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HIGH WINDS BLOW ON HIGH HILLS… WESTERN MEASUREMENT ISSUES IN EMERGING AND FRONTIER MARKETS General Introduction: Haven’t we seen it all before? At LMG I feel blessed that I am involved in Emerging and Frontier Markets investments at a time when it is not only clearer than ever that these countries are catching up, but that things have also reached the point where the first giant representatives from these countries start to use their cash to buy distressed assets or firms in our part of the world. Still being raised in what one could call a postcolonial tradition, Western observers and governments feel uncomfortable about this. Governments, firms and leading people from these countries are often more or less automatically accused of being corrupted or of unfair practices. In this contribution we won’t go all the way to analyse individual country cases. We also won’t go the blackwhitish way so often practised in Western media by assuming ‘they are bad and we are good’. Most of us do now agree that a lot of Western wealth was built just as much on the merits of the Industrial Revolution as it was on robber behaviour when reaching the shores of overseas countries over the last couple of hundreds of years. Not ‘trade’ was the common practice of getting our hands on the most attractive goods, services and production factors, but ‘brute force’ was. And whenever specific regions were left, freed or given more liberal, autonomous rights there was always a clear linkage with the fact that its main assets had become less important. Even the Shale Gas revolution and the US retreat from the Middle East cannot be totally separated. A couple of years ago we contributed to a seminar in which Transparency International’s Corruption Perception Index (CPI) was a key topic of discussion. One of the big issues with this CPI Index is that it takes two to tango. When Western firms are willing to offer their counterparty in a business transaction (be it governments, firms, bureaucrats, army representatives) some kind of gift it is automatically not illogical that the relative size of the gift might be small for the donor and big for the person or entity receiving it due to differences in relative wealth. Obviously that would also mean, that those entities or persons in Emerging and Frontier countries that are able to extract more from ‘us’ do by definition enjoy a huge advantage (since they can use/invest that wealth in an at that moment still relatively poor country). If we add to that the fact that being in a leadership position in such a poor and relatively unstable country is by definition like being a manager/owner of a startup firm (Singapore’s charismatic founder/leader Lee Kuan Yew has often used similar comparisons), there is a huge risk premium. The legal and political infrastructure being unstable, those creating wealth will have to be fully aware of its relative uncertainty. First, it might attract others from within the country, who want to steal it away (‘crook types’) or it might – in a more subtle form – attract potential leaders who want to destabilize the system and get their own piece of the action. So far nothing new for Westerners: our own history was built along these lines. Many of our ancestors who are now treated as heroes did not achieve their results on the basis of ‘meetings’, ‘conference calls’, ‘democratic voting’ and ‘charitylike contributions’. Most of the time they achieved it due to a) wars they won; b) enemies that were killed; c) revolutions and things like that. But nonetheless, winners take it all and expost those winners are often made ‘heroes of our past’. So in a way, we often play disgust about things we see NOW in Emerging and Frontier Markets, whereas those things were often ‘standard practice’ in our own, OFTEN NOTTOORECENT past.

High winds blow on high hills

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It is remarkable to see how Western Media seem to use different measures when analyzing the High Winds that Blow on their Own Hills vis a vis those that come from Emerging and Frontier Countries...A little reflection using the cases of 2 well-known celebrity ladies with EM background with one of them having moved to the West while the other stayed there...

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Page 1: High winds blow on high hills

HIGH WINDS BLOW ON HIGH HILLS… 

WESTERN MEASUREMENT ISSUES IN EMERGING AND FRONTIER MARKETS 

General Introduction: Haven’t we seen it all before? 

At LMG I feel blessed that I am involved in Emerging and Frontier Markets investments at a time 

when it is not only clearer than ever that these countries are catching up, but that things have also 

reached the point where the first giant representatives from these countries start to use their cash 

to buy distressed assets or firms in our part of the world. Still being raised in what one could call a 

post‐colonial tradition, Western observers and governments feel uncomfortable about this. 

Governments, firms and leading people from these countries are often more or less automatically 

accused of being corrupted or of unfair practices. In this contribution we won’t go all the way to 

analyse individual country cases. We also won’t go the black‐whitish way so often practised in 

Western media by assuming ‘they are bad and we are good’. Most of us do now agree that a lot of 

Western wealth was built just as much on the merits of the Industrial Revolution as it was on robber 

behaviour when reaching the shores of overseas countries over the last couple of hundreds of years. 

