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Rhodes Monument,South Africa
Session 15: Culture, homelands, and global regions October 24, 2013
Norton, W. (2005). Cultural Geography: Environments, Landscapes, Identities, and Inequalities. Oxford University Press, Don Mills.
Readings: Chapter 6 of Norton – Regions as Homelands; Shaping the Contemporary World
1) Next class: Visit to the Aboriginal Student’s Centre! Please arrive at class 5 mins early!!!
2) UNESCO knowledge sharing exercise (20 mins)
3) Homelands; Racism and geography: Key concepts and definitions (10 mins)
4) Video workshop: Documentary on South Africa and interview questions for Skype discussion with Marius Brand (40 mins)
UNESCO Cultural Heritage
*Those who do not have an opportunity to share their findings today will present in class November 5
Videos & questions brainstorming session
Mandela The Man and His Country (25 minutes)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wit1-ly8THY
Cape Town’s District Six (8 minutes)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SlQVod6Dtdk
Following the video get into groups of 3 and brainstorm (at least 3) potential questions for Marius Brand – he will be doing a live Skype session with us about South African homelands, identity, anti-apartheid activism, and reconciliation. (15 minutes)
Homelands: concepts and definitions
Homelands: a concept used in geography by Carlson in discussing Hispano regions in the US
now used more widely in geography of the US
‘place that people identify with and have strong feelings about’ (Estaville 1993)
5 ingredients:
• a distinctive, self-consciously aware group, typically ethnic in character;• a distinctive cultural regional landscape;• an emotional bonding of the group with the region;• a degree of institutional control of the region;• sufficient time for these four conditions to develop.
Homelands: concepts and definitions
National unit – often equated with ‘homeland’
Also can be Subnational units (e.g. French Canadian cultural regions)
6 human values rooted in place (Nostrad & Estaville, 2001a:xxiii):
1. love for one’s birthplace and home2. emotional attachment to the land of one’s people3. sense of belonging to a special area4. loyalty defined by geographical parameters5. strength that comes from territoriality6. feeling of wholeness and restoration when returning to
one’s homeland
Homelands: concepts and definitions
Major critiques to the ‘homeland’ concept (most of which are centered around the US context):
- criticism of the use of the term ‘ethnic’ when referring to national and subnational identities
- such variations should not be exaggerated
Conzen: further developed applying ‘homelands’ to national groups
Identity (e.g., Indigenization: development of a place over generations)
Territoriality (e.g. control of land and resources)
Loyalty (e.g. defense of homeland against intruders)
Racism & geography
The Mistaken Idea of Race: “biological term that when applied to humans is a myth” (Norton, 2005, p. 248) – has been scientifically
debunked
There is only one species of humans biological differences exist only because of human
migration and isolation, and then adaptation to different
conditions (e.g., skin colour)
Race as a concept has been promoted and maintained and has contributed to colonialism, imperialism, and neocolonialism.
While ‘race’ is a misinterpretation and misguided construct, ‘racism’ is an observable phenomena
*Read Apartheid in South Africa (Norton, 2005, pg. 254-262)
Session 16: Power, identity and global landscapes – Part 1: Introductory concepts & themes
October 29, 2013
Visit to:
ABORIGINAL STUDENT CENTRE
University of Manitoba