Presentation: GEPON Technology

• Brief introduction to Optical Fiber Technology (Please skip slides 2 to 7 if you are already familiar with this topic)• Introduction to WDM (Wave Division Multiplexing)• GEPON concept• Versa Technology GEPON equipment and sample.

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Optical Fiber technology is a cutting edge method of sending and receiving information over great distances (150 km without using a repeater) using light as the data's carrier. The signal cannot be disrupted by outside sources like electricity, rain, humidity, or other things that tend to damage conventional copper wire signals.Fiber optic cables are composed of glass, silica Fiber, or plastic. Silica Fiber is used mainly for high power applications, and plastic is reserved for isolating sensitive systems from the threat of high voltages. Neither silica nor plastic are capable of sending data-streams over long distances because of their inherent impurities - instead, specialty glass fibers are used.Fiber optic systems offer high security because they do not induce or emit any external energy. A signal loss can be detected almost immediately as long as the system is monitored.

Silica-silicon is most commonly found in nature as sand or quartz.

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Brief overview of Optical Fiber

A fiber-optic system is similar to the copper wire system that fiber-optics is replacing. The difference is that fiber-optics use light pulses to transmit information down fiber lines instead of using electronic pulses to transmit information down copper lines.

Components of a single optic fiber cable:

µm, a micrometer (symbol µm) is one millionth of a meter, or equivalently one thousandth of a millimeter. It is also commonly known as a micron. It can be written in scientific notation as 1×10−6 m, meaning 1/1 000 000 m.

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At one end of the system is a transmitter. This is the place of origin for information coming on to fiber-optic lines. The transmitter accepts coded electronic pulse information coming from copper wire. It then processes and translates that information into equivalently coded light pulses. A light-emitting diode (LED) or an injection-laser diode (ILD) can be used for generating the light pulses. Using a lens, the light pulses are funneled into the fiber-optic medium where they travel down the cable. The light (near infrared) is most often 850nm for shorter distances and 1,300nm for longer distances on Multi-mode fiber and 1300nm for single-mode fiber and 1,500nm is used for longer distances.

nm = nanometer

The attenuation peak in the vicinity of 1400 nm is due to residual water vapor in the glass fiver. However, new optical fiber designsremove the water peak in the 1400 nm region.

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Note how as the pulse propagates down the fiber, the signal leaks into the cladding, indicating loss due to the micro-scale bend. In the image below, we plot the relative power loss (defined as the measured power in the core over the total power of the pulse) at 7 separate time intervals. As the pulse traverses the bend, the majority of the power is radiated into the cladding, and the remaining power still guided in the core diminishes rapidly as a function of time.

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Single Mode fibers have a small glass core, typically around 9μ. Single Mode fibers are used for high speed data transmission over long distances. They are less susceptible to attenuation than multimode fibers.Multimode fibers have large cores, usually either 50μ or 62.5μ. They are able to carry more data than single mode fibers though they are best for shorter distances because of their higher attenuation levels.

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Wavelength Division Multiplexing WDMA technique of sending signals of several different wavelengths of light into the fiber simultaneously. In fiber optic communications, wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) is a technology which multiplexes multiple optical carrier signals on a single optical fiber by using different wavelengths (colors) of laser light to carry different signals. This allows for a multiplication in capacity, in addition to making it possible to perform bidirectional communications over one strand of fiber.

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WDM is similar to frequency-division multiplexing (FDM). But instead of taking place at radio frequencies (RF), WDM is done in the IR portion of the electromagnetic (EM) spectrum. Each IR channel carries several RF signals combined by means of FDM or time-division multiplexing (TDM). Each multiplexed IR channel is separated, or demultiplexed, into the original signals at the destination. Using FDM or TDM in each IR channel in combination with WDM of several IR channels, data in different formats and at different speeds can be transmitted simultaneously on a single fiber.

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Sample, Dense Wavelength-division Multiplexing (DWDM): The transmission of many of closely spaced wavelengths in the 1550 nm region over a single optical fiber. Wavelength spacings are usually 100 GHz or 200 GHz which corresponds to 0.8 nm or 1.6 nm.Erbium-doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA): Optical fibers doped with the rare earth element, erbium, which can amplify light in the 1550 nm region when pumped by an external light source.

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GEPON is an acronym for Gigabit Ethernet Passive Optical Network. It is called passive network because its distribution networks do not use electronic signal regeneration. Because optical fibers can replace bandwidth-restricted copper wires inexpensively, it is often referred to as “last mile” broadband solution for copper network replacement.Because light from a laser source can travel greater distance than electronic signal with less attenuation and its distribution network is consisted of passive elements, the cost of operations and maintenance in GEPON is greatly lower than traditional copper networks. For example, the capability to carry signals greater distance means less equipments, such as repeaters are needed; less equipments mean there are fewer points of failure in the network and fewer points of failure leads to improvement in network reliability and quality of service.

A PON takes advantage of wavelength division multiplexing (WDM), using one wavelength for downstream traffic and another for upstream traffic on a single Nonzero dispersion shifted fiber (ITU-T G.652).

• ITU-T G.652, Optical Standard, characteristic of a single-mode optical fiber system.

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Having passive components make up the distribution network means any future upgrade is cheaper and less painful because only the two end-point devices need be upgraded.

