Engineering ethics aylin sahin2

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ENGINEERING ETHICSAylin Şahin

03/2013Marmara University Engineering

Faculty

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What is Meant by Ethics?

Ethics, also known as moral philosophy, is a branch of philosophy that involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong conduct.

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What is Engineering?

The creative application of scientific principles to design or develop structures, machines, apparatus, or manufacturing processes, or works utilizing them singly or in combination; or to construct or operate the same with full cognizance of their design; or to forecast their behavior under specific operating conditions; all as respects an intended function, economics of operation or safety to life and property

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What is Engineering?

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Manhattan Project

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Hiroshima Atomic Bomb, 1945 - A Day That Shook The World

http://youtu.be/t19kvUiHvAE



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Klaus Fuchs

Born Klaus Emil Julius Fuchs 29 December 1911 Rüsselsheim, GermanyDied 28 January 1988 (aged 76) Dresden, East GermanyResidence Germany United Kingdom United States of America East GermanyNationality German BritishFields Theoretical physicsInstitutions Los Alamos National LaboratoryHarwell Atomic Energy Research EstablishmentInstitute for Nuclear Research in Rossendorf

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Questions

Is it ethical to start up a weapon improvement project to stop Germany’s rise?

Thousands of people worked in the Manhattan Project without knowing the real goal of the project. Ethic?

With spying of Mr. Fuchs time changed. Ethic?

Decisions made by engineers usually have serious consequences to people -- often to multitudes of people. Ethics and ethical reasoning guide decision-making.

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The Reasons of Insufficient Engineering

Study by Swiss Federal Institute of Technology-Zurich 800 cases of structural failure, 504 killed, 592 injured, millions of dollars in damage incurred.

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Engineering Ethics

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Engineering Ethics

Study of human morality Determining values in human conduct Deciding the “right thing to do” - based

upon a set of norms In Engineering:

dealing with colleagues dealing with clients dealing with employees dealing with “users’ dealing with public

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Typical Ethical Issues that Engineers Encounter

Safety Acceptable risk Compliance Confidentiality Environmental health Data integrity Conflict of interest Honesty/Dishonesty Societal impact Fairness Accounting for uncertainty, etc.

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Two Dimensions of Ethics in Engineering

Ethics is part of engineering for two main reasons.

a) Engineers need to be socially responsible when building products and processes for society.

b) Social responsibility requires professional responsibility.

Dr. C. Dianne Martin 15

Analysis of an Ethical Quandary

1. Who are the “stakeholders?”

2. What are the KEY statements (clues) in the problem?

3. What are the legal considerations?

4. What are the possible actions to be taken? (generate options)

5. Is there a clearly “right” action to be taken? (evaluate options)

Dr. C. Dianne Martin 16

Results of the Ethics Equation

ETHICAL BEHAVIOR UNETHICAL BEHAVIOR

• Quality products• Conservation of resources• Pride in work• Public safety• Timeliness• GOOD BUSINESS

• Shoddy products• Waste, fraud, greed• Abuse of expertise• Guilt, fear• Lack of safety• Cutting corners

• poor design• rushed testing

• DISASTERS!

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Code of Engineering Ethics

Shttp://engineeringmastersonline.ohio.edu/articles-and-resources/ultimate-guide-to-engineering-ethics/

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The Code of Ethics for Engineers

http://www.nspe.org/Ethics/CodeofEthics/index.html

Current Codes of Ethics

National Society of Professional Engineers: Code of ethics for engineers. The Engineering Code of Ethics: Principles and canons of engineer code of ethics. Software Engineering Code of Ethics: A brief copy of software engineering code of

ethics. Online Ethics Center: Ethical standard and guidelines for engineering. Code of Ethics: Code of ethics for chemical engineers. Civil Engineering: Code of ethics for civil engineering. Naval Engineers: Code of ethics for Naval engineers by the American Society of

Naval Engineers. Mechanical Engineers: Code of ethics geared towards all engineers. The American

Society of Mechanical Engineers provides interpretation of the codes for mechanical engineers.

Electrical Engineers: Code of ethics applicable to engineers of all disciplines. Chemical Engineers: Code of ethics for chemical engineers. Professional Engineers: Code for registered professional engineers.

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The Engineering Code of Ethics

The Engineering Code of Ethics has three components:

The Fundamental Canons: which articulate the basic components of ethical engineering.

The Rules of Practice: which clarify and specify in detail the fundamental canons of ethics in engineering.

Professional Obligations: which elaborate the obligations that engineers have.

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NSPE Fundamental Canons of Ethics - 1

Engineers in the fulfillment of their professional duties shall:

Hold paramount the safety, health, and welfare of the

public.

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Perform services only in areas of their competence.

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Issue public statements only in an objective and truthful

manner.

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NSPE Fundamental Canons of Ethics -4


Act for each employer or client as faithful agents or

trustees.

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Avoid deceptive acts.

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Conduct themselves honorably, responsibly,

ethically, and lawfully, so as to enhance the honor,

reputation, and usefulness of the profession.

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Other Disaster Examples 1. Boston Molasses

DisasterThe Boston Molasses Disaster, also known as the Great Molasses Flood and the Great Boston Molasses Tragedy, occurred on January 15, 1919, in the North End neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts in the United States. A large molasses storage tank burst, and a wave of molasses rushed through the streets at an estimated 35 mph (56 km/h), killing 21 and injuring 150.

Engineering Ethics Case Study: The Challenger Disaster Mark P. Rossow, P.E., Ph.D.

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2. Space Shuttle Challenger

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=COZ-GKfwQX8

KEY DATES1974 - Morton-Thiokol awarded contract to build solid rocket boosters.1976 - NASA accepts Morton-Thiokol's booster design.1977 - Morton-Thiokol discovers joint rotation problem. November 1981 - O-ring erosiondiscovered after second shuttle flight.January 24, 1985 - shuttle flight that exhibited the worst O-ring blow-by.July 1985 - Thiokol orders new steel billets for new field joint design.August 19, 1985 - NASA LevelI management briefed on booster problem.January 27, 1986 - night teleconference to discuss effects of cold temperature on boosterperformance.January 28, 1986 - Challenger explodes 72 seconds after liftoff.




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2. Space Shuttle Challenger

1. Ethical issue: Did NASA take extra risks because of pressure to maintain Congressional funding?2. Ethical issue: Did Thiokol take extra risks because of fear of losing its contract with NASA?3. Ethical issue: Was the Principle of Informed Consent violated?4. Ethical issue: What role did whistle blowing have in the Challenger story?5. Ethical issue: Who had the right to Thiokol documents relating to the Challenger disaster?6. Ethical issue: Why are some engineering disasters considered ethical issues and others are not?

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethics http://

www.yourdictionary.com/library/reference/define-ethics.html

Engineers' Council for Professional Development. (1947). Canons of ethics for engineers

http://iweb.tms.org/Communities/FTAttachments/material_disasters_Nik_Chawla.pdf

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Molasses_Disaster http://engineeringmastersonline.ohio.edu/articles-and-

resources/ultimate-guide-to-engineering-ethics/


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethics

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethics

http://www.yourdictionary.com/library/reference/define-ethics.html



http://www.worldcatlibraries.org/oclc/26393909&referer=brief_results






http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Molasses_Disaster

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Molasses_Disaster

http://engineeringmastersonline.ohio.edu/articles-and-resources/ultimate-guide-to-engineering-ethics/



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Engineering ethics aylin sahin2