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2. There are many reasons why India is beginning to shine on the
economic front. One of the less-trumpeted ones can be traced to the
late 19th century, when a band of home grown entrepreneurs laid the
seeds of indigenous industrialisation.
The outstanding Indian businessman of the time was
JamshedjiNusserwanjiTata,
industrialist, nationalist, humanist and the founder of the House
of Tata.
3. JamshedjiNusserwanjiTata3rd March 1839 19th May 1904
4. Who are Parsis?
Zoroastrianism a religion founded by Prophet Zarathushtra in Persia
around 3500 BC
God Ahuramazda in a vision gave three tenets to Zarathushtra.
Humata , Hukta and Huwarshta in Avesta Language meaning Good
Thoughts, Good Words and Good Deeds.
Zoroastrianism was official religion of rulers of Persia till Arabs
conquered them around 600 AD
5. Who are Parsis?
Choice Either convert to Islam or leave.
Many left for China and lost identity.
Some from village Sari of Pars region in Persia left for India in
small sail boats with their Women, Children and whatever little
possessions they had and landed in Sanjan.
Ruler JadavRana provides shelter after they promise blending with
locals like sugar in milk.
6. Who are Parsis?
Nagamandal where they settled resembling native Sari becomes
Navsari. Since they hail from Pars region will be known as
Parsis.
They integrate well adopting local dress and customs and Gujarati
language.
Become popular by hard and honest work and no politics for next six
hundred years.
Good in business and known for honesty and integrity.
Worshippers of Fire God (Agni) and Navsari grows as religious
centre for Parsis and Suratthebusinesscentre.
7. House of Tatas- Values enshrined based on Zoroastrian
tenets.
Humata- Good Thoughts
Hukta Good Words
Huwarshta Good Deeds
Enshrined inthe Tata Houses Coat of Arms
8. J.N.Tatas parents
Nusserwanji Tata belonged to a poor priestly family. Became a first
generation businessman with reasonable success.
Married at age15 to even younger JeevanBai.
Established business in Bombay and built a seven storeyed bungalow
with his earnings.
JamshedjiNusserwanji Tata was born on 3rd March 1839 at Navsari. He
was the only son soon followed by four younger sisters.
9. Nusserwanji Tata
10. Jamshedji Tata
11. Childhood and Education
Initially trained as a priest at Navsari and tutored at home in
Gujarati.
At age 14 shifted to Bombay to receive Englisheducation at
Elphinstone College.
Graduated in 1857 as Green Scholar.
Very sharp and great interest in academics and literature. Read
Dickens, Thackeray, Mark Twain and others others at a very young
age. Learnt to read and speak French.
Marries Heerabai 5 years younger while still in College.
12. Professional Carreer
Began career as a LawyersApprentice. But soon joined his fathers
business.
Was sent to Hongkong to oversee setting up a Trading company
Jamshedji & Ardeshir.
Import of Cotton and Opium from India for sale to China and export
Chinese Tea, Silk & brocades, Cinnamon, Camphor, Gold, Copper
& Brass to India.
Also started a branch in Shanghai soon.
1859 First son Dorab was born
13. To London
Returns to India from far east by 1864
1864 American Civil war at its peak. Supply of long stapled cotton
from Americas to Lancashire and Manchester mills of Britain cut
off.
Supplying cotton from India to Lancashiremills became a very
attractiveproposition to Indian merchants. Many become Millionaires
overnight.
Famous Bombay businessman PremchandRaichand appoints Jamshedji as
his agent in London. First trip to London by Jamshedji.
14. London 1864 -67
Jamshedjidid a commendable job and earned the confidenceof
everyoneby his straightforward dealings.
He also quickly foresaw end of American Civil war and resumption of
cotton supplies to British mills and warns his compatriots in India
to liquidate their stocks early.
Most including PremchandRaichanddid not heed his warnings
seriouslyand either went bankrupt or lost heavily.
Many even committed suicide.