Not ‘trade’ was the common practice of getting our hands on the most attractive goods, services and 

production factors, but ‘brute force’ was. And whenever specific regions were left, freed or given 

more liberal, autonomous rights there was always a clear linkage with the fact that its main assets 

had become less important. Even the Shale Gas revolution and the US retreat from the Middle East 

cannot be totally separated. 

A couple of years ago we contributed to a seminar in which Transparency International’s Corruption 

Perception Index (CPI) was a key topic of discussion. One of the big issues with this CPI Index is that 

it takes two to tango. When Western firms are willing to offer their counterparty in a business 

transaction (be it governments, firms, bureaucrats, army representatives) some kind of gift it is 

automatically not illogical that the relative size of the gift might be small for the donor and big for 

the person or entity receiving it due to differences in relative wealth. Obviously that would also 

mean, that those entities or persons in Emerging and Frontier countries that are able to extract 

more from ‘us’ do by definition enjoy a huge advantage (since they can use/invest that wealth in an 

at that moment still relatively poor country). If we add to that the fact that being in a leadership 

position in such a poor and relatively unstable country is by definition like being a manager/owner of 

a start‐up firm (Singapore’s charismatic founder/leader Lee Kuan Yew has often used similar 

comparisons), there is a huge risk premium. The legal and political infrastructure being unstable, 

those creating wealth will have to be fully aware of its relative uncertainty. First, it might attract 

others from within the country, who want to steal it away (‘crook types’) or it might – in a more 

subtle form – attract potential leaders who want to destabilize the system and get their own piece of 

the action. So far nothing new for Westerners: our own history was built along these lines. Many of 

our ancestors who are now treated as heroes did not achieve their results on the basis of ‘meetings’, 

‘conference calls’, ‘democratic voting’ and ‘charity‐like contributions’. Most of the time they 

achieved it due to a) wars they won; b) enemies that were killed; c) revolutions and things like that. 

But nonetheless, winners take it all and ex‐post those winners are often made ‘heroes of our past’. 

So in a way, we often play disgust about things we see NOW in Emerging and Frontier Markets, 

whereas those things were often ‘standard practice’ in our own, OFTEN NOT‐TOO‐RECENT past. 

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From the country/entity to the people level 

These measurement issues do also play an important role when looking at the treatment of visible, 

leading people in the countries. In the Western world we often assume that our systems are well‐

organized, governance (almost) perfect so that – whenever something goes terribly wrong (internal 

fraud, corruption, excess bonuses) we see the government declaring that ‘this kind of misconduct 

will be penalized severely’. But after a couple of months or even years ‘studying on the case’ not so 

much happens and the severe penalty is of a level that would be considered ‘being locked in a hotel 

for some limited period of time by emerging markets standards’. A couple of days ago we wrote a 

little column in which we agreed with Nassim Nicholas Taleb that lack of proper punishment would – 

from a risk perspective – attract this kind of white collar crime whenever there are information 

asymmetries between the managers/leaders and the public at large/consumers. Taleb even referred 

to old Hammurabian laws in Mesopotamia in which architects or construction firm owners got the 

death penalty whenever clients who bought a house from them would get killed due to 

malconstruction of the house. A simple way to make those who have an information advantage 

think twice before using it. Of course it is also a bit black‐whitish and simple (and Taleb is not 

suggesting to introduce this law in modern times to fight excess risk taking in the financial services 

sector), but then again: point taken. 

In Emerging countries the level of complexity of products and the economy is less, but so is the legal 

and governance infrastructure. That will imply that the potential for misuse and abuse is more or 

less similar albeit that a lot of crime/fraud/robbery will be less white‐collar and more brutal; but still: 

the concept is the same or at least similar enough to not warrant a blunt ‘they versus us, the good 

people’ kind of approach/treatment in Western media. 

With modern media being so much into stories about the ‘person behind a well‐known leader or 

celebrity’ we have the possibility to create huge empirical databases of real‐life cases that enable us 

to see how different treatment between ‘Western’ and ‘Emerging’ country cases is, even when 

situations are upfront not that different. 

