93
DISSERTATION REPORT ON TRANSFORMING SHELTERS LEADING TO AFFORDABLE HOUSING Submitted by Pragya Sharma Guided by Ar. G.Mitra FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE & EKISTICS JAMIA MILIA ISLAMIA NEW DELHI-110025 2010-2011

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Page 1: Dessertation ii sem [autosaved]

DISSERTATION REPORT

ON

TRANSFORMING SHELTERS LEADING TO

AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Submitted byPragya Sharma

Guided byAr GMitra

FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE amp EKISTICSJAMIA MILIA ISLAMIANEW DELHI-110025

2010-2011

This is to certify that Pragya Sharma has worked on the Dissertation Projectentitled Transforming Shelters Leading To Affordable Housing under myguidance and supervision

Ar GMitra Prof SM AkhtarThesis Guide Dean

External Examiner 1

External Examiner 2

External Examiner 3

CERTIFICATE

I Pragya Sharma hereby declare that the Thesis entitled ldquoTransforming

Shelters Leading To Affordable Housingrdquo submitted in the partialfulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Masters ofArchitecture is my original design research work and that the information takenfrom secondary sources is given due citations and references

[Signature]

Pragya Sharma[Name of the Student]Roll NoDate 21Dec2010Place DelhiMEkistics 2ndSem (2010-11)

DECLARATION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The journey has been long and there have been numerous co pilots Ilsquod like to

thank all of them First of all I would like to express my indebtedness towards my

computer and the world wide web which stood by me at each and every second

of my academic semester and after him my parents and friends who have been

instrumental in shaping me as I am

Ilsquod like to thank Prof G Mitra my guide who was persistent patient and

considerate towards my idea and for planting all the seeds in my mind directly or

indirectly

I would also like to thank our coordinator Ar Mahinder Sethi amp Ar Qamar Irshad

for his consistent guidance and update of the study and for his immense support

and consistent guidance that was never short of encouragement whenever it was

needed the most

Ilsquod like to thank my husband Ar Bhupendra Kumar who have been constantly the

source of new ideas and who gave me invaluable inputs

And a special thanks to Google and Wikimapia

[Signature]

Pragya Sharma[Name of the Student]Roll NoDate 21Dec2010Place DelhiMEkistics 2ndSem (2010-11)

CONTENTS

SNO

DESCRIPTION PAGES

1 Fore word 6

2 Objective amp scope of study 7

3 Research Methodology 8

4 Introduction

Defining Affordable Housing 10

Comparison between Affordable Housing amp Low Cost Housing

11

GDP Growthamp Housing Demand 13

Demand amp Supply Constraints 14

5 Role of PPP in Affordable Housing

Land Availability amp Cost 16

Construction amp Other Costs 17

Connectivity amp Infrastructure 18

3 Case study 30

Land Availability amp Cost 16

4 Inferences 66

5 Bibliography 69

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 6

FOREWORD

Architecture is always an answer to need Starting from shelter through public buildings till high

rise commercials its has experienced a dynamic paradigm change with pace of life and its

influences

The time of Stone Age(when Caves were the buildings erected by nature and

captured by human) experienced a comfortable feeling of being inside a house and it emerged

like a nuclear reaction multiplying in doubles each moment of seconds Need being mother of

all inventions gave birth to shelters like Terra Amata and gradually developed into ancient

cities This was the time when residences were of most importance as it was the basic need of

life

Later on after demise of golden era neoclassical age started searching for

architecture styles from past but still public buildings were dominating various architects and

they kept them self limited to the roman temples and other communal structure Here came

the role of architect Robert Adam who left the rat race and decided to study and implement

residential architecture techniques used so far Adam devoted his attention to what little was

known about ancient residential design and interior detailing in part because he realized that

his architectural practice would rely on clients who requires homes not temples or churches

based on classical styles

Due to changing needs and reducing resources grand HAVELI are getting

converted into compact villas where as individual residences are smartly converting into multi-

story apartment Its controversial whether architecture is changing living styles or living styles

are changing architecture This study is aiming to answers the same reading amp analyzing the

governing factors and the transformations

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 7

ldquoSpace and light and orderldquoSpace and light and orderThese are the things that men needThese are the things that men need

Just as much as they needJust as much as they needBread or a place to sleepBread or a place to sleeprdquordquo

--Le CorbusierLe Corbusier

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 8

OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE OF STUDY

OBJECTIVES

-Scope of study is to find out the basis for setting parameters of Human Living Standards

-Study will find the habitable size of shelter in combination with AFFORDABILITY with DEMAND

of space To study the basic requirements of shelter eg requirement depending on family size

lifestyle etc

SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS

-Scope of study is to find out the basis for setting parameters of Human Living Standards

-Study will find the habitable size of shelter in combination with AFFORDABILITY with DEMAND

of space To study the basic requirements of shelter eg requirement depending on family size

lifestyle etc

-Study the transformation of shelter ie shrinking of area Study the Transformation of Shelter

with respect to the other four elements of Ekistics( Man Network Nature amp Society)

-Study the Norms amp Regulations for a Sustainable Shelter Impact of Urban Lifestyle on shelter

eg DINK concept of Young working couples ie Double Income No Kid

-After effect of this transformation on the user After diagnostic approach interviews amp survey

will bring up design parameters for designing a HABITABLE SHELTER

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 9

First generating a case for the typology known aslsquo Mixed Land uselsquo in Delhi and analyzing the

various factors and forces responsible for the legitimacy of such a planning typology This would

be achieved by the critically analyzing the relevant literature

Second highlight the dismal history of the Master Plan of Delhi over the years and project how

in requisite the tools and strategies of MPD are for sustaining Mixed Land-use in the city

Through critical analysis of the role of MPD citing an example of one such area in the city and

also through drilling discussions with advisors and experts in the field

These case study areas have been selected on the basis of their location representation of all

the socio-economic groups of people and because these are fully developed and occupied

housing schemes under the Delhi Development Authority (DDA) which is the principal planning

agency to plan and regulate development in the city The field surveys included commercial land

use survey parking survey and interviews of residents shop keepers (doing business in

properties converted from residential uses) and customers selected randomly in these

settlements

Third understand the implications on master and land use plan on the introduction of such a

planning typology This would be achieved by analyzing various successful cities that have

managed to sustain this planning typology over the years Fourth highlight the various tools

and strategies required in the current planning system for mixed land use to be successful in

Delhi Concluded from the case studies of the cities done in the previous chapters

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 10

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 11

INTRODUCTION

Dwelling is one of the basic need of human from ancient time till date Demand and

affordability has defined the boundaries of various classes existing in society The measure

guiding factor is affordability as per day to day demands Living styles status or requirements

demand may be anything but affordability makes the things available There is no limit on

demands but affordability puts a stop mark on that

With the raise in scale of construction residential demands scales up to social demands amp

responsibilities towards societies such as open spaces wide streets low rise and high rise

buildings as per density plan and so on Here comes the bye laws which governs this individual

residential construction of buildings in such a way that once all are erected these results into a

good evenly distributed society

Demand

space to

rest and

sleep

plu

s space to

coo

k

plu

s space to

bath

plu

s space fo

r lavatory

plu

s space to

din

e

plu

s leasure sp

ace

plu

s space fo

r parkin

g

plu

s ou

tdo

or leasu

re space

clas

s

But these byelaws may need amendments as

per changing demand and construction

patterns to satisfy the contemporary culture

This study aims all these factors amp tries to

analyse existing laws supporting them and to

highlight those which needs to be changed

For example need of 200thk slab is reduced

to 150 mm thick and similar others

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 12

The real estate world has changed significantly after the global financial meltdown caused

by defaults on sub-prime loans in US India was no exception and the real estate market

witnessed a contraction in both volume and value Real estate developers were gripped

with the liquidity crisis and were forced to change the ways of doing business Downturn

and liquidity crunch forced developers to adopt a two pronged strategy ndash

smaller units at lesser prices

In this study I have attempted to define

Affordable Housing by using three key

parameters viz

bull income level

bull size of dwelling unit and

bull affordability

While I have assessed the demand and supply

constrains I have also highlighted the

initiatives taken by key stakeholders and their

perspective concerns

INDIA ndashGDP GROWTH

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 13

AFFORDABLE HOUSING ndashDEFINITION

Defining Affordable Housing

ldquoAffordabilityrdquo as a concept is very generic and could have different meanings for different

people based on differences in income levels

Affordable housing refers to any housing that meets some form of affordability

criterion

Defining affordable housing in

India is a difficult task given that

at every square kilo-meter of the

country the dynamics of the

market are different

In the United States and

Canada a commonly acceptedguideline for affordable housing isthat the cost of housing should notbe more than 30 percent of ahouseholds gross income

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 14

AFFORDABLE HOUSING VS LOW COST HOUSING

Low-cost housing is generally meant for EWS category and comprises bare minimum housing

facilities while affordable housing is mostly meant for LIG and MIG and includes basic amenities

like schools hospitals and other community facilities and services

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 15

INDICATIVE SIZE amp POTENTIAL IN INDIA

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 16

DEMAND AND SUPPLY CONSTRAINTS

The demand drivers for affordable housing are as below

Urbanization

Rising income levels leading to a sizeable middle class segment Urbanization is an

ldquoindex of transformation from traditional rural 1 economies to modern industrial one rdquo

Its a product of demographic explosion and poverty induced rural-urban migration

This resulted in pressure on urban infrastructure and in an increase in the number of

homeless people living on the streets

As per the 2001 census the total urban homeless population was 7 78599 people

which would be much more currently given the inadequate availability of 2affordable

low-cost housing

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 17

THE DEMAND MODEL METHODOLOGY

The land market is fundamentally described by household choices of location and lot size The outcomes as in all economics arises from the interaction of demand (of household) and supply (of land parcel) Households are characterized by their income and preferences while land supply is characterized by quantity location and lot characteristics Household preferences can be represented by the price each household is willing to pay for each type

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 18

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 19

DEMAND SUPPLY DYNAMICS

bull Short Supply of residential dwellingsbull Supply shortfall existing since post

independencebull In 2005 estimated demand is 2095

million supply is 1897 Millionbull Demand ndash Supply gap is narrowing

bull Low supply of housing for low

income earners

bull As per 11th 5 year plan

- Shortage of 2471 million

dwellings

- Close to 99 of shortage in

EWS amp LIG segment

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 20

BIRTH AND MIGRATION

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 21

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 22

POPULATION AND HOUSING

PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLDS BY NUMBER OF ROOMS

OCCUPIED 1961 ndash 2001( in million )

No of Rooms

occupied 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001

One Room 531 50 458 396 351

Two Rooms 247 27 278 304 295

Three Rooms 103 114 122 148 171

Four or more

Rooms 111 114 121 147 159

No Exclusive

rooms 09 02 21 004 23

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

One Room Two Rooms Three

Rooms

Four or

more

Rooms

No

Exclusive

rooms

d

istr

ibut

ion

of h

ouse

hold

s

Approximate 50 of the households has two and three bed room dwelling units

Source Census of India 2001

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 23

Populatio

n

Residents

with

Buying

Power

Populatio

n under 20

Per

Capita

Income

GDP

Growth

Rate

Housing

Shortage

Estimate

1065

billion

300

million

58 $539 8 22 million

India Demographics Housing Shortage

Housing shortage at the beginning of 11th Five

Year Plan (142007)

2471 million

dwelling units

Additional Housing Requirement for the 11th

Plan ( 2007-2012)

182 million dwelling

units

Total housing requirement during 11th Plan

Period including the carried over housing shortage

2653 Million

dwelling units

TOTAL HOUSING SHORTAGE

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 24

CATEGORY VISE HOUSING SHORTAGE

Estimated Urban Housing Unit Shortage as on 142007

More than 99 shortage is for EWSLIG segments

Total 2471 m 10000EWS 2178 m 8814LIG 289 m 1169MIG amp HIG 004 m 016

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 25

28

46

618

Source Annual Report 2006-07 MoHUPA

Slum Population as age of total urban population is given in parenthesis

GROWTH OF SLUMS

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 26

The housing requirement for the Rs3-10 Lakh income group is approx206 million units by 2011translating to a market size of Rs3300billion or USD 66 billion

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 27

SUGGESTED PARAMETER FOR HOUSING

EWS LIG MIG

Size 300-600 sq ft carpet area Not exceeding 1200 sq ft

carpet area

Cost Not exceeding 4 times

household gross annual

income

Not exceeding 5 times

household gross annual

income

EMIRent Not exceeding 30 of gross

monthly income

Not exceeding 40 of gross

monthly income

AFFORDABLE HOUSING THE CONCEPT AND ISSUES

Difficult to adopt a lsquoone-size-fits-allrsquo concept

Government should undertake a separate exercise to estimate the number of

households falling under the lsquoaffordable housingrsquo category

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 28

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 29

NCR revealed a number of interesting facts during the household survey carriedout in order to ascertain the affordability of the various income groups at citylevel Table 6 depicts in detail the maximum affordable EMI of households invarious income levels This EMI has been estimated from the annual income ofhousehold and its spending and saving behaviour The maximum EMI has beentranslated into affordable house property value based on an assumed interestrate loan tenure and loan to value ratio The table also shows the capital valuesthat the households will have to pay keeping in view the preferred house size andthe affordable house property value An interesting point that was inferred fromthe survey results was that the income groups of Rs3-5 Lakh and Rs5-6 Lakhpreferred similar sized units for their housing needs Both the income categoriesexpressed the area of their residential units in the range of 700-800 sqftHowever while this allows the lower income group to purchase a property withan average price of Rs2300sqft the same enabled the higher income group ofRs5-6 lakh to opt for properties in the range of Rs2900-3650sqft MeanwhileNCR spanning a larger area with vast land parcels available for residentialdevelopment provides varied location options for the residents of the city tofulfill their housing needs The category of households with income of Rs6 lakhand above can afford residential units in select pockets of the newly developedzones in Gurgaon Noida as well as along NH-2 and NH-24 Though these locationssuit the budget preference of households they are located about 30 kms from theCBD area of Delhi ie Connaught Place For example residential locations inGurgaon and Noida are atleast 30 kms from the CBD Residential locations on NH24 Ghaziabad and NH 2 Faridabad are about 35 kms and 27 kms respectivelyfrom the CBD Meanwhile if households especially those in the income categoryof Rs3-5 Lakh are willing to compromise on unit

IDENTIFYING AFFORDABILITY

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 30

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 31

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 32

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 33

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 34

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 35

H

H

H

H

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 36

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 37

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 38

Objectives

bull To facilitate the incorporation of affordable housing in residential and mixed-use developments

bull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing in locations with easy accessto shops transport and government

and community servicesbull To ensure appropriate car parking provision for household requirementsbull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing through management and

ownership considerations

Diversity of affordable

housing

The affordable housingdevelopment provides

bull one two andor three-bedroom dwelling typesandor

bull apartments

Car parking

Car parking provision isappropriate for site location andhousehold requirements and isprovided on the site

Location of affordable

housing

Affordable housing is locatedclose to or has easy access toshops employment transportand government and communityservices

PROVISION AND LOCATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 39

Objectives

Integrating affordable housing

Affordable housing is integrated into new residential and mixed-usedevelopments where it is not a stand-alone development on its own site

Suggested responses

INTEGRATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 40Transforming Shelters-A journey of affordable Luxury

40

Objectives

bull To ensure site planning and related design responses facilitate good housingoutcomes

PrivacyDwellings are designed toacknowledge the differentrequirements for privacy andcontrol in the transition1) from public spaces2) through the privately controlledbut publicly visibleor semi-private shared space tothe dwelling entry and3) onto its private open space

Addressing public space

A dwelling adjacent to a streetor park addresses themfunctionally and visually (Onlarge sites communal openspaces are the equivalent of apublic park)

Privacy within the development

Development does notsignificantly reduce privacy anddaylight to private open spaces

Legibility of accessAccess to and sense of entry to adwelling fronting a street or aninternal path network is clearand unambiguous

SITE PLANNING OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 41

41

External circulationExternal pathways serving anindividual dwelling or multiples ofdwellings within a developmentare designed to suit the needs andvolume of intended occupantsand users

Carparking and streetpresentation

The street frontage of thedevelopment is not dominatedby car parking areas orstructures rubbish binenclosures and utility structures

Planting

Landscaping forms an integralcomponent of the designof the development

Territoriality

bull To aid the control of externalspaces by immediatelyadjacent households theterritorial boundaries of thesespaces are clearly delineated

bull Access by the general publicthrough the site is preventedand if this is unachievable thepath should be treated like apublic realm area

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 42

Objectives

bull To facilitate the provision of comfortable pleasant safe efficient and cost-effective accommodation for the intended occupants of affordable housing

bull To facilitate the incorporation of adaptable housing design principles inaffordable housing

All dwelling types are providedwith an appropriately located andfunctional arearsquos like

External entry areas

Internal entry areas

Livingdining areas

Kitchens

Bathrooms

Hallways

Bedrooms

Storage Area

Clothes Drying

Stairs and lifts( as per

NBC)

Open space

Security Adaptable housing

DESIGN OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 43

Every room intended for human habitation shall abut on aninterior or exterior open space or an open VERANDAH open tosuch interior or exterior open space

SKETCH FOR EXAMPLECONTRARY IMAGE FOUND IN SURVEY

For streets less than 75 m in width the distance of the building (building line) shall beat least 5 m from the centre line of the street

FRONT OPEN SPACES

OPEN SPACES WITHIN A PLOT

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 44

44

Residential and Commercial Zones

In any layout or sub-division of land measuring 03 hectare of

more in residential and commercial zones the community open

spaces shall be reserved for recreational purposes which shall as

far as possible be provided in one place or planned out for the

use of the community in clusters or pockets

The community open spaces shall be provided catering to the

needs of area of layout population for which the layout is

planned and the category of dwelling units The following

minimum provision shall be made

a) 15 percent of the area of the layout or

b) 03 to 04rsquo ha1 000 persons for low income housing the open

spaces shall be 03 ha1 000 persons

No recreational space shall generally be less than 450 sqm

the building line shall beat least 3 m away from the boundary of

recreational open space

Community open spaces and amenities

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 45

Width of Means of Access

The residential plots shall abut

on a public means of access

like street-oad Plots which do

not abut on a streethoad shall

abuthont on a means of access

the width and other

requirements of which shall be

as given in Table 1

In no case development on plots shall be permitted unless it is accessible by a public street of width not less than 6 m

MEANS OF ACCESS

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 46

In the case of special housing schemes for low income group

and economically weaker section of society developed up to two

storied row cluster housing scheme the pedestrian pathway

width shall be 3 m subject to provisions of 94l(a) The

pedestrian pathway shall not serve more than 8 plots on each

side of the pathway the length of the pathway shall be not more

than 50 m

No mention of plot sizehelliplarge plots sub-divided and the norm fails

Distance from Electric LinesNo VERANDAH balcony or the like shall be allowed to beerected or re-erected or any additions or alterations made to abuilding within the distances quoted below in accordance withthe current Indian Electricity Rules as amended from time-to-time between the building and any overhead electric supplyline

MEANS OF ACCESS-Cntd

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 47

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 48

Plot SizeThe minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75 percent shall not be less than 40 sqm in small and medium town and not less than 30 sqm in metropolitan cities Plot sizes below 30 sqm but not less than 15 sqm may be permitted in case of cluster planning however in such cases the ground coverage and FSI shall be 100 percent and 2 percent respectively

NOTES1 In exceptional cases in metropolitan cities with population more than 1 million the size of plots may be brought down to 25 sqm in cases of low income housing colonies located in congested areas as decided by the Authority In mega-cities it may be further reduced to 15 m2 In such cases where plot size is below 25 sqm only cluster planning or group housing may be adopted

2 A minimum of 25 percent of the plot size shall be left open without adversely affecting light and ventilation for habitable spaces and toilet It shall not be made mandatory to leave set back on any side

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 49

Vehicular AccessA right of way of at least 6 m width should be provided up to theentrance to the cluster to facilitate emergency vehicle movement up tocluster

DensityCluster planning methodologies result in higher densities with low risestructures With per dwelling unit covered area of 15 sqm densities of500 dwelling units per hectare (net) shall be permissible Densitieshigher than this should not allowed

Group ToiletCluster housing for economically weaker section families can havegroup toilets at the rate of one water closet one bath and a washingplace for three families

Size of RoomHabitable RoomEvery dwelling unit to be provided should have at least two habitable rooms Even if one room house is provided initially it should be capable of adding a new second room in future However in case single room tenements are required to be provided where future additions are not possible the carpet area of multipurpose single room should be at least 125 m2Such one room dwelling units with 125 m2 carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case of on site rehabilitation of slum dwellers In a house of two rooms first room shall not be less than 90 m2 with minimum width of 25 m and second room shall not be less than 65 m2 with minimum width of 21 m provided the total area of both the rooms is not less than 155 m2 In incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room

SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF CLUSTER PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 51

Life style

Affordability

Social Classification

Life style

SALARY CLASS

BUSINESS CLASS

BOTH WORKING

JOINT FAMILY

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52

Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi

Zone ndashF

a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)

LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53

The component method of design provides a broad frame work for

achieving the described life style objectives

HOUSING COMPONENT

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59

the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60

Desired outcomes Suggested responses

One two and three-bedroom

dwellings

One two and three-bedroom affordable

housing

dwelling types provide rooms of

sufficient dimensions to support the

safe comfortable and convenient use of

and movement around furniture

facilities and fittings needed by

householders

Studio apartments

Studio apartment rooms provide

adequate space for the function of

individual units including

bull sleeping living dining and kitchen

areas and

bull adequate bathroom laundry and

clothes dryingfacilities

Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table

Studio apartments generally conform to a

minimum

gross floor area of 30m2

The room sizes generally conform to the

following table

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61

Afordability Survey and Analysis

Category

Sample

Income group

Current status

Current Facilities Wishlist

Affordable EMI Analysis

Low

Inco

me

Gro

up

case

-1

A small 2BHK unit

of approx

35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs

lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)

