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Inside the Earth

Inside The Earth

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Page 1: Inside The Earth

Inside the Earth

Page 2: Inside The Earth

The Composition of the Earth

• Crust• Mantle• Core

Page 3: Inside The Earth

The Crust

• The crust is the outermost layer of the Earth.• It is the thinnest layer of the Earth• Two types of crusts– Continental – Oceanic

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Continental Crust

• Made of light substances– Silicon • Si

– Oxygen• O

– Aluminum• Al

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Oceanic Crust

• Contains heavy substances– Iron• Fe

– Calcium• Ca

– Magnesium• Mg

• Because it contains heavier substances it is denser than the continental crust.

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The Mantle

• The mantle is the layer of the Earth between the crust and the core.– The mantle is very thick– Contains most of the Earth’s mass

• No one has really seen what the mantle looks like.– The Ocean floor gives us many clues about the

mantle• Underwater Volcanoes

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The Core

• The core is the layer that begins at the bottom of the mantle and ends at the center of the Earth.– The core is made mostly of Iron

• There is a Inner and Outer Core

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Inner and Outer Core

• The outer core is the liquid layer of the earth’s core.

• The inner core is the solid, and dense center of the planet.

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Earth’s Core

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The Physical Layers of the Earth

• Lithosphere– Greek for “Rock Sphere”

• Divided into pieces called tectonic plates• Made up of the crust and the rigid upper part of the mantle.

• Asthenosphere– Greek for “Weak Sphere”

• Lies between the Lithosphere and Mesosphere• Made of solid rock

• Mesosphere– Greek for “Middle Sphere”

• Lies between the Asthenosphere and the Earth’s Core

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Earth’s Physical Layers

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• Temperature and Pressure increase as you move towards the center of the Earth.

• Plasticity is a solid that has the ability to flow.

• Convection currents are hot material that becomes less dense and rises while cooler material becomes denser and sinks.– This occurs in mantle layer of the Earth.

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Mapping the Earth’s Interior

• Scientist use Earthquakes to find out information about the interior of the earth– Seismic waves are vibrations produced by

earthquakes• The waves traveling speed determines the Earth’s

density.

– Seismographs are used to measure the travel times of the waves

Page 16: Inside The Earth