The last couple of weeks I had a chance to see this happen, albeit from a distance: the case of two 

ladies – celebrities in their own right – but also daughters of a leader and former leader (person in a 

leadership position). One  is Maxima, now Princess in the Netherlands, and daughter of Jorge 

Zorreguieta (former Minister of Agriculture in Argentina at the time of the Videla military junta). 

 

Maxima Zorreguita (From Emerging to Developed Markets treatment) 

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The other is ‘Googoosha’ (artist name of Gulnara Karimova), daughter of Uzbekistan leader Islam 

Karimov. Based on what I wrote above, I will not even start discussions about the respective 

‘daddies’. What worries me is the treatment of things. 

 

Googoosha: Pffff…..EM treatment ‘to the max’ 

 

Both are remarkable ladies with clearly talents of their own. One – Maxima ‐ developed into the 

MsCharming of the Dutch royal family, albeit a foreigner and daughter of a father with questionable 

background; and the other – Googoosha ‐ has shown creative skills that can definitely not be defined 

away as totally related to her background. Gulnara Karimova has a Master of Arts degree from 

Harvard and ah well: with that degree one can assume that you end up having creative skills, right? 

Of course it helps to be well‐off in whatever one does in life, but sooner or later one has to perform 

him‐ or herself. Gulnara’s work in Fashion and Jewellery Design and her recent CD (pop music with 

R&B, soul and dance flavours mixed in a blend that does not forsake her Central Asian background 

completely) deserve attention. Just like Maxima deserves attention for her own qualities when 

representing the Dutch Royal Family on charity, diplomatic, business or other type of trips. 

Is this what we get in practice? Nope: Maxima is well‐protected against nasty feedback (to the 

extent that it is there!) related to alleged accusations of her father and it almost seems as if daddy is 

getting away with things in Argentina because of the powerful now Western tentacles of daughter’s 

network through the Dutch Royal connections. The other way round: whenever Gulnara does 

something or shows up somewhere nothing seems to be about her, but everything seems to be 

about daddy, the regime etc etc. Isn’t that a strange difference? Yep it is.  

On the one hand, she is not afraid of confrontations and runs a Twitter account where one can 

literally end up interacting directly (we tested it and know that it works; try that with the Dutch 

Royal family!), and on the other she shows her guts by not deleting negative remarks or one‐liners 

that have nothing to do with her or what she does. Respect for that.  

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Of course a lot of people might argue that this is all a matter of differences in level of crime. But no 

one is guilty until proven so. And that holds definitely when the bulk of what is shouted around is 

related to what someone else in the family allegedly did. 

In the meantime: let us treat people, firms, governments on the basis of an objective evaluation of 

all facts while at the same time taking into account that Emerging countries are now there, where 

we were ages ago but without colonial opportunities. Some humbleness is warranted. And while 

being humble and trying to find out if I went ‘too far’ with this ‘risky’ piece (I am sure many Western 

people feel I did) a lot of Western critics might like to do some self‐retrospection. Ah well: and why 

not listen to Googoosha’s CD or watch Maxima on You Tube in the meantime, so as to finally start 

judging them on the basis of what they do. 

I am sure that people will start referring me to all those online sources telling one big tale about 

corruption etc that can be directly linked back to Googoosha. Of course we saw it all, and of course 

we did not investigate things much deeper than any professional investment analyst specializing in 

Emerging Markets could or would during a due diligence phase. However: first of all a lot of those 

stories are related to Western firms complaining (see also what we wrote above about our 

presentation at the Transparency seminar) and/or to sources that are only supposedly more reliable 

because they are ‘Western’. For your information: when studying Emerging Markets we always start 

with US sources, Russia Today and Al Jazeera to have some kind of common denominator that is 

grey instead of black, white or whatever other colour. Applying that principle here, we are not (yet!) 

that impressed.  

Talented people from Emerging Markets, be they 100‐percent self‐made or related to whoever, will 

continue to grow, just like their countries and we should try to benefit from it and enjoy. Not 

polarizing things by defining everything from within Emerging Markets as ‘definitely bad, illegal or 

unfair’ and all things from our part of the world as ‘fair, sound, ethical and good’. 

© Erik L van Dijk, LMG Emerge 2013