Health Information System

Introduction

The purpose of any information system

For timely decision to achieve objective

To ensure the availability of:

appropriate information, to theappropriate person, at theappropriate time and place

What do we mean by appropriate?

we mean timely complete and accurate information.

These can be arbitrarily grouped into two major categories

.In the health field there are many types of information needed

Health Information Systems Management Information System

Concepts and DefinitionsHealth

health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well – being and not merely an absence of disease or

infirmity.

Data Are facts obtained from observations,

recording, or research.

Data as collected from operating health care systems or institutes are inadequate for planning and need to be transformed into information, by reducing them, summarizing them and adjusting them.

Information :

Is data that has been organized and interpreted in such a way that it can be used as a basis for decision making

System It is a group of interrelated parts,

elements, processes, components, functions, etc. Which together accomplish some specific objective.

Health Information ( HI ) :

Combination of elements for the purpose of producing data for the generation of information for use by the national health services at all levels of operation and in other development sectors

Health Information System ( HIS ):

It is a mechanism for the collection, processing, analysis and transmission of information required for organizing and operating health services, and also for research and training

Requirements to be Satisfied by health information systems

• The system should be population-based.

• The system should avoid the unnecessary agglomeration of data.

• The system should be problem-oriented.

• The system should employ functional and operational terms (e.g. episodes of illness, treatment regimens, laboratory tests).

Requirements to be Satisfied by health information systems

• The system should make provision for the feed-back o data.

• The system should express information briefly and imaginatively (e.g. tables, charts, percentages).

Components of a health information system

• Demography and vital events

• Environmental health statistics

• Health status : mortality, morbidity, disability, and quality of life

• Health resources : facilities, beds, manpower

Components of a health information system

• Utilization and non-utilization of health services attendance, admissions, waiting lists

• Indices of outcome of medical care

• Financial statistics ( cost, expenditure) related to the particular objectives

USES of Health Information

• To measure the state of health of a community, and to identify its health problems , and medical and health care needs .

• For comparing the health status of one country with that of another , and for comparing the present status with that of the past .

• For planning , administration and evaluation of health care services and programmes.

USES of Health Information

• For research into community health problems

SOURCES of Health InformationThe main sources of health information are

:

• Registration of Births and Deaths ( Vital events)

• Notification of Diseases

•Hospital Records- out – door and indoor patients

• Census

SOURCES of Health Information

• Other Health Records MCH Centers

Records of School health Records of Occupational health Service

Special clinics

Disease Registers

Morbidity and health Surveys

SOURCES of Health Information • (a) Census• (b) Registration of Births and Deaths ( Vital

events ) • (c) Notification of Diseases • (d) Hospital Records( In & Outpt)• (e) Other Health Records • (f) Disease Registers• (g) Morbidity and health Surveys • The annual (demo; National, U.N& WHO).

a . The census

• Total process of collecting, compiling and publishing demographic, socioeconomic data pertaining at a specified time, to all individuals in a country or delimited area.

Demography :

• The study of population, ( size, fertility, mortality, growth, and social and economic variables).

A Sudanese girl holds the guide of Sudan’s 5th Population and Housing Census outside her home in the Sudanese capital Khartoum

on April 22, 2008 (AFP)

Trend of World Population

Year Population ( million )

16501850193019601975

2000 ( projected )

50010002000300039677000

• At the present rate of growth, the world population is expected to be (7,000,000,000) seven billion by 2010.

• In recent years, the human population has grown. It required all the human history up to the year 1850 to produce a population of one billion but it took only 80 years to produce the second billion and 30 years to produce the third billion.

It has been estimated that every second throughout the world4 babies are born, and every 2 seconds, 2 persons die.

Trend of World Population

Population Data Sheet for Khartoum State 2003

Estimatedpopul(000)

Annual Growth rate(%)

Urbanpop(%of total)

Pop under Age 5 (%of total)

Pop(6-24)Years (%of total )

5352 4.04 86.9 14.48 40.1

Women15-49MWRA(000)

Pop under15 years(%of total)

Pop 60 &Over (%of total)

Sex ratio Males/100 Females

Literacy rate 10 & over (M&F)

714 36.16 3.84 111.78 75.9

Crude Birth Rate

Crude Death Rate

InfantMortalityRateMale,female

Lifeexpectancy at birthMale,femal

Total Fertility Rate

33.7 8.8 98 / 85 56.1 / 59.8 4.8

Women15-49MWRA(000)

Pop under15 years(%of total)

Pop 60 &Over (%of total)

Sex ratio Males/100 Females

Literacy rate 10 & over (M&F)

714 36.16 3.84 111.78 75.9

Birth and Death Rates in Selected Countries

Country Birth Rate Death RateSaudi Arabia (1975 )Algeria ( 1976 )Egypt ( 1975 )Iran (1976 )Sudan ( 1973 )UK (1975 )USA ( 1975 )

49.538.837.741.748.016.116.2

20.216.012.213.021.011.79.4

Annual Growth Rates in Selected Countries

Country Growth Rate percent

World ( 1970-74 )

Libya ( 1978 )

Kenya ( 1978 )

Egypt ( 1977 )

Iran ( 1978 )

UK ( 1977 )

Austria ( 1977 )German Dem. Rep

.(1977)

1.94.23.32.52.50.30.20.2

The birth and death rates in selected countries are shown in tables above

• shows a wide gap between the birth and death rates. This is a future shared by all developing countries. The "demographic gap" is currently responsible for the "population explosion" in the developing countries.

• UK have very low growth rates

• Growth rate in Khartoum is 4.04 per cent ( or 40.4 per 1000 (

• Demographers estimate that when the annual growth rate is less than 1 percent, it will take 130 years for the population of a country to double itself; when the growth rate is between 3.5 and 4 per cent, the population will double itself in about 20 years.