Third level

Fourth level

Fifth level


Second level

Third level

Fourth level

Fifth level

4/16/2009

4/16/2009


Third level

Fourth level

Fifth level


4/16/2009

4/16/2009


Third level

Fourth level

Fifth level

4/16/2009

4/16/2009


Third level

Fourth level

Fifth level




Second level

Third level

Fourth level

Fifth level

4/16/2009

4/16/2009


Third level

Fourth level

Fifth level


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4/16/2009

4/16/2009


Third level

Fourth level

Fifth level



Second level

Third level

Fourth level

Fifth level

4/16/2009

4/16/2009


Third level

Fourth level

Fifth level



Second level

Third level

Fourth level

Fifth level

4/16/2009

4/16/2009


Third level

Fourth level

Fifth level