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The Project Cycle Part 2The Project Cycle Part 2
Session 8Session 8
The Project CycleThe Project Cycle
The Project CycleThe Project Cycle
To Get to a Plan….You Need a Network Diagram
The Project CycleThe Project Cycle
The Network Diagram
Essentially the sequencing of activities
A tool for planning, scheduling and monitoring project progress
Developed from the WBS
A chart that graphically depicts the sequence, interdependencies, and start and finish times of the project job plan of activities that is the critical path through the network
The Project CycleThe Project Cycle
The Network Diagram
Provides the basis for scheduling labor and equipment
Enhances communication among project participants
Provides an estimate of the project’s duration
Provides a basis for budgeting cash flow
Highlights activities that are “critical” and cannot be delayed
Help managers get and stay on plan.
The Project CycleThe Project Cycle
The Network Diagram
The Project CycleThe Project Cycle
Activity On Arrow
The Project CycleThe Project Cycle
Activity On Node
The Project CycleThe Project Cycle
Relationships/Dependencies
The Project CycleThe Project Cycle
Relationships/Dependencies
The Project CycleThe Project Cycle
Relationships/Dependencies
• Networks typically flow from left to right
• An activity cannot begin until all of its preceding activities are complete
• Arrows indicate precedence and flow and can cross over each other
• Identify each activity with a unique number this number must be greater than its predecessors
• Looping is not allowed
• Conditional statements are not allowed
• Use common start and stop nodes.
The Project CycleThe Project Cycle
Network Diagram: Step 1
The Project CycleThe Project Cycle
Network Diagram: Step 2
The Project CycleThe Project Cycle
Network Diagram: Step 3
The Project CycleThe Project Cycle
Network Diagram: Step 4
Create Sequence!
The Project CycleThe Project Cycle
Network Diagram: Step 5
• A Forward Pass through the network determines the earliest times each activity can start and finish
• Forward Pass:• How soon can the activity start? (early start—ES)
• How soon can the activity finish? (early finish—EF)
The Project CycleThe Project Cycle
Network Diagram: Step 5
• Add activity times along each path in the network (ES + Duration = EF)
• Carry the early finish (EF) to the next activity where it becomes its early start (ES) unless…
• The next succeeding activity is a merge activity, in which case the largest EF of all preceding activities is selected.
The Project CycleThe Project Cycle
Network Diagram: Step 5
The Project CycleThe Project Cycle
Network Diagram: Step 6
• A Backward Pass through the network determines the latest times each activity can start and finish without delaying completion of the project
• Backward Pass :• How late can the activity start? (late start
—LS)• How late can the activity finish? (late
finish—LF)
The Project CycleThe Project Cycle
Network Diagram: Step 6
• Subtract activity durations along each path in the network (LF - Duration = LS)
• Carry the late start (LS) to the next activity where it becomes its late finish (LF) unless…
• The activity is a merger activity, in which case the smallest LS of the previous activities is selected.
The Project CycleThe Project Cycle
Network Diagram: Step 6
The Project CycleThe Project Cycle
Important Concepts
• Slack (or Float):• The duration an activity can be delayed after
the start of a longer parallel activity or activities• Total slack:• The duration an activity can be delayed without
delaying the entire project• The critical path is the network path(s)
that has (have) the least slack in common- normally Zero.
The Project CycleThe Project Cycle
Important Concepts
• Utilization of Slack:• If slack in an activity on a path is
used, the ES of all activities that follow in that chain will be delayed and their slack reduced. Use of total slack should therefore be coordinated with all participants in the activities that follow in that chain
The Project CycleThe Project Cycle
Important Concepts
• Free slack:• Free slack, however is unique because the
activity can be delayed without delaying the ES of activities following it. Free slack is defined as the difference between the EF of an activity and the ES of the activity that follows. Only activities where that occur at the end of a chain of activities (usually where you have a merge activity) can have free slack – Free slack does not affect the activities following it.
The Project CycleThe Project Cycle
The Network Diagram In MS Project
JANUARY 2007
FINAL DELIVERABLEFINAL DELIVERABLE
SUB DELIVERABLESSUB DELIVERABLES
The Project CycleThe Project Cycle
Schedule Bar Chart (Gantt)
The Project CycleThe Project Cycle
Responsibility Matrix
r
a
m
responsibility
assignment
matrix
The Project CycleThe Project Cycle
Responsibility Matrix
Task 1
Task 2
Task 3
Task 4
Task 5
Task 6
Person 1 Person 2 Person 3 Person 4
The Project CycleThe Project Cycle
Responsibility Matrix
One and only one person can be accountable. Multiple people can be responsible and certainly
others can be informed and consulted. Source: Glen B Alleman, (2007) Responsibility Assignment Matrix, Herding Cats
http://herdingcats.typepad.com/my_weblog/2007/02/responsibility_.html retrieved 2/8/08
The Project CycleThe Project Cycle
Responsibility Matrix
