"EA is a tool to find potential savings hidden in organizations"

06/08/101

DRAFTArchitecture

200

Architecture in Detail

06/08/102

DRAFT

Course Topics

• EA—Hidden Gold• Concepts of Business Value• How EA Finds Pay Dirt• DEAR: Picking Up Gold Nuggets• Future Projects: Setting Up Mining Camp• Other Gold Strikes: EA Inside and Outside

the Interior• Conclusion

06/08/103

DRAFT

EA—Hidden Gold

Course Topic 1

EA is a tool to find potential savings hidden in organizations.

06/08/104

DRAFT

EA—Hidden Gold

Enterprise Architecture (EA) Definition• Enterprise Your business; whatever it is you’re doing. Can be an organization

(for instance, DOI or MMS) or it can be one line of business (fighting wildfires) that cuts across several organizations

• Architecture The structure or structural description of your business• Enterprise architecture (EA) The structural description of your business

– Can be in the form of models, diagrams, or text– Describes how the enterprise operates

• How business processes and rules relate• How information flows• Where work happens• Who the users are• What hardware, software, data, and security is used for the business

– First step is to evaluate the existing EA– Second step is to decide what EA the business needs for the future

• Modernization blueprint Plan for a future EA

06/08/105

DRAFT

EA—Hidden Gold

History• EA has been around since the 1980’s Zachman framework defined several

views of (ways to look at) an organization– How it works– What it needs to work– Where it works– Who works it– When it works– Why it works

• Together, these views are a model of the organization, which – Shows how parts of the organization are related– Can be experimented with more safely and cheaply than the real thing

• EA in the federal government– Some parts (NIST) started using EA in the late 1980s– Main push in 1996– Clinger-Cohen Act of 1996 requires department CIOs to reform technology

investment with EA• Technology buys should be driven by business needs, not the other way around

06/08/106

DRAFT

EA—Hidden Gold

Recent developments• GAO Report to Congressional Committees,

February 2002 http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d026.pdf

– Federal government EA is immature– At risk of investing in more incompatible,

redundant IT– Departments should lead in EA; lower levels

will follow– Five levels of maturity:

● Creating EA awareness● Building the EA management foundation● Developing architecture products● Completing architecture products● Leveraging the EA for managing change

• OMB has tied funding to EA progress• 2002 Presidential initiatives closely related to EA

● See http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/budget/fy2002/mgmt.pdf

http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d026.pdf

http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/budget/fy2002/mgmt.pdf

06/08/107

DRAFT

EA—Hidden Gold

Security IT investment Portfolio mgt. Config. mgt. EA PMA/E-gov Trust Programs

DOI Strat Plan draft

C&A list

ITBRS

DEAR

PMA TS

USFS Rec

PART

Results.gov

BLM CMR

ITMR list

CPIC inv.

ABC Matrix ABC Matrix

Fido.gov

NWCG fire list

IDA ERWin

POB DB

IT spending report/53

FEAPMO.gov

USGS EA

ITA Pop

OMB EAMS

DashBoard

Trust list

Bureau repos. Bureau repos.

Before EA

Architecture information in lots of isolated systems.

Most are used only within one community of interest.

06/08/108

DRAFT

EA—Hidden Gold


DOI Strat Plan final

Command Ctr

ITIPS

DEAR

PMA TS

DEAR at bureaus

FEAMS FEAMS

TEATEA

ABC/M ABC/M

After EA (Short-term. Long-term will be more change in the same direction)

• Fewer systems, more connections. • Related systems are combined.• All lines of business use DEAR (DOI Enterprise Architecture Repository)• Some systems remain because they really do have a unique purpose

● Even of these, many have at least one-way communication with DEAR

06/08/109

DRAFT

Concepts of Business Value

Course Topic 2

There are several foundational concepts that will help you understand EA.

06/08/1010

DRAFT


“When we mean to build,We first survey the plot, then draw the model,And when we see the figure of the house,Then must we rate the cost of the erection,Which if we find outweighs ability,What do we then but draw anew the modelIn fewer offices, or at least desistTo build at all?”—William Shakespeare (Henry IV, Part 2, act 1,

sc. 2, l. 41-8.)

The proposed target architecture may be efficient, may save money, and may be a good idea, but the manager still has to decide whether there is money available to get to the point of return on the investment

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DRAFT


Component-Based Architecture• Component: A self-contained piece that can replace or be replaced

by another component with the same function– A tire is a component of a car– A 2”x2” piece of metal on a car bumper is not a component; it cannot

easily be replaced without replacing the whole bumper• Using components in architecture

means defining components by the functions they do

● A component can be replaced by any other component with the same function, whatever it looks like or whatever other functions it has

● You can replace a tire with any other tire of the same type, regardless of what color it is or what car it came from

06/08/1012

DRAFT


Component-Based Architecture (continued)• Advantages of component-based architecture

– One piece of a system can become obsolete and be replaced without replacing the whole system

– A component developed or bought for one system can be re-used in other systems for a fraction of the price

– Less dependence on any one technology vendor• Disadvantages

– Can cost more than a system sold as a unit• But the long-term cost of replacing one part is

much less than the cost of replacing the system– Less efficient than a system where every part is

optimized for one specialized function• But it’s no comparison to the inefficiency when the

whole system isn’t working and can’t be quickly fixed with a component

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DRAFT


Lines of Business• A line of business is a task or

related set of tasks, such as fighting wildfires. It may be contained in one organization, but EA is especially concerned with the ones that cross organizations.

