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What is the regulator\'s role in e-waste management
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E-Waste: An ICT Regulatory Perspective
Presenter: Mwende Njiraini
Communications Commission of Kenya
9th June 2010
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Content
1. Introduction
2. Kenya Regulatory Framework: E-waste Provisions
3. E-waste: International ICT Regulatory Initiatives
4. Kenya Regulatory Framework: E-waste Provisions
5. Recommendations
6. Conclusion2
Introduction
• E-waste driven by phenomenal growth in the ICT sector:– Government Policies
• Liberalization• Privatization
– Regulation• Converged Regulation • Technology neutrality • Deregulation
– Consumer demand:• Availability of diverse devices and service offerings• Reduced cost of ICT equipment (Moore’s law)
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Introduction: ICT Sector Growth: Indication of policy, regulation and consumer demand
Subscriber Growth Q1 (09/10) Q2 (09/10)
Mobile Subscribers 17,938,706 19,364,559Number of main fixed lines 247,654 243,656Fixed wireless subscribers 367,557 429,289
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Introduction: ICT Sector Growth: Investment Indicator
Coverage Q2 08/09(%)
Q3 08/09(%)
Q4 08/09(%)
Q1 09/10(%)
Q2 09/10(%)
Population83 83 84 84 84.5
Land 32 32 33 33 32
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Kenya Regulatory Framework: E-waste Provisions
• ICT Policy 2006: Cognizant of the e-waste and states :
“As a prerequisite for grant or renewal of licences, applicants must demonstrate their readiness to minimize the effects of their infrastructure on the environment. This should include provision of appropriate recycling/disposal facilities for waste that may contain toxic substances.”
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Kenya Regulatory Framework: E-waste Provisions
• Unified Licensing framework Licensing Frameworkimplemented in 2008 requires licensees to :
“ensure that the Licensed Systems do not become a health, environmental or a safety hazard…”
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Kenya Regulatory Framework: E-waste Provisions
• Type Approval Condition for mobile handset:
“ensure that the handsets do not become a health, environmental or a safety hazard”
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Kenya Regulatory Framework: E-waste Provisions
• Code of Practice for the Deployment of Communications
Infrastructure in Kenya:– Objective: Creation of a guidelines on the rollout of
communications network infrastructure– Provisions:
• Waste and other pollutants resulting from Operators’ activities: – Implement mitigation measures in EIA reports on obsolete electrical
and electronic equipment.– Decommissioning sites: Restoration of sites premises in consideration
of former state
• Site Sharing and Co-location– First option by Operators on the basis of a mutual agreement taking
into account environmental and health considerations
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E-waste: International ICT Regulatory Initiatives
• ITU:– ICTs for e-Environment Guidelines for
Developing Countries, with a Focus on Climate Change
• European Union:– Directive 2002/96/EC on waste electrical and
electronic equipment– Directive 2002/95/EC on the restriction of the
use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment
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Recommendations
• E-waste minimization and recovery strategies:– High Impact Strategies:
• Regulation and Operator Code of Practice• Recycling:
– Refurbishment– Urban mining: Extraction of precious metals from e-waste e.g. 1 tonne discarded mobile
phones yields 150g gold, 5g gold, 100kg copper and 3kg silver
– ‘Take- back’ policies• Government and Private sector Initiatives• Public awareness
– Low Impact Strategies:• Telecommunication , Postal , Broadcasting , Aviation museums:
public awareness and collection, restoration and preservation of ICT artefacts.
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RecommendationsCommunication Museum
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Recommendations
• Capacity building: – Public awareness of environmental issues and priorities;– Development of professionals– Integrating environmental content into formal education
• Study of trends:– E-waste management – Consumer behavior: new habits, social structures and
consumption patterns in the use of ICT products – Impacts of practices : E-business (e-Commerce and e-
Government) – Impact of technology convergence
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Conclusion
• E-waste presents opportunities and challenges
• Multi-stakeholder collaboration is essential
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