Lhd

LHD - load haulage damp

Bucket size : from 0,5 to 8,4 m3

Optimal tramming distance : 150 - 400 mYield : 300 - 800 t/shift

Mucking by LHD

Loading by Slusher



Mucking by Slusher



Mucking and loading by overhead loader

Bucket size : from 0,125 to 1 m3

Container size : 1 to 5 m3

Optimal tramming distance : 5 - 20 mTechnical Yield : 20 - 60 t/hour

Mucking and loading by vibrating feeder

Technical Yield : 20 - 60 t/hourMinimal ore reserve : 100 000 t

Haulage by track

Capacity : from 6 to 60 t ; Tramming distance : 500 à 1000 m

Track loading

Loading by vibrating feeder

Loading by LHD

Loading by hydraulic shovel

Haulage by train

Haulage by train

Locomotive 18 tonnes, wagons of 7.5 m3 , Kiruna : 500 t by train

Wagon loading

Loading by vibrating feeder

Loading by LHD

Loading by overhead loader

Conveyer belt transport

Scaling Machine

Bolting

Bolt installation

mechanized manual

Cost of loading

ton/$,P

CC

average

hour

load

where : Cload - operating cost of loading in $ per tonne of rock ;Chour - hourly operating cost of the equipment in $ per hour ;Paverage - average production rate of the equipment in tonnes per hour.

Production rate of loading

hr/t,jtimecycle

cyclepertonsP

where : Q - bucket size, m3 ; - ore density, t/ m3 ;ffill - bucket filling factor ;fswelling=1.1 to 1.5 - swelling factor ;D - one way tramming distance in meters ;v - average speed over the cycle in kilometers per hour ;tfix - fixed cycle time (load, damp, maneuver) in minutes ;j = 50 min - operating minutes per hour to account for delays in

minutes;

cycle/t,f

fQcyclepertons

swelling

fill

min,t1000

60

v

D2timecycle

fix


LHD : 0,5 to 8,4 m3

Q - bucket size

Slusher : 0,22 to 0,8 m3

Overhead loader (CAVO) : bucket 0,125 to 1 m3

container 1 to 5 m3

ffill - bucket filling factor

Coarse blocs : ffill = 0,8 - 1,1

Moist material : ffill = 0,55 - 0,7

Fine material < 50 mm : ffill = 0,55 - 0,75

LHD

SlusherGros blocs de minerai : ffill = 0,5 - 0,7

Minerai fine < 50 mm : ffill = 0,8 - 1


v - average speed over the cycle

Favorable conditions : v = 9 à 16 km/h

Average conditions : v = 8 à 12 km/h

Unfavorable conditions : v = 5 à 8 km/h

Diesel-driven LHD

Slusher v = 4.5 to 5.5 km/h

Favorable conditions : v = 9.5 km/h

Average conditions : v = 6.5 km/h

Unfavorable conditions : v = 3.2 km/h

Electric-driven LHD


tfix - fixed cycle time (loading, dumping, maneuver)

Favorable conditions : tfix = 0.8 min

Average conditions : tfix = 1.1 min

Unfavorable conditions : tfix = 1.4 min

LHD

Slusher tfix = 0.5 min


Distance variable

Dmax

Dmin

Distance

Production

Dmin Dmax

R = f(D)

h/t,DD

dD)D(RP

minmaxaverage

Average production rate of loading

hr/t,tD

60

1000v

2

tD

60

1000v

2

DD

60

1000

2

vQ

f

fj

P

fixmin

fixmax

minmax

swelling

fill

averageLn

where : Q - bucket size, m3 ; - ore density, t/ m3 ;ffill - bucket filling factor ;fswelling= 1.1 to 1.5 - rock swelling factor ;Dmin - minimum one way tramming distance in meters ;Dmax - maximum one way tramming distance in meters ;v - average speed over the cycle in kilometers per hour ;tfix - fixed cycle time (load, damp, maneuver) in minutes ;j = 50 min - operating minutes per hour to account for delays in

minutes;

Influence of distance on production

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500

Distance, m

Pro

du

ctio

n o

f L

HD

- 8

.4 m

3 , t/h

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Pro

du

ctio

n o

f L

HD

- 0

.76

m3

and

of

slu

sher

, t/h

LHD - 8,4 m3 Slusher - 0,38 m3 LHD - 0,76 m3

Variable distance

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500

Distance, m

Pro

du

ctio

n, t

/h

LHD - 0,76 m3 variable distance LHD - 0,76 m3 average distance

Cost estimation

Capital cost

Hourly operating cost

Operator labor

Parts

Maintenance labor

Diesel fuel

Electric power

Lube oil

Tires

Compressed air

Hourly operating cost

Bucket size Parts Labor Diesel fuel Lube Tires Total

m3 $/h $/h $/h $/h $/h $/h

0,38 3,19 2,8 0,82 0,55 0,94 8,30,76 4,17 3,65 1,07 0,71 1,35 10,951,15 4,9 4,29 1,07 0,83 1,39 12,481,53 5,19 4,55 1,6 0,9 1,91 14,152,68 7,79 6,82 2,72 1,37 4,35 23,054,59 10,5 9,19 3,61 1,85 3,55 28,75,35 13,53 11,85 4,51 2,38 4,67 36,946,50 15,74 13,78 5,41 2,77 4,67 42,379,94 19,12 16,74 7,33 3,41 7,91 54,51

Capital cost

Bucket size Overall width

Overall Height

Price Hourly operating cost

m3 m m $ $/h

0,38 0,8636 1,8288 87970 8,30,76 1,2192 1,8288 114810 10,951,15 1,27 1,8542 135090 12,481,53 1,5494 1,9812 151690 14,152,68 1,9812 1,7272 214530 23,054,59 2,6162 1,9812 289240 28,75,35 372830 36,946,50 2,4892 2,5908 433760 42,379,94 3,048 2,54 526860 54,51

Business

Lhd