4000

Rentedcommon washrooms

separate washroom

1500 PM no privacy Privacy

Mid

dle

Cla

ss

case

-1

10000-35000

Single 2BHK Family 2bhk

A Good 23BHK unit of approx

100 sqyard in range of

18-25 lacs

Rented Good location 7000

11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry

Bigger balcony

More natural light

Bigger Bedrooms

Good storage Space

case

-2

10000-35000

Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms

RentedBigger living area

7000 PM Good height 10000

Minimum shafts

small kitchenlaundry

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62

EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT

AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1

Category - EWS

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR

CASE -2

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35

CASE -3

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE

5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25

35

40

25

30

1060

30

1060

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63

63

AREA -DAYANAND COLONY

CASE -1

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

1010

30

50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65

GENERAL PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68

NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69

SPACE RELATIONSHIP

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71

Approach for investigating

affordable housing

Knowledge about future

house

Knowledge about present

house

Knowledge about Family

Payment Method

Preferred Area

PreferredLocation

Affordability

TypologicalPreferences

SpacePreferences

Location winNeighborhood

AdvantagesDis

Home TypeOwnershipStatus

Location

NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces

Degree ofSatisfaction

Income level

No of Family Members

EducationalLevel

(husbandwife)

Work Sector

No of Cars

Domestic Labor

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

72

AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

10

10

30

50

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

73

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

74

Conclusion

While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are

increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as

televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While

we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an

auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living

in a slum-like dwelling

It is understandable that economic

growth leads to rise in income but this

has led to even faster rise in property

prices leaving it unaffordable for majority

of population Affordable housing is

expected to have a positive by improving

basic quality of life Problems like traffic

congestion air quality commute times

etc can be resolved by providing proper

housing facilities to the weaker sections

of the society While the concept of

affordable housing seems to be a simple

solution to current housing woes its

execution remains complicated due to the

unclear policy framework To make

affordable housing work in India it would

require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by

slightly adjusting their interests towards a

wider social cause

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

75

Land use planning and

development

The project of the poor

Development standards

Land supply

Land value

Land affordability

Subdivision

Land market

Allocation

Demand

Intervention rationale

Neo liberalism

Site and Service

Subdivision

Land policy

Efficiency and equity

Land management

Direct intervention world

bank

Learning by doing

Site and service

subdivision

Poverty alleviation

Suitability and

acceptability

Affordability standards

subdivision

Intervention usually takes three broad categories

bull planning regulations

bull direct government investments and

bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation

Land management improvements

Example Land Readjustment

direct public investment

Example land banking

Example Site-and-Service

OBJECTIVES

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at

1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on

rental or ownership basis

2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter

options especially to the vulnerable groups

and the poor

3 Ensuring that housing along with the

supporting services is treated as a priority and

at par with infrastructure sector

4 Removing barriers related to legal financial

and administrative for facilitating access to

land finance and technology

5 Forging strong partnership between private

public and cooperative sectors to enhance the

capacity of the construction industry to

participate in every sphere of housing and

habitat

6 Using technology for modernizing the

housing sector to increase efficiency

productivity energy efficiency and quality

7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions

and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for

adding to the housing stock

THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including

formulation of effective

foreclosure laws

bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of

resources to the

housing and infrastructure sector

bull Develop a debt market for housing and

infrastructure fully integrated

with the financial markets in the country

bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the

requirement of low cost funds

for the housing needs of the poor

bull Promote research and development and transfer of

technology for

construction of houses

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available

resources to promote development and growth in a

sustained manner

bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing

infrastructure innovative and energy saving

construction materials and methods and also set up

a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the

concessions are correctly targeted and utilized

bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological

standards to protect the environment and provide a

better quality of life in human settlements

bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage

market

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD

1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a

boost to housing and supporting infrastructure

2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in

undertaking housing construction for all segments in

urban and rural areas

3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to

land

4 Facilitate training of construction workers by

converging other development programs through

building centers and other agencies

5 Promote decentralized production and availability of

building material

6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their

responsibilities in regulatory and development

functions

THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare

District Housing Action Plans for rural areas

2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and

augment supply of land for housing particularly

for the vulnerable group

3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural

infrastructure services

4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for

planned development

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE

COMPANIES WOULD

1 Redefine their role and move away from their

traditional approach to housing finance

2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the

needs of people

3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to

those who are in dire need of housing finance

support

4 Mobilize resources from provident funds

insurance funds mutual funds etc For house

building activities

5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize

domestic savings

HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS

DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND

OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role

for facilitating land assembly and development of

infrastructure

2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and

cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient

manner

3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement

THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND

CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD

1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of

houses and development of amenities

2 Forge partnership with state governments and local

authorities for construction of houses

3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out

schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization

basis

RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

ORGANIZATIONS WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw

materials

2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace

them with renewable resources

3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by

various public and private construction agencies

4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and

construction methods

5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the

housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste

based energy

6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new

constructions as well as strengthening of existing

houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and

human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes

cyclones and floods

7 Disseminate (spread) information about new

technologies and provide training to construction

workers in the use of new technologies

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

84

Role of PPP in Affordable Housing

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

85

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

86

JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance

No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million

No of Houses under Progress 0265 million

Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores

(BSUP+IHSDP)

997

achieved

Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of

Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline

Target of 27 cities

27 cities

achieved

Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of

developed land for EWSLIG Timeline

Target of 16 cities

16 cities

achieved

The JNNURM Initiative

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

87

i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP

ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath

iii Vector-free housing layout

iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces

v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and

vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness

Inclusive Planning amp Architecture

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

88

Recommendations

bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100

ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households

ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs

ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment

ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure

ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by

ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and

conversion of agricultural lands for urban use

ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for

making a proper assessment of land

requirements and allocation of such lands for

different uses

ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

89

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

90

Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

91

Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels

Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

92

SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66

References

Inferences

Books

Internet

Case Studies

Library references

bullNational Building Codes

bullGreen Households Domestic consumers

environment and sustainability

bullSustainable design practice

bullModern architecture

bullGaia House Design

bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy

Charles chorea and Raj

Reval

bullIntach library

Net references

bullWikipediacom

bullGooglecoin

bullDDA website

bullWHO living

standards

Case studies

bullResidences in old

Delhi

bullOther

contemporary

houses in

surrounding

houses

References

Page 2: Dessertation ii sem [autosaved]

This is to certify that Pragya Sharma has worked on the Dissertation Projectentitled Transforming Shelters Leading To Affordable Housing under myguidance and supervision

Ar GMitra Prof SM AkhtarThesis Guide Dean

External Examiner 1

External Examiner 2

External Examiner 3

CERTIFICATE

I Pragya Sharma hereby declare that the Thesis entitled ldquoTransforming

Shelters Leading To Affordable Housingrdquo submitted in the partialfulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Masters ofArchitecture is my original design research work and that the information takenfrom secondary sources is given due citations and references

[Signature]

Pragya Sharma[Name of the Student]Roll NoDate 21Dec2010Place DelhiMEkistics 2ndSem (2010-11)

DECLARATION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The journey has been long and there have been numerous co pilots Ilsquod like to

thank all of them First of all I would like to express my indebtedness towards my

computer and the world wide web which stood by me at each and every second

of my academic semester and after him my parents and friends who have been

instrumental in shaping me as I am

Ilsquod like to thank Prof G Mitra my guide who was persistent patient and

considerate towards my idea and for planting all the seeds in my mind directly or

indirectly

I would also like to thank our coordinator Ar Mahinder Sethi amp Ar Qamar Irshad

for his consistent guidance and update of the study and for his immense support

and consistent guidance that was never short of encouragement whenever it was

needed the most

Ilsquod like to thank my husband Ar Bhupendra Kumar who have been constantly the

source of new ideas and who gave me invaluable inputs

And a special thanks to Google and Wikimapia

[Signature]

Pragya Sharma[Name of the Student]Roll NoDate 21Dec2010Place DelhiMEkistics 2ndSem (2010-11)

CONTENTS

SNO

DESCRIPTION PAGES

1 Fore word 6

2 Objective amp scope of study 7

3 Research Methodology 8

4 Introduction

Defining Affordable Housing 10

Comparison between Affordable Housing amp Low Cost Housing

11

GDP Growthamp Housing Demand 13

Demand amp Supply Constraints 14

5 Role of PPP in Affordable Housing

Land Availability amp Cost 16

Construction amp Other Costs 17

Connectivity amp Infrastructure 18

3 Case study 30

Land Availability amp Cost 16

4 Inferences 66

5 Bibliography 69

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 6

FOREWORD

Architecture is always an answer to need Starting from shelter through public buildings till high

rise commercials its has experienced a dynamic paradigm change with pace of life and its

influences

The time of Stone Age(when Caves were the buildings erected by nature and

captured by human) experienced a comfortable feeling of being inside a house and it emerged

like a nuclear reaction multiplying in doubles each moment of seconds Need being mother of

all inventions gave birth to shelters like Terra Amata and gradually developed into ancient

cities This was the time when residences were of most importance as it was the basic need of

life

Later on after demise of golden era neoclassical age started searching for

architecture styles from past but still public buildings were dominating various architects and

they kept them self limited to the roman temples and other communal structure Here came

the role of architect Robert Adam who left the rat race and decided to study and implement

residential architecture techniques used so far Adam devoted his attention to what little was

known about ancient residential design and interior detailing in part because he realized that

his architectural practice would rely on clients who requires homes not temples or churches

based on classical styles

Due to changing needs and reducing resources grand HAVELI are getting

converted into compact villas where as individual residences are smartly converting into multi-

story apartment Its controversial whether architecture is changing living styles or living styles

are changing architecture This study is aiming to answers the same reading amp analyzing the

governing factors and the transformations

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 7

ldquoSpace and light and orderldquoSpace and light and orderThese are the things that men needThese are the things that men need

Just as much as they needJust as much as they needBread or a place to sleepBread or a place to sleeprdquordquo

--Le CorbusierLe Corbusier

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 8

OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE OF STUDY

OBJECTIVES

-Scope of study is to find out the basis for setting parameters of Human Living Standards

-Study will find the habitable size of shelter in combination with AFFORDABILITY with DEMAND

of space To study the basic requirements of shelter eg requirement depending on family size

lifestyle etc

SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS

-Scope of study is to find out the basis for setting parameters of Human Living Standards

-Study will find the habitable size of shelter in combination with AFFORDABILITY with DEMAND

of space To study the basic requirements of shelter eg requirement depending on family size

lifestyle etc

-Study the transformation of shelter ie shrinking of area Study the Transformation of Shelter

with respect to the other four elements of Ekistics( Man Network Nature amp Society)

-Study the Norms amp Regulations for a Sustainable Shelter Impact of Urban Lifestyle on shelter

eg DINK concept of Young working couples ie Double Income No Kid

-After effect of this transformation on the user After diagnostic approach interviews amp survey

will bring up design parameters for designing a HABITABLE SHELTER

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 9

First generating a case for the typology known aslsquo Mixed Land uselsquo in Delhi and analyzing the

various factors and forces responsible for the legitimacy of such a planning typology This would

be achieved by the critically analyzing the relevant literature

Second highlight the dismal history of the Master Plan of Delhi over the years and project how

in requisite the tools and strategies of MPD are for sustaining Mixed Land-use in the city

Through critical analysis of the role of MPD citing an example of one such area in the city and

also through drilling discussions with advisors and experts in the field

These case study areas have been selected on the basis of their location representation of all

the socio-economic groups of people and because these are fully developed and occupied

housing schemes under the Delhi Development Authority (DDA) which is the principal planning

agency to plan and regulate development in the city The field surveys included commercial land

use survey parking survey and interviews of residents shop keepers (doing business in

properties converted from residential uses) and customers selected randomly in these

settlements

Third understand the implications on master and land use plan on the introduction of such a

planning typology This would be achieved by analyzing various successful cities that have

managed to sustain this planning typology over the years Fourth highlight the various tools

and strategies required in the current planning system for mixed land use to be successful in

Delhi Concluded from the case studies of the cities done in the previous chapters

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 10

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 11

INTRODUCTION

Dwelling is one of the basic need of human from ancient time till date Demand and

affordability has defined the boundaries of various classes existing in society The measure

guiding factor is affordability as per day to day demands Living styles status or requirements

demand may be anything but affordability makes the things available There is no limit on

demands but affordability puts a stop mark on that

With the raise in scale of construction residential demands scales up to social demands amp

responsibilities towards societies such as open spaces wide streets low rise and high rise

buildings as per density plan and so on Here comes the bye laws which governs this individual

residential construction of buildings in such a way that once all are erected these results into a

good evenly distributed society

Demand

space to

rest and

sleep

plu

s space to

coo

k

plu

s space to

bath

plu

s space fo

r lavatory

plu

s space to

din

e

plu

s leasure sp

ace

plu

s space fo

r parkin

g

plu

s ou

tdo

or leasu

re space

clas

s

But these byelaws may need amendments as

per changing demand and construction

patterns to satisfy the contemporary culture

This study aims all these factors amp tries to

analyse existing laws supporting them and to

highlight those which needs to be changed

For example need of 200thk slab is reduced

to 150 mm thick and similar others

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 12

The real estate world has changed significantly after the global financial meltdown caused

by defaults on sub-prime loans in US India was no exception and the real estate market

witnessed a contraction in both volume and value Real estate developers were gripped

with the liquidity crisis and were forced to change the ways of doing business Downturn

and liquidity crunch forced developers to adopt a two pronged strategy ndash

smaller units at lesser prices

In this study I have attempted to define

Affordable Housing by using three key

parameters viz

bull income level

bull size of dwelling unit and

bull affordability

While I have assessed the demand and supply

constrains I have also highlighted the

initiatives taken by key stakeholders and their

perspective concerns

INDIA ndashGDP GROWTH

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 13

AFFORDABLE HOUSING ndashDEFINITION

Defining Affordable Housing

ldquoAffordabilityrdquo as a concept is very generic and could have different meanings for different

people based on differences in income levels

Affordable housing refers to any housing that meets some form of affordability

criterion

Defining affordable housing in

India is a difficult task given that

at every square kilo-meter of the

country the dynamics of the

market are different

In the United States and

Canada a commonly acceptedguideline for affordable housing isthat the cost of housing should notbe more than 30 percent of ahouseholds gross income

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 14

AFFORDABLE HOUSING VS LOW COST HOUSING

Low-cost housing is generally meant for EWS category and comprises bare minimum housing

facilities while affordable housing is mostly meant for LIG and MIG and includes basic amenities

like schools hospitals and other community facilities and services

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 15

INDICATIVE SIZE amp POTENTIAL IN INDIA

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 16

DEMAND AND SUPPLY CONSTRAINTS

The demand drivers for affordable housing are as below

Urbanization

Rising income levels leading to a sizeable middle class segment Urbanization is an

ldquoindex of transformation from traditional rural 1 economies to modern industrial one rdquo

Its a product of demographic explosion and poverty induced rural-urban migration

This resulted in pressure on urban infrastructure and in an increase in the number of

homeless people living on the streets

As per the 2001 census the total urban homeless population was 7 78599 people

which would be much more currently given the inadequate availability of 2affordable

low-cost housing

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 17

THE DEMAND MODEL METHODOLOGY

The land market is fundamentally described by household choices of location and lot size The outcomes as in all economics arises from the interaction of demand (of household) and supply (of land parcel) Households are characterized by their income and preferences while land supply is characterized by quantity location and lot characteristics Household preferences can be represented by the price each household is willing to pay for each type

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 18

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 19

DEMAND SUPPLY DYNAMICS

bull Short Supply of residential dwellingsbull Supply shortfall existing since post

independencebull In 2005 estimated demand is 2095

million supply is 1897 Millionbull Demand ndash Supply gap is narrowing

bull Low supply of housing for low

income earners

bull As per 11th 5 year plan

- Shortage of 2471 million

dwellings

- Close to 99 of shortage in

EWS amp LIG segment

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 20

BIRTH AND MIGRATION

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 21

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 22

POPULATION AND HOUSING

PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLDS BY NUMBER OF ROOMS

OCCUPIED 1961 ndash 2001( in million )

No of Rooms

occupied 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001

One Room 531 50 458 396 351

Two Rooms 247 27 278 304 295

Three Rooms 103 114 122 148 171

Four or more

Rooms 111 114 121 147 159

No Exclusive

rooms 09 02 21 004 23

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

One Room Two Rooms Three

Rooms

Four or

more

Rooms

No

Exclusive

rooms

d

istr

ibut

ion

of h

ouse

hold

s

Approximate 50 of the households has two and three bed room dwelling units

Source Census of India 2001

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 23

Populatio

n

Residents

with

Buying

Power

Populatio

n under 20

Per

Capita

Income

GDP

Growth

Rate

Housing

Shortage

Estimate

1065

billion

300

million

58 $539 8 22 million

India Demographics Housing Shortage

Housing shortage at the beginning of 11th Five

Year Plan (142007)

2471 million

dwelling units

Additional Housing Requirement for the 11th

Plan ( 2007-2012)

182 million dwelling

units

Total housing requirement during 11th Plan

Period including the carried over housing shortage

2653 Million

dwelling units

TOTAL HOUSING SHORTAGE

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 24

CATEGORY VISE HOUSING SHORTAGE

Estimated Urban Housing Unit Shortage as on 142007

More than 99 shortage is for EWSLIG segments

Total 2471 m 10000EWS 2178 m 8814LIG 289 m 1169MIG amp HIG 004 m 016

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 25

28

46

618

Source Annual Report 2006-07 MoHUPA

Slum Population as age of total urban population is given in parenthesis

GROWTH OF SLUMS

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 26

The housing requirement for the Rs3-10 Lakh income group is approx206 million units by 2011translating to a market size of Rs3300billion or USD 66 billion

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 27

SUGGESTED PARAMETER FOR HOUSING

EWS LIG MIG

Size 300-600 sq ft carpet area Not exceeding 1200 sq ft

carpet area

Cost Not exceeding 4 times

household gross annual

income

Not exceeding 5 times

household gross annual

income

EMIRent Not exceeding 30 of gross

monthly income

Not exceeding 40 of gross

monthly income

AFFORDABLE HOUSING THE CONCEPT AND ISSUES

Difficult to adopt a lsquoone-size-fits-allrsquo concept

Government should undertake a separate exercise to estimate the number of

households falling under the lsquoaffordable housingrsquo category

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 28

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 29

NCR revealed a number of interesting facts during the household survey carriedout in order to ascertain the affordability of the various income groups at citylevel Table 6 depicts in detail the maximum affordable EMI of households invarious income levels This EMI has been estimated from the annual income ofhousehold and its spending and saving behaviour The maximum EMI has beentranslated into affordable house property value based on an assumed interestrate loan tenure and loan to value ratio The table also shows the capital valuesthat the households will have to pay keeping in view the preferred house size andthe affordable house property value An interesting point that was inferred fromthe survey results was that the income groups of Rs3-5 Lakh and Rs5-6 Lakhpreferred similar sized units for their housing needs Both the income categoriesexpressed the area of their residential units in the range of 700-800 sqftHowever while this allows the lower income group to purchase a property withan average price of Rs2300sqft the same enabled the higher income group ofRs5-6 lakh to opt for properties in the range of Rs2900-3650sqft MeanwhileNCR spanning a larger area with vast land parcels available for residentialdevelopment provides varied location options for the residents of the city tofulfill their housing needs The category of households with income of Rs6 lakhand above can afford residential units in select pockets of the newly developedzones in Gurgaon Noida as well as along NH-2 and NH-24 Though these locationssuit the budget preference of households they are located about 30 kms from theCBD area of Delhi ie Connaught Place For example residential locations inGurgaon and Noida are atleast 30 kms from the CBD Residential locations on NH24 Ghaziabad and NH 2 Faridabad are about 35 kms and 27 kms respectivelyfrom the CBD Meanwhile if households especially those in the income categoryof Rs3-5 Lakh are willing to compromise on unit

IDENTIFYING AFFORDABILITY

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 30

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 31

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 32

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 33

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 34

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 35

H

H

H

H

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 36

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 37

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 38

Objectives

bull To facilitate the incorporation of affordable housing in residential and mixed-use developments

bull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing in locations with easy accessto shops transport and government

and community servicesbull To ensure appropriate car parking provision for household requirementsbull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing through management and

ownership considerations

Diversity of affordable

housing

The affordable housingdevelopment provides

bull one two andor three-bedroom dwelling typesandor

bull apartments

Car parking

Car parking provision isappropriate for site location andhousehold requirements and isprovided on the site

Location of affordable

housing

Affordable housing is locatedclose to or has easy access toshops employment transportand government and communityservices

PROVISION AND LOCATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 39

Objectives

Integrating affordable housing

Affordable housing is integrated into new residential and mixed-usedevelopments where it is not a stand-alone development on its own site

Suggested responses

INTEGRATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 40Transforming Shelters-A journey of affordable Luxury

40

Objectives

bull To ensure site planning and related design responses facilitate good housingoutcomes

PrivacyDwellings are designed toacknowledge the differentrequirements for privacy andcontrol in the transition1) from public spaces2) through the privately controlledbut publicly visibleor semi-private shared space tothe dwelling entry and3) onto its private open space

Addressing public space

A dwelling adjacent to a streetor park addresses themfunctionally and visually (Onlarge sites communal openspaces are the equivalent of apublic park)

Privacy within the development

Development does notsignificantly reduce privacy anddaylight to private open spaces

Legibility of accessAccess to and sense of entry to adwelling fronting a street or aninternal path network is clearand unambiguous

SITE PLANNING OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 41

41

External circulationExternal pathways serving anindividual dwelling or multiples ofdwellings within a developmentare designed to suit the needs andvolume of intended occupantsand users

Carparking and streetpresentation

The street frontage of thedevelopment is not dominatedby car parking areas orstructures rubbish binenclosures and utility structures

Planting

Landscaping forms an integralcomponent of the designof the development

Territoriality

bull To aid the control of externalspaces by immediatelyadjacent households theterritorial boundaries of thesespaces are clearly delineated

bull Access by the general publicthrough the site is preventedand if this is unachievable thepath should be treated like apublic realm area

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 42

Objectives

bull To facilitate the provision of comfortable pleasant safe efficient and cost-effective accommodation for the intended occupants of affordable housing

bull To facilitate the incorporation of adaptable housing design principles inaffordable housing

All dwelling types are providedwith an appropriately located andfunctional arearsquos like

External entry areas

Internal entry areas

Livingdining areas

Kitchens

Bathrooms

Hallways

Bedrooms

Storage Area

Clothes Drying

Stairs and lifts( as per

NBC)

Open space

Security Adaptable housing

DESIGN OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 43

Every room intended for human habitation shall abut on aninterior or exterior open space or an open VERANDAH open tosuch interior or exterior open space

SKETCH FOR EXAMPLECONTRARY IMAGE FOUND IN SURVEY

For streets less than 75 m in width the distance of the building (building line) shall beat least 5 m from the centre line of the street

