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Group DynamicsBy group zenith
D.K.D. MadhubhashiniK. SujeevakanthanK.P.W.A.S.B KaduwelaH.M. Madhumathi K.HaluwanaK.D.D.U.S.B. AmarathungaAroshi S. TennekoonA.M.S.B. AbeysekaraU.P. Wijewardane
on 14th January 2012
Two or more people who share a common definition and evaluation of themselves and behave in accordance with such a definition.(Vaughan & Hogg, 2002, p. 200)
What is a “Group”?
Group
Two or more People
Who see them selves as group members
Share common goals Inter act with each other
Groups Vs Teams
All teams are Groups but not all groups are teams Skills in team is a force of together “Less me more Us” Team have individual tasks and Responsibility link to the task. A team have a positive synergy
1+1<2
Classification of Groups
Groups
Formal
Commandgroups
Tasksgroups
Informal
Interest groups
Friendshipgroups
Formal GroupsStructured to perform specific tasks
Command Groups
Groups that are determined by the organization chart and composed of individuals who report directly to a given manager
Tasks Groups
Groups composed of individuals brought together to complete a specific job task ; their existence is often temporary because once the task is completed, the group disbands.
Informal GroupsCreated by workers to meet their needs.
Friendship Groups
Made up of employees who enjoys each other’s company.satisfy the need for human interaction and social support.
Interest GroupsWorkers seek to achieve a common goal based on their membership in then organization.
managers should observe interest groups to learn what
employees see as
Conflict & confrontation(disagreements) Intra group conflict occurs as individuals
resist control by the group & disagree over
lead. .
Storming
Norming
Close relationships develop as the group becomes cohesive & establishes its norms for acceptable behavior.
Performing
Group fully functional
Devoted to task at hand
Mutual assistance
Creativity
Understanding goals & roles (Independence)
Adjourning(End of group / new modified group)
The group prepares to disband & is no longer concerned with high levels of performance.
Factor that determines the efficiency of collaborative learning is the composition of the group.
Most intensive variable is the heterogeneity of the groups.
Types of diversityUnderlying Attributes
Age Information
Gender Knowledge
Intelligence Creativity
Race Values
Ethnicity Skills
Dynamics of a group
Composition
Size
Dynamics of a group
Smaller group –Cohesion develops more quickly.Productive For completion of a particular task
Larger group –more effective for problem solving. Social loafing effect can be occur.( more numbers can lead to less
individual effort and individual becomes a free rider)
Roles
Dynamics of a group
Group roles are largely determined by a combination of a person’s personality and his or her experience with group settings
Assigned roles- chairmen , secretary , manager, treasurer
Emergent roles- confidant , group joker ,gossiper , mentor
Norms
Dynamics of a group
Acceptable stands behaviorWhat should/should not to do
Common classes of norms….. Performance ppearance Social arrangement Allocation of resource
Why……Group survivalMeasure predictability of members behaviorReduce embarrassing
Cohesiveness
Dynamics of a group
Forming united whole
Degree of motivated to remain in group
Depend on…..
Interpersonal attraction
Record of high performance in past
Competition with other groups
Introduction:George Elton Mayo who's known as the founder of “Human
Relations Movement” has mentioned in his book, “The HumanProblems of an Industrialized Civilization” the importance of GroupBehavior and its benefit towards an Organization.
When it comes to Group Behavior, the Conditions Effecting GroupBehavior is an important aspect, which it could be divided as,
External (organizational) conditions
Internal Group variables
Conditions Effecting Group Behavior
External (organizational) Conditions Internal Group Variables
•Overall strategy•Authority structures
•Individual competencies and traits of members
•Formal regulations•Available organizational resources
•Group structure
•Employee selection criteria•Organizational culture
•Size of the group
•General physical layout •Internal pressure on members to conform or the group’s norms
•Personal selection processes •Performance evaluation and reward systems
In this path
Introduction about group decision process….
Method of decision making……
Advantages of group decision making……
Disadvantages of group decision making……
Group decision
A complex process………………………….
Require opinions from others…………
On the process of decision making there are several methods….
A. Authoritarian Style
like a dictatorship
Decision rest in the hand of the power full person…..
Group decision
B. Brainstorming
Excellent method
Get the decision on consensus
c. Voting Based Method
Can you remember Voting Based Method????
Generate more complete information and knowledge...
Generate more diverse alternatives…..
Increases acceptance of a solution……
Increases legitimacy of decision….
Time consuming…….
Minority domination…..
Pressure to conform……
Summary
What is a group
Difference between a group and a team
Types of groups
Reasons of joining groups
Tuchman’s five theory of group development
Dynamics of groups
Conditions effecting group behavior
Group decisions