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Maroof Raza’s presentation
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Indian Homeland (internal) Security
Maroof Raza
Risks and Opportunities
Mentor, Security Watch India
Context
Despite stable governance and growing economy, it saw more than 1883 terror-related deaths in 2010, making it one of the ten-most terrorism affected countries in the world.
And yet the infrastructure falls short of its mandate- protecting 1.2 billion people of India
However, the expenditure on Homeland Security is 0.95% of the Indian GDP. While this year government expects to spend close to US$16.89 billion on HLS, it still has long way to go.
India has number of Homeland (internal) Security personnel (2.7 million) approximately equal to the number of active military troops of US, UK, Germany and France combined.
PAKI
STAN
CHINA
NEPAL
SRI LANKA
Indian Homeland (internal) Security Scenario
Multiple secessionist
movements in Northeast
Growing threat of Maoist
insurgency, now infested in more
than seven states of India
Kashmir Insurgency along with cross-border terrorism.
Delhi
Mumbai
Bangalore
Chennai
Another significant threat is to
major cities, the economic hubs of the country
India’s current focus areas
MaoistThreat
Area Domination Focused development Denial of resources to the insurgents Intensive patrolling Critical infrastructure security
NortheastInsurgency
Border Protection Intensive patrolling Large-scale combing ops Gaining international cooperation Arrests Political concessions
Border Security Law & Order maintenance Intelligence gathering Raids
Intelligence gathering Active Interception Emergency Response preparedness Investigations and forensic follow-throughs Major events and critical infrastructure security
Kashmir
Urban Centers
Urban Centers
Abduction
Ambushes
Low Profile Assassinations
Another 26/11High-profile
Assassinations/Abductions
Critical Infrastructure Damage
Cyber attack
The Dirty Bomb Attack Attack on major events/
crowded places
Threat Scenarios
Low damage
High damage
Low publicity High publicity
Threats, Challenges & NeedsThreats Challenges Need
Kashmir Insurgency • Suicide Raids (fidayeen) attacks• Infiltration• Drugs & counterfeit currency smuggling • Public unrest
• Personnel protection gear• Riot control equipment• Surveillance equipment• Signal intercept technology• High-altitude combat gear
Left-wing Extremism by Maoists
• IED Attacks• Infrastructure Sabotage• Targeted Assassinations
• Aircrafts for troop movement• Counter-IED equipment• Critical infrastructure security• Automated security systems• Communication gear
Northeast • Public Unrest• IED Attacks• Ambushes• Arms and drugs smuggling
• Intelligence analysis software• Personnel protection gear• Riot control equipment• Surveillance equipment
Plots against cities • Bombing campaigns• 26/11-style attacks• Disruption to major events
• SWAT gear and training• Major event security• Large infrastructure security (airport)• Cyber security• Intelligence gathering and analysis equipment• Explosive detection equipment• CBRNe protection gear• Mobility through land and air• Coastal security
Ministry of Home Affaris
Intelligence Agencies
Aid for statesState Police
Forces
Central Paramilitary
Forces
Investigative agencies (NIA,
DRI, CBI)
HLS structure in India
Special forces (Force One,
Greyhounds)
State Paramilitaries & Home Guards
Ministry of Defence
Central level (ops.)
Border & Coastal Security (in
specific parts of the country)
State levelCentral level
US; 33.30%
India; 3.60%
France;
3.40%Ger-
many; 3.70%Saudi Arabia; 4.50%UK; 3.90%China; 5.20%
Others; 42.30%
Global Homeland Security Expenditure
42%
51%
7%
Expenditure on HLS by Various AgenciesMHA State Police Private
Biggest Spenders (States)
1. Uttar Pradesh2. Andhra Pradesh3. Jammu & Kashmir4. Delhi5. Karnataka6. Assam7. Tamil Nadu8. Haryana9. Jharkhand10. Chhattisgarh
Modernization (ranked)
1. Delhi2. Uttar Pradesh3. Andhra Pradesh4. Madhya Pradesh5. Maharashtra6. Jammu & Kashmir7. Punjab8. Rajsthan9. Assam10. Haryana
Training (ranked)
Major Growth Areas-1Mass Transit Systems:
One of the largest networks (64,000 km) in the world, Indian Railways suffers from sabotage incidents averaging about ten every month.
Indian RailwaysIndia has 128 airports including 14 international and 81 domestic flying more than 24 million passengers a year. Securing airports is of critical importance.
Civil Aviation
Delhi Metro handles 1.6 million passengers a day. Similar systems are now coming up in all metropolitans in India.
Intra-city transit12 Major Ports and 187 other ports in India handle close to 800 million tonnes of cargo every year and growing at the rate of 2.5%
Maritime
Major Growth Areas-2Force Modernization:
Both Central and State police forces require modern and sophisticated weapons for combating increasingly well-armed insurgents.
Weapons & EquipmentForces require new vehicles allowing their mobility in air, land and sea. Varied terrain all across India needs a variety of transportation solutions.
Mobility
Signal intercepts and electronic intelligence has become mainstay of security forces to predict and deter terrorist attacks.
Electronic SurveillanceGrowing threat of NBC attack from the terror groups has led government to expand its CBRNe Protection program and acquire variety of protection gear.
CBRNe Protection
Major Growth Areas-3Private Security:
India is world’s largest market for this, with 8 million security guards. Supplying specialized security and training personnel is a major growth area.
Security PersonnelProtecting critical infrastructure assets, especially the ones in insurgency-affected areas has become the highest priority for the Indian industry.
Critical Infrastructure
Analyzing vulnerability of operations, supply chains and physical premises has a huge potential among growing companies of India.
Risk AnalysisElectronic monitoring, especially CCTV surveillance has shown tremendous growth in India, projected to be more than US$ 700 million market by 2013.
Electronic Monitoring
Opportunities in the Indian Market
• Increased Threat Perception and Threat Domain
• Growing economy and greater purchasing capability
• Recent opening of procurement process means a vacuum of suppliers
• Multiplicity of Customers (10 Central + 28 State + Numerous customers in Private Industry)
• Emerging Indian companies to build strong alliances with
• Innovation is valued
For more information contact us at:[email protected]