FRONT OPEN SPACES

OPEN SPACES WITHIN A PLOT

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 44

44

Residential and Commercial Zones

In any layout or sub-division of land measuring 03 hectare of

more in residential and commercial zones the community open

spaces shall be reserved for recreational purposes which shall as

far as possible be provided in one place or planned out for the

use of the community in clusters or pockets

The community open spaces shall be provided catering to the

needs of area of layout population for which the layout is

planned and the category of dwelling units The following

minimum provision shall be made

a) 15 percent of the area of the layout or

b) 03 to 04rsquo ha1 000 persons for low income housing the open

spaces shall be 03 ha1 000 persons

No recreational space shall generally be less than 450 sqm

the building line shall beat least 3 m away from the boundary of

recreational open space

Community open spaces and amenities

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 45

Width of Means of Access

The residential plots shall abut

on a public means of access

like street-oad Plots which do

not abut on a streethoad shall

abuthont on a means of access

the width and other

requirements of which shall be

as given in Table 1

In no case development on plots shall be permitted unless it is accessible by a public street of width not less than 6 m

MEANS OF ACCESS

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 46

In the case of special housing schemes for low income group

and economically weaker section of society developed up to two

storied row cluster housing scheme the pedestrian pathway

width shall be 3 m subject to provisions of 94l(a) The

pedestrian pathway shall not serve more than 8 plots on each

side of the pathway the length of the pathway shall be not more

than 50 m

No mention of plot sizehelliplarge plots sub-divided and the norm fails

Distance from Electric LinesNo VERANDAH balcony or the like shall be allowed to beerected or re-erected or any additions or alterations made to abuilding within the distances quoted below in accordance withthe current Indian Electricity Rules as amended from time-to-time between the building and any overhead electric supplyline

MEANS OF ACCESS-Cntd

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 47

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 48

Plot SizeThe minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75 percent shall not be less than 40 sqm in small and medium town and not less than 30 sqm in metropolitan cities Plot sizes below 30 sqm but not less than 15 sqm may be permitted in case of cluster planning however in such cases the ground coverage and FSI shall be 100 percent and 2 percent respectively

NOTES1 In exceptional cases in metropolitan cities with population more than 1 million the size of plots may be brought down to 25 sqm in cases of low income housing colonies located in congested areas as decided by the Authority In mega-cities it may be further reduced to 15 m2 In such cases where plot size is below 25 sqm only cluster planning or group housing may be adopted

2 A minimum of 25 percent of the plot size shall be left open without adversely affecting light and ventilation for habitable spaces and toilet It shall not be made mandatory to leave set back on any side

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 49

Vehicular AccessA right of way of at least 6 m width should be provided up to theentrance to the cluster to facilitate emergency vehicle movement up tocluster

DensityCluster planning methodologies result in higher densities with low risestructures With per dwelling unit covered area of 15 sqm densities of500 dwelling units per hectare (net) shall be permissible Densitieshigher than this should not allowed

Group ToiletCluster housing for economically weaker section families can havegroup toilets at the rate of one water closet one bath and a washingplace for three families

Size of RoomHabitable RoomEvery dwelling unit to be provided should have at least two habitable rooms Even if one room house is provided initially it should be capable of adding a new second room in future However in case single room tenements are required to be provided where future additions are not possible the carpet area of multipurpose single room should be at least 125 m2Such one room dwelling units with 125 m2 carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case of on site rehabilitation of slum dwellers In a house of two rooms first room shall not be less than 90 m2 with minimum width of 25 m and second room shall not be less than 65 m2 with minimum width of 21 m provided the total area of both the rooms is not less than 155 m2 In incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room

SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF CLUSTER PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 51

Life style

Affordability

Social Classification

Life style

SALARY CLASS

BUSINESS CLASS

BOTH WORKING

JOINT FAMILY

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52

Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi

Zone ndashF

a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)

LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53

The component method of design provides a broad frame work for

achieving the described life style objectives

HOUSING COMPONENT

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59

the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60

Desired outcomes Suggested responses

One two and three-bedroom

dwellings

One two and three-bedroom affordable

housing

dwelling types provide rooms of

sufficient dimensions to support the

safe comfortable and convenient use of

and movement around furniture

facilities and fittings needed by

householders

Studio apartments

Studio apartment rooms provide

adequate space for the function of

individual units including

bull sleeping living dining and kitchen

areas and

bull adequate bathroom laundry and

clothes dryingfacilities

Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table

Studio apartments generally conform to a

minimum

gross floor area of 30m2

The room sizes generally conform to the

following table

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61

Afordability Survey and Analysis

Category

Sample

Income group

Current status

Current Facilities Wishlist

Affordable EMI Analysis

Low

Inco

me

Gro

up

case

-1

A small 2BHK unit

of approx

35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs

lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)

4000

Rentedcommon washrooms

separate washroom

1500 PM no privacy Privacy

Mid

dle

Cla

ss

case

-1

10000-35000

Single 2BHK Family 2bhk

A Good 23BHK unit of approx

100 sqyard in range of

18-25 lacs

Rented Good location 7000

11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry

Bigger balcony

More natural light

Bigger Bedrooms

Good storage Space

case

-2

10000-35000

Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms

RentedBigger living area

7000 PM Good height 10000

Minimum shafts

small kitchenlaundry

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62

EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT

AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1

Category - EWS

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR

CASE -2

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35

CASE -3

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE

5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25

35

40

25

30

1060

30

1060

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63

63

AREA -DAYANAND COLONY

CASE -1

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

1010

30

50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65

GENERAL PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68

NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69

SPACE RELATIONSHIP

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71

Approach for investigating

affordable housing

Knowledge about future

house

Knowledge about present

house

Knowledge about Family

Payment Method

Preferred Area

PreferredLocation

Affordability

TypologicalPreferences

SpacePreferences

Location winNeighborhood

AdvantagesDis

Home TypeOwnershipStatus

Location

NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces

Degree ofSatisfaction

Income level

No of Family Members

EducationalLevel

(husbandwife)

Work Sector

No of Cars

Domestic Labor

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

72

AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

10

10

30

50

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

73

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

74

Conclusion

While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are

increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as

televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While

we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an

auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living

in a slum-like dwelling

It is understandable that economic

growth leads to rise in income but this

has led to even faster rise in property

prices leaving it unaffordable for majority

of population Affordable housing is

expected to have a positive by improving

basic quality of life Problems like traffic

congestion air quality commute times

etc can be resolved by providing proper

housing facilities to the weaker sections

of the society While the concept of

affordable housing seems to be a simple

solution to current housing woes its

execution remains complicated due to the

unclear policy framework To make

affordable housing work in India it would

require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by

slightly adjusting their interests towards a

wider social cause

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

75

Land use planning and

development

The project of the poor

Development standards

Land supply

Land value

Land affordability

Subdivision

Land market

Allocation

Demand

Intervention rationale

Neo liberalism

Site and Service

Subdivision

Land policy

Efficiency and equity

Land management

Direct intervention world

bank

Learning by doing

Site and service

subdivision

Poverty alleviation

Suitability and

acceptability

Affordability standards

subdivision

Intervention usually takes three broad categories

bull planning regulations

bull direct government investments and

bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation

Land management improvements

Example Land Readjustment

direct public investment

Example land banking

Example Site-and-Service

OBJECTIVES

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at

1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on

rental or ownership basis

2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter

options especially to the vulnerable groups

and the poor

3 Ensuring that housing along with the

supporting services is treated as a priority and

at par with infrastructure sector

4 Removing barriers related to legal financial

and administrative for facilitating access to

land finance and technology

5 Forging strong partnership between private

public and cooperative sectors to enhance the

capacity of the construction industry to

participate in every sphere of housing and

habitat

6 Using technology for modernizing the

housing sector to increase efficiency

productivity energy efficiency and quality

7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions

and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for

adding to the housing stock

THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including

formulation of effective

foreclosure laws

bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of

resources to the

housing and infrastructure sector

bull Develop a debt market for housing and

infrastructure fully integrated

with the financial markets in the country

bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the

requirement of low cost funds

for the housing needs of the poor

bull Promote research and development and transfer of

technology for

construction of houses

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available

resources to promote development and growth in a

sustained manner

bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing

infrastructure innovative and energy saving

construction materials and methods and also set up

a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the

concessions are correctly targeted and utilized

bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological

standards to protect the environment and provide a

better quality of life in human settlements

bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage

market

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD

1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a

boost to housing and supporting infrastructure

2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in

undertaking housing construction for all segments in

urban and rural areas

3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to

land

4 Facilitate training of construction workers by

converging other development programs through

building centers and other agencies

5 Promote decentralized production and availability of

building material

6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their

responsibilities in regulatory and development

functions

THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare

District Housing Action Plans for rural areas

2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and

augment supply of land for housing particularly

for the vulnerable group

3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural

infrastructure services

4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for

planned development

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE

COMPANIES WOULD

1 Redefine their role and move away from their

traditional approach to housing finance

2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the

needs of people

3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to

those who are in dire need of housing finance

support

4 Mobilize resources from provident funds

insurance funds mutual funds etc For house

building activities

5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize

domestic savings

HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS

DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND

OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role

for facilitating land assembly and development of

infrastructure

2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and

cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient

manner

3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement

THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND

CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD

1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of

houses and development of amenities

2 Forge partnership with state governments and local

authorities for construction of houses

3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out

schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization

basis

RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

ORGANIZATIONS WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw

materials

2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace

them with renewable resources

3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by

various public and private construction agencies

4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and

construction methods

5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the

housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste

based energy

6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new

constructions as well as strengthening of existing

houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and

human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes

cyclones and floods

7 Disseminate (spread) information about new

technologies and provide training to construction

workers in the use of new technologies

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

84

Role of PPP in Affordable Housing

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

85

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

86

JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance

No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million

No of Houses under Progress 0265 million

Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores

(BSUP+IHSDP)

997

achieved

Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of

Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline

Target of 27 cities

27 cities

achieved

Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of

developed land for EWSLIG Timeline

Target of 16 cities

16 cities

achieved

The JNNURM Initiative

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

87

i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP

ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath

iii Vector-free housing layout

iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces

v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and

vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness

Inclusive Planning amp Architecture

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

88

Recommendations

bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100

ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households

ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs

ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment

ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure

ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by

ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and

conversion of agricultural lands for urban use

ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for

making a proper assessment of land

requirements and allocation of such lands for

different uses

ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

89

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

90

Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

91

Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels

Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

92

SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66

References

Inferences

Books

Internet

Case Studies

Library references

bullNational Building Codes

bullGreen Households Domestic consumers

environment and sustainability

bullSustainable design practice

bullModern architecture

bullGaia House Design

bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy

Charles chorea and Raj

Reval

bullIntach library

Net references

bullWikipediacom

bullGooglecoin

bullDDA website

bullWHO living

standards

Case studies

bullResidences in old

Delhi

bullOther

contemporary

houses in

surrounding

houses

References

Page 3: Dessertation ii sem [autosaved]

I Pragya Sharma hereby declare that the Thesis entitled ldquoTransforming

Shelters Leading To Affordable Housingrdquo submitted in the partialfulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Masters ofArchitecture is my original design research work and that the information takenfrom secondary sources is given due citations and references

[Signature]

Pragya Sharma[Name of the Student]Roll NoDate 21Dec2010Place DelhiMEkistics 2ndSem (2010-11)

DECLARATION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The journey has been long and there have been numerous co pilots Ilsquod like to

thank all of them First of all I would like to express my indebtedness towards my

computer and the world wide web which stood by me at each and every second

of my academic semester and after him my parents and friends who have been

instrumental in shaping me as I am

Ilsquod like to thank Prof G Mitra my guide who was persistent patient and

considerate towards my idea and for planting all the seeds in my mind directly or

indirectly

I would also like to thank our coordinator Ar Mahinder Sethi amp Ar Qamar Irshad

for his consistent guidance and update of the study and for his immense support

and consistent guidance that was never short of encouragement whenever it was

needed the most

Ilsquod like to thank my husband Ar Bhupendra Kumar who have been constantly the

source of new ideas and who gave me invaluable inputs

And a special thanks to Google and Wikimapia

[Signature]

Pragya Sharma[Name of the Student]Roll NoDate 21Dec2010Place DelhiMEkistics 2ndSem (2010-11)

CONTENTS

SNO

DESCRIPTION PAGES

1 Fore word 6

2 Objective amp scope of study 7

3 Research Methodology 8

4 Introduction

Defining Affordable Housing 10

Comparison between Affordable Housing amp Low Cost Housing

11

GDP Growthamp Housing Demand 13

Demand amp Supply Constraints 14

5 Role of PPP in Affordable Housing

Land Availability amp Cost 16

Construction amp Other Costs 17

Connectivity amp Infrastructure 18

3 Case study 30

Land Availability amp Cost 16

4 Inferences 66

5 Bibliography 69

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 6

FOREWORD

Architecture is always an answer to need Starting from shelter through public buildings till high

rise commercials its has experienced a dynamic paradigm change with pace of life and its

influences

The time of Stone Age(when Caves were the buildings erected by nature and

captured by human) experienced a comfortable feeling of being inside a house and it emerged

like a nuclear reaction multiplying in doubles each moment of seconds Need being mother of

all inventions gave birth to shelters like Terra Amata and gradually developed into ancient

cities This was the time when residences were of most importance as it was the basic need of

life

Later on after demise of golden era neoclassical age started searching for

architecture styles from past but still public buildings were dominating various architects and

they kept them self limited to the roman temples and other communal structure Here came

the role of architect Robert Adam who left the rat race and decided to study and implement

residential architecture techniques used so far Adam devoted his attention to what little was

known about ancient residential design and interior detailing in part because he realized that

his architectural practice would rely on clients who requires homes not temples or churches

based on classical styles

Due to changing needs and reducing resources grand HAVELI are getting

converted into compact villas where as individual residences are smartly converting into multi-

story apartment Its controversial whether architecture is changing living styles or living styles

are changing architecture This study is aiming to answers the same reading amp analyzing the

governing factors and the transformations

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 7

ldquoSpace and light and orderldquoSpace and light and orderThese are the things that men needThese are the things that men need

Just as much as they needJust as much as they needBread or a place to sleepBread or a place to sleeprdquordquo

--Le CorbusierLe Corbusier

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 8

OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE OF STUDY

OBJECTIVES

-Scope of study is to find out the basis for setting parameters of Human Living Standards

-Study will find the habitable size of shelter in combination with AFFORDABILITY with DEMAND

of space To study the basic requirements of shelter eg requirement depending on family size

lifestyle etc

SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS

-Scope of study is to find out the basis for setting parameters of Human Living Standards

-Study will find the habitable size of shelter in combination with AFFORDABILITY with DEMAND

of space To study the basic requirements of shelter eg requirement depending on family size

lifestyle etc

-Study the transformation of shelter ie shrinking of area Study the Transformation of Shelter

with respect to the other four elements of Ekistics( Man Network Nature amp Society)

-Study the Norms amp Regulations for a Sustainable Shelter Impact of Urban Lifestyle on shelter

eg DINK concept of Young working couples ie Double Income No Kid

-After effect of this transformation on the user After diagnostic approach interviews amp survey

will bring up design parameters for designing a HABITABLE SHELTER

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 9

First generating a case for the typology known aslsquo Mixed Land uselsquo in Delhi and analyzing the

various factors and forces responsible for the legitimacy of such a planning typology This would

be achieved by the critically analyzing the relevant literature

Second highlight the dismal history of the Master Plan of Delhi over the years and project how

in requisite the tools and strategies of MPD are for sustaining Mixed Land-use in the city

Through critical analysis of the role of MPD citing an example of one such area in the city and

also through drilling discussions with advisors and experts in the field

These case study areas have been selected on the basis of their location representation of all

the socio-economic groups of people and because these are fully developed and occupied

housing schemes under the Delhi Development Authority (DDA) which is the principal planning

agency to plan and regulate development in the city The field surveys included commercial land

use survey parking survey and interviews of residents shop keepers (doing business in

properties converted from residential uses) and customers selected randomly in these

settlements

Third understand the implications on master and land use plan on the introduction of such a

planning typology This would be achieved by analyzing various successful cities that have

managed to sustain this planning typology over the years Fourth highlight the various tools

and strategies required in the current planning system for mixed land use to be successful in

Delhi Concluded from the case studies of the cities done in the previous chapters

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 10

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 11

INTRODUCTION

Dwelling is one of the basic need of human from ancient time till date Demand and

affordability has defined the boundaries of various classes existing in society The measure

guiding factor is affordability as per day to day demands Living styles status or requirements

demand may be anything but affordability makes the things available There is no limit on

demands but affordability puts a stop mark on that

With the raise in scale of construction residential demands scales up to social demands amp

responsibilities towards societies such as open spaces wide streets low rise and high rise

buildings as per density plan and so on Here comes the bye laws which governs this individual

residential construction of buildings in such a way that once all are erected these results into a

good evenly distributed society

Demand

space to

rest and

sleep

plu

s space to

coo

k

plu

s space to

bath

plu

s space fo

r lavatory

plu

s space to

din

e

plu

s leasure sp

ace

plu

s space fo

r parkin

g

plu

s ou

tdo

or leasu

re space

clas

s

But these byelaws may need amendments as

per changing demand and construction

patterns to satisfy the contemporary culture

This study aims all these factors amp tries to

analyse existing laws supporting them and to

highlight those which needs to be changed

For example need of 200thk slab is reduced

to 150 mm thick and similar others

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 12

The real estate world has changed significantly after the global financial meltdown caused

by defaults on sub-prime loans in US India was no exception and the real estate market

witnessed a contraction in both volume and value Real estate developers were gripped

with the liquidity crisis and were forced to change the ways of doing business Downturn

and liquidity crunch forced developers to adopt a two pronged strategy ndash

smaller units at lesser prices

In this study I have attempted to define

Affordable Housing by using three key

parameters viz

bull income level

bull size of dwelling unit and

bull affordability

While I have assessed the demand and supply

constrains I have also highlighted the

initiatives taken by key stakeholders and their

perspective concerns

INDIA ndashGDP GROWTH

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 13

AFFORDABLE HOUSING ndashDEFINITION

Defining Affordable Housing

ldquoAffordabilityrdquo as a concept is very generic and could have different meanings for different

people based on differences in income levels

Affordable housing refers to any housing that meets some form of affordability

criterion

Defining affordable housing in

India is a difficult task given that

at every square kilo-meter of the

country the dynamics of the

market are different

In the United States and

Canada a commonly acceptedguideline for affordable housing isthat the cost of housing should notbe more than 30 percent of ahouseholds gross income

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 14

AFFORDABLE HOUSING VS LOW COST HOUSING

Low-cost housing is generally meant for EWS category and comprises bare minimum housing

facilities while affordable housing is mostly meant for LIG and MIG and includes basic amenities

like schools hospitals and other community facilities and services

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 15

INDICATIVE SIZE amp POTENTIAL IN INDIA

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 16

DEMAND AND SUPPLY CONSTRAINTS

The demand drivers for affordable housing are as below

Urbanization

Rising income levels leading to a sizeable middle class segment Urbanization is an

ldquoindex of transformation from traditional rural 1 economies to modern industrial one rdquo

Its a product of demographic explosion and poverty induced rural-urban migration

This resulted in pressure on urban infrastructure and in an increase in the number of

homeless people living on the streets

As per the 2001 census the total urban homeless population was 7 78599 people

which would be much more currently given the inadequate availability of 2affordable

low-cost housing

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 17

THE DEMAND MODEL METHODOLOGY

The land market is fundamentally described by household choices of location and lot size The outcomes as in all economics arises from the interaction of demand (of household) and supply (of land parcel) Households are characterized by their income and preferences while land supply is characterized by quantity location and lot characteristics Household preferences can be represented by the price each household is willing to pay for each type

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 18

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 19

DEMAND SUPPLY DYNAMICS

bull Short Supply of residential dwellingsbull Supply shortfall existing since post

independencebull In 2005 estimated demand is 2095

million supply is 1897 Millionbull Demand ndash Supply gap is narrowing

bull Low supply of housing for low

income earners

bull As per 11th 5 year plan

- Shortage of 2471 million

dwellings

- Close to 99 of shortage in

EWS amp LIG segment

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 20

BIRTH AND MIGRATION

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 21

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 22

POPULATION AND HOUSING

PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLDS BY NUMBER OF ROOMS

OCCUPIED 1961 ndash 2001( in million )

No of Rooms

occupied 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001

One Room 531 50 458 396 351

Two Rooms 247 27 278 304 295

Three Rooms 103 114 122 148 171

Four or more

Rooms 111 114 121 147 159

No Exclusive

rooms 09 02 21 004 23

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

One Room Two Rooms Three

Rooms

Four or

more

Rooms

No

Exclusive

rooms

d

istr

ibut

ion

of h

ouse

hold

s

Approximate 50 of the households has two and three bed room dwelling units

Source Census of India 2001

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 23

Populatio

n

Residents

with

Buying

Power

Populatio

n under 20

Per

Capita

Income

GDP

Growth

Rate

Housing

Shortage

Estimate

1065

billion

300

million

58 $539 8 22 million

India Demographics Housing Shortage

Housing shortage at the beginning of 11th Five

Year Plan (142007)

2471 million

dwelling units

Additional Housing Requirement for the 11th

Plan ( 2007-2012)

182 million dwelling

units

Total housing requirement during 11th Plan

Period including the carried over housing shortage

2653 Million

dwelling units

TOTAL HOUSING SHORTAGE

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 24

CATEGORY VISE HOUSING SHORTAGE

Estimated Urban Housing Unit Shortage as on 142007

More than 99 shortage is for EWSLIG segments

Total 2471 m 10000EWS 2178 m 8814LIG 289 m 1169MIG amp HIG 004 m 016

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 25

28

46

618

Source Annual Report 2006-07 MoHUPA

Slum Population as age of total urban population is given in parenthesis

GROWTH OF SLUMS

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 26

The housing requirement for the Rs3-10 Lakh income group is approx206 million units by 2011translating to a market size of Rs3300billion or USD 66 billion