– NPS and BLM both have a major firefighting business

• So does the USDA’s Forest Service

• EA looks at all the organizations involved in a line of business, and ● Looks for best practices● Looks for efficiency and effectiveness● Defines the best way to do business in those organizations● Recommends that all involved organizations standardize to the best way of

doing the business

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DRAFT


Lines of Business (continued)• Ways in which it’s more efficient to concentrate on lines of business

– Best methods can be developed once, used by everybody– Costs saved from duplicated efforts make up for methods which may not

perfectly fit every organization– Everyone looks at the business in the same way

• Better communication; cuts down on organizational jargon– Easier to transfer data, people, etc. between organizations when everyone

works the same way• Over 20 lines of business have been defined in the Interior. The EA team

is now working on:– Law (law enforcement)– Fire (fighting wildfires)– Recreation (managing recreation on government lands; see the progress

already made at http://www.recreation.gov)– Financial management (paycheck and other financial business common to

Interior organizations)– Trust (Indian Trust work)

http://www.recreation.gov/

http://www.recreation.gov/

06/08/1015

DRAFT


Business drives everything • It’s better to work slowly at your mission than to work fast at

something that isn’t your job– If your job is mining, spending one dollar on even the fastest cow-

milking technology is a bad investment• To know a good investment, you first have to know your business

– EA forces you to relate everything you have and do to your business

• Temptation is to buy whatever is new and flashy

● EA forces you to show a business need for every new investment

● EA guards against equipment that quickly becomes obsolete

06/08/1016

DRAFT


FEA Reference Models• Federal templates for architecture

– Management tool for focusing on business needs

– Required by OMB– See www.feapmo.gov

• Five models, for five different views of the architecture– Performance Reference Model (PRM)– Business Reference Model (BRM)– Service Component Reference Model (SRM)– Technical Reference Model (TRM)– Data Reference Model (DRM)

http://www.feapmo.gov/

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DRAFT


FEA Reference Models (continued)• Models depend on each other; PRM and BRM

drive the others• “[T]hese models will enable better alignment of

IT and the business of government. OMB and agency officials will use them to improve agency performance, increase intergovernmental collaboration and reduce costs for the taxpayer, furthering the goals of the President's Management Agenda and making government services more citizen-centered." —Mark Forman, OMB Administrator for E-government and IT

06/08/1018

DRAFT


Common use of data

Data standards and definitions

DRMData

InvestmentsTechnology that does the tasks

TRMTechnical

TRM, DRMCapabilities to accomplish business

SRMService Component

SRMWhat the business isBRMBusiness

BRMGoals, metricsPRMPerformance

DrivesDescribesAbbrevModelFEA Reference Models (continued)

06/08/1019

DRAFT


EA and the investment cycle• Three phases of investment cycle: select, control, evaluate

– The sooner in the investment cycle that EA is considered, the better

Select

Control

Evaluate

• Select● EA recommends what to select

and reject based on value and compatibility with other systems and organizations

• Control● EA recommends how to set up

relationships between systems• Evaluate

● EA recommends which systems to phase out, which to expand, and which to keep for now but not add to

06/08/1020

DRAFT


EA System Evaluation

• You can graph the maturity of different aspects of a system’s architecture– Data

– Applications

– Technology

• The quadrant a system falls in suggests the most cost-effective future for the system

Ap

plic

atio

ns a

nd te

chno

log

y m

atu

rity

Data maturity

Legacy Architecture:Immature in applications,

technology, and data

Target Architecture:Mature in applications,technology, and data

MigrationApplications/technology current,

but data redundant

MigrationData stored only once, but

applications/technologyoutdatedIntegrate

KeepConsolidate/Retire

Phase out

System A

System J

System F System G

System E

System H

System D

System I

System C

System B

06/08/1021

DRAFT


EA and Activity-Based Costing (ABC)• ABC is a way of tracking money spent by specific activity

– Shows where time is spent– Increases accountability for cost management

• ABC work is related to EA, but it was one more stove-piped set of information

• EA now has a relationship with the ABC work– ABC tracking of time and money is closely related to process and

business architecture– Connecting ABC work activities with the BRM shows whether time is

being spent on the mission or something else– Connecting system relationships with the BRM and ABC work

activities shows whether systems are being used for the mission

06/08/1022

DRAFT


EA and the DOI Strategic Plan• Strategic Plan, like ABC, is related to EA, but it was also stove-piped.• EA now has a relationship with the strategic planners

– Strategic Plan answers the questions of what we do and why– Relating Strategic Plan to EA clarifies relationships between Strategic Plan

and business, IT investments, etc.