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Optical network terminals (ONT) Optical line terminal (OLT),Optical network units (ONU)

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Versa Technology GEPON EquipmentVersatek OLT, Models: VX-EP-3108A (2U size with 1 Module card of 4 PONs) VX-EP-3108B (2U size with 2 Module cards of 4 PONS each)

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• OAM(Operations, Administration and Maintenance) – Provide data link layer mechanisms for monitoring link– Use Slow Protocol

• Objectives– Remote failure indication– Remote loopback– Link monitoring

• Non-objectives– Management – Provisioning and negotiation– Authentication– Set/write remote MIB

core network inte IEEE 802.3ah compliant ODN interface

• Up(1310nm)/Down(1490/1550nm), max. 8 PON interface

Gigabit Ethernet rface • max 12 GbE, min 4 GbE

Concentration ratio Uplink GbE : PON = 2:10 recommended

Gigabit Ethernet Switch Fabric• 24Gb/s throughput

Security, Encryption, IEEE 802.1x, Ranging, Flexible DBA

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L2 Function maximum 16K MAC table STP, RSTP supported 802.1Q VLAN supported 802.1X port based Authentication control

Function 802.1p priority Function supported IGMP snooping: maximum 256 groups LACP Function supported Port based Rate Limiting Function

supported(by 64Kbps) No of MAC address Function:1~256 Monitoring Function by Port based/ACL

L3 Function Max. 4K IPv4 Host table Max. 8/16K LPM table ECMP/WCMP Static Routing Function supported RIP, OSPF, BGP routing protocol supported IP multicasting, IGMP proxy IP pim-sm : Hardware packet replication

Function supported:(max. 8 VLANs) DHCP server/Relay Function supported DHCP snooping Function supported

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The Versa Technology Gigabit Ethernet PON platform for both single home and multi home units is comprised of the CO-side concentrator, Versatek VXEP-3108, and the customer-side ONT(Optical Network Terminal), the Versatek VXEP-3204. The VXEP-3204 multiplexes traffic from 4 x 10/100M Ethernet interfaces into a gigabit Ethernet PON that connects to EP-3108. The VXEP-3204 is an in-premises gateway device that provides multi-user access services, delivered over a PON link connected to an EPON concentrator. The services delivered from the concentrator are distributed to end users by plugging the in-home device VIA 10/100M Ethernet.

The VXEP-3204 can be used to deliver services to multiple users and dual access control over single a fiber core, this results in reducing capital expenditure and operating expenditure. With the VXEP-3204 service providers can set service level agreement options securing precise QoS performance parameters.

The VXEP-3204 is an intelligent demarcation device that delivers always-on, high-speed internet data, Voice, and HD video services to subscribers through a compact box that simplifies andreduces the cost of major access applications.

The VXEP-3204 secures a migration path as a broadband convergence terminal for end-to-end Ethernet access. A robust and open web-based management system provides the capabilities necessary for operation, administration, maintenance and provisioning.

ONT, VXEP-3204

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Splitters

More GEPON Features:

• Fully integrated triple play solution to deliver TV, Internet and phone services at same platform • Multiple services on one platform, no expensive over-build in last mile network • Point-to-multipoint topology with splitter without field power requirement • Offer a real future-proof access network with flexibility and upgrade capability • Passive splitters to eliminate outside plant and field power requirements• Supports QoS • Easy management, easy accounting and easy upgrade with flexibility and scalability • Multicast support for IPTV video streaming • V.5x support for E1 uplink to carriers PSTN network • Split ratio up to 1:32 reaching up to 20 km • L2/L3 routing features • Managed by logical and easy GUI manager and SNMP

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The following sample has 4 view cameras based on the Main view Camera 1:Camera 1, Camera 2, Camera 3, and Camera 4.

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Main Perspective view, Camera 1

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Camera 2

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Camera 3

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Camera 4

Optional:

VDSL back-haul (fiber to the curb) DSL technology was originally intended to provide a data connection over the conventional copper loop from a CO to subscriber premises. A series of inventions has driven several generations of DSL, offering progressively faster speeds and higher frequencies over shorter and shorter copper loops. VDSL2 technology can support up to 100 Mbps over short loops, while speeds of 50-75 Mbps can be achieved up to 1 km (depending on grade of copper, cable lengths and interference). By using vectoring even higher speeds are feasible, typically 100Mbps per copper pair over a couple of hundreds of meters. In most cases the number of end users who can be reached directly by VDSL2 from the CO is quite limited because the loop lengths from the exchange to the subscriber are typically too long. VDSL2 is an excellent option, however, where the copper runs are short – for instance, for services over existing copper from a building basement or street side cabinet. A VDSL2 DSL Access Multiplexer (DSLAM) aggregates many copper subscribers lines onto a 1 Gbps backhaul link to a metro Ethernet switch and here a GEPON backhauling link is a very suitable choice.

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Optical network terminals (ONT) Optical line terminal (OLT),Optical network units (ONU)

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More GEPON advantages:• Download of large video files for editing or post-processing• Joint video editing or other forms of remote collaboration on huge files• Telepresence, which includes concurrent video, voice, and application traffic• Physical reach of at least 20 km .• Support for various bit rate options using the same protocol, including symmetrical 622 Mbits/sec, symmetrical 1.25 Gbits/sec, 1.25 Gbits/sec upstream, and others • Strong Operations, Administration, Maintenance, • Security at the protocol level for downstream traffic due to the multicast nature of PON

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Glossary:

• Optical network terminals (ONT) • Optical line terminal (OLT)• Optical network units (ONU) • Frequency-division multiplexing (FDM). • QoS Quality of Service• Injection-laser diode (ILD) • Private Branch Exchange (PBX)• Time-division multiplexing (TDM) • Wavelength Division Multiplexing WDM• CO – Central Office• FTTB – Fiber To The Business• FTTH – Fiber To The Home• FTTC – Fiber To The Curve

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Thanks for your precious time.Please, let us know if you have any additional question, thanks.Contact Name: Juan HerreraPhone: (909) 591-8891 Ext: 102E-mail: juanh@versatek.com