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 27

SUGGESTED PARAMETER FOR HOUSING

EWS LIG MIG

Size 300-600 sq ft carpet area Not exceeding 1200 sq ft

carpet area

Cost Not exceeding 4 times

household gross annual

income

Not exceeding 5 times

household gross annual

income

EMIRent Not exceeding 30 of gross

monthly income

Not exceeding 40 of gross

monthly income

AFFORDABLE HOUSING THE CONCEPT AND ISSUES

Difficult to adopt a lsquoone-size-fits-allrsquo concept

Government should undertake a separate exercise to estimate the number of

households falling under the lsquoaffordable housingrsquo category

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 28

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 29

NCR revealed a number of interesting facts during the household survey carriedout in order to ascertain the affordability of the various income groups at citylevel Table 6 depicts in detail the maximum affordable EMI of households invarious income levels This EMI has been estimated from the annual income ofhousehold and its spending and saving behaviour The maximum EMI has beentranslated into affordable house property value based on an assumed interestrate loan tenure and loan to value ratio The table also shows the capital valuesthat the households will have to pay keeping in view the preferred house size andthe affordable house property value An interesting point that was inferred fromthe survey results was that the income groups of Rs3-5 Lakh and Rs5-6 Lakhpreferred similar sized units for their housing needs Both the income categoriesexpressed the area of their residential units in the range of 700-800 sqftHowever while this allows the lower income group to purchase a property withan average price of Rs2300sqft the same enabled the higher income group ofRs5-6 lakh to opt for properties in the range of Rs2900-3650sqft MeanwhileNCR spanning a larger area with vast land parcels available for residentialdevelopment provides varied location options for the residents of the city tofulfill their housing needs The category of households with income of Rs6 lakhand above can afford residential units in select pockets of the newly developedzones in Gurgaon Noida as well as along NH-2 and NH-24 Though these locationssuit the budget preference of households they are located about 30 kms from theCBD area of Delhi ie Connaught Place For example residential locations inGurgaon and Noida are atleast 30 kms from the CBD Residential locations on NH24 Ghaziabad and NH 2 Faridabad are about 35 kms and 27 kms respectivelyfrom the CBD Meanwhile if households especially those in the income categoryof Rs3-5 Lakh are willing to compromise on unit

IDENTIFYING AFFORDABILITY

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 30

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 31

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 32

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 33

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 34

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 35

H

H

H

H

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 36

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 37

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 38

Objectives

bull To facilitate the incorporation of affordable housing in residential and mixed-use developments

bull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing in locations with easy accessto shops transport and government

and community servicesbull To ensure appropriate car parking provision for household requirementsbull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing through management and

ownership considerations

Diversity of affordable

housing

The affordable housingdevelopment provides

bull one two andor three-bedroom dwelling typesandor

bull apartments

Car parking

Car parking provision isappropriate for site location andhousehold requirements and isprovided on the site

Location of affordable

housing

Affordable housing is locatedclose to or has easy access toshops employment transportand government and communityservices

PROVISION AND LOCATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 39

Objectives

Integrating affordable housing

Affordable housing is integrated into new residential and mixed-usedevelopments where it is not a stand-alone development on its own site

Suggested responses

INTEGRATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 40Transforming Shelters-A journey of affordable Luxury

40

Objectives

bull To ensure site planning and related design responses facilitate good housingoutcomes

PrivacyDwellings are designed toacknowledge the differentrequirements for privacy andcontrol in the transition1) from public spaces2) through the privately controlledbut publicly visibleor semi-private shared space tothe dwelling entry and3) onto its private open space

Addressing public space

A dwelling adjacent to a streetor park addresses themfunctionally and visually (Onlarge sites communal openspaces are the equivalent of apublic park)

Privacy within the development

Development does notsignificantly reduce privacy anddaylight to private open spaces

Legibility of accessAccess to and sense of entry to adwelling fronting a street or aninternal path network is clearand unambiguous

SITE PLANNING OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 41

41

External circulationExternal pathways serving anindividual dwelling or multiples ofdwellings within a developmentare designed to suit the needs andvolume of intended occupantsand users

Carparking and streetpresentation

The street frontage of thedevelopment is not dominatedby car parking areas orstructures rubbish binenclosures and utility structures

Planting

Landscaping forms an integralcomponent of the designof the development

Territoriality

bull To aid the control of externalspaces by immediatelyadjacent households theterritorial boundaries of thesespaces are clearly delineated

bull Access by the general publicthrough the site is preventedand if this is unachievable thepath should be treated like apublic realm area

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 42

Objectives

bull To facilitate the provision of comfortable pleasant safe efficient and cost-effective accommodation for the intended occupants of affordable housing

bull To facilitate the incorporation of adaptable housing design principles inaffordable housing

All dwelling types are providedwith an appropriately located andfunctional arearsquos like

External entry areas

Internal entry areas

Livingdining areas

Kitchens

Bathrooms

Hallways

Bedrooms

Storage Area

Clothes Drying

Stairs and lifts( as per

NBC)

Open space

Security Adaptable housing

DESIGN OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 43

Every room intended for human habitation shall abut on aninterior or exterior open space or an open VERANDAH open tosuch interior or exterior open space

SKETCH FOR EXAMPLECONTRARY IMAGE FOUND IN SURVEY

For streets less than 75 m in width the distance of the building (building line) shall beat least 5 m from the centre line of the street

FRONT OPEN SPACES

OPEN SPACES WITHIN A PLOT

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 44

44

Residential and Commercial Zones

In any layout or sub-division of land measuring 03 hectare of

more in residential and commercial zones the community open

spaces shall be reserved for recreational purposes which shall as

far as possible be provided in one place or planned out for the

use of the community in clusters or pockets

The community open spaces shall be provided catering to the

needs of area of layout population for which the layout is

planned and the category of dwelling units The following

minimum provision shall be made

a) 15 percent of the area of the layout or

b) 03 to 04rsquo ha1 000 persons for low income housing the open

spaces shall be 03 ha1 000 persons

No recreational space shall generally be less than 450 sqm

the building line shall beat least 3 m away from the boundary of

recreational open space

Community open spaces and amenities

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 45

Width of Means of Access

The residential plots shall abut

on a public means of access

like street-oad Plots which do

not abut on a streethoad shall

abuthont on a means of access

the width and other

requirements of which shall be

as given in Table 1

In no case development on plots shall be permitted unless it is accessible by a public street of width not less than 6 m

MEANS OF ACCESS

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 46

In the case of special housing schemes for low income group

and economically weaker section of society developed up to two

storied row cluster housing scheme the pedestrian pathway

width shall be 3 m subject to provisions of 94l(a) The

pedestrian pathway shall not serve more than 8 plots on each

side of the pathway the length of the pathway shall be not more

than 50 m

No mention of plot sizehelliplarge plots sub-divided and the norm fails

Distance from Electric LinesNo VERANDAH balcony or the like shall be allowed to beerected or re-erected or any additions or alterations made to abuilding within the distances quoted below in accordance withthe current Indian Electricity Rules as amended from time-to-time between the building and any overhead electric supplyline

MEANS OF ACCESS-Cntd

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 47

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 48

Plot SizeThe minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75 percent shall not be less than 40 sqm in small and medium town and not less than 30 sqm in metropolitan cities Plot sizes below 30 sqm but not less than 15 sqm may be permitted in case of cluster planning however in such cases the ground coverage and FSI shall be 100 percent and 2 percent respectively

NOTES1 In exceptional cases in metropolitan cities with population more than 1 million the size of plots may be brought down to 25 sqm in cases of low income housing colonies located in congested areas as decided by the Authority In mega-cities it may be further reduced to 15 m2 In such cases where plot size is below 25 sqm only cluster planning or group housing may be adopted

2 A minimum of 25 percent of the plot size shall be left open without adversely affecting light and ventilation for habitable spaces and toilet It shall not be made mandatory to leave set back on any side

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 49

Vehicular AccessA right of way of at least 6 m width should be provided up to theentrance to the cluster to facilitate emergency vehicle movement up tocluster

DensityCluster planning methodologies result in higher densities with low risestructures With per dwelling unit covered area of 15 sqm densities of500 dwelling units per hectare (net) shall be permissible Densitieshigher than this should not allowed

Group ToiletCluster housing for economically weaker section families can havegroup toilets at the rate of one water closet one bath and a washingplace for three families

Size of RoomHabitable RoomEvery dwelling unit to be provided should have at least two habitable rooms Even if one room house is provided initially it should be capable of adding a new second room in future However in case single room tenements are required to be provided where future additions are not possible the carpet area of multipurpose single room should be at least 125 m2Such one room dwelling units with 125 m2 carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case of on site rehabilitation of slum dwellers In a house of two rooms first room shall not be less than 90 m2 with minimum width of 25 m and second room shall not be less than 65 m2 with minimum width of 21 m provided the total area of both the rooms is not less than 155 m2 In incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room

SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF CLUSTER PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 51

Life style

Affordability

Social Classification

Life style

SALARY CLASS

BUSINESS CLASS

BOTH WORKING

JOINT FAMILY

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52

Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi

Zone ndashF

a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)

LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53

The component method of design provides a broad frame work for

achieving the described life style objectives

HOUSING COMPONENT

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59

the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60

Desired outcomes Suggested responses

One two and three-bedroom

dwellings

One two and three-bedroom affordable

housing

dwelling types provide rooms of

sufficient dimensions to support the

safe comfortable and convenient use of

and movement around furniture

facilities and fittings needed by

householders

Studio apartments

Studio apartment rooms provide

adequate space for the function of

individual units including

bull sleeping living dining and kitchen

areas and

bull adequate bathroom laundry and

clothes dryingfacilities

Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table

Studio apartments generally conform to a

minimum

gross floor area of 30m2

The room sizes generally conform to the

following table

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61

Afordability Survey and Analysis

Category

Sample

Income group

Current status

Current Facilities Wishlist

Affordable EMI Analysis

Low

Inco

me

Gro

up

case

-1

A small 2BHK unit

of approx

35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs

lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)

4000

Rentedcommon washrooms

separate washroom

1500 PM no privacy Privacy

Mid

dle

Cla

ss

case

-1

10000-35000

Single 2BHK Family 2bhk

A Good 23BHK unit of approx

100 sqyard in range of

18-25 lacs

Rented Good location 7000

11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry

Bigger balcony

More natural light

Bigger Bedrooms

Good storage Space

case

-2

10000-35000

Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms

RentedBigger living area

7000 PM Good height 10000

Minimum shafts

small kitchenlaundry

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62

EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT

AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1

Category - EWS

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR

CASE -2

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35

CASE -3

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE

5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25

35

40

25

30

1060

30

1060

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63

63

AREA -DAYANAND COLONY

CASE -1

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

1010

30

50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65

GENERAL PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68

NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69

SPACE RELATIONSHIP

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71

Approach for investigating

affordable housing

Knowledge about future

house

Knowledge about present

house

Knowledge about Family

Payment Method

Preferred Area

PreferredLocation

Affordability

TypologicalPreferences

SpacePreferences

Location winNeighborhood

AdvantagesDis

Home TypeOwnershipStatus

Location

NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces

Degree ofSatisfaction

Income level

No of Family Members

EducationalLevel

(husbandwife)

Work Sector

No of Cars

Domestic Labor

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

72

AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

10

10

30

50

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

73

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

74

Conclusion

While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are

increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as

televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While

we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an

auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living

in a slum-like dwelling

It is understandable that economic

growth leads to rise in income but this

has led to even faster rise in property

prices leaving it unaffordable for majority

of population Affordable housing is

expected to have a positive by improving

basic quality of life Problems like traffic

congestion air quality commute times

etc can be resolved by providing proper

housing facilities to the weaker sections

of the society While the concept of

affordable housing seems to be a simple

solution to current housing woes its

execution remains complicated due to the

unclear policy framework To make

affordable housing work in India it would

require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by

slightly adjusting their interests towards a

wider social cause

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

75

Land use planning and

development

The project of the poor

Development standards

Land supply

Land value

Land affordability

Subdivision

Land market

Allocation

Demand

Intervention rationale

Neo liberalism

Site and Service

Subdivision

Land policy

Efficiency and equity

Land management

Direct intervention world

bank

Learning by doing

Site and service

subdivision

Poverty alleviation

Suitability and

acceptability

Affordability standards

subdivision

Intervention usually takes three broad categories

bull planning regulations

bull direct government investments and

bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation

Land management improvements

Example Land Readjustment

direct public investment

Example land banking

Example Site-and-Service

OBJECTIVES

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at

1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on

rental or ownership basis

2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter

options especially to the vulnerable groups

and the poor

3 Ensuring that housing along with the

supporting services is treated as a priority and

at par with infrastructure sector

4 Removing barriers related to legal financial

and administrative for facilitating access to

land finance and technology

5 Forging strong partnership between private

public and cooperative sectors to enhance the

capacity of the construction industry to

participate in every sphere of housing and

habitat

6 Using technology for modernizing the

housing sector to increase efficiency

productivity energy efficiency and quality

7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions

and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for

adding to the housing stock

THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including

formulation of effective

foreclosure laws

bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of

resources to the

housing and infrastructure sector

bull Develop a debt market for housing and

infrastructure fully integrated

with the financial markets in the country

bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the

requirement of low cost funds

for the housing needs of the poor

bull Promote research and development and transfer of

technology for

construction of houses

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available

resources to promote development and growth in a

sustained manner

bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing

infrastructure innovative and energy saving

construction materials and methods and also set up

a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the

concessions are correctly targeted and utilized

bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological

standards to protect the environment and provide a

better quality of life in human settlements

bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage

market

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD

1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a

boost to housing and supporting infrastructure

2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in

undertaking housing construction for all segments in

urban and rural areas

3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to

land

4 Facilitate training of construction workers by

converging other development programs through

building centers and other agencies

5 Promote decentralized production and availability of

building material

6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their

responsibilities in regulatory and development

functions

THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare

District Housing Action Plans for rural areas

2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and

augment supply of land for housing particularly

for the vulnerable group

3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural

infrastructure services

4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for

planned development

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE

COMPANIES WOULD

1 Redefine their role and move away from their

traditional approach to housing finance

2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the

needs of people

3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to

those who are in dire need of housing finance

support

4 Mobilize resources from provident funds

insurance funds mutual funds etc For house

building activities

5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize

domestic savings

HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS

DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND

OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role

for facilitating land assembly and development of

infrastructure

2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and

cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient

manner

3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement

THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND

CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD

1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of

houses and development of amenities

2 Forge partnership with state governments and local

authorities for construction of houses

3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out

schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization

basis

RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

ORGANIZATIONS WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw

materials

2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace

them with renewable resources

3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by

various public and private construction agencies

4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and

construction methods

5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the

housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste

based energy

6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new

constructions as well as strengthening of existing

houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and

human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes

cyclones and floods

7 Disseminate (spread) information about new

technologies and provide training to construction

workers in the use of new technologies

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

84

Role of PPP in Affordable Housing

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

85

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

86

JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance

No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million

No of Houses under Progress 0265 million

Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores

(BSUP+IHSDP)

997

achieved

Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of

Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline

Target of 27 cities

27 cities

achieved

Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of

developed land for EWSLIG Timeline

Target of 16 cities

16 cities

achieved

The JNNURM Initiative

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

87

i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP

ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath

iii Vector-free housing layout

iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces

v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and

vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness

Inclusive Planning amp Architecture

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

88

Recommendations

bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100

ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households

ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs

ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment

ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure

ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by

ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and

conversion of agricultural lands for urban use

ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for

making a proper assessment of land

requirements and allocation of such lands for

different uses

ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

89

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

90

Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

91

Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels

Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

92

SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66

References

Inferences

Books

Internet

Case Studies

Library references

bullNational Building Codes

bullGreen Households Domestic consumers

environment and sustainability

bullSustainable design practice

bullModern architecture

bullGaia House Design

bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy

Charles chorea and Raj

Reval

bullIntach library

Net references

bullWikipediacom

bullGooglecoin

bullDDA website

bullWHO living

standards

Case studies

bullResidences in old

Delhi

bullOther

contemporary

houses in

surrounding

houses

References

Page 4: Dessertation ii sem [autosaved]

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The journey has been long and there have been numerous co pilots Ilsquod like to

thank all of them First of all I would like to express my indebtedness towards my

computer and the world wide web which stood by me at each and every second

of my academic semester and after him my parents and friends who have been

instrumental in shaping me as I am

Ilsquod like to thank Prof G Mitra my guide who was persistent patient and

considerate towards my idea and for planting all the seeds in my mind directly or

indirectly

I would also like to thank our coordinator Ar Mahinder Sethi amp Ar Qamar Irshad

for his consistent guidance and update of the study and for his immense support

and consistent guidance that was never short of encouragement whenever it was

needed the most

Ilsquod like to thank my husband Ar Bhupendra Kumar who have been constantly the

source of new ideas and who gave me invaluable inputs

And a special thanks to Google and Wikimapia

[Signature]

Pragya Sharma[Name of the Student]Roll NoDate 21Dec2010Place DelhiMEkistics 2ndSem (2010-11)

CONTENTS

SNO

DESCRIPTION PAGES

1 Fore word 6

2 Objective amp scope of study 7

3 Research Methodology 8

4 Introduction

Defining Affordable Housing 10

Comparison between Affordable Housing amp Low Cost Housing

11

GDP Growthamp Housing Demand 13

Demand amp Supply Constraints 14

5 Role of PPP in Affordable Housing

Land Availability amp Cost 16

Construction amp Other Costs 17

Connectivity amp Infrastructure 18

3 Case study 30

Land Availability amp Cost 16

4 Inferences 66

5 Bibliography 69

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 6

FOREWORD

Architecture is always an answer to need Starting from shelter through public buildings till high

rise commercials its has experienced a dynamic paradigm change with pace of life and its

influences

The time of Stone Age(when Caves were the buildings erected by nature and

captured by human) experienced a comfortable feeling of being inside a house and it emerged

like a nuclear reaction multiplying in doubles each moment of seconds Need being mother of

all inventions gave birth to shelters like Terra Amata and gradually developed into ancient

cities This was the time when residences were of most importance as it was the basic need of

life

Later on after demise of golden era neoclassical age started searching for

architecture styles from past but still public buildings were dominating various architects and

they kept them self limited to the roman temples and other communal structure Here came

the role of architect Robert Adam who left the rat race and decided to study and implement

residential architecture techniques used so far Adam devoted his attention to what little was

known about ancient residential design and interior detailing in part because he realized that

his architectural practice would rely on clients who requires homes not temples or churches

based on classical styles

Due to changing needs and reducing resources grand HAVELI are getting

converted into compact villas where as individual residences are smartly converting into multi-

story apartment Its controversial whether architecture is changing living styles or living styles

are changing architecture This study is aiming to answers the same reading amp analyzing the

governing factors and the transformations

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 7

ldquoSpace and light and orderldquoSpace and light and orderThese are the things that men needThese are the things that men need

Just as much as they needJust as much as they needBread or a place to sleepBread or a place to sleeprdquordquo

--Le CorbusierLe Corbusier

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 8

OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE OF STUDY

OBJECTIVES

-Scope of study is to find out the basis for setting parameters of Human Living Standards

-Study will find the habitable size of shelter in combination with AFFORDABILITY with DEMAND

of space To study the basic requirements of shelter eg requirement depending on family size

lifestyle etc

SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS

-Scope of study is to find out the basis for setting parameters of Human Living Standards

-Study will find the habitable size of shelter in combination with AFFORDABILITY with DEMAND

of space To study the basic requirements of shelter eg requirement depending on family size

lifestyle etc

-Study the transformation of shelter ie shrinking of area Study the Transformation of Shelter

with respect to the other four elements of Ekistics( Man Network Nature amp Society)

-Study the Norms amp Regulations for a Sustainable Shelter Impact of Urban Lifestyle on shelter

eg DINK concept of Young working couples ie Double Income No Kid

-After effect of this transformation on the user After diagnostic approach interviews amp survey

will bring up design parameters for designing a HABITABLE SHELTER

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 9

First generating a case for the typology known aslsquo Mixed Land uselsquo in Delhi and analyzing the

various factors and forces responsible for the legitimacy of such a planning typology This would

be achieved by the critically analyzing the relevant literature

Second highlight the dismal history of the Master Plan of Delhi over the years and project how

in requisite the tools and strategies of MPD are for sustaining Mixed Land-use in the city

Through critical analysis of the role of MPD citing an example of one such area in the city and

also through drilling discussions with advisors and experts in the field

These case study areas have been selected on the basis of their location representation of all

the socio-economic groups of people and because these are fully developed and occupied

housing schemes under the Delhi Development Authority (DDA) which is the principal planning

agency to plan and regulate development in the city The field surveys included commercial land

use survey parking survey and interviews of residents shop keepers (doing business in

properties converted from residential uses) and customers selected randomly in these

settlements

Third understand the implications on master and land use plan on the introduction of such a

planning typology This would be achieved by analyzing various successful cities that have

managed to sustain this planning typology over the years Fourth highlight the various tools

and strategies required in the current planning system for mixed land use to be successful in

Delhi Concluded from the case studies of the cities done in the previous chapters

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 10

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 11

INTRODUCTION

Dwelling is one of the basic need of human from ancient time till date Demand and

affordability has defined the boundaries of various classes existing in society The measure

guiding factor is affordability as per day to day demands Living styles status or requirements

demand may be anything but affordability makes the things available There is no limit on

demands but affordability puts a stop mark on that

With the raise in scale of construction residential demands scales up to social demands amp

responsibilities towards societies such as open spaces wide streets low rise and high rise

buildings as per density plan and so on Here comes the bye laws which governs this individual

residential construction of buildings in such a way that once all are erected these results into a

good evenly distributed society

Demand

space to

rest and

sleep

plu

s space to

coo

k

plu

s space to

bath

plu

s space fo

r lavatory

plu

s space to

din

e

plu

s leasure sp

ace

plu

s space fo

r parkin

g

plu

s ou

tdo

or leasu

re space

clas

s

But these byelaws may need amendments as

per changing demand and construction

patterns to satisfy the contemporary culture

This study aims all these factors amp tries to

analyse existing laws supporting them and to

highlight those which needs to be changed

For example need of 200thk slab is reduced

to 150 mm thick and similar others

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 12

The real estate world has changed significantly after the global financial meltdown caused

by defaults on sub-prime loans in US India was no exception and the real estate market

witnessed a contraction in both volume and value Real estate developers were gripped

with the liquidity crisis and were forced to change the ways of doing business Downturn

and liquidity crunch forced developers to adopt a two pronged strategy ndash

smaller units at lesser prices

In this study I have attempted to define

Affordable Housing by using three key

parameters viz

bull income level

bull size of dwelling unit and

bull affordability

While I have assessed the demand and supply

constrains I have also highlighted the

initiatives taken by key stakeholders and their

perspective concerns

INDIA ndashGDP GROWTH

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 13

AFFORDABLE HOUSING ndashDEFINITION

Defining Affordable Housing

ldquoAffordabilityrdquo as a concept is very generic and could have different meanings for different

people based on differences in income levels

Affordable housing refers to any housing that meets some form of affordability

criterion

Defining affordable housing in

India is a difficult task given that

at every square kilo-meter of the

country the dynamics of the

market are different

In the United States and

Canada a commonly acceptedguideline for affordable housing isthat the cost of housing should notbe more than 30 percent of ahouseholds gross income