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DRAFT

How EA Finds Pay Dirt

Course Topic 3

How EA works.

06/08/1024

DRAFT


• “Unobstructed access to facts can produce unlimited good only if it is matched by the desire and ability to find out what they mean and where they lead.”

• “The computer can provide a correct number, but it may be an irrelevant number until judgment is pronounced.”

--Norman Cousins

Having artifacts, a methodology, or even a blueprint, is not enough. There has to be a connection to the customer.

However, EA only makes recommendations. It is the manager’s decision whether to act on the recommendations.

06/08/1025

DRAFT


“What is the structure of government that will best guard against the precipitate counsels and factious combinations for unjust purposes, without a sacrifice of the fundamental principle of republicanism?”--James Madison

EA helps managers build an architecture for the Interior based on the mission, not on politics, funding, legislation, or

organization.

06/08/1026

DRAFT


EA’s “Take-Action” ProductThe ultimate result of the EA team’s work is analysis and recommendations for the customer to take action on

EA Team• Assess it

● Are systems too old or costly to maintain?

● Could systems be tied together better?

Customer• Decide whether to take action

● Let’s consolidate those systems● Funding is short, let’s not

improve data integrity right now● Let’s propose these investments● Let’s plan out a strategy

● Are business process issues being ignored?● How can information be more centralized? ● Could information be easier to get to?

• Recommend action● You should consolidate these systems● You should improve security and data integrity● You should propose these investments● You should plan a strategy

• Envision it● This is what it does, and this is what it could

do

06/08/1027

DRAFT


The four phases of EA

All of the phases use DEAR, either adding to DEAR’s data or analyzing what’s in it

DEAR

Phase 1Envision the future

architecture

Phase 2Determine scope,

collect data

Phase 3Analyze and aligninformation with

federal architecture

Phase 4Build modernizationblueprints, at tacticaland strategic levels

06/08/1028

DRAFT


Phase 1 Envision the future architecture

• Take these ingredients…– FEA reference models– Technical standards– Industry best practices

• …And build a vision out of them– Conceptual target architecture

• Conceptual target architecture is not the “final” target architecture.

– It is a sketch we use to make a blueprint– To make the blueprint, we’ll have to take a lot of

measurements (collect data)– Then we need to make a detailed drawing of the planned

additions• The conceptual target architecture gives us something

to measure against– We can now develop assessment criteria– You measure against the criteria to find how close the

current architecture is to the target architecture.

Conceptual target architecture

Target architecture

06/08/1029

DRAFT


Phase 2 Determine scope, collect data

• Decide which systems are within scope (which ones to collect data on)

• Interview the system experts– Use data collection templates

• Templates standardize data collecting and recording

• Study related documentation• Analyze findings; put them into

system models in DEAR

RIPS RAS

Business Area Line of Business Sub Function BLM Function Work Activity PEPlace an 'x' in this column for every Service Component that this System

Component implements.

Place an 'x' in this column for every Service Component that this System

Component implements.

Develop & Issue Federal Fluid Mineral Leases EI

Process Coal Leases ELProcess Indian Pre-Lease Actions FK

Process Hydropower Licenses FN

Process Fluid Minerals APDs EJ

Process Fluid Minerals Sundry Notices FJ

Process Coal Post-Lease Actions EM

Process Oil & Gas Reservoir Management Agreements FF

Process Administrative Changes Post Lease Federal Fluid Minerals

FI

Evaluate Forest & Woodland Treatments MB

Conduct Census on WH&B Areas MC

Monitor Wilderness & Wilderness Study Areas MD

Evaluate Rangeland Health MJ RAS - information used for evalMonitor Herd Management Areas MP

Monitor Grazing Allotments ML RAS - information used for evalMonitor Terrestorial Habitat MQ RAS - information used for evalMonitor Species Populations MRMonitor Water Resources MU RIPS - record of improvementsMonitor Shrub & Grass Treatments

MXRIPS - record of treatments RAS - information used for eval

Monitor Non-Sec 106 Cultural Properties & Paleontological Localities

MY

Monitor Fire Rehab Treatments

MZRIPS - record of treatments

Maintain Shrub, Grassland, PJ, Forest Projects

JCRIPS - record of treatments RAS - authorizations used as tool

Remediate AML Physical Safety Hazards

HP

Implement AML Projects to Restore Water Quality

JK

Inventory Abandoned Mine Land Sites

BH

Respond to Hazmat Risk Sites HO

Process HazMat Cost Avoidance & Recovery Cases NQ

Mitigate Other (Non-HazMat) Sites

HQ

Monitor & Maintain HazMat & NRDAR Sites

MG

Conduct Emergency RehabilitationPlug Orphan Wells & Restore LandscapeMonitor Hazardous Fuels Treatments