15. London1864 -67
Despite this, many merchants prevailed uponJamshedji to stay back
in London and help them in collection of and outstandings and
squaring up accounts as they had immense confidence in his
integrity and honesty.
Jamshedji stayed on in London for four years and put this period to
good use by studyingand learningin detail the cotton yarn making
technology and textile business by visiting Manchester and
Lancashire mills frequently.
16. London 1864 -67
Struck lifelong friendship with eminent Indians such as Sir
DadabhaiNavroji, Sir BadruddinTyabji, Phiroz Shah Mehta and others
became lifelong friends.
Befriended and attended lectures by eminent thinkers and speakers
such as Cobden, Bright, Carlyle, John Ruskin, John Stuart Mills and
William Gladstone etc., and thus was exposed to westn liberal
thoughts, ideas and art & literature.
17. Return to India
Returned by end of 1967, Cotton market had collapsed.
Even his father had lost a fortune and had to sell his seven
storied house to survive.
However an event in Abyssinia ( currently Ethiopia) occurred which
for their rescue.
The army was led by Sir Robert Napier of Sindh who was then
Governer of Greater Bombay and supply contract ( tents, canteen,
bedding & blankets, food and water etc., ) went to Nusseranji
Tata. This contract revived their fortunes.
18. In India 1867 to 1873
Handsome profits were made.
Mr. Nusserwanji who had been taken ill decided to take it easy and
handed the reins of the company to Jamshedji and went on a holiday
to China and Japan.
Jamshedji decided to set up a Textile mill to produce fine cotton
yarn and purchased a defunct Oil mill in Chinchpokli and converted
the same to Textile mill. Named it as Alexandra Mill after the
British Princess. Ran the mill well for two years and sold the same
for a profit in 1871.
19. In India 1867 to 1873
1871 Jamshedjis ten year old daughter betrothed to BurjorjiPadshah
dies due to a mysterious illness. Second son Ratan born
Starts planning establishment of a Modern textile mill nearer to
Cotton growing areas instead of consumer centers in Bombay and
Ahmedabad.
Considers use of Hydel power for running the mill long before even
before WestinghouseElectric Corporationset up the worlds first
Hydel power station at Niagara in USA.
20. Alexandra Mills
Starts planning establishment of a Modern textile mill nearer to
Cotton growing areas instead of consumer centers in Bombay and
Ahmedabad.
Considers use of Hydel power for running the mill long before even
before WestinghouseElectric Corporationset up the worlds first
Hydel power station at Niagara in USA.
Sets up Central India Spinning , Weaving& Manufacturing company
to build a modern textile mill at Nagpur.
21. AlexandraMills
Visits England again to buy modern machinery and also recruit
Specialists to run the mill at Nagpur.
Buysmarshy land from the local King and begins construction i
1874.
Inaugurates a modern textile mill on 1st January 1877 under the
name of Empress Mill commemoratingQueen Victorias ascension to the
throne on that day.
22. Labour welfare and Reforms long before even Industrialized
England...
Modern methods of Ventillation, Dehumidification and sprinklers to
suppress cotton mill dust for safer and healthier working
conditions for workers.
Profits plowed back to build housing, recreational facilities,
hospitals , schools and gardens , playgrounds etc., for employees
whose living standardsimproved manifold.
23. Labour welfare and Reforms long before even Industrialized
England...
Introduces Provident fund and Employee life insurance as incentives
for regular attendance for employees. Pension scheme in 1877 and
Accident relief schemes in 1895.
All above without dictates of state.
Improved productivity and efficiency to never seen before
levels.
Investors got an unprecedented return of 16% on their investments
in 1881 despite a fire in early 1878 when the entireLoom shed had
burnt down
24. We do not claim to be more unselfish, more generous or more
philanthropic than other people. But we think, we started on sound
and straightforward business principles, considering the interests
of ourshareholders our own, and the health and welfare of our
employees the sure fondation of our prosperity.