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 14

AFFORDABLE HOUSING VS LOW COST HOUSING

Low-cost housing is generally meant for EWS category and comprises bare minimum housing

facilities while affordable housing is mostly meant for LIG and MIG and includes basic amenities

like schools hospitals and other community facilities and services

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 15

INDICATIVE SIZE amp POTENTIAL IN INDIA

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 16

DEMAND AND SUPPLY CONSTRAINTS

The demand drivers for affordable housing are as below

Urbanization

Rising income levels leading to a sizeable middle class segment Urbanization is an

ldquoindex of transformation from traditional rural 1 economies to modern industrial one rdquo

Its a product of demographic explosion and poverty induced rural-urban migration

This resulted in pressure on urban infrastructure and in an increase in the number of

homeless people living on the streets

As per the 2001 census the total urban homeless population was 7 78599 people

which would be much more currently given the inadequate availability of 2affordable

low-cost housing

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 17

THE DEMAND MODEL METHODOLOGY

The land market is fundamentally described by household choices of location and lot size The outcomes as in all economics arises from the interaction of demand (of household) and supply (of land parcel) Households are characterized by their income and preferences while land supply is characterized by quantity location and lot characteristics Household preferences can be represented by the price each household is willing to pay for each type

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 18

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 19

DEMAND SUPPLY DYNAMICS

bull Short Supply of residential dwellingsbull Supply shortfall existing since post

independencebull In 2005 estimated demand is 2095

million supply is 1897 Millionbull Demand ndash Supply gap is narrowing

bull Low supply of housing for low

income earners

bull As per 11th 5 year plan

- Shortage of 2471 million

dwellings

- Close to 99 of shortage in

EWS amp LIG segment

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 20

BIRTH AND MIGRATION

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 21

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 22

POPULATION AND HOUSING

PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLDS BY NUMBER OF ROOMS

OCCUPIED 1961 ndash 2001( in million )

No of Rooms

occupied 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001

One Room 531 50 458 396 351

Two Rooms 247 27 278 304 295

Three Rooms 103 114 122 148 171

Four or more

Rooms 111 114 121 147 159

No Exclusive

rooms 09 02 21 004 23

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

One Room Two Rooms Three

Rooms

Four or

more

Rooms

No

Exclusive

rooms

d

istr

ibut

ion

of h

ouse

hold

s

Approximate 50 of the households has two and three bed room dwelling units

Source Census of India 2001

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 23

Populatio

n

Residents

with

Buying

Power

Populatio

n under 20

Per

Capita

Income

GDP

Growth

Rate

Housing

Shortage

Estimate

1065

billion

300

million

58 $539 8 22 million

India Demographics Housing Shortage

Housing shortage at the beginning of 11th Five

Year Plan (142007)

2471 million

dwelling units

Additional Housing Requirement for the 11th

Plan ( 2007-2012)

182 million dwelling

units

Total housing requirement during 11th Plan

Period including the carried over housing shortage

2653 Million

dwelling units

TOTAL HOUSING SHORTAGE

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 24

CATEGORY VISE HOUSING SHORTAGE

Estimated Urban Housing Unit Shortage as on 142007

More than 99 shortage is for EWSLIG segments

Total 2471 m 10000EWS 2178 m 8814LIG 289 m 1169MIG amp HIG 004 m 016

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 25

28

46

618

Source Annual Report 2006-07 MoHUPA

Slum Population as age of total urban population is given in parenthesis

GROWTH OF SLUMS

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 26

The housing requirement for the Rs3-10 Lakh income group is approx206 million units by 2011translating to a market size of Rs3300billion or USD 66 billion

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 27

SUGGESTED PARAMETER FOR HOUSING

EWS LIG MIG

Size 300-600 sq ft carpet area Not exceeding 1200 sq ft

carpet area

Cost Not exceeding 4 times

household gross annual

income

Not exceeding 5 times

household gross annual

income

EMIRent Not exceeding 30 of gross

monthly income

Not exceeding 40 of gross

monthly income

AFFORDABLE HOUSING THE CONCEPT AND ISSUES

Difficult to adopt a lsquoone-size-fits-allrsquo concept

Government should undertake a separate exercise to estimate the number of

households falling under the lsquoaffordable housingrsquo category

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 28

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 29

NCR revealed a number of interesting facts during the household survey carriedout in order to ascertain the affordability of the various income groups at citylevel Table 6 depicts in detail the maximum affordable EMI of households invarious income levels This EMI has been estimated from the annual income ofhousehold and its spending and saving behaviour The maximum EMI has beentranslated into affordable house property value based on an assumed interestrate loan tenure and loan to value ratio The table also shows the capital valuesthat the households will have to pay keeping in view the preferred house size andthe affordable house property value An interesting point that was inferred fromthe survey results was that the income groups of Rs3-5 Lakh and Rs5-6 Lakhpreferred similar sized units for their housing needs Both the income categoriesexpressed the area of their residential units in the range of 700-800 sqftHowever while this allows the lower income group to purchase a property withan average price of Rs2300sqft the same enabled the higher income group ofRs5-6 lakh to opt for properties in the range of Rs2900-3650sqft MeanwhileNCR spanning a larger area with vast land parcels available for residentialdevelopment provides varied location options for the residents of the city tofulfill their housing needs The category of households with income of Rs6 lakhand above can afford residential units in select pockets of the newly developedzones in Gurgaon Noida as well as along NH-2 and NH-24 Though these locationssuit the budget preference of households they are located about 30 kms from theCBD area of Delhi ie Connaught Place For example residential locations inGurgaon and Noida are atleast 30 kms from the CBD Residential locations on NH24 Ghaziabad and NH 2 Faridabad are about 35 kms and 27 kms respectivelyfrom the CBD Meanwhile if households especially those in the income categoryof Rs3-5 Lakh are willing to compromise on unit

IDENTIFYING AFFORDABILITY

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 30

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 31

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 32

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 33

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 34

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 35

H

H

H

H

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 36

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 37

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 38

Objectives

bull To facilitate the incorporation of affordable housing in residential and mixed-use developments

bull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing in locations with easy accessto shops transport and government

and community servicesbull To ensure appropriate car parking provision for household requirementsbull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing through management and

ownership considerations

Diversity of affordable

housing

The affordable housingdevelopment provides

bull one two andor three-bedroom dwelling typesandor

bull apartments

Car parking

Car parking provision isappropriate for site location andhousehold requirements and isprovided on the site

Location of affordable

housing

Affordable housing is locatedclose to or has easy access toshops employment transportand government and communityservices

PROVISION AND LOCATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 39

Objectives

Integrating affordable housing

Affordable housing is integrated into new residential and mixed-usedevelopments where it is not a stand-alone development on its own site

Suggested responses

INTEGRATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 40Transforming Shelters-A journey of affordable Luxury

40

Objectives

bull To ensure site planning and related design responses facilitate good housingoutcomes

PrivacyDwellings are designed toacknowledge the differentrequirements for privacy andcontrol in the transition1) from public spaces2) through the privately controlledbut publicly visibleor semi-private shared space tothe dwelling entry and3) onto its private open space

Addressing public space

A dwelling adjacent to a streetor park addresses themfunctionally and visually (Onlarge sites communal openspaces are the equivalent of apublic park)

Privacy within the development

Development does notsignificantly reduce privacy anddaylight to private open spaces

Legibility of accessAccess to and sense of entry to adwelling fronting a street or aninternal path network is clearand unambiguous

SITE PLANNING OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 41

41

External circulationExternal pathways serving anindividual dwelling or multiples ofdwellings within a developmentare designed to suit the needs andvolume of intended occupantsand users

Carparking and streetpresentation

The street frontage of thedevelopment is not dominatedby car parking areas orstructures rubbish binenclosures and utility structures

Planting

Landscaping forms an integralcomponent of the designof the development

Territoriality

bull To aid the control of externalspaces by immediatelyadjacent households theterritorial boundaries of thesespaces are clearly delineated

bull Access by the general publicthrough the site is preventedand if this is unachievable thepath should be treated like apublic realm area

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 42

Objectives

bull To facilitate the provision of comfortable pleasant safe efficient and cost-effective accommodation for the intended occupants of affordable housing

bull To facilitate the incorporation of adaptable housing design principles inaffordable housing

All dwelling types are providedwith an appropriately located andfunctional arearsquos like

External entry areas

Internal entry areas

Livingdining areas

Kitchens

Bathrooms

Hallways

Bedrooms

Storage Area

Clothes Drying

Stairs and lifts( as per

NBC)

Open space

Security Adaptable housing

DESIGN OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 43

Every room intended for human habitation shall abut on aninterior or exterior open space or an open VERANDAH open tosuch interior or exterior open space

SKETCH FOR EXAMPLECONTRARY IMAGE FOUND IN SURVEY

For streets less than 75 m in width the distance of the building (building line) shall beat least 5 m from the centre line of the street

FRONT OPEN SPACES

OPEN SPACES WITHIN A PLOT

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 44

44

Residential and Commercial Zones

In any layout or sub-division of land measuring 03 hectare of

more in residential and commercial zones the community open

spaces shall be reserved for recreational purposes which shall as

far as possible be provided in one place or planned out for the

use of the community in clusters or pockets

The community open spaces shall be provided catering to the

needs of area of layout population for which the layout is

planned and the category of dwelling units The following

minimum provision shall be made

a) 15 percent of the area of the layout or

b) 03 to 04rsquo ha1 000 persons for low income housing the open

spaces shall be 03 ha1 000 persons

No recreational space shall generally be less than 450 sqm

the building line shall beat least 3 m away from the boundary of

recreational open space

Community open spaces and amenities

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 45

Width of Means of Access

The residential plots shall abut

on a public means of access

like street-oad Plots which do

not abut on a streethoad shall

abuthont on a means of access

the width and other

requirements of which shall be

as given in Table 1

In no case development on plots shall be permitted unless it is accessible by a public street of width not less than 6 m

MEANS OF ACCESS

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 46

In the case of special housing schemes for low income group

and economically weaker section of society developed up to two

storied row cluster housing scheme the pedestrian pathway

width shall be 3 m subject to provisions of 94l(a) The

pedestrian pathway shall not serve more than 8 plots on each

side of the pathway the length of the pathway shall be not more

than 50 m

No mention of plot sizehelliplarge plots sub-divided and the norm fails

Distance from Electric LinesNo VERANDAH balcony or the like shall be allowed to beerected or re-erected or any additions or alterations made to abuilding within the distances quoted below in accordance withthe current Indian Electricity Rules as amended from time-to-time between the building and any overhead electric supplyline

MEANS OF ACCESS-Cntd

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 47

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 48

Plot SizeThe minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75 percent shall not be less than 40 sqm in small and medium town and not less than 30 sqm in metropolitan cities Plot sizes below 30 sqm but not less than 15 sqm may be permitted in case of cluster planning however in such cases the ground coverage and FSI shall be 100 percent and 2 percent respectively

NOTES1 In exceptional cases in metropolitan cities with population more than 1 million the size of plots may be brought down to 25 sqm in cases of low income housing colonies located in congested areas as decided by the Authority In mega-cities it may be further reduced to 15 m2 In such cases where plot size is below 25 sqm only cluster planning or group housing may be adopted

2 A minimum of 25 percent of the plot size shall be left open without adversely affecting light and ventilation for habitable spaces and toilet It shall not be made mandatory to leave set back on any side

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 49

Vehicular AccessA right of way of at least 6 m width should be provided up to theentrance to the cluster to facilitate emergency vehicle movement up tocluster

DensityCluster planning methodologies result in higher densities with low risestructures With per dwelling unit covered area of 15 sqm densities of500 dwelling units per hectare (net) shall be permissible Densitieshigher than this should not allowed

Group ToiletCluster housing for economically weaker section families can havegroup toilets at the rate of one water closet one bath and a washingplace for three families

Size of RoomHabitable RoomEvery dwelling unit to be provided should have at least two habitable rooms Even if one room house is provided initially it should be capable of adding a new second room in future However in case single room tenements are required to be provided where future additions are not possible the carpet area of multipurpose single room should be at least 125 m2Such one room dwelling units with 125 m2 carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case of on site rehabilitation of slum dwellers In a house of two rooms first room shall not be less than 90 m2 with minimum width of 25 m and second room shall not be less than 65 m2 with minimum width of 21 m provided the total area of both the rooms is not less than 155 m2 In incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room

SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF CLUSTER PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 51

Life style

Affordability

Social Classification

Life style

SALARY CLASS

BUSINESS CLASS

BOTH WORKING

JOINT FAMILY

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52

Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi

Zone ndashF

a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)

LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53

The component method of design provides a broad frame work for

achieving the described life style objectives

HOUSING COMPONENT

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59

the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60

Desired outcomes Suggested responses

One two and three-bedroom

dwellings

One two and three-bedroom affordable

housing

dwelling types provide rooms of

sufficient dimensions to support the

safe comfortable and convenient use of

and movement around furniture

facilities and fittings needed by

householders

Studio apartments

Studio apartment rooms provide

adequate space for the function of

individual units including

bull sleeping living dining and kitchen

areas and

bull adequate bathroom laundry and

clothes dryingfacilities

Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table

Studio apartments generally conform to a

minimum

gross floor area of 30m2

The room sizes generally conform to the

following table

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61

Afordability Survey and Analysis

Category

Sample

Income group

Current status

Current Facilities Wishlist

Affordable EMI Analysis

Low

Inco

me

Gro

up

case

-1

A small 2BHK unit

of approx

35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs

lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)

4000

Rentedcommon washrooms

separate washroom

1500 PM no privacy Privacy

Mid

dle

Cla

ss

case

-1

10000-35000

Single 2BHK Family 2bhk

A Good 23BHK unit of approx

100 sqyard in range of

18-25 lacs

Rented Good location 7000

11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry

Bigger balcony

More natural light

Bigger Bedrooms

Good storage Space

case

-2

10000-35000

Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms

RentedBigger living area

7000 PM Good height 10000

Minimum shafts

small kitchenlaundry

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62

EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT

AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1

Category - EWS

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR

CASE -2

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35

CASE -3

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE

5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25

35

40

25

30

1060

30

1060

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63

63

AREA -DAYANAND COLONY

CASE -1

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

1010

30

50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65

GENERAL PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68

NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69

SPACE RELATIONSHIP

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71

Approach for investigating

affordable housing

Knowledge about future

house

Knowledge about present

house

Knowledge about Family

Payment Method

Preferred Area

PreferredLocation

Affordability

TypologicalPreferences

SpacePreferences

Location winNeighborhood

AdvantagesDis

Home TypeOwnershipStatus

Location

NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces

Degree ofSatisfaction

Income level

No of Family Members

EducationalLevel

(husbandwife)

Work Sector

No of Cars

Domestic Labor

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

72

AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

10

10

30

50

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

73

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

74

Conclusion

While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are

increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as

televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While

we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an

auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living

in a slum-like dwelling

It is understandable that economic

growth leads to rise in income but this

has led to even faster rise in property

prices leaving it unaffordable for majority

of population Affordable housing is

expected to have a positive by improving

basic quality of life Problems like traffic

congestion air quality commute times

etc can be resolved by providing proper

housing facilities to the weaker sections

of the society While the concept of

affordable housing seems to be a simple

solution to current housing woes its

execution remains complicated due to the

unclear policy framework To make

affordable housing work in India it would

require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by

slightly adjusting their interests towards a

wider social cause

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

75

Land use planning and

development

The project of the poor

Development standards

Land supply

Land value

Land affordability

Subdivision

Land market

Allocation

Demand

Intervention rationale

Neo liberalism

Site and Service

Subdivision

Land policy

Efficiency and equity

Land management

Direct intervention world

bank

Learning by doing

Site and service

subdivision

Poverty alleviation

Suitability and

acceptability

Affordability standards

subdivision

Intervention usually takes three broad categories

bull planning regulations

bull direct government investments and

bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation

Land management improvements

Example Land Readjustment

direct public investment

Example land banking

Example Site-and-Service

OBJECTIVES

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at

1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on

rental or ownership basis

2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter

options especially to the vulnerable groups

and the poor

3 Ensuring that housing along with the

supporting services is treated as a priority and

at par with infrastructure sector

4 Removing barriers related to legal financial

and administrative for facilitating access to

land finance and technology

5 Forging strong partnership between private

public and cooperative sectors to enhance the

capacity of the construction industry to

participate in every sphere of housing and

habitat

6 Using technology for modernizing the

housing sector to increase efficiency

productivity energy efficiency and quality

7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions

and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for

adding to the housing stock

THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including

formulation of effective

foreclosure laws

bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of

resources to the

housing and infrastructure sector

bull Develop a debt market for housing and

infrastructure fully integrated

with the financial markets in the country

bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the

requirement of low cost funds

for the housing needs of the poor

bull Promote research and development and transfer of

technology for

construction of houses

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available

resources to promote development and growth in a

sustained manner

bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing

infrastructure innovative and energy saving

construction materials and methods and also set up

a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the

concessions are correctly targeted and utilized

bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological

standards to protect the environment and provide a

better quality of life in human settlements

bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage

market

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD

1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a

boost to housing and supporting infrastructure

2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in

undertaking housing construction for all segments in

urban and rural areas

3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to

land

4 Facilitate training of construction workers by

converging other development programs through

building centers and other agencies

5 Promote decentralized production and availability of

building material

6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their

responsibilities in regulatory and development

functions

THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare

District Housing Action Plans for rural areas

2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and

augment supply of land for housing particularly

for the vulnerable group

3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural

infrastructure services

4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for

planned development

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE

COMPANIES WOULD

1 Redefine their role and move away from their

traditional approach to housing finance

2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the

needs of people

3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to

those who are in dire need of housing finance

support

4 Mobilize resources from provident funds

insurance funds mutual funds etc For house

building activities

5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize

domestic savings

HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS

DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND

OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role

for facilitating land assembly and development of

infrastructure

2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and

cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient

manner

3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement

THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND

CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD

1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of

houses and development of amenities

2 Forge partnership with state governments and local

authorities for construction of houses

3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out

schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization

basis

RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

ORGANIZATIONS WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw

materials

2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace

them with renewable resources

3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by

various public and private construction agencies

4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and

construction methods

5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the

housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste

based energy

6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new

constructions as well as strengthening of existing

houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and

human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes

cyclones and floods

7 Disseminate (spread) information about new

technologies and provide training to construction

workers in the use of new technologies

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

84

Role of PPP in Affordable Housing

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

85

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

86

JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance

No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million

No of Houses under Progress 0265 million

Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores

(BSUP+IHSDP)

997

achieved

Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of

Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline

Target of 27 cities

27 cities

achieved

Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of

developed land for EWSLIG Timeline

Target of 16 cities

16 cities

achieved

The JNNURM Initiative

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

87

i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP

ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath

iii Vector-free housing layout

iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces

v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and

vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness

Inclusive Planning amp Architecture

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

88

Recommendations

bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100

ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households

ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs

ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment

ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure

ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by

ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and

conversion of agricultural lands for urban use

ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for

making a proper assessment of land

requirements and allocation of such lands for

different uses

ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

89

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

90

Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

91

Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels

Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

92

SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66

References

Inferences

Books

Internet

Case Studies

Library references

bullNational Building Codes

bullGreen Households Domestic consumers

environment and sustainability

bullSustainable design practice

bullModern architecture

bullGaia House Design

bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy

Charles chorea and Raj

Reval

bullIntach library

Net references

bullWikipediacom

bullGooglecoin

bullDDA website

bullWHO living

standards

Case studies

bullResidences in old

Delhi

bullOther

contemporary

houses in

surrounding

houses

References

Page 5: Dessertation ii sem [autosaved]

CONTENTS

SNO

DESCRIPTION PAGES

1 Fore word 6

2 Objective amp scope of study 7

3 Research Methodology 8

4 Introduction

Defining Affordable Housing 10

Comparison between Affordable Housing amp Low Cost Housing

11

GDP Growthamp Housing Demand 13

Demand amp Supply Constraints 14

5 Role of PPP in Affordable Housing

Land Availability amp Cost 16

Construction amp Other Costs 17

Connectivity amp Infrastructure 18

3 Case study 30

Land Availability amp Cost 16

4 Inferences 66

5 Bibliography 69

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 6

FOREWORD

Architecture is always an answer to need Starting from shelter through public buildings till high

rise commercials its has experienced a dynamic paradigm change with pace of life and its

influences

The time of Stone Age(when Caves were the buildings erected by nature and

captured by human) experienced a comfortable feeling of being inside a house and it emerged

like a nuclear reaction multiplying in doubles each moment of seconds Need being mother of

all inventions gave birth to shelters like Terra Amata and gradually developed into ancient

cities This was the time when residences were of most importance as it was the basic need of

life

Later on after demise of golden era neoclassical age started searching for

architecture styles from past but still public buildings were dominating various architects and

they kept them self limited to the roman temples and other communal structure Here came

the role of architect Robert Adam who left the rat race and decided to study and implement

residential architecture techniques used so far Adam devoted his attention to what little was

known about ancient residential design and interior detailing in part because he realized that

his architectural practice would rely on clients who requires homes not temples or churches

based on classical styles

Due to changing needs and reducing resources grand HAVELI are getting

converted into compact villas where as individual residences are smartly converting into multi-

story apartment Its controversial whether architecture is changing living styles or living styles

are changing architecture This study is aiming to answers the same reading amp analyzing the

governing factors and the transformations

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 7

ldquoSpace and light and orderldquoSpace and light and orderThese are the things that men needThese are the things that men need

Just as much as they needJust as much as they needBread or a place to sleepBread or a place to sleeprdquordquo

--Le CorbusierLe Corbusier

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 8

OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE OF STUDY

OBJECTIVES

-Scope of study is to find out the basis for setting parameters of Human Living Standards

-Study will find the habitable size of shelter in combination with AFFORDABILITY with DEMAND

of space To study the basic requirements of shelter eg requirement depending on family size

lifestyle etc

SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS

-Scope of study is to find out the basis for setting parameters of Human Living Standards