MT

Provide Support to Restore Helath of Public Lands

PH RIPS - record of improvements RAS - rangeland health data table

Restore Forest & Woodlands JE

Apply Weed Treatments JD RIPS - record of treatmentsApply Lake & Wetland Treatments

JF

Apply Stream & Riparian Treatments

JG RIPS - record of treatments RAS - grazing is a treatmentConstruct Lake/Wetland/Stream/Riparian Projects

JH

Apply Fire Rehabilitation Treatments

JL RIPS - records of EFR activities RAS - grazing may be the tool usedPlan for T&E Species Recovery

DK

Implement Special Status Species Recovery & Conservation Actions

JPRAS - accommodate mediation

Respond to Public Health & Safety Incidents

NN

Conduct Other Law Enforcement Activities

NO

Process Cost Recovery Or Civil Enforcement Cases

NQ

Provide Support to Homeland SecurityEmergency Closures NORespond to Public Health & Safety Incidents

NN

Recuce Threats to Publics and Property

AF

Process Tresspass & Unauthorized Occupancy Cases

NJRIPS - record of improvements RAS - grazing trespass

Respond to Natural Resource/Property Incidents

NL RIPS - improvement maint/vandalism RAS - grazing trespassEvaluate PRPs for Cost Recovery

NP

Develop Supplemental Rules NOInspect Dams HK RIPS - record of inspectionsInspect Bridges HJ

Inspect Public Water Supplies

Maintain Lake/Wetland/Stream/Riparian Projects

JIRIPS - record of maintenance

Evaluate Weed Treatments MK RIPS - record of treatmentsEvaluate Lake & Wetland Habitat

MN

Monitor Stram & Riparian Habitat

MO RIPS - record of treatmentsMonitor Fire Rehabilitation Treatments

MZ RIPS - record of treatments/efrAssess Alaska Minerals BBInventory Non-Sec 106 Cultural & FLPMA/NEPA Paleontological Resources

BC

Inventory Wilderness Character BE

Assess Hazard Sites & Facilities BF

Assess Other Hazards BGInventory Water Resources BNAssess Sub-basin & Regional Landscapes CA

Inventory Soil Resources BO

Assess Watersheds BP RAS - Rangeland health data tableComplete Ecological Site Inventory BQ

Inventory Wildlife & Plant Habitats CB

Inventory Shrub/Grass/PJ Vegetation BR

Inventory for Noxious Weeds BS

Inventory Forest & Woodland Vegetation BT

Inventory Wetlands & Lakes BUInventory Stream & Riparian Areas BV

Process Non-Section 106 Cultural & Paleo Data FD

Catalog BLM Museum Objects BWRIPS - why limited to cultural, where is the catalog of investments

Provide Program Support to Commercial Activities PB RIPS - record of improvementsProvide Program Support for Natural & Cultural Heritage PC

Provide Support on Condition of Public Lands PG

Provide Support for Technical & Economic Assistance

PF

Prepare Pre-Land Use Plan DNComplete Land Use Plan Scoping Report & Planning Criteria

DO

Prepare Draft Land Use Plan DP

Prepare Proposed LUP & Final EIS DQ

Resolve Protest & Prepare ROD DR

Prepare Draft EIS & Level LUP Amendments DS

Prepare Final LUP & Amendment & ROD DT

Prepare EA Level LUP Amendment & Decision Record

DU

Evaluate Land Use Plans DJ

Plan for Commercial Activities DB

Prepare Wilderness/WSR/NSHT/Cultural Activities

DC

Plan for Interdisciplinary Activities DF

Plan For Herd Management Levels DI

Restore Cultural & Paleo Properties

HF

Catalog BLM Museum Objects BW RIPS - why limited to cultural, where is the catalog of investments

Ensure Fire Preparedness HT

Apply Shrub & Grassland Vegetation Treatments

JARIPS - record of treatments RAS - grazing is a treatment

Construct Shrub, Grallsand, PJ, Forest Projects

JB

Implement Fuels Management Treatment Outside the Wildland Urban Interface

JM

RIPS - record of treatments RAS - grazing is a treatmentApply Development Treatments for Forest and Woodland Restoration

JNRIPS - record of treatments

Implement Fuels Management Treatment Within the Wildland Urban Interface

JW

RIPS - record of treatments RAS - grazing is a treatmentDesignate Sites for PreservationMonitor Air & Resource Conditions

MI

Provide Technology TransferEnsure Fire Preparedness HTSuppress Wildland Fires HUImplement Fuel Treatment Within Wildland Urban Interface

JWRIPS - record of treatments RAS - grazing is a treatment

Reduce Fuel Loads JM RIPS - grazing is a treatment RAS - grazing is a treatmentProvide Outreach for Natural & Cultural Heritage

AE

Provide Outreach Through Environmental Education

AL

Provide Customer Service for Economic & Technical Assistance

AH

Provide Outreach & Customer Service for Commercial Activities

AC

Provide Land & Title Information

AG

Process FOIA & Appeals BX RIPS - data storage accessedPost Authorized Use Records to Case File