-JamshedjiTataat the opening speech of extension of Empress Mills
in 1895
25. Return to Bombay 1878
Leaves Alexandra Mills in capable hands of Bejonjee Mehta and
reacquaints with his London friends.
Dorab returns from Cambridge and begins a career in Journalism and
later joins Empress Mills.
Jamshedji Tata Grooms his mothers brother Dadabhais son
RatanDadabhai ( RD) as his deputy and support for Dorab.
Establishes Bombay Political Association, Parsi Gymkhana, Rippon
Club and Elphinstone Clubs with help from his London friends.
26. Return to Bombay 1878
After Nuserwanji had sold his seven storied house they had lived in
rented accomodation ill suited to their status and wealth.
Jamshedji embarked on building a new home Esplanade House on
Esplanade Road overlooking the Arabian sea.
Started in 1880 got completed in 1887. First house with large rooms
marble stairs, first class teak wood almirahs in Library, grand
banquet hall etc.,
First house with Electricity connection and Lift
27. Hosted Cricketers from England, Maharajas, VVIPs to Banquets in
the House
28. Jamshedji and Swadeshi
Helped draw up development plans for Bombay.
Quietly financed establishment of Indian National Congress in
1885
Studied and offered to help Indian cotton growers to grow long
stapled Egyptian Cottonso fine yarn and cloth could be developed in
India tocompete with Lancashire mills.
Bought the Old Dharamsi mill and converted into a modern Textile
mill named Swadeshi Mills . Made it a profit making concern with
doggednessdespite long odds.
29. Experiments with Coffee and Strawberries
Bought large tracts of land around Panchgani and started a number
of plantations to grow Coffee. After 50 years of struggle in
absence of getting good workforce to maintain these lands were
donated by son Dorab to VinobaBhave under Bhoodan movement.
To help local growers of Strawberries purchased 43 acres of land to
start a Jam factory at Mahabaleshwar. Gave up the Project due stiff
resistance by Bristishers and owners of English school. Land and
Bungalows donated by Dorab later to house a fine sanatorium
calledBel Air sanatorium.
30. Development of Indian Silk Industry
Set up a modern Silk Farm at Bangalore in 1898 with Japanese
specialist couple to teach the Japanese silk rearing and reeling
technology on land provided by Maharajaof Mysore.
Trained thousands of farmers in South India and elsewherein
technology of silk worm rearing, reeling and rereeling silk yarnand
also set up training centers in Punjab, Ceylon etc.,
Handed over the center to Salvation Army in 1910. Only name of Tata
Silk Farm survives.
31. Tata Silk Farm , Bangalore
32. Tata Silk Farm , Bangalore
33. Tata Shipping Line
P & O Shipping Company of England had sole monopoly of
transport of goods to and fro England. Differential tarif to favour
British goods manufacturers was hurting Indian Interests.
With help from Nippon Yusen Kaisha Line company of japan, leasedtwo
ships named Annie Barrow andLindisfarne from NYK to ply on China
route.
However P&O and the Austrian and Italian shipping companies
undercut him and spread canards against sea worthiness of the
vessels.
34. Tata Shipping Line
Fight as he could, due to lack of support from the British
administration in India who were partial to P&O and also by
Indian merchants not backing him fully he had to close the shipping
line .
Japanese were very appreciative of his efforts and later started an
office of their own in Bombay and started business.
Jamshedjisearlier efforts made it easy for them to do roaring
business and acknowledged the same by awarding the prestigiuosKin
Koso award in 1897.
35. Educational Endowments
Primarily to enable bright Indians to be able to compete with
Britishersin Indian Civil service examinations set up J. N. Tata
Endowments.
Extended later to advanced stiudies and research in Physical
sciences, humanities and social sciences.
Benficiaries to return endowmentwithout interestwhen they succeed
and can afford to.
Beneficiaries include Dr, M. D. Gildar , Jeevraj Mehta, Dr. Raja
Ramanna, Dr. J. V. Narlikar and his Father earlier, Dr. J. J.