-Study will find the habitable size of shelter in combination with AFFORDABILITY with DEMAND

of space To study the basic requirements of shelter eg requirement depending on family size

lifestyle etc

-Study the transformation of shelter ie shrinking of area Study the Transformation of Shelter

with respect to the other four elements of Ekistics( Man Network Nature amp Society)

-Study the Norms amp Regulations for a Sustainable Shelter Impact of Urban Lifestyle on shelter

eg DINK concept of Young working couples ie Double Income No Kid

-After effect of this transformation on the user After diagnostic approach interviews amp survey

will bring up design parameters for designing a HABITABLE SHELTER

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 9

First generating a case for the typology known aslsquo Mixed Land uselsquo in Delhi and analyzing the

various factors and forces responsible for the legitimacy of such a planning typology This would

be achieved by the critically analyzing the relevant literature

Second highlight the dismal history of the Master Plan of Delhi over the years and project how

in requisite the tools and strategies of MPD are for sustaining Mixed Land-use in the city

Through critical analysis of the role of MPD citing an example of one such area in the city and

also through drilling discussions with advisors and experts in the field

These case study areas have been selected on the basis of their location representation of all

the socio-economic groups of people and because these are fully developed and occupied

housing schemes under the Delhi Development Authority (DDA) which is the principal planning

agency to plan and regulate development in the city The field surveys included commercial land

use survey parking survey and interviews of residents shop keepers (doing business in

properties converted from residential uses) and customers selected randomly in these

settlements

Third understand the implications on master and land use plan on the introduction of such a

planning typology This would be achieved by analyzing various successful cities that have

managed to sustain this planning typology over the years Fourth highlight the various tools

and strategies required in the current planning system for mixed land use to be successful in

Delhi Concluded from the case studies of the cities done in the previous chapters

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 10

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 11

INTRODUCTION

Dwelling is one of the basic need of human from ancient time till date Demand and

affordability has defined the boundaries of various classes existing in society The measure

guiding factor is affordability as per day to day demands Living styles status or requirements

demand may be anything but affordability makes the things available There is no limit on

demands but affordability puts a stop mark on that

With the raise in scale of construction residential demands scales up to social demands amp

responsibilities towards societies such as open spaces wide streets low rise and high rise

buildings as per density plan and so on Here comes the bye laws which governs this individual

residential construction of buildings in such a way that once all are erected these results into a

good evenly distributed society

Demand

space to

rest and

sleep

plu

s space to

coo

k

plu

s space to

bath

plu

s space fo

r lavatory

plu

s space to

din

e

plu

s leasure sp

ace

plu

s space fo

r parkin

g

plu

s ou

tdo

or leasu

re space

clas

s

But these byelaws may need amendments as

per changing demand and construction

patterns to satisfy the contemporary culture

This study aims all these factors amp tries to

analyse existing laws supporting them and to

highlight those which needs to be changed

For example need of 200thk slab is reduced

to 150 mm thick and similar others

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 12

The real estate world has changed significantly after the global financial meltdown caused

by defaults on sub-prime loans in US India was no exception and the real estate market

witnessed a contraction in both volume and value Real estate developers were gripped

with the liquidity crisis and were forced to change the ways of doing business Downturn

and liquidity crunch forced developers to adopt a two pronged strategy ndash

smaller units at lesser prices

In this study I have attempted to define

Affordable Housing by using three key

parameters viz

bull income level

bull size of dwelling unit and

bull affordability

While I have assessed the demand and supply

constrains I have also highlighted the

initiatives taken by key stakeholders and their

perspective concerns

INDIA ndashGDP GROWTH

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 13

AFFORDABLE HOUSING ndashDEFINITION

Defining Affordable Housing

ldquoAffordabilityrdquo as a concept is very generic and could have different meanings for different

people based on differences in income levels

Affordable housing refers to any housing that meets some form of affordability

criterion

Defining affordable housing in

India is a difficult task given that

at every square kilo-meter of the

country the dynamics of the

market are different

In the United States and

Canada a commonly acceptedguideline for affordable housing isthat the cost of housing should notbe more than 30 percent of ahouseholds gross income

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 14

AFFORDABLE HOUSING VS LOW COST HOUSING

Low-cost housing is generally meant for EWS category and comprises bare minimum housing

facilities while affordable housing is mostly meant for LIG and MIG and includes basic amenities

like schools hospitals and other community facilities and services

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 15

INDICATIVE SIZE amp POTENTIAL IN INDIA

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 16

DEMAND AND SUPPLY CONSTRAINTS

The demand drivers for affordable housing are as below

Urbanization

Rising income levels leading to a sizeable middle class segment Urbanization is an

ldquoindex of transformation from traditional rural 1 economies to modern industrial one rdquo

Its a product of demographic explosion and poverty induced rural-urban migration

This resulted in pressure on urban infrastructure and in an increase in the number of

homeless people living on the streets

As per the 2001 census the total urban homeless population was 7 78599 people

which would be much more currently given the inadequate availability of 2affordable

low-cost housing

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 17

THE DEMAND MODEL METHODOLOGY

The land market is fundamentally described by household choices of location and lot size The outcomes as in all economics arises from the interaction of demand (of household) and supply (of land parcel) Households are characterized by their income and preferences while land supply is characterized by quantity location and lot characteristics Household preferences can be represented by the price each household is willing to pay for each type

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 18

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 19

DEMAND SUPPLY DYNAMICS

bull Short Supply of residential dwellingsbull Supply shortfall existing since post

independencebull In 2005 estimated demand is 2095

million supply is 1897 Millionbull Demand ndash Supply gap is narrowing

bull Low supply of housing for low

income earners

bull As per 11th 5 year plan

- Shortage of 2471 million

dwellings

- Close to 99 of shortage in

EWS amp LIG segment

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 20

BIRTH AND MIGRATION

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 21

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 22

POPULATION AND HOUSING

PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLDS BY NUMBER OF ROOMS

OCCUPIED 1961 ndash 2001( in million )

No of Rooms

occupied 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001

One Room 531 50 458 396 351

Two Rooms 247 27 278 304 295

Three Rooms 103 114 122 148 171

Four or more

Rooms 111 114 121 147 159

No Exclusive

rooms 09 02 21 004 23

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

One Room Two Rooms Three

Rooms

Four or

more

Rooms

No

Exclusive

rooms

d

istr

ibut

ion

of h

ouse

hold

s

Approximate 50 of the households has two and three bed room dwelling units

Source Census of India 2001

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 23

Populatio

n

Residents

with

Buying

Power

Populatio

n under 20

Per

Capita

Income

GDP

Growth

Rate

Housing

Shortage

Estimate

1065

billion

300

million

58 $539 8 22 million

India Demographics Housing Shortage

Housing shortage at the beginning of 11th Five

Year Plan (142007)

2471 million

dwelling units

Additional Housing Requirement for the 11th

Plan ( 2007-2012)

182 million dwelling

units

Total housing requirement during 11th Plan

Period including the carried over housing shortage

2653 Million

dwelling units

TOTAL HOUSING SHORTAGE

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 24

CATEGORY VISE HOUSING SHORTAGE

Estimated Urban Housing Unit Shortage as on 142007

More than 99 shortage is for EWSLIG segments

Total 2471 m 10000EWS 2178 m 8814LIG 289 m 1169MIG amp HIG 004 m 016

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 25

28

46

618

Source Annual Report 2006-07 MoHUPA

Slum Population as age of total urban population is given in parenthesis

GROWTH OF SLUMS

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 26

The housing requirement for the Rs3-10 Lakh income group is approx206 million units by 2011translating to a market size of Rs3300billion or USD 66 billion

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 27

SUGGESTED PARAMETER FOR HOUSING

EWS LIG MIG

Size 300-600 sq ft carpet area Not exceeding 1200 sq ft

carpet area

Cost Not exceeding 4 times

household gross annual

income

Not exceeding 5 times

household gross annual

income

EMIRent Not exceeding 30 of gross

monthly income

Not exceeding 40 of gross

monthly income

AFFORDABLE HOUSING THE CONCEPT AND ISSUES

Difficult to adopt a lsquoone-size-fits-allrsquo concept

Government should undertake a separate exercise to estimate the number of

households falling under the lsquoaffordable housingrsquo category

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 28

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 29

NCR revealed a number of interesting facts during the household survey carriedout in order to ascertain the affordability of the various income groups at citylevel Table 6 depicts in detail the maximum affordable EMI of households invarious income levels This EMI has been estimated from the annual income ofhousehold and its spending and saving behaviour The maximum EMI has beentranslated into affordable house property value based on an assumed interestrate loan tenure and loan to value ratio The table also shows the capital valuesthat the households will have to pay keeping in view the preferred house size andthe affordable house property value An interesting point that was inferred fromthe survey results was that the income groups of Rs3-5 Lakh and Rs5-6 Lakhpreferred similar sized units for their housing needs Both the income categoriesexpressed the area of their residential units in the range of 700-800 sqftHowever while this allows the lower income group to purchase a property withan average price of Rs2300sqft the same enabled the higher income group ofRs5-6 lakh to opt for properties in the range of Rs2900-3650sqft MeanwhileNCR spanning a larger area with vast land parcels available for residentialdevelopment provides varied location options for the residents of the city tofulfill their housing needs The category of households with income of Rs6 lakhand above can afford residential units in select pockets of the newly developedzones in Gurgaon Noida as well as along NH-2 and NH-24 Though these locationssuit the budget preference of households they are located about 30 kms from theCBD area of Delhi ie Connaught Place For example residential locations inGurgaon and Noida are atleast 30 kms from the CBD Residential locations on NH24 Ghaziabad and NH 2 Faridabad are about 35 kms and 27 kms respectivelyfrom the CBD Meanwhile if households especially those in the income categoryof Rs3-5 Lakh are willing to compromise on unit

IDENTIFYING AFFORDABILITY

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 30

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 31

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 32

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 33

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 34

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 35

H

H

H

H

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 36

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 37

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 38

Objectives

bull To facilitate the incorporation of affordable housing in residential and mixed-use developments

bull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing in locations with easy accessto shops transport and government

and community servicesbull To ensure appropriate car parking provision for household requirementsbull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing through management and

ownership considerations

Diversity of affordable

housing

The affordable housingdevelopment provides

bull one two andor three-bedroom dwelling typesandor

bull apartments

Car parking

Car parking provision isappropriate for site location andhousehold requirements and isprovided on the site

Location of affordable

housing

Affordable housing is locatedclose to or has easy access toshops employment transportand government and communityservices

PROVISION AND LOCATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 39

Objectives

Integrating affordable housing

Affordable housing is integrated into new residential and mixed-usedevelopments where it is not a stand-alone development on its own site

Suggested responses

INTEGRATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 40Transforming Shelters-A journey of affordable Luxury

40

Objectives

bull To ensure site planning and related design responses facilitate good housingoutcomes

PrivacyDwellings are designed toacknowledge the differentrequirements for privacy andcontrol in the transition1) from public spaces2) through the privately controlledbut publicly visibleor semi-private shared space tothe dwelling entry and3) onto its private open space

Addressing public space

A dwelling adjacent to a streetor park addresses themfunctionally and visually (Onlarge sites communal openspaces are the equivalent of apublic park)

Privacy within the development

Development does notsignificantly reduce privacy anddaylight to private open spaces

Legibility of accessAccess to and sense of entry to adwelling fronting a street or aninternal path network is clearand unambiguous

SITE PLANNING OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 41

41

External circulationExternal pathways serving anindividual dwelling or multiples ofdwellings within a developmentare designed to suit the needs andvolume of intended occupantsand users

Carparking and streetpresentation

The street frontage of thedevelopment is not dominatedby car parking areas orstructures rubbish binenclosures and utility structures

Planting

Landscaping forms an integralcomponent of the designof the development

Territoriality

bull To aid the control of externalspaces by immediatelyadjacent households theterritorial boundaries of thesespaces are clearly delineated

bull Access by the general publicthrough the site is preventedand if this is unachievable thepath should be treated like apublic realm area

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 42

Objectives

bull To facilitate the provision of comfortable pleasant safe efficient and cost-effective accommodation for the intended occupants of affordable housing

bull To facilitate the incorporation of adaptable housing design principles inaffordable housing

All dwelling types are providedwith an appropriately located andfunctional arearsquos like

External entry areas

Internal entry areas

Livingdining areas

Kitchens

Bathrooms

Hallways

Bedrooms

Storage Area

Clothes Drying

Stairs and lifts( as per

NBC)

Open space

Security Adaptable housing

DESIGN OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 43

Every room intended for human habitation shall abut on aninterior or exterior open space or an open VERANDAH open tosuch interior or exterior open space

SKETCH FOR EXAMPLECONTRARY IMAGE FOUND IN SURVEY

For streets less than 75 m in width the distance of the building (building line) shall beat least 5 m from the centre line of the street

FRONT OPEN SPACES

OPEN SPACES WITHIN A PLOT

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 44

44

Residential and Commercial Zones

In any layout or sub-division of land measuring 03 hectare of

more in residential and commercial zones the community open

spaces shall be reserved for recreational purposes which shall as

far as possible be provided in one place or planned out for the

use of the community in clusters or pockets

The community open spaces shall be provided catering to the

needs of area of layout population for which the layout is

planned and the category of dwelling units The following

minimum provision shall be made

a) 15 percent of the area of the layout or

b) 03 to 04rsquo ha1 000 persons for low income housing the open

spaces shall be 03 ha1 000 persons

No recreational space shall generally be less than 450 sqm

the building line shall beat least 3 m away from the boundary of

recreational open space

Community open spaces and amenities

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 45

Width of Means of Access

The residential plots shall abut

on a public means of access

like street-oad Plots which do

not abut on a streethoad shall

abuthont on a means of access

the width and other

requirements of which shall be

as given in Table 1

In no case development on plots shall be permitted unless it is accessible by a public street of width not less than 6 m

MEANS OF ACCESS

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 46

In the case of special housing schemes for low income group

and economically weaker section of society developed up to two

storied row cluster housing scheme the pedestrian pathway

width shall be 3 m subject to provisions of 94l(a) The

pedestrian pathway shall not serve more than 8 plots on each

side of the pathway the length of the pathway shall be not more

than 50 m

No mention of plot sizehelliplarge plots sub-divided and the norm fails

Distance from Electric LinesNo VERANDAH balcony or the like shall be allowed to beerected or re-erected or any additions or alterations made to abuilding within the distances quoted below in accordance withthe current Indian Electricity Rules as amended from time-to-time between the building and any overhead electric supplyline

MEANS OF ACCESS-Cntd

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 47

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 48

Plot SizeThe minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75 percent shall not be less than 40 sqm in small and medium town and not less than 30 sqm in metropolitan cities Plot sizes below 30 sqm but not less than 15 sqm may be permitted in case of cluster planning however in such cases the ground coverage and FSI shall be 100 percent and 2 percent respectively

NOTES1 In exceptional cases in metropolitan cities with population more than 1 million the size of plots may be brought down to 25 sqm in cases of low income housing colonies located in congested areas as decided by the Authority In mega-cities it may be further reduced to 15 m2 In such cases where plot size is below 25 sqm only cluster planning or group housing may be adopted

2 A minimum of 25 percent of the plot size shall be left open without adversely affecting light and ventilation for habitable spaces and toilet It shall not be made mandatory to leave set back on any side

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 49

Vehicular AccessA right of way of at least 6 m width should be provided up to theentrance to the cluster to facilitate emergency vehicle movement up tocluster

DensityCluster planning methodologies result in higher densities with low risestructures With per dwelling unit covered area of 15 sqm densities of500 dwelling units per hectare (net) shall be permissible Densitieshigher than this should not allowed

Group ToiletCluster housing for economically weaker section families can havegroup toilets at the rate of one water closet one bath and a washingplace for three families

Size of RoomHabitable RoomEvery dwelling unit to be provided should have at least two habitable rooms Even if one room house is provided initially it should be capable of adding a new second room in future However in case single room tenements are required to be provided where future additions are not possible the carpet area of multipurpose single room should be at least 125 m2Such one room dwelling units with 125 m2 carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case of on site rehabilitation of slum dwellers In a house of two rooms first room shall not be less than 90 m2 with minimum width of 25 m and second room shall not be less than 65 m2 with minimum width of 21 m provided the total area of both the rooms is not less than 155 m2 In incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room

SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF CLUSTER PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 51

Life style

Affordability

Social Classification

Life style

SALARY CLASS

BUSINESS CLASS

BOTH WORKING

JOINT FAMILY

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52

Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi

Zone ndashF

a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)

LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53

The component method of design provides a broad frame work for

achieving the described life style objectives

HOUSING COMPONENT

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59

the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60

Desired outcomes Suggested responses

One two and three-bedroom

dwellings

One two and three-bedroom affordable

housing

dwelling types provide rooms of

sufficient dimensions to support the

safe comfortable and convenient use of

and movement around furniture

facilities and fittings needed by

householders

Studio apartments

Studio apartment rooms provide

adequate space for the function of

individual units including

bull sleeping living dining and kitchen

areas and

bull adequate bathroom laundry and

clothes dryingfacilities

Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table

Studio apartments generally conform to a

minimum

gross floor area of 30m2

The room sizes generally conform to the

following table

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61

Afordability Survey and Analysis

Category

Sample

Income group

Current status

Current Facilities Wishlist

Affordable EMI Analysis

Low

Inco

me

Gro

up

case

-1

A small 2BHK unit

of approx

35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs

lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)

4000

Rentedcommon washrooms

separate washroom

1500 PM no privacy Privacy

Mid

dle

Cla

ss

case

-1

10000-35000

Single 2BHK Family 2bhk

A Good 23BHK unit of approx

100 sqyard in range of

18-25 lacs

Rented Good location 7000

11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry

Bigger balcony

More natural light

Bigger Bedrooms

Good storage Space

case

-2

10000-35000

Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms

RentedBigger living area

7000 PM Good height 10000

Minimum shafts

small kitchenlaundry

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62

EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT

AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1

Category - EWS

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR

CASE -2

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35

CASE -3

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE

5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25

35

40

25

30

1060

30

1060

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63

63

AREA -DAYANAND COLONY

CASE -1

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

1010

30

50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65

GENERAL PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68

NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69

SPACE RELATIONSHIP

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71

Approach for investigating

affordable housing

Knowledge about future

house

Knowledge about present

house

Knowledge about Family

Payment Method

Preferred Area

PreferredLocation

Affordability

TypologicalPreferences

SpacePreferences

Location winNeighborhood

AdvantagesDis

Home TypeOwnershipStatus

Location

NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces

Degree ofSatisfaction

Income level

No of Family Members

EducationalLevel

(husbandwife)

Work Sector

No of Cars

Domestic Labor

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

72

AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

10

10

30

50

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

73

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

74

Conclusion

While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are

increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as

televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While

we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an

auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living

in a slum-like dwelling

It is understandable that economic

growth leads to rise in income but this

has led to even faster rise in property

prices leaving it unaffordable for majority

of population Affordable housing is

expected to have a positive by improving

basic quality of life Problems like traffic

congestion air quality commute times

etc can be resolved by providing proper

housing facilities to the weaker sections

of the society While the concept of

affordable housing seems to be a simple

solution to current housing woes its

execution remains complicated due to the

unclear policy framework To make

affordable housing work in India it would

require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by

slightly adjusting their interests towards a

wider social cause

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

75

Land use planning and

development

The project of the poor

Development standards

Land supply

Land value

Land affordability

Subdivision

Land market

Allocation

Demand

Intervention rationale

Neo liberalism

Site and Service

Subdivision

Land policy

Efficiency and equity

Land management

Direct intervention world

bank

Learning by doing

Site and service

subdivision

Poverty alleviation

Suitability and

acceptability

Affordability standards

subdivision

Intervention usually takes three broad categories

bull planning regulations

bull direct government investments and

bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation

Land management improvements

Example Land Readjustment

direct public investment

Example land banking

Example Site-and-Service

OBJECTIVES

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at

1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on

rental or ownership basis

2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter

options especially to the vulnerable groups

and the poor

3 Ensuring that housing along with the

supporting services is treated as a priority and

at par with infrastructure sector

4 Removing barriers related to legal financial

and administrative for facilitating access to

land finance and technology

5 Forging strong partnership between private

public and cooperative sectors to enhance the

capacity of the construction industry to

participate in every sphere of housing and

habitat

6 Using technology for modernizing the

housing sector to increase efficiency

productivity energy efficiency and quality

7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions

and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for

adding to the housing stock

THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including

formulation of effective

foreclosure laws

bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of

resources to the

housing and infrastructure sector

bull Develop a debt market for housing and

infrastructure fully integrated

with the financial markets in the country

bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the

requirement of low cost funds

for the housing needs of the poor

bull Promote research and development and transfer of

technology for

construction of houses

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available

resources to promote development and growth in a

sustained manner

bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing

infrastructure innovative and energy saving

construction materials and methods and also set up

a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the

concessions are correctly targeted and utilized

bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological

standards to protect the environment and provide a

better quality of life in human settlements

bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage

market

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD

1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a

boost to housing and supporting infrastructure

2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in

undertaking housing construction for all segments in

urban and rural areas

3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to

land

4 Facilitate training of construction workers by

converging other development programs through

building centers and other agencies

5 Promote decentralized production and availability of

building material

6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their

responsibilities in regulatory and development

functions

THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare

District Housing Action Plans for rural areas

2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and

augment supply of land for housing particularly

for the vulnerable group

3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural

infrastructure services

4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for

planned development

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE

COMPANIES WOULD

1 Redefine their role and move away from their

traditional approach to housing finance

2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the

needs of people

3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to

those who are in dire need of housing finance

support

4 Mobilize resources from provident funds

insurance funds mutual funds etc For house

building activities

5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize

domestic savings

HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS

DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND

OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role

for facilitating land assembly and development of

infrastructure

2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and

cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient

manner

3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement

THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND

CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD

1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of

houses and development of amenities

2 Forge partnership with state governments and local

authorities for construction of houses

3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out

schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization

basis

RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

ORGANIZATIONS WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw

materials

2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace

them with renewable resources

3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by

various public and private construction agencies

4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and

construction methods

5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the

housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste

based energy

6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new

constructions as well as strengthening of existing

houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and

human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes

cyclones and floods

7 Disseminate (spread) information about new

technologies and provide training to construction

workers in the use of new technologies

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

84

Role of PPP in Affordable Housing

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

85

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

86

JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance

No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million

No of Houses under Progress 0265 million

Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores

(BSUP+IHSDP)