BX RIPS - record of improvementsCapture Digital Record of Authorized Use

BM RIPS - record of improvements RAS - tabular not spacial

Manage Public Land Records BX RIPS - record of impmts/treatments RAS - auths/apps/billsProvide Docket Services XHRecord Administrative Designations

BX

Maintain Tribal & Trust Responsibilities

BX

Consummate NAGPRA DispositionsApprove Cadastral Survey Miles

BJ

Complete Cadastral Field Miles Survey

BK

Collect Digital Cadastral Data [GCDB]

BL

Update Digital Cadastral Data [GCDB]

BM

Prepare Master Title Plats BIProcess Survey Appeals BKCalculate & Disburse Payments

XI RAS - distribution of grazing receiptsConvey Alaska Native Allotments

HM

Patent Alaska Native Corporation Lands

HY

Patent Alaska State Conveyances

HX

Process Land Purchases & Donations

HN

Process Land Exchanges FMExchange Lands or Interests in Lands

HNRIPS - cost recovery for BLM investments and interests

Purchase LWCF Parcels HNDetermine Mining Claim Validity

EY

Process Mineral Patents EYPatent or Deed Townsites or Townsite Lots

EU

Process Land Disposals EUEvaluate ProposalsConduct NEPA ReviewPrepare Vegative Permits & Contracts EG

Manage Commercial Forests & Woodlands HL

Manage Helium Storage & Sales EK

Process Mineral Material Disposals EP

Sell Materials & Collect Receipts XI

Gather & Remove Wild Horses & Burros JJ

Prepare & Hold Wild Horses & Burros HI

Adopt Wild Horse & Burros HGConduct Wild Horse & Burro Compliance Inspections NK

Preparation of New RegulationsGrazing Permits/Leases Issued EE

RIPS - Assignment of Range Improvements RAS - permits and leases

Process Non-Energy Mineral Licenses, Permits or Leases EN

Process Cultural & Paleontological Resource Use Permits

FB

Conduct NEPA Review

Grazing Use Authorizations EF RAS - bills and approved non-use

BLM Business Reference Model / Enterprise Model V2 - This model is a BLM-specific function/activity model that is mapped directly to ABC Program Elements that are related directly

to the organization's Missions, Goals and Objectives.

Ser

vice

fo

r C

itiz

ens

Law Enforcement

Homeland SecurityKey Asset and Critical Infrastructure

Protection

Natural Resources

Property Protection

Citizen Protection

Conservation and Land Management

Use Authorizations

Transfers

Sales

Land Title Administration

Cadastral Survey

Information & Records

Environmental Education

Wildland Fire

Research

Implementation

Planning

Assessments

Treatment Evaluation & Projects Maintenance

Public Health & Safety Inspections

Enforcement

Recovery Plans

Landscapes (Watersheds) At-Risk

Hazardous Sites

Abandoned Mine Lands

Monitoring & Evaluation

Energy

Environmental Management

Energy Resource Management

Environmental Monitoring and Forecasting

Environmental Remediation

Energy Use Authorizations

The data collection template: the spreadsheet that is the BRM

06/08/1030

DRAFT


Phase 2 (continued) • Interviews cover

– Who and why (business)– What and how (technology)– Where and when (both)

• At least one interview is done for every major application in Interior – Major effort; 2-4 hour interview for each of

200 applications• Data quality is reviewed to see that

data collection standards are followed– Analysis and planning are useless if data

is flawed

Interviews are the EA team’s data mine

06/08/1031

DRAFT


Phase 3 Align Interior architecture with federal architecture

• Compare Interior EA with – PRM– BRM– SRM– TRM– DRM

• Classify accordingly

06/08/1032

DRAFT


Phase 3 (continued)Sample questions • Compare the business architecture (BRM/PRM)

– Does the system support business functions?– Does the system support Interior strategies, goals, and

objectives?– Are there other systems that do what this system does? (Is

there functional overlap?)• Compare the service component architecture (SRM)

– Are there documented system design requirements?– Are system interfaces defined and documented?– Are high-level design or operational concepts defined?

06/08/1033

DRAFT


Phase 3 (continued)Sample questions • Compare the technology architecture (TRM)

– Is the technology authorized for continuing use by the TRM?– Are infrastructure components and services shared?– Do the technology products and practices employed match the TRM

standards and best practices?• Compare the data architecture (DRM)

– Are there documented data standards and protocols?– How mature is the data storage? Data access?– Can other systems access and modify the same data entities? (Do

other systems overlap in the area of data?)

