4.0 D

RAINAGE

SYSTE

M

PR

EP

AR

ED

BY : H

AD

I ZA

H B

I NT

I MO

HD

KA

SS

I M ( D

EC

20

11

)

SUB TOPIC IN CHAPTER 4

4.1 Understand systems of drainage

4.1.1 Explain water disposal system

a. ground disposal system

b. below ground disposal system

4.1.2 Explain drainage below ground system for medium

sized building

a. separate system

b. combined system

c. partially separate system

4.1.3 Recognize materials for underground pipes

4.1.4 Explain surface drains

4.1.5 Recognize shapes and materials for surface drains

4.1 DRAINAGE SYSTEM

The efficient disposal of waste and surface water from a building is important to:

i) public health (kesihatan awam)

ii) an essential part of the construction of

a building ( Bahagian yang penting

untuk pembinaan bangunaan).

« to disposal soil, waste and surface water from buildings or domestic buildings to septic tank

or sewerage treatment plant.»

WHAT HAPPENED IF THE DRAIN IS NOT STRONG AND

LEAKS ????????

water pollution andrisk in building

irrigationKNOWLEDGE

4.1.1 WATER DISPOSAL SYSTEM

TWO TYPES OF DISPOSAL

SYSTEM

GROUND DISPOSAL SYSTEM

BELOW GROUND

DISPOSAL SYSTEM

4.1.1 GROUND DISPOSAL SYSTEM

Include : one pipe system

: two pipe system

: single stack system

It is a process that soil, waste water, rain water from the building go to manhole before entering septic tank……………………..

Figure: Super Septic

4.1.2 DRAINAGE BELOW GROUND SYSTEM FOR MEDIUM SIZED BUILDING

DRAINAGE BELOW

GROUND SYSTEM

Sistem Bergabung

(Combined System)

Sistem Berasingan

(Separate System)

Sistem Berasingan Separa

(Partially Separate System)

A) COMBINED SYSTEM

The waste water from:-

i) Sanitary appliances

ii) Surface water from the roofs and paved area

Are conveyed by a single underground drain to a one combined sewer.

As the surface and water are combined together in the sewer therefore the cost of sewerage disposal is increased.Advantages : economical installation costs for

pipe, easy and does not required a lot of pipes. It use sewer which has a big diameter.

Disadvantages: it’s not suitable used in Malaysia (tropical) because sewerage treatment can’t treat all waste water and rain in big quantities.

Figure: Combined System

B) SEPERATED SYSTEM

Two drainage pipes were been used ;

i. Soil and Waste water drain

ii. Surface drain« waste water from sanitary fittings waste

water drain waste water sewer »

« Rain water and surface water public surface water river  »

M

Advantages : Two separate sewer therefore the size of the sewer pipes are small.The sewer are embedded underground for hygiene and avoid contamination.

Disadvantages : Expensive in installation.

Figure : Separate System

Sanitary Fittings

Man hole

Surface drain

Public Sewer

Figure : Separate System

C) PARTIALLY SEPARATE SYSTEM

The waste water from;

i) The sanitary appliances are conveyed to an underground foul water drain to the sewer.

ii) The surface water from the roofs and paved area (sometimes from sink) are drained to another underground drain to the sewer.

There are:

iii)Two separate underground drainage

iv)Connected to a one public sewer

Figure : Partially Separate System

MATERIALS FOR UNDERGROUND PIPES

Tanah liatCiri-ciri

Tahan kakisan apabila dipasan dalam tanah biasaMudah pecah apabila ditimpa beban

Kedudukan pemasanganSesuai apabila paip dipasang dari permukaan atau

tiada beban diatas tanah

Besi tuang (Cast Iron)Ciri-ciri

Kurang tahan kepada kakisan apabila tanah berasid

Memerlukan selaput enamel tahan kakisan jika persekitaran berasid

Tahan kepada beban berat

Kedudukan pemasanganSesuai apabila beban tinggi pada permukaan

tanahDitanam cetek dibawah bangunanTanah yang tidak stabil

Figure: Example of Cast iron

ConcreteCiri-ciri

Tidak tahan kakisan

Kedudukan pemasanganSesuai digunakan untuk saiz besarSesuai untuk kawasan yang terlindung

Paip PVCCiri-ciri

Tahan kakisanBoleh lentur apabila kena bebanMudah dipasangRingan

Kedudukan pemasanganSesuai dalam san luar bangunan

uPVCCiri-ciri

Mudah dibentukKurang sambungan

Kedudukan pemasanganTanah kandungan kimia tinggi

Paip gentianCiri-ciri

Keanjalan tinggiTahan kakisanMudah dipasang,ringan dan menjimatkanTidak tahan kepada solvent petrol,kimia dan

lemak

Kedudukan pemasanganSesuai untuk tanah tidak stabil

SURFACE DRAIN

Types of surface drain:

i) Pre Cast V Drain

ii) Pre Cast U Drain

iii) RC Drain

iv) Half Round Drain

v) Cascading

vi) Scupper

vii) Roadside

i) Pre Cast V Drain Characteristic:• ‘V’ shape.•Usually in along road or beside hill’s slope

Figure : Pre Cast V Drain

ii) Pre Cast U DrainCharacteristic:• ‘U’ shape.• Usually at around building or house.

