Indian Railways Safety Plan - Investment Strategy & Safety

Environment

Presentation by :M.C. SRIVASTAVA

Member TrafficRailway Board

Indian Railways

Indian Railways

150th Year of dedicated service has   grown  from  a  mere  32  Km.to  a  vast network of more than 62,000 kms. has acted as a great unifying factor for the nation with diverse geographical/ regional features.Stood up in times of national emergencies, natural disasters etc. faced  many  challenges  with  the  inherent resilience of this vast organization.

SafetySafety is the sum total of efforts of

men and management , observance of methods ( Rules, procedures & practices), Performance of machines ( materials and maintenance practices),Utilization of Funds.

Main Focus in preparing Safety Plan

HRD related activities and issuesImplementation and monitoring Safety equipment and materialSafety projects likely to reduce casualties Administrative decisions for utilization of Funds

Safety Plan It is a paradigm of five Ms-

MenManagementMethodsMachinesMoney - in that order

PERFORMANCE OF IR DURING 1950-2001

INPUTS

Addition to Route Kms. 17%

Addition to Wagon Capacity 156%

Addition to Passenger Coaches 141%

Addition to Loco Tractive Effort 124%

OUTPUTS

Growth of Freight Traffic 544%

Growth of Passenger Traffic 435%

INDIAN RAILWAYS – AN OVER VIEW KEY STATISTICS 2001-2002

ROUTE KILOMETERS 62759

TRACK KILOMETERS 107969

NO. OF LOCOMOTIVES 7517

NO. OF PASSENGER VEHICLES 36510

NO. OF WAGONS(IN FOUR WHEELERS) BG 459160

NO. OF STATIONS 6867

NO. OF PASSENGER CARRIED DAILY 12.6 MILLION

FREIGHT TRAFFIC (DAILY) 1.3 M. TONNES

NO. OF PASSENGER TRAINS 8547 PER DAY

NO. OF FREIGHT TRAINS 5401 PER DAY

GROSS TRAFFIC RECEIPTS(1999-00) US $7.5Billion

MAN POWER (REGULAR EMPLOYEES) 1.57 Million

Strategy adopted for growth

The growth in output has been possible on account of :

A.     Innovative operational strategy

B. Close  monitoring  of  productivity of assets.

C. Adoption of multi-pronged approach of inducting    appropriate  and  affordable technology

Overview of Safety on IR

During1960s, the average number of accidents/

year were around 1393 . However, the average

number of accidents/year came down to 866, 757 and 464 during1970s,1980s and 1990s respectively.

Accidents per million train kilometers were 5.5during 1960-61 and this has come down to 0.65during 2000-2001.

1 9 6 0 -6 1T R A IN A C C ID E N T S O N IN D IA N R A IL W A YS S IN C E

Ye a r C o llis io n s D e r a ilm e n t s L e v e l F ir e T o t a l M o v e m e n t o f t r a f f ic T r a in A c c id e n t s

C r o s s in g in . T r a in K m s p e r m illio n . A c c d t s T r a in s

( ) in M illio n s T r a in k ilo m e t e r s

1960-61 130 1415 181 405 2131 388.1 5.50

1964-65 81 1035 146 31 1293 433.2 3.00

1969-70 54 751 111 47 963 473.0 2.00

1974-75 66 696 140 23 925 430.1 2.20

1979-80 72 692 115 21 900 503.4 1.80

1984-85 39 678 65 30 812 541.1 1.50

1989-90 34 456 42 8 540 618.0 0.87

1990-91 41 446 36 9 532 617.1 0.86

1991-92 30 444 47 9 530 629.2 0.84

1992-93 50 414 51 9 524 632.3 0.83

1993-94 50 401 66 3 520 634.2 0.82

1994-95 35 388 73 5 501 641.9 0.78

1995-96 29 296 68 5 398 655.9 0.61

1996-97 26 286 65 4 381 667.6 0.57

1997-98 35 289 66 6 396 675.8 0.59

1998-99 24 300 67 6 397 686.9 0.58

1999-00 20 329 93 21 463 695.0 0.65

2000-01 20 350 84 17 473 723.8 0.65

2001-02* 30 280 88 9 Misc 8 415

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1960s

1970s

1980s

1990s

2001-02

Consequential train accidents include train accidents having serious repercussion in terms of loss of human life, human injury, loss to Railway property or interruption to Rail traffic. Collision, Fire in train, trains running into road traffic at level crossings, derailment and accidents of miscellaneous nature are included in consequential train accidents.

Consequential train accidents during the last ten years(1992-2002)

16%

2%

75%

7%

Level Crossing Accidents Fire in TrainsCollisions Derailments

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.1

0.12

0.14

0.16

0.18

0.2

AVG collisions /million train Km.

1960s

1970s

1980s

1990s

2000-01

2.46

1.41 1.12

0.55

0.48

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

AvgDerailments /million train Km.