06/08/1034

DRAFT


Phase 3 (continued)• Model the systems and

their relationships in DEAR

• Templates to use:– Application Portfolio

Analysis Template– System Portfolio Analysis

Template (Criteria)– System Portfolio Analysis

Template (Scoring)System Portfolio

Analysis Template (Criteria)

System Portfolio Analysis Template

(Scoring)

Application Portfolio Analysis

Template

06/08/1035

DRAFT


Phase 3 (continued)• Classify the

architecture accordingly:– Legacy architecture:

phase out– Low data maturity

systems: consolidate– Low applications /

technology maturity: reengineer

– Target: use as shining example!

App

licat

ions

and

tech

nolo

gy m

atur

ity

Data maturity

Legacy Architecture:Immature in applications,

technology, and data

Target Architecture:Mature in applications,technology, and data

MigrationApplications/technology current,

but data redundant

MigrationData stored only once, but

applications/technologyoutdatedIntegrate

KeepConsolidate/Retire

Phase out

System A

System J

System F System G

System E

System H

System D

System I

System C

System B

06/08/1036

DRAFT


Phase 4 Modernization blueprints• There are two modernization blueprints, produced and managed in parallel

– Tactical = short-term; what we can get a return on right now– Strategic = long-term; a broader view on saving and improving

• Tactical modernization blueprint supports these decisions:– O&M expenditures– Project management

• Strategic modernization blueprint supports these decisions:– Investment proposals– Business cases

System X System X+ System X2O&M $ Investment $

What wehave now

We can make tacticalimprovements now

We can make strategicimprovements in our next

investment

With thismoney

With thismoney

06/08/1037

DRAFT


Phase 4

06/08/1038

DRAFT


Phase 4How to use a Tactical Modernization Blueprint• The blueprint shows managers

– Best candidates for tactical improvements– Estimated time/money involved for each– Models of architecture: as it now is, and as it should be– Dependencies

• Managers can then – Define and manage a baseline– Set improvement targets– Identify, select, and propose improvements

• EA analysts create a Tactical Modernization Blueprint Sequencing Plan– Shows start and finish dates of events– Shows which events depend on others

06/08/1039

DRAFT


Phase 4 How to use a Strategic Modernization Blueprint• Supports

– Mission goals– Tactical plans– What phase of investment each system is in– Systems that overlap (candidates for cost savings)– Relationships between systems and initiatives (such as e-government)– Federal guidance on architecture and e-government– Recommendations for a more cost-effective architecture

• EA analysts derive a Strategic Modernization Blueprint Sequencing Plan

– Road map to a more cost-effective architecture– Plan for retiring and re-engineering systems– Shows which investment proposals are most urgently needed for the

future architecture

06/08/1040

DRAFT


Phase 4Value of modernization blueprints

• Tactical recommendations give managers something to use now, with today’s dollars

– Top-down effect: High-level managers can watch how results affect overall mission

– Bottom-up effect: Practical tool for middle managers’ wise spending

• Strategic recommendations give managers an overall business direction for their technology and line of business

– Top-down effect: Practical tool for high-level managers to use in major decisions

– Bottom-up effect: Big-picture view for middle managers, showing where business is headed

06/08/1041

DRAFT


High-Level EA• EA is at the 50,000-foot level this year (see

following slide)– Concentrating on modeling what already exists

at Interior– Mapping Interior lines of business

• DOI has more complex lines of business than any other government department except DOD

– Rolling out DEAR

• In FY05● Modernization blueprint● Get EA involved in the first step of the investment cycle

● Defining business need should be a fundamental part of a business case

• Future efforts will include ● Business Process Reengineering (BPR)● Target Application Architecture (TAA)● Data efforts

06/08/1042

DRAFT


Depth Meter

0 20 40 60 80 100

Breadth Meter

0 20 40 60 80 100

Breadth Meter

0 20 40 60 80 100

Depth Meter

0 20 40 60 80 100

Depth Meter

0 20 40 60 80 100

Breadth Meter

0 20 40 60 80 100

Breadth Meter

0 20 40 60 80 100

Depth Meter

0 20 40 60 80 100

Depth Meter

0 20 40 60 80 100

Breadth Meter

0 20 40 60 80 100

OMB

DOI

Group of DOIsystems

Related systems

Individual systemsAt this level, we look at relatedsystems

At this level, we look at groups of systems

At this level, we look at entire DOI

At this level, we relate DOI to OMB

Data collection is below

this level

06/08/1043

DRAFT

DEAR: Picking Up Gold Nuggets

Course Topic 4

Like picking gold nuggets off the ground, DEAR is the Interior’s first search for value,

and a preparation for future EA projects.

06/08/1044

DRAFT


The problems and the solution

• Problem Many sources of EA information across Interior.

– Failure to communicate between Interior and bureaus– Failure to communicate within Interior across lines of

business

• Problem OMB wants to track Interior information related to FEA models

• Solution DEAR—a repository that is the one source of record for Interior-tracked systems that cross bureaus.