Figure : Pre Cast u Drain

iii) R.C DrainCharacteristic:

• Drainage that being consilidate with concrete and reinforcement.• Builds straight at site using pre-cast method. • Usually build besides the road.

Figure : R.C Drain

iv) Half Round Drain

Characteristic:•Usually builds in resident area, and low level ground area.

Figure : Half Round Drain

v) Cascading DrainCharacteristic:• Shape like a stair.• Can give support to hill’s slope.• Construction based on hill’s slope.• Usually builds in hill’s slope besides the road.

Figure : Cascading Drain

vi) Scupper Drain.Characteristic:

• Builds along besides the road.• Sumped water besides the road will flow

throught this drainage.

Figure : Scupper Drain

vii) Roadside DrainCharacteristic:

• Builds besides the roads.• To avoid the roadd being flooded.

Figure : Roadside Drain

SHAPES AND MATERIALS FOR SURFACE DRAINSHAPES

i. Round Shaped Made of concrete and steel.

Function:

• Build as water drainage tunnel.

• Usually at besides the road.

• Relate the seperated road by drain.

Figure : Round Culvert

ii) Square shaped. Made from the concrete.

Function:

• Builds to flow the water from drain for avoid stuck.

• To relate a separated road that being caused by small river.

• Suitable used for road that carry a heavy vehicles such as bus and lorry.

Figure : Box Culvert

MANHOLE4.2 Understand manhole (inspection chamber)

4.2.1 Explain manhole construction

4.2.2 Explain types of materials used in manhole construction :

a. brick

b. precast concrete

c. cast iron

4.2.3 Discuss access point to drains at following points:

a. change of direction / at a bend

b. change of levels

c. change of pipe size

d. on long runs.

4.3 Understand the Uniform Building By-Laws regarding drainage system.

4.3.1 Describe the application of UBBL in designing and installing the drainage system.

EXPLAIN MANHOLE CONSTRUCTION

Manhole and inspection chamber are spaces or holes constructed at a particular location above a drainage pipe or sewer pipe, and they have removable cover.

The size of an Inspection chamber is smaller than the size of a manhole, and it is less than 1m deep. As such, the chamber size is small for man entry.

The Functions of manhole and inspection chamber are to ease inspection, testing, cleaning and water sampling works.

CONSTRUCTION AND THE USAGE OF INSPECTION MANHOLE IN UNDERGROUND WATER DISPOSAL SYSTEM.Meaning and characteristic of manhole:• Know as check hole, manhole is a construction that

stay at ground.• It is build to make maintenance work easier if there is

a failure or siphonage at drainage system.• Construction material of manhole usually using brick

or concrete.• Manhole shape is in many types, which is for example,

square, round shape, ‘T’ shape or ‘L’ shape.• Usually, square shape is used.• Every manhole have a cover that made of steel with a

size 18”-21”.

Figure: Manhole

EXPLAIN TYPES OF MATERIALS USED IN MANHOLE CONSTRUCTION :

Installation

• Complicated Work

• Require high quality Construction

Durability

• Long Lasting• Possibility of

leakage(bocor)

Material

• Cement and brick

• Mortar

BRICK

Installation• Simple• Fast

Durability

• Durable(tahan Lama)

• Poor resistance to acid

Material • Concrete

PRE-CASTCONCRETE

Installation

• Lightweight(ringan)

• Simple• Fast

Durability

• Durable• Long

Lasting• Watertight

(kedap air)

Material• HDPE• uPVC

PLASTIC

NOTE:HDPE = High Density PolyethyteneuPVC = Unplasticised Polyvinyl Chloride

ACCESS POINT TO DRAINS AT FOLLOWING POINTS:

a. change in drainage pipe direction perubahan arah paip salir

b. JunctionPersimpangan

c. change in gradient/levelsperubahan kecerunan

d. change of drainage pipe sizeperubahan saiz paip salir

e. long pipeline paip saliran yang panjang

Discuss and sketch the layout the underground pipe disposal and inspection manhole.

A. LURANG - MANHOLEB. PAIP PEMBUANGAN PERSENDIRIAN – WASTE PIPEC. PAIP PEMBUANGAN AWAM – PUBLIC WASTE PIPED. SUPER SAPTIC – SEPTIC TANKE. PAPAN TANDA - F. TANGKI PENGAGIHAN G. CLARIFIERH. SLUDGE DIGESTERI. SUNGAI - RIVER

Figure: Manhole Detail

Location of manholes and inspection chambers

A cross section of manholes at change of gradient.

PEMBINAAN LURANG

1.Mestilah dibina dengan saiz dan bentuk yang sesuai untuk merodak apabila tersumbat.2.Batu- bata dengan simen motar sekurang-kurangnya 225 mm bancuhan simen motar ialah1:3