997

achieved

Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of

Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline

Target of 27 cities

27 cities

achieved

Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of

developed land for EWSLIG Timeline

Target of 16 cities

16 cities

achieved

The JNNURM Initiative

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

87

i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP

ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath

iii Vector-free housing layout

iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces

v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and

vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness

Inclusive Planning amp Architecture

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

88

Recommendations

bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100

ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households

ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs

ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment

ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure

ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by

ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and

conversion of agricultural lands for urban use

ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for

making a proper assessment of land

requirements and allocation of such lands for

different uses

ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

89

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

90

Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

91

Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels

Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

92

SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66

References

Inferences

Books

Internet

Case Studies

Library references

bullNational Building Codes

bullGreen Households Domestic consumers

environment and sustainability

bullSustainable design practice

bullModern architecture

bullGaia House Design

bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy

Charles chorea and Raj

Reval

bullIntach library

Net references

bullWikipediacom

bullGooglecoin

bullDDA website

bullWHO living

standards

Case studies

bullResidences in old

Delhi

bullOther

contemporary

houses in

surrounding

houses

References

Page 6: Dessertation ii sem [autosaved]

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 6

FOREWORD

Architecture is always an answer to need Starting from shelter through public buildings till high

rise commercials its has experienced a dynamic paradigm change with pace of life and its

influences

The time of Stone Age(when Caves were the buildings erected by nature and

captured by human) experienced a comfortable feeling of being inside a house and it emerged

like a nuclear reaction multiplying in doubles each moment of seconds Need being mother of

all inventions gave birth to shelters like Terra Amata and gradually developed into ancient

cities This was the time when residences were of most importance as it was the basic need of

life

Later on after demise of golden era neoclassical age started searching for

architecture styles from past but still public buildings were dominating various architects and

they kept them self limited to the roman temples and other communal structure Here came

the role of architect Robert Adam who left the rat race and decided to study and implement

residential architecture techniques used so far Adam devoted his attention to what little was

known about ancient residential design and interior detailing in part because he realized that

his architectural practice would rely on clients who requires homes not temples or churches

based on classical styles

Due to changing needs and reducing resources grand HAVELI are getting

converted into compact villas where as individual residences are smartly converting into multi-

story apartment Its controversial whether architecture is changing living styles or living styles

are changing architecture This study is aiming to answers the same reading amp analyzing the

governing factors and the transformations

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 7

ldquoSpace and light and orderldquoSpace and light and orderThese are the things that men needThese are the things that men need

Just as much as they needJust as much as they needBread or a place to sleepBread or a place to sleeprdquordquo

--Le CorbusierLe Corbusier

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 8

OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE OF STUDY

OBJECTIVES

-Scope of study is to find out the basis for setting parameters of Human Living Standards

-Study will find the habitable size of shelter in combination with AFFORDABILITY with DEMAND

of space To study the basic requirements of shelter eg requirement depending on family size

lifestyle etc

SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS

-Scope of study is to find out the basis for setting parameters of Human Living Standards

-Study will find the habitable size of shelter in combination with AFFORDABILITY with DEMAND

of space To study the basic requirements of shelter eg requirement depending on family size

lifestyle etc

-Study the transformation of shelter ie shrinking of area Study the Transformation of Shelter

with respect to the other four elements of Ekistics( Man Network Nature amp Society)

-Study the Norms amp Regulations for a Sustainable Shelter Impact of Urban Lifestyle on shelter

eg DINK concept of Young working couples ie Double Income No Kid

-After effect of this transformation on the user After diagnostic approach interviews amp survey

will bring up design parameters for designing a HABITABLE SHELTER

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 9

First generating a case for the typology known aslsquo Mixed Land uselsquo in Delhi and analyzing the

various factors and forces responsible for the legitimacy of such a planning typology This would

be achieved by the critically analyzing the relevant literature

Second highlight the dismal history of the Master Plan of Delhi over the years and project how

in requisite the tools and strategies of MPD are for sustaining Mixed Land-use in the city

Through critical analysis of the role of MPD citing an example of one such area in the city and

also through drilling discussions with advisors and experts in the field

These case study areas have been selected on the basis of their location representation of all

the socio-economic groups of people and because these are fully developed and occupied

housing schemes under the Delhi Development Authority (DDA) which is the principal planning

agency to plan and regulate development in the city The field surveys included commercial land

use survey parking survey and interviews of residents shop keepers (doing business in

properties converted from residential uses) and customers selected randomly in these

settlements

Third understand the implications on master and land use plan on the introduction of such a

planning typology This would be achieved by analyzing various successful cities that have

managed to sustain this planning typology over the years Fourth highlight the various tools

and strategies required in the current planning system for mixed land use to be successful in

Delhi Concluded from the case studies of the cities done in the previous chapters

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 10

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 11

INTRODUCTION

Dwelling is one of the basic need of human from ancient time till date Demand and

affordability has defined the boundaries of various classes existing in society The measure

guiding factor is affordability as per day to day demands Living styles status or requirements

demand may be anything but affordability makes the things available There is no limit on

demands but affordability puts a stop mark on that

With the raise in scale of construction residential demands scales up to social demands amp

responsibilities towards societies such as open spaces wide streets low rise and high rise

buildings as per density plan and so on Here comes the bye laws which governs this individual

residential construction of buildings in such a way that once all are erected these results into a

good evenly distributed society

Demand

space to

rest and

sleep

plu

s space to

coo

k

plu

s space to

bath

plu

s space fo

r lavatory

plu

s space to

din

e

plu

s leasure sp

ace

plu

s space fo

r parkin

g

plu

s ou

tdo

or leasu

re space

clas

s

But these byelaws may need amendments as

per changing demand and construction

patterns to satisfy the contemporary culture

This study aims all these factors amp tries to

analyse existing laws supporting them and to

highlight those which needs to be changed

For example need of 200thk slab is reduced

to 150 mm thick and similar others

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 12

The real estate world has changed significantly after the global financial meltdown caused

by defaults on sub-prime loans in US India was no exception and the real estate market

witnessed a contraction in both volume and value Real estate developers were gripped

with the liquidity crisis and were forced to change the ways of doing business Downturn

and liquidity crunch forced developers to adopt a two pronged strategy ndash

smaller units at lesser prices

In this study I have attempted to define

Affordable Housing by using three key

parameters viz

bull income level

bull size of dwelling unit and

bull affordability

While I have assessed the demand and supply

constrains I have also highlighted the

initiatives taken by key stakeholders and their

perspective concerns

INDIA ndashGDP GROWTH

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 13

AFFORDABLE HOUSING ndashDEFINITION

Defining Affordable Housing

ldquoAffordabilityrdquo as a concept is very generic and could have different meanings for different

people based on differences in income levels

Affordable housing refers to any housing that meets some form of affordability

criterion

Defining affordable housing in

India is a difficult task given that

at every square kilo-meter of the

country the dynamics of the

market are different

In the United States and

Canada a commonly acceptedguideline for affordable housing isthat the cost of housing should notbe more than 30 percent of ahouseholds gross income

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 14

AFFORDABLE HOUSING VS LOW COST HOUSING

Low-cost housing is generally meant for EWS category and comprises bare minimum housing

facilities while affordable housing is mostly meant for LIG and MIG and includes basic amenities

like schools hospitals and other community facilities and services

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 15

INDICATIVE SIZE amp POTENTIAL IN INDIA

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 16

DEMAND AND SUPPLY CONSTRAINTS

The demand drivers for affordable housing are as below

Urbanization

Rising income levels leading to a sizeable middle class segment Urbanization is an

ldquoindex of transformation from traditional rural 1 economies to modern industrial one rdquo

Its a product of demographic explosion and poverty induced rural-urban migration

This resulted in pressure on urban infrastructure and in an increase in the number of

homeless people living on the streets

As per the 2001 census the total urban homeless population was 7 78599 people

which would be much more currently given the inadequate availability of 2affordable

low-cost housing

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 17

THE DEMAND MODEL METHODOLOGY

The land market is fundamentally described by household choices of location and lot size The outcomes as in all economics arises from the interaction of demand (of household) and supply (of land parcel) Households are characterized by their income and preferences while land supply is characterized by quantity location and lot characteristics Household preferences can be represented by the price each household is willing to pay for each type

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 18

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 19

DEMAND SUPPLY DYNAMICS

bull Short Supply of residential dwellingsbull Supply shortfall existing since post

independencebull In 2005 estimated demand is 2095

million supply is 1897 Millionbull Demand ndash Supply gap is narrowing

bull Low supply of housing for low

income earners

bull As per 11th 5 year plan

- Shortage of 2471 million

dwellings

- Close to 99 of shortage in

EWS amp LIG segment

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 20

BIRTH AND MIGRATION

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 21

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 22

POPULATION AND HOUSING

PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLDS BY NUMBER OF ROOMS

OCCUPIED 1961 ndash 2001( in million )

No of Rooms

occupied 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001

One Room 531 50 458 396 351

Two Rooms 247 27 278 304 295

Three Rooms 103 114 122 148 171

Four or more

Rooms 111 114 121 147 159

No Exclusive

rooms 09 02 21 004 23

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

One Room Two Rooms Three

Rooms

Four or

more

Rooms

No

Exclusive

rooms

d

istr

ibut

ion

of h

ouse

hold

s

Approximate 50 of the households has two and three bed room dwelling units

Source Census of India 2001

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 23

Populatio

n

Residents

with

Buying

Power

Populatio

n under 20

Per

Capita

Income

GDP

Growth

Rate

Housing

Shortage

Estimate

1065

billion

300

million

58 $539 8 22 million

India Demographics Housing Shortage

Housing shortage at the beginning of 11th Five

Year Plan (142007)

2471 million

dwelling units

Additional Housing Requirement for the 11th

Plan ( 2007-2012)

182 million dwelling

units

Total housing requirement during 11th Plan

Period including the carried over housing shortage

2653 Million

dwelling units

TOTAL HOUSING SHORTAGE

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 24

CATEGORY VISE HOUSING SHORTAGE

Estimated Urban Housing Unit Shortage as on 142007

More than 99 shortage is for EWSLIG segments

Total 2471 m 10000EWS 2178 m 8814LIG 289 m 1169MIG amp HIG 004 m 016

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 25

28

46

618

Source Annual Report 2006-07 MoHUPA

Slum Population as age of total urban population is given in parenthesis

GROWTH OF SLUMS

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 26

The housing requirement for the Rs3-10 Lakh income group is approx206 million units by 2011translating to a market size of Rs3300billion or USD 66 billion

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 27

SUGGESTED PARAMETER FOR HOUSING

EWS LIG MIG

Size 300-600 sq ft carpet area Not exceeding 1200 sq ft

carpet area

Cost Not exceeding 4 times

household gross annual

income

Not exceeding 5 times

household gross annual

income

EMIRent Not exceeding 30 of gross

monthly income

Not exceeding 40 of gross

monthly income

AFFORDABLE HOUSING THE CONCEPT AND ISSUES

Difficult to adopt a lsquoone-size-fits-allrsquo concept

Government should undertake a separate exercise to estimate the number of

households falling under the lsquoaffordable housingrsquo category

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 28

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 29

NCR revealed a number of interesting facts during the household survey carriedout in order to ascertain the affordability of the various income groups at citylevel Table 6 depicts in detail the maximum affordable EMI of households invarious income levels This EMI has been estimated from the annual income ofhousehold and its spending and saving behaviour The maximum EMI has beentranslated into affordable house property value based on an assumed interestrate loan tenure and loan to value ratio The table also shows the capital valuesthat the households will have to pay keeping in view the preferred house size andthe affordable house property value An interesting point that was inferred fromthe survey results was that the income groups of Rs3-5 Lakh and Rs5-6 Lakhpreferred similar sized units for their housing needs Both the income categoriesexpressed the area of their residential units in the range of 700-800 sqftHowever while this allows the lower income group to purchase a property withan average price of Rs2300sqft the same enabled the higher income group ofRs5-6 lakh to opt for properties in the range of Rs2900-3650sqft MeanwhileNCR spanning a larger area with vast land parcels available for residentialdevelopment provides varied location options for the residents of the city tofulfill their housing needs The category of households with income of Rs6 lakhand above can afford residential units in select pockets of the newly developedzones in Gurgaon Noida as well as along NH-2 and NH-24 Though these locationssuit the budget preference of households they are located about 30 kms from theCBD area of Delhi ie Connaught Place For example residential locations inGurgaon and Noida are atleast 30 kms from the CBD Residential locations on NH24 Ghaziabad and NH 2 Faridabad are about 35 kms and 27 kms respectivelyfrom the CBD Meanwhile if households especially those in the income categoryof Rs3-5 Lakh are willing to compromise on unit

IDENTIFYING AFFORDABILITY

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 30

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 31

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 32

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 33

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 34

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 35

H

H

H

H

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 36

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 37

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 38

Objectives

bull To facilitate the incorporation of affordable housing in residential and mixed-use developments

bull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing in locations with easy accessto shops transport and government

and community servicesbull To ensure appropriate car parking provision for household requirementsbull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing through management and

ownership considerations

Diversity of affordable

housing

The affordable housingdevelopment provides

bull one two andor three-bedroom dwelling typesandor

bull apartments

Car parking

Car parking provision isappropriate for site location andhousehold requirements and isprovided on the site

Location of affordable

housing

Affordable housing is locatedclose to or has easy access toshops employment transportand government and communityservices

PROVISION AND LOCATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 39

Objectives

Integrating affordable housing

Affordable housing is integrated into new residential and mixed-usedevelopments where it is not a stand-alone development on its own site

Suggested responses

INTEGRATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 40Transforming Shelters-A journey of affordable Luxury

40

Objectives

bull To ensure site planning and related design responses facilitate good housingoutcomes

PrivacyDwellings are designed toacknowledge the differentrequirements for privacy andcontrol in the transition1) from public spaces2) through the privately controlledbut publicly visibleor semi-private shared space tothe dwelling entry and3) onto its private open space

Addressing public space

A dwelling adjacent to a streetor park addresses themfunctionally and visually (Onlarge sites communal openspaces are the equivalent of apublic park)

Privacy within the development

Development does notsignificantly reduce privacy anddaylight to private open spaces

Legibility of accessAccess to and sense of entry to adwelling fronting a street or aninternal path network is clearand unambiguous

SITE PLANNING OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 41

41

External circulationExternal pathways serving anindividual dwelling or multiples ofdwellings within a developmentare designed to suit the needs andvolume of intended occupantsand users

Carparking and streetpresentation

The street frontage of thedevelopment is not dominatedby car parking areas orstructures rubbish binenclosures and utility structures

Planting

Landscaping forms an integralcomponent of the designof the development

Territoriality

bull To aid the control of externalspaces by immediatelyadjacent households theterritorial boundaries of thesespaces are clearly delineated

bull Access by the general publicthrough the site is preventedand if this is unachievable thepath should be treated like apublic realm area

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 42

Objectives

bull To facilitate the provision of comfortable pleasant safe efficient and cost-effective accommodation for the intended occupants of affordable housing

bull To facilitate the incorporation of adaptable housing design principles inaffordable housing

All dwelling types are providedwith an appropriately located andfunctional arearsquos like

External entry areas

Internal entry areas

Livingdining areas

Kitchens

Bathrooms

Hallways

Bedrooms

Storage Area

Clothes Drying

Stairs and lifts( as per

NBC)

Open space

Security Adaptable housing

DESIGN OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 43

Every room intended for human habitation shall abut on aninterior or exterior open space or an open VERANDAH open tosuch interior or exterior open space

SKETCH FOR EXAMPLECONTRARY IMAGE FOUND IN SURVEY

For streets less than 75 m in width the distance of the building (building line) shall beat least 5 m from the centre line of the street

FRONT OPEN SPACES

OPEN SPACES WITHIN A PLOT

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 44

44

Residential and Commercial Zones

In any layout or sub-division of land measuring 03 hectare of

more in residential and commercial zones the community open

spaces shall be reserved for recreational purposes which shall as

far as possible be provided in one place or planned out for the

use of the community in clusters or pockets

The community open spaces shall be provided catering to the

needs of area of layout population for which the layout is

planned and the category of dwelling units The following

minimum provision shall be made

a) 15 percent of the area of the layout or

b) 03 to 04rsquo ha1 000 persons for low income housing the open

spaces shall be 03 ha1 000 persons

No recreational space shall generally be less than 450 sqm

the building line shall beat least 3 m away from the boundary of

recreational open space

Community open spaces and amenities

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 45

Width of Means of Access

The residential plots shall abut

on a public means of access

like street-oad Plots which do

not abut on a streethoad shall

abuthont on a means of access

the width and other

requirements of which shall be

as given in Table 1

In no case development on plots shall be permitted unless it is accessible by a public street of width not less than 6 m

MEANS OF ACCESS

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 46

In the case of special housing schemes for low income group

and economically weaker section of society developed up to two

storied row cluster housing scheme the pedestrian pathway

width shall be 3 m subject to provisions of 94l(a) The

pedestrian pathway shall not serve more than 8 plots on each

side of the pathway the length of the pathway shall be not more

than 50 m

No mention of plot sizehelliplarge plots sub-divided and the norm fails

Distance from Electric LinesNo VERANDAH balcony or the like shall be allowed to beerected or re-erected or any additions or alterations made to abuilding within the distances quoted below in accordance withthe current Indian Electricity Rules as amended from time-to-time between the building and any overhead electric supplyline

MEANS OF ACCESS-Cntd

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 47

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 48

Plot SizeThe minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75 percent shall not be less than 40 sqm in small and medium town and not less than 30 sqm in metropolitan cities Plot sizes below 30 sqm but not less than 15 sqm may be permitted in case of cluster planning however in such cases the ground coverage and FSI shall be 100 percent and 2 percent respectively

NOTES1 In exceptional cases in metropolitan cities with population more than 1 million the size of plots may be brought down to 25 sqm in cases of low income housing colonies located in congested areas as decided by the Authority In mega-cities it may be further reduced to 15 m2 In such cases where plot size is below 25 sqm only cluster planning or group housing may be adopted

2 A minimum of 25 percent of the plot size shall be left open without adversely affecting light and ventilation for habitable spaces and toilet It shall not be made mandatory to leave set back on any side

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 49

Vehicular AccessA right of way of at least 6 m width should be provided up to theentrance to the cluster to facilitate emergency vehicle movement up tocluster

DensityCluster planning methodologies result in higher densities with low risestructures With per dwelling unit covered area of 15 sqm densities of500 dwelling units per hectare (net) shall be permissible Densitieshigher than this should not allowed

Group ToiletCluster housing for economically weaker section families can havegroup toilets at the rate of one water closet one bath and a washingplace for three families

Size of RoomHabitable RoomEvery dwelling unit to be provided should have at least two habitable rooms Even if one room house is provided initially it should be capable of adding a new second room in future However in case single room tenements are required to be provided where future additions are not possible the carpet area of multipurpose single room should be at least 125 m2Such one room dwelling units with 125 m2 carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case of on site rehabilitation of slum dwellers In a house of two rooms first room shall not be less than 90 m2 with minimum width of 25 m and second room shall not be less than 65 m2 with minimum width of 21 m provided the total area of both the rooms is not less than 155 m2 In incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room

SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF CLUSTER PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 51

Life style

Affordability

Social Classification

Life style

SALARY CLASS

BUSINESS CLASS

BOTH WORKING

JOINT FAMILY

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52

Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi

Zone ndashF

a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)

LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53

The component method of design provides a broad frame work for

achieving the described life style objectives

HOUSING COMPONENT

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59

the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60

Desired outcomes Suggested responses

One two and three-bedroom

dwellings

One two and three-bedroom affordable

housing

dwelling types provide rooms of

sufficient dimensions to support the

safe comfortable and convenient use of

and movement around furniture

facilities and fittings needed by

householders

Studio apartments

Studio apartment rooms provide

adequate space for the function of

individual units including

bull sleeping living dining and kitchen

areas and

bull adequate bathroom laundry and

clothes dryingfacilities

Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table

Studio apartments generally conform to a

minimum

gross floor area of 30m2

The room sizes generally conform to the

following table

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61

Afordability Survey and Analysis

Category

Sample

Income group

Current status

Current Facilities Wishlist

Affordable EMI Analysis

Low

Inco

me

Gro

up

case

-1

A small 2BHK unit

of approx

35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs

lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)

4000

Rentedcommon washrooms

separate washroom

1500 PM no privacy Privacy

Mid

dle

Cla

ss

case

-1

10000-35000

Single 2BHK Family 2bhk

A Good 23BHK unit of approx

100 sqyard in range of

18-25 lacs

Rented Good location 7000

11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry

Bigger balcony

More natural light

Bigger Bedrooms

Good storage Space

case

-2

10000-35000

Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms

RentedBigger living area

7000 PM Good height 10000

Minimum shafts

small kitchenlaundry

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62

EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT

AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1

Category - EWS

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR

CASE -2

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35

CASE -3

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE

5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25

35

40

25

30

1060

30

1060

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63

63

AREA -DAYANAND COLONY

CASE -1

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

1010

30

50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65

GENERAL PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68

NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69

SPACE RELATIONSHIP

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71

Approach for investigating

affordable housing

Knowledge about future

house

Knowledge about present

house

Knowledge about Family

Payment Method

Preferred Area

PreferredLocation

Affordability

TypologicalPreferences

SpacePreferences

Location winNeighborhood

AdvantagesDis

Home TypeOwnershipStatus

Location

NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces

Degree ofSatisfaction

Income level

No of Family Members

EducationalLevel

(husbandwife)