– About 800 systems so far– Does not include state-level systems– DEAR is set up to fit with FEA templates

• DEAR is the EA team’s first major project; it is the foundation for future projects


DOI Strat Plan final

Command Ctr

ITIPS

DEAR

PMA TS

DEAR at bureaus

FEAMS FEAMS

TEATEA

ABC/M ABC/M


DOI Strat Plan draft

C&A list

ITBRS

DEAR

PMA TS

USFS Rec

PART

Results.gov

BLM CMR

ITMR list

CPIC inv.

ABC Matrix ABC Matrix

Fido.gov

NWCG fire list

IDA ERWin

POB DB

IT spending report/53

FEAPMO.gov

USGS EA

ITA Pop

OMB EAMS

DashBoard

Trust list

Bureau repos. Bureau repos.

Fewer data sources, more connections, with DEAR

06/08/1045

DRAFT


What is DEAR?

• Data warehouse– Bureaus are like stores

• Get their data from the warehouse

• Most users don’t see the warehouse; they do their business directly with the store

• Central to EA: stores all architecture-related models, data, and artifacts, produces reports for EA– Takes data in many formats and sizes

– Combines and compares related data

• Reporting tool: gives decision-makers critical information for analyzing architecture

DEAR organizes information so

patterns become clear

06/08/1046

DRAFT


• What goes into DEAR– All the related data that used to be isolated in

unconnected databases– New data, that’s being collected right now

• What comes out of DEAR– Reports on Interior’s assets

• Use the series of standard reports, or create the report you need

– Models• Who uses DEAR

– People who collect and input architecture data– People who analyze architecture data– People who use this information for IT decisions

DEAR

A

B

Q

JI

P

T

EV

S

12

30

4

9

8

5

7

U

6

YR

DZ

M

N

L H

Best Business Pr

est in

actice: Inv

06/08/1047

DRAFT

Future Projects: Setting Up Mining Camp

Course Topic 5

Like setting up a mining camp, future projects will establish EA as a way of

thinking about investment value.

06/08/1048

DRAFT


Target Application Architecture (TAA)

• Successful project at bureau level; to be adapted for Interior

• Explains concepts and best practices for doing more with less

• Describes architectural issues with the Interior’s application portfolio

• Discusses costs and benefits• Predicts impacts of various choices

06/08/1049

DRAFT


BPR (Business Process Re-engineering)• What is it?

– Successful bureau project, adaptable to Interior– One-time revolutionary redesign, not continuous

improvement• Why?

● OMB requirements ● Circular A-11 and Exhibit 300/Business Case

● Reduces redundancy● Streamlines workflow● Streamlines information requirements● Helps employees understand business rules and expectations

• BPR principles include:● Organize around outcomes, not specific tasks● Eliminate valueless processes● Where possible, do things electronically● Handle information only once● Push decision-making out to where the work is done

06/08/1050

DRAFT


BPR (continued)• BPR Lab is a center to teach organizations how to

do BPR, and help them through it– Also helps create a BPR Plan

• BPR Plan is a map for re-engineering a project; answers these questions and more:– What is the goal of this team?– Define the process– What are the drivers?– Can any part be automated?– When will the reengineering be evaluated?– What technology is needed?

06/08/1051

DRAFT

Other Gold Strikes: EA Inside and Outside the Interior

Course Topic 6

Interior can learn from other organizations’ EA efforts.

06/08/1052

DRAFT


• Some bureaus (MMS, BLM, USGS) already have EA efforts started– Bureaus act as pilot efforts for Interior – Bureau lessons learned help Interior avoid

pitfalls

• Some departments and agencies are further along in EA work– Not everything is applicable, but Interior

can learn a lot by watching what works for other agencies

• Some states and industries also have EA efforts worth imitating

06/08/1053

DRAFT


Inside the Interior: MMS

“The MMS also initiated an electronic government initiative within our OMM program, e-Government Transformation. During FY 2002, OMM completed the preparation phase of this effort, including the establishment of a Project Management Office. Work completed during FY 2002 included development of … Enterprise Architecture. OMM is working to ensure that its resulting Enterprise Architecture is scalable and fully integrated with DOI’s Enterprise Architecture. These materials form the foundation for future efforts—a structured, modular approach will include formal re-engineering of OMM’s business processes.”

—MMS Annual Financial Report, FY 2002

06/08/1054

DRAFT


Inside the Interior: BLM

BLM’s goals for the FEA models in FY03 and FY04– Full BLM alignment with OMB FEA models– Full integration of FEA into BLM investment cycle– Empower line-of-business managers with architecture

information for BPR and IT investments

See also http://www.blm.gov/ba

http://www.blm.gov/ba

06/08/1055

DRAFT


Inside the Interior: USGS

“USGS is an active participant in the accelerated effort to develop the DOI enterprise information architecture. The USGS has also established an integrated bureau-level team that has begun development of the USGS information architecture. The USGS enterprise architecture will build on and support the Department-wide architecture, while also accommodating the unique, bureau-specific business requirements of the USGS.”