Irani, Dr. R. A Mashelkar and Dr. K. R. Narayanan
36. Indian Institute of Science
Dreamt of setting up a Centre for advanced research in Science and
Humanities in India.
Set aside major part of his personal wealth and also bought large
tracts of land on either siderailway tracks in Bombay when no one
knew when the would be laid. Later sold at great profit generate
funds for the Institute.
Struggled very hard with Lord Curzon and other Britishers who were
opposed to the idea for nearly a decade and moreto get approval
just before he died in 1904
37. Indian Institute of Science
Shared his thoughts and dreams with Swami Vivekananda on his
voyagefrom Yokohama to Chicago in 1893 and received
encouragement.
Invited Swami Vivekananda to head the Institution to awaken the
ascetic spirit of research amongst Indian scientists.
Recieved donation of 400 acres of land at Bangalore and grant from
Maharaja NalvadiKrishnarajaWodeyar which clinched the issue.
Indian Institute of Science started in 1910 thanks to continued
efforts of Dorab and BurjorjiPadshah after Jamshedjis death.
38. 39. Tata Hydel Power at Bhira
Long before Niagara Jamshedji thought of using Hydel Power for
Textile mills.
To rid Bombay of pollution from black smoke belching chimneys,
thought of clean non fossil fuel generation of Power.
With dogged determination pursued his dream in the last few years
of his life and selected a site at Khandala valley for building a
reservoir to store water and generate power and transmit the same
to Bombay at distance of 50 kilometers.
The Project at Bhira became reality in 1915.
40. Today 1625 MW of Electricity is generated at Tata PowerPlant at
Bhira.
41. Tata Iron & Steel Company
While studying Cotton Industry at Manchester he attended a lecture
by Thomas Carlyle when he had declared that The nation which has
steel will also have the Gold
This remark stuck in his mind and he started dreaming of setting up
a Steel Plant in India.
Four years after start up of Empress Mills in 1882 he had sent
samples of Iron Ore and Coal from Central India to Germany for
testing.
But Mining laws were not suited for infusion of private capital
atthat time and he had to wait for opportune time.
42. Tata Iron & Steel Company
In 1899 Lord Curzon liberalized mining laws and invited British
Industrialists to set up Steel plants in India. The response was
lukewarm
Jamshedji submitted his proposal to set up a steel plant
Ridiculed by Sir Frederic Upcot, Commissioner of Great Penisnsular
Railway . Do you mean to say that Tatas propose to make steel rails
to British specifications? Why, I will undertake to eat every pound
of steel rail they succeed in making.
43. Tata Iron & Steel Company
He personally travelled to USA to study various Steel Plants and
selected Consultants. Invited Charles Page Perinto assist in
drwaing plans and blue prints.
Tata Iron & Steel works started at Sakchi in Bihar ( Jamshedpur
today) in 1912.
In 1914 during the First World war British sourced 1500 miles of
steel rails for Selonica, Egypt, Mesopotamia and east African
theater and 30000 tons of armour plates.
80000 tons of Steel for Howrah bridge at Calcutta was produced by
TISCO.
44. TajMahal Hotel in Bombay
Jamshedji loved his city of Bombay.
Pained at this great city not having an International quality hotel
decide to build one himself.
Bought 2.5 acres of land at Appolo Pier and invested his personal
funds and built a world class hotel.
Personally travelled to European countries and purchasedequipment
etc.,
The hotel opened for business on 16th December 1903 with 17
guests
Today one of the finest hotels in the world.
45. 46. 47. 48. After a brief illness Jamshedjidied on 19th May
1904 at Bad Neuheim in Germanywith Dorab, his wife Meher and RD in
attendance.
49. Last wish of Jamshedji to Dorab and RD
Please carry on my work. Even if you can not make it greater at
least preserve it. Do not let things slide. Go on doing my work and
increasing it, but if you can not, do not lose what we have already
done.
50. Thank You