1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000-01 2001-02

Consequential Train Accidents during 1997-2002

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

1997-98 1998-99 1999-2000 2000-01 2001-02

Collisions Derailments Manned LCUnmanned LC Fire in train Misc

Broad causes of accidents on IR

Railway staff failure 65.67%

Equipment failure 08.44%

Failure of other than 17.46%Railway staff

Sabotage 03.45%

Safety in generalSafety performance is dependant on the quality of the Human element and induction of safety related technology

Emphasis on Training and wherever possible to prevent human failure through technological inputs

Emphasis on clearing the backlog of replacement of overaged assets.

Funding of safety ProjectsPrior to the year 2000-2001, expenditures for track renewals, Bridge works, Signal & Telecom, Workshops, Rolling stock etc were planned under various heads and there was no special funding from safety angle.

Further Road Safety Fund was created in the year 2000-2001 for building Road Over bridges and Road Under bridges.

Investment strategy

A High Power Railway Safety Review Committee was set up in 1998.

One of the major recommendations were to set up a “Special railway safety Fund” .

Apart from the normal Budgetary commitments a “Special Railway Safety Funds” has been set up and the same is operative since October 2001.

Special Railway Safety Fund

A non lapsable “Special Railway Safety Fund” (SRSF) has been set up to wipe out the arrears in renewal of over aged assets such as track, bridges, rolling stock and signalling gears etc. within a fixed time frame of 6 years.

Proposed plan under SRSF

Track Renewals 45%Bridges 10.1%Signal & Telecommunication 18%Rolling Stock 19%Safety Enhancement measures 6.7%

Initiatives Taken

Mobilisation of resources :

raising  revenue  from  non-traditional sources, such as commercial utilization of land and commercial publicity.

public-private participation  in  various projects planned

Mobilization of resources :

• raising  revenue  from  non-traditional sources, such as commercial utilization of land and commercial publicity.

• public-private participation  in  various projects planned

Renewal of Overage Assets

The following  were  the requirement of renewal :

Arrears of Track Renewals (BG) -12,260 Kms.

Distressed Bridges -262 Nos.

Overaged Signalling Gear -1,560 Stations

Overaged Coaches (BG) -1,322 Vehicle Units

Overaged Wagons (BG) -34,000(in  terms  of  4-wheeler units) As on 1.4.1999.

Funding Source for Various Categories of projects

Internal Generation Budgetary

Support Market

Borrowing

Track Renewals New Lines Rolling Stock

Signalling & Telecom

Doubling

Bridge Works Gauge Conversion

Machinery & Plant

Electrification

Metropolitan Some categories funded from more than one source

Initiatives TakenInvestments :rational distribution of funds for projects being undertaken in various states, within the availability

of limited resources, for construction of New Lines, Doubling, Gauge Conversion and Electrification a clear and

transparent formula adopted .

Prioritization of safety related projects 

Meas ures Implemented

•To reduce human failures, a major technical input of track circuiting in station areas has been inducted in the system.

•To have faster and better communication, Walkie – talkie sets have been provided to drivers & Guards of all trains.

•Train operation during foggy and inclement weather is monitored closely to avoid any mishap.

•To monitor track geometry, sophisticated track recording cars, osillograph cars and portable accelerometers are used.

•Nearly 10,000 accident-prone four-wheeler wagons CRT’s have been phased out from the system in the last two years.

.Meas ures Under implementation

• Drivers and Guards are also being progressively provided with LED based electronic flashing lamps.

• To reduce dependence on human elements and to prevent collision of trains, a device ‘block proving axle counter’ has been installed at 175 stations.

• To detect ‘rail fractures’ and ‘weld failures’ double rai Ultrasonic Flaw detectors and Self Propelled Ultrasonic Rail Testing cars are being procured.

• Modern simulators for training of drivers are getting installed and used in various training centers.

• Automatic switching “ON” of flasher lights of locomotives in emergencies has been planned.

• Level Crossing having heavy traffic density are being progressively interlocked with signals.

• Self propelled medical vans and accident relief trains are being introduced for faster relief during emergencies.

Trials being conducted :

A pilot project of Anti Collision Device (ACD) has been sanctioned. Trials of prototype ACD equipment have been started.

• Another Pilot project of ETCS (European Train Control System) being launched on trial basis on a small section.

Summary

Safety is paramount to improve operational efficiency through intensive utilization of assets.

Economics is the critical factor in deciding IR’s policies on technological upgradation of safety aids.

More fundamental issue is to tackle the problem of replacing overaged assets and upgradation of maintenance infrastructure.

Special Railway safety Fund has been set up for replacement of overaged assets for improved productivity, Safety and reliability.

Emphasis on Modern Training Aids is an essential part of the human resource development programme

Thus, the focus is on providing low cost and workable safety aids with emphasis on reduced human interference.

Thank you