—USGS FY2003 Annual Performance Plan

See also http://gateway.usgs.gov/partners/p_become.htmlhttp://gateway.usgs.gov/projects/project4.html

http://gateway.usgs.gov/partners/p_become.html

http://gateway.usgs.gov/projects/project4.html

06/08/1056

DRAFT


Outside the Interior

Federal Government• Government Computer News on EA http://www.gcn.com

/enterprise-architecture/ • DOT EA http://cio.ost.dot.gov/architecture/ • DOD EA

http://www.defenselink.mil/comptroller/bmmp/pages/arch_home.html • FAA’s National Airspace System modernization:

http://www2.faa.gov/nasarchitecture/blueprnt/2002Update/index.htm

State Government• Arizona EA http://gita.state.az.us/enterprise_architecture/ • Kentucky EA http://enterpriseit.ky.gov/ • North Dakota EA http://www.state.nd.us/ea/ • Ohio EA http://www.oh.gov/das/DCS/OPP/EAHome.htm • Virginia EA http://www.cots.state.va.us/EA/eaabout.htm

http://www.gcn.com/enterprise-architecture/



http://cio.ost.dot.gov/architecture/

http://www.defenselink.mil/comptroller/bmmp/pages/arch_home.html

http://www2.faa.gov/nasarchitecture/blueprnt/2002Update/index.htm

http://gita.state.az.us/enterprise_architecture/



http://enterpriseit.ky.gov/

http://www.state.nd.us/ea/

http://www.oh.gov/das/DCS/OPP/EAHome.htm

http://www.cots.state.va.us/EA/eaabout.htm

06/08/1057

DRAFT


Outside the Interior

Universities• Stanford University EA http://www.stanford.edu/group/APS/arch/ • University of Iowa enterprise security architecture

http://www.its.uiowa.edu/cio/itsecurity/resources/esa.htm • University of Illinois EA

http://www-s11.admin.uillinois.edu/aits/live/Site.xml?document=Architecture-Planning.xml&focus=N11

Forums and References• Zachman framework http://www.zifa.com/ • EA Community http://www.eacommunity.com/ • Institute for Enterprise Architecture Developments http://www.enterprise-architecture.info/ • Federal Enterprise Architecture Certification http://www.feacinstitute.org/

International• European EA project http://www.eurice.de/infocitizen/index.htm • International EA research http://users.iafrica.com/o/om/omisditd/denniss/text/entparch.html

http://www.stanford.edu/group/APS/arch/



http://www.its.uiowa.edu/cio/itsecurity/resources/esa.htm

http://www-s11.admin.uillinois.edu/aits/live/Site.xml?document=Architecture-Planning.xml&focus=N11

http://www.zifa.com/



http://www.eacommunity.com/



http://www.enterprise-architecture.info/

http://www.enterprise-architecture.info/

http://www.feacinstitute.org/



http://www.eurice.de/infocitizen/index.htm

http://users.iafrica.com/o/om/omisditd/denniss/text/entparch.html

06/08/1058

DRAFT

Conclusion

Course Topic 7

Summary and references.

06/08/1059

DRAFT

Conclusion

Why EA• Don’t waste the millions we’ve spent on data collection

– Like buying a computer but refusing to plug it in– Out of data, EA creates information you can act on

• Keep OMB funding– Save money while meeting OMB requirements– Easier to communicate with other agencies

• FEA templates mean all government agencies are shooting for the same goal

• Stop uncontrolled IT growth– Get investments in line with our mission– “Whiz-bang”—wrong reason to invest– Long-term cost-effectiveness—right reason to invest

• Speed up good business cases, stop bad ones in early stages• Support other initiatives

– Security– Asset management– Configuration management

06/08/1060

DRAFT

For More Information: Contacts and References

• Colleen Coggins—Interior Chief Architect, (202)208-5911, [email protected]

– Jim Johnson—Interior Business Architecture (IBA) Contract Team Lead, (202)452-7733, [email protected]

– Jim Barrett—IBA Contract Technical Lead, (303)236-5353, [email protected]

More OMB information:• http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/• www.whitehouse.gov/omb/legislative/testimony/forman100102.html (OMB

Associate IT Director Mark Forman’s statement on homeland security and IT investment)

• http://www.opengroup.org/public/member/q302/proceedings/presentations/mondayplenary.htm#forman Mark Forman on “The Need for Web Services In the Federal Government”

mailto:[email protected]



http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/



http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/legislative/testimony/forman100102.html

http://www.opengroup.org/public/member/q302/proceedings/presentations/mondayplenary.htm

06/08/1061

DRAFT

Document Abstract

S:\Dear\IBA\WIP\Communications\Architecture Curriculum finals (sent to Colleen)\Architecture 200

Made Colleen’s changes from draft

Karen Tallentire11/07/03WIP

Filename/lineageDescription of editAuthor/EditorRev. DateDoc Status

Key Words: Architecture, curriculum, EA 200

Part of the Architecture Curriculum for the Communications task

Contract #: NBD020221

Task Number: 8

M

1230

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Subject Function Code:

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