Work Sector

No of Cars

Domestic Labor

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

72

AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

10

10

30

50

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

73

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

74

Conclusion

While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are

increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as

televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While

we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an

auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living

in a slum-like dwelling

It is understandable that economic

growth leads to rise in income but this

has led to even faster rise in property

prices leaving it unaffordable for majority

of population Affordable housing is

expected to have a positive by improving

basic quality of life Problems like traffic

congestion air quality commute times

etc can be resolved by providing proper

housing facilities to the weaker sections

of the society While the concept of

affordable housing seems to be a simple

solution to current housing woes its

execution remains complicated due to the

unclear policy framework To make

affordable housing work in India it would

require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by

slightly adjusting their interests towards a

wider social cause

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

75

Land use planning and

development

The project of the poor

Development standards

Land supply

Land value

Land affordability

Subdivision

Land market

Allocation

Demand

Intervention rationale

Neo liberalism

Site and Service

Subdivision

Land policy

Efficiency and equity

Land management

Direct intervention world

bank

Learning by doing

Site and service

subdivision

Poverty alleviation

Suitability and

acceptability

Affordability standards

subdivision

Intervention usually takes three broad categories

bull planning regulations

bull direct government investments and

bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation

Land management improvements

Example Land Readjustment

direct public investment

Example land banking

Example Site-and-Service

OBJECTIVES

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at

1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on

rental or ownership basis

2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter

options especially to the vulnerable groups

and the poor

3 Ensuring that housing along with the

supporting services is treated as a priority and

at par with infrastructure sector

4 Removing barriers related to legal financial

and administrative for facilitating access to

land finance and technology

5 Forging strong partnership between private

public and cooperative sectors to enhance the

capacity of the construction industry to

participate in every sphere of housing and

habitat

6 Using technology for modernizing the

housing sector to increase efficiency

productivity energy efficiency and quality

7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions

and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for

adding to the housing stock

THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including

formulation of effective

foreclosure laws

bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of

resources to the

housing and infrastructure sector

bull Develop a debt market for housing and

infrastructure fully integrated

with the financial markets in the country

bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the

requirement of low cost funds

for the housing needs of the poor

bull Promote research and development and transfer of

technology for

construction of houses

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available

resources to promote development and growth in a

sustained manner

bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing

infrastructure innovative and energy saving

construction materials and methods and also set up

a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the

concessions are correctly targeted and utilized

bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological

standards to protect the environment and provide a

better quality of life in human settlements

bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage

market

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD

1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a

boost to housing and supporting infrastructure

2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in

undertaking housing construction for all segments in

urban and rural areas

3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to

land

4 Facilitate training of construction workers by

converging other development programs through

building centers and other agencies

5 Promote decentralized production and availability of

building material

6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their

responsibilities in regulatory and development

functions

THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare

District Housing Action Plans for rural areas

2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and

augment supply of land for housing particularly

for the vulnerable group

3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural

infrastructure services

4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for

planned development

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE

COMPANIES WOULD

1 Redefine their role and move away from their

traditional approach to housing finance

2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the

needs of people

3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to

those who are in dire need of housing finance

support

4 Mobilize resources from provident funds

insurance funds mutual funds etc For house

building activities

5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize

domestic savings

HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS

DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND

OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role

for facilitating land assembly and development of

infrastructure

2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and

cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient

manner

3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement

THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND

CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD

1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of

houses and development of amenities

2 Forge partnership with state governments and local

authorities for construction of houses

3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out

schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization

basis

RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

ORGANIZATIONS WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw

materials

2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace

them with renewable resources

3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by

various public and private construction agencies

4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and

construction methods

5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the

housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste

based energy

6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new

constructions as well as strengthening of existing

houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and

human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes

cyclones and floods

7 Disseminate (spread) information about new

technologies and provide training to construction

workers in the use of new technologies

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

84

Role of PPP in Affordable Housing

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

85

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

86

JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance

No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million

No of Houses under Progress 0265 million

Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores

(BSUP+IHSDP)

997

achieved

Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of

Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline

Target of 27 cities

27 cities

achieved

Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of

developed land for EWSLIG Timeline

Target of 16 cities

16 cities

achieved

The JNNURM Initiative

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

87

i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP

ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath

iii Vector-free housing layout

iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces

v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and

vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness

Inclusive Planning amp Architecture

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

88

Recommendations

bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100

ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households

ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs

ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment

ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure

ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by

ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and

conversion of agricultural lands for urban use

ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for

making a proper assessment of land

requirements and allocation of such lands for

different uses

ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

89

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

90

Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

91

Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels

Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

92

SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66

References

Inferences

Books

Internet

Case Studies

Library references

bullNational Building Codes

bullGreen Households Domestic consumers

environment and sustainability

bullSustainable design practice

bullModern architecture

bullGaia House Design

bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy

Charles chorea and Raj

Reval

bullIntach library

Net references

bullWikipediacom

bullGooglecoin

bullDDA website

bullWHO living

standards

Case studies

bullResidences in old

Delhi

bullOther

contemporary

houses in

surrounding

houses

References

Page 7: Dessertation ii sem [autosaved]

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 7

ldquoSpace and light and orderldquoSpace and light and orderThese are the things that men needThese are the things that men need

Just as much as they needJust as much as they needBread or a place to sleepBread or a place to sleeprdquordquo

--Le CorbusierLe Corbusier

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 8

OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE OF STUDY

OBJECTIVES

-Scope of study is to find out the basis for setting parameters of Human Living Standards

-Study will find the habitable size of shelter in combination with AFFORDABILITY with DEMAND

of space To study the basic requirements of shelter eg requirement depending on family size

lifestyle etc

SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS

-Scope of study is to find out the basis for setting parameters of Human Living Standards

-Study will find the habitable size of shelter in combination with AFFORDABILITY with DEMAND

of space To study the basic requirements of shelter eg requirement depending on family size

lifestyle etc

-Study the transformation of shelter ie shrinking of area Study the Transformation of Shelter

with respect to the other four elements of Ekistics( Man Network Nature amp Society)

-Study the Norms amp Regulations for a Sustainable Shelter Impact of Urban Lifestyle on shelter

eg DINK concept of Young working couples ie Double Income No Kid

-After effect of this transformation on the user After diagnostic approach interviews amp survey

will bring up design parameters for designing a HABITABLE SHELTER

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 9

First generating a case for the typology known aslsquo Mixed Land uselsquo in Delhi and analyzing the

various factors and forces responsible for the legitimacy of such a planning typology This would

be achieved by the critically analyzing the relevant literature

Second highlight the dismal history of the Master Plan of Delhi over the years and project how

in requisite the tools and strategies of MPD are for sustaining Mixed Land-use in the city

Through critical analysis of the role of MPD citing an example of one such area in the city and

also through drilling discussions with advisors and experts in the field

These case study areas have been selected on the basis of their location representation of all

the socio-economic groups of people and because these are fully developed and occupied

housing schemes under the Delhi Development Authority (DDA) which is the principal planning

agency to plan and regulate development in the city The field surveys included commercial land

use survey parking survey and interviews of residents shop keepers (doing business in

properties converted from residential uses) and customers selected randomly in these

settlements

Third understand the implications on master and land use plan on the introduction of such a

planning typology This would be achieved by analyzing various successful cities that have

managed to sustain this planning typology over the years Fourth highlight the various tools

and strategies required in the current planning system for mixed land use to be successful in

Delhi Concluded from the case studies of the cities done in the previous chapters

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 10

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 11

INTRODUCTION

Dwelling is one of the basic need of human from ancient time till date Demand and

affordability has defined the boundaries of various classes existing in society The measure

guiding factor is affordability as per day to day demands Living styles status or requirements

demand may be anything but affordability makes the things available There is no limit on

demands but affordability puts a stop mark on that

With the raise in scale of construction residential demands scales up to social demands amp

responsibilities towards societies such as open spaces wide streets low rise and high rise

buildings as per density plan and so on Here comes the bye laws which governs this individual

residential construction of buildings in such a way that once all are erected these results into a

good evenly distributed society

Demand

space to

rest and

sleep

plu

s space to

coo

k

plu

s space to

bath

plu

s space fo

r lavatory

plu

s space to

din

e

plu

s leasure sp

ace

plu

s space fo

r parkin

g

plu

s ou

tdo

or leasu

re space

clas

s

But these byelaws may need amendments as

per changing demand and construction

patterns to satisfy the contemporary culture

This study aims all these factors amp tries to

analyse existing laws supporting them and to

highlight those which needs to be changed

For example need of 200thk slab is reduced

to 150 mm thick and similar others

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 12

The real estate world has changed significantly after the global financial meltdown caused

by defaults on sub-prime loans in US India was no exception and the real estate market

witnessed a contraction in both volume and value Real estate developers were gripped

with the liquidity crisis and were forced to change the ways of doing business Downturn

and liquidity crunch forced developers to adopt a two pronged strategy ndash

smaller units at lesser prices

In this study I have attempted to define

Affordable Housing by using three key

parameters viz

bull income level

bull size of dwelling unit and

bull affordability

While I have assessed the demand and supply

constrains I have also highlighted the

initiatives taken by key stakeholders and their

perspective concerns

INDIA ndashGDP GROWTH

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 13

AFFORDABLE HOUSING ndashDEFINITION

Defining Affordable Housing

ldquoAffordabilityrdquo as a concept is very generic and could have different meanings for different

people based on differences in income levels

Affordable housing refers to any housing that meets some form of affordability

criterion

Defining affordable housing in

India is a difficult task given that

at every square kilo-meter of the

country the dynamics of the

market are different

In the United States and

Canada a commonly acceptedguideline for affordable housing isthat the cost of housing should notbe more than 30 percent of ahouseholds gross income

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 14

AFFORDABLE HOUSING VS LOW COST HOUSING

Low-cost housing is generally meant for EWS category and comprises bare minimum housing

facilities while affordable housing is mostly meant for LIG and MIG and includes basic amenities

like schools hospitals and other community facilities and services

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 15

INDICATIVE SIZE amp POTENTIAL IN INDIA

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 16

DEMAND AND SUPPLY CONSTRAINTS

The demand drivers for affordable housing are as below

Urbanization

Rising income levels leading to a sizeable middle class segment Urbanization is an

ldquoindex of transformation from traditional rural 1 economies to modern industrial one rdquo

Its a product of demographic explosion and poverty induced rural-urban migration

This resulted in pressure on urban infrastructure and in an increase in the number of

homeless people living on the streets

As per the 2001 census the total urban homeless population was 7 78599 people

which would be much more currently given the inadequate availability of 2affordable

low-cost housing

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 17

THE DEMAND MODEL METHODOLOGY

The land market is fundamentally described by household choices of location and lot size The outcomes as in all economics arises from the interaction of demand (of household) and supply (of land parcel) Households are characterized by their income and preferences while land supply is characterized by quantity location and lot characteristics Household preferences can be represented by the price each household is willing to pay for each type

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 18

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 19

DEMAND SUPPLY DYNAMICS

bull Short Supply of residential dwellingsbull Supply shortfall existing since post

independencebull In 2005 estimated demand is 2095

million supply is 1897 Millionbull Demand ndash Supply gap is narrowing

bull Low supply of housing for low

income earners

bull As per 11th 5 year plan

- Shortage of 2471 million

dwellings

- Close to 99 of shortage in

EWS amp LIG segment

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 20

BIRTH AND MIGRATION

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 21

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 22

POPULATION AND HOUSING

PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLDS BY NUMBER OF ROOMS

OCCUPIED 1961 ndash 2001( in million )

No of Rooms

occupied 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001

One Room 531 50 458 396 351

Two Rooms 247 27 278 304 295

Three Rooms 103 114 122 148 171

Four or more

Rooms 111 114 121 147 159

No Exclusive

rooms 09 02 21 004 23

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

One Room Two Rooms Three

Rooms

Four or

more

Rooms

No

Exclusive

rooms

d

istr

ibut

ion

of h

ouse

hold

s

Approximate 50 of the households has two and three bed room dwelling units

Source Census of India 2001

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 23

Populatio

n

Residents

with

Buying

Power

Populatio

n under 20

Per

Capita

Income

GDP

Growth

Rate

Housing

Shortage

Estimate

1065

billion

300

million

58 $539 8 22 million

India Demographics Housing Shortage

Housing shortage at the beginning of 11th Five

Year Plan (142007)

2471 million

dwelling units

Additional Housing Requirement for the 11th

Plan ( 2007-2012)

182 million dwelling

units

Total housing requirement during 11th Plan

Period including the carried over housing shortage

2653 Million

dwelling units

TOTAL HOUSING SHORTAGE

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 24

CATEGORY VISE HOUSING SHORTAGE

Estimated Urban Housing Unit Shortage as on 142007

More than 99 shortage is for EWSLIG segments

Total 2471 m 10000EWS 2178 m 8814LIG 289 m 1169MIG amp HIG 004 m 016

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 25

28

46

618

Source Annual Report 2006-07 MoHUPA

Slum Population as age of total urban population is given in parenthesis

GROWTH OF SLUMS

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 26

The housing requirement for the Rs3-10 Lakh income group is approx206 million units by 2011translating to a market size of Rs3300billion or USD 66 billion

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 27

SUGGESTED PARAMETER FOR HOUSING

EWS LIG MIG

Size 300-600 sq ft carpet area Not exceeding 1200 sq ft

carpet area

Cost Not exceeding 4 times

household gross annual

income

Not exceeding 5 times

household gross annual

income

EMIRent Not exceeding 30 of gross

monthly income

Not exceeding 40 of gross

monthly income

AFFORDABLE HOUSING THE CONCEPT AND ISSUES

Difficult to adopt a lsquoone-size-fits-allrsquo concept

Government should undertake a separate exercise to estimate the number of

households falling under the lsquoaffordable housingrsquo category

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 28

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 29

NCR revealed a number of interesting facts during the household survey carriedout in order to ascertain the affordability of the various income groups at citylevel Table 6 depicts in detail the maximum affordable EMI of households invarious income levels This EMI has been estimated from the annual income ofhousehold and its spending and saving behaviour The maximum EMI has beentranslated into affordable house property value based on an assumed interestrate loan tenure and loan to value ratio The table also shows the capital valuesthat the households will have to pay keeping in view the preferred house size andthe affordable house property value An interesting point that was inferred fromthe survey results was that the income groups of Rs3-5 Lakh and Rs5-6 Lakhpreferred similar sized units for their housing needs Both the income categoriesexpressed the area of their residential units in the range of 700-800 sqftHowever while this allows the lower income group to purchase a property withan average price of Rs2300sqft the same enabled the higher income group ofRs5-6 lakh to opt for properties in the range of Rs2900-3650sqft MeanwhileNCR spanning a larger area with vast land parcels available for residentialdevelopment provides varied location options for the residents of the city tofulfill their housing needs The category of households with income of Rs6 lakhand above can afford residential units in select pockets of the newly developedzones in Gurgaon Noida as well as along NH-2 and NH-24 Though these locationssuit the budget preference of households they are located about 30 kms from theCBD area of Delhi ie Connaught Place For example residential locations inGurgaon and Noida are atleast 30 kms from the CBD Residential locations on NH24 Ghaziabad and NH 2 Faridabad are about 35 kms and 27 kms respectivelyfrom the CBD Meanwhile if households especially those in the income categoryof Rs3-5 Lakh are willing to compromise on unit

IDENTIFYING AFFORDABILITY

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 30

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 31

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 32

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 33

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 34

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 35

H

H

H

H

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 36

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 37

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 38

Objectives

bull To facilitate the incorporation of affordable housing in residential and mixed-use developments

bull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing in locations with easy accessto shops transport and government

and community servicesbull To ensure appropriate car parking provision for household requirementsbull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing through management and

ownership considerations

Diversity of affordable

housing

The affordable housingdevelopment provides

bull one two andor three-bedroom dwelling typesandor

bull apartments

Car parking

Car parking provision isappropriate for site location andhousehold requirements and isprovided on the site

Location of affordable

housing

Affordable housing is locatedclose to or has easy access toshops employment transportand government and communityservices

PROVISION AND LOCATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 39

Objectives

Integrating affordable housing

Affordable housing is integrated into new residential and mixed-usedevelopments where it is not a stand-alone development on its own site

Suggested responses

INTEGRATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 40Transforming Shelters-A journey of affordable Luxury

40

Objectives

bull To ensure site planning and related design responses facilitate good housingoutcomes

PrivacyDwellings are designed toacknowledge the differentrequirements for privacy andcontrol in the transition1) from public spaces2) through the privately controlledbut publicly visibleor semi-private shared space tothe dwelling entry and3) onto its private open space

Addressing public space

A dwelling adjacent to a streetor park addresses themfunctionally and visually (Onlarge sites communal openspaces are the equivalent of apublic park)

Privacy within the development

Development does notsignificantly reduce privacy anddaylight to private open spaces

Legibility of accessAccess to and sense of entry to adwelling fronting a street or aninternal path network is clearand unambiguous

SITE PLANNING OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 41

41

External circulationExternal pathways serving anindividual dwelling or multiples ofdwellings within a developmentare designed to suit the needs andvolume of intended occupantsand users

Carparking and streetpresentation

The street frontage of thedevelopment is not dominatedby car parking areas orstructures rubbish binenclosures and utility structures

Planting

Landscaping forms an integralcomponent of the designof the development

Territoriality

bull To aid the control of externalspaces by immediatelyadjacent households theterritorial boundaries of thesespaces are clearly delineated

bull Access by the general publicthrough the site is preventedand if this is unachievable thepath should be treated like apublic realm area

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 42

Objectives

bull To facilitate the provision of comfortable pleasant safe efficient and cost-effective accommodation for the intended occupants of affordable housing

bull To facilitate the incorporation of adaptable housing design principles inaffordable housing

All dwelling types are providedwith an appropriately located andfunctional arearsquos like

External entry areas

Internal entry areas

Livingdining areas

Kitchens

Bathrooms

Hallways

Bedrooms

Storage Area

Clothes Drying

Stairs and lifts( as per

NBC)

Open space

Security Adaptable housing

DESIGN OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 43

Every room intended for human habitation shall abut on aninterior or exterior open space or an open VERANDAH open tosuch interior or exterior open space

SKETCH FOR EXAMPLECONTRARY IMAGE FOUND IN SURVEY

For streets less than 75 m in width the distance of the building (building line) shall beat least 5 m from the centre line of the street

FRONT OPEN SPACES

OPEN SPACES WITHIN A PLOT

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 44

44

Residential and Commercial Zones

In any layout or sub-division of land measuring 03 hectare of

more in residential and commercial zones the community open

spaces shall be reserved for recreational purposes which shall as

far as possible be provided in one place or planned out for the

use of the community in clusters or pockets

The community open spaces shall be provided catering to the

needs of area of layout population for which the layout is

planned and the category of dwelling units The following

minimum provision shall be made

a) 15 percent of the area of the layout or

b) 03 to 04rsquo ha1 000 persons for low income housing the open

spaces shall be 03 ha1 000 persons

No recreational space shall generally be less than 450 sqm

the building line shall beat least 3 m away from the boundary of

recreational open space

Community open spaces and amenities

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 45

Width of Means of Access

The residential plots shall abut

on a public means of access

like street-oad Plots which do

not abut on a streethoad shall

abuthont on a means of access

the width and other

requirements of which shall be

as given in Table 1

In no case development on plots shall be permitted unless it is accessible by a public street of width not less than 6 m

MEANS OF ACCESS

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 46

In the case of special housing schemes for low income group

and economically weaker section of society developed up to two

storied row cluster housing scheme the pedestrian pathway

width shall be 3 m subject to provisions of 94l(a) The

pedestrian pathway shall not serve more than 8 plots on each

side of the pathway the length of the pathway shall be not more

than 50 m

No mention of plot sizehelliplarge plots sub-divided and the norm fails

Distance from Electric LinesNo VERANDAH balcony or the like shall be allowed to beerected or re-erected or any additions or alterations made to abuilding within the distances quoted below in accordance withthe current Indian Electricity Rules as amended from time-to-time between the building and any overhead electric supplyline

MEANS OF ACCESS-Cntd

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 47

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 48

Plot SizeThe minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75 percent shall not be less than 40 sqm in small and medium town and not less than 30 sqm in metropolitan cities Plot sizes below 30 sqm but not less than 15 sqm may be permitted in case of cluster planning however in such cases the ground coverage and FSI shall be 100 percent and 2 percent respectively

NOTES1 In exceptional cases in metropolitan cities with population more than 1 million the size of plots may be brought down to 25 sqm in cases of low income housing colonies located in congested areas as decided by the Authority In mega-cities it may be further reduced to 15 m2 In such cases where plot size is below 25 sqm only cluster planning or group housing may be adopted

2 A minimum of 25 percent of the plot size shall be left open without adversely affecting light and ventilation for habitable spaces and toilet It shall not be made mandatory to leave set back on any side

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 49

Vehicular AccessA right of way of at least 6 m width should be provided up to theentrance to the cluster to facilitate emergency vehicle movement up tocluster

DensityCluster planning methodologies result in higher densities with low risestructures With per dwelling unit covered area of 15 sqm densities of500 dwelling units per hectare (net) shall be permissible Densitieshigher than this should not allowed

Group ToiletCluster housing for economically weaker section families can havegroup toilets at the rate of one water closet one bath and a washingplace for three families

Size of RoomHabitable RoomEvery dwelling unit to be provided should have at least two habitable rooms Even if one room house is provided initially it should be capable of adding a new second room in future However in case single room tenements are required to be provided where future additions are not possible the carpet area of multipurpose single room should be at least 125 m2Such one room dwelling units with 125 m2 carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case of on site rehabilitation of slum dwellers In a house of two rooms first room shall not be less than 90 m2 with minimum width of 25 m and second room shall not be less than 65 m2 with minimum width of 21 m provided the total area of both the rooms is not less than 155 m2 In incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room

SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF CLUSTER PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 51

Life style

Affordability

Social Classification

Life style

SALARY CLASS

BUSINESS CLASS

BOTH WORKING

JOINT FAMILY

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52

Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi

Zone ndashF

a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)

LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53

The component method of design provides a broad frame work for

achieving the described life style objectives

HOUSING COMPONENT

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59

the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60

Desired outcomes Suggested responses

One two and three-bedroom

dwellings

One two and three-bedroom affordable

housing

dwelling types provide rooms of

sufficient dimensions to support the

safe comfortable and convenient use of

and movement around furniture

facilities and fittings needed by

householders

Studio apartments

Studio apartment rooms provide

adequate space for the function of

individual units including

bull sleeping living dining and kitchen

areas and

bull adequate bathroom laundry and

clothes dryingfacilities

Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table

Studio apartments generally conform to a

minimum

gross floor area of 30m2

The room sizes generally conform to the

following table

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61

Afordability Survey and Analysis

Category

Sample

Income group

Current status

Current Facilities Wishlist

Affordable EMI Analysis

Low

Inco

me

Gro

up

case

-1

A small 2BHK unit

of approx

35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs

lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)

4000

Rentedcommon washrooms

separate washroom

1500 PM no privacy Privacy

Mid

dle

Cla

ss

case

-1

10000-35000

Single 2BHK Family 2bhk

A Good 23BHK unit of approx

100 sqyard in range of

18-25 lacs

Rented Good location 7000

11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry

Bigger balcony

More natural light

Bigger Bedrooms

Good storage Space

case

-2

10000-35000

Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms

RentedBigger living area

7000 PM Good height 10000

Minimum shafts

small kitchenlaundry

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62

EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT

AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1

Category - EWS

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR

CASE -2

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35

CASE -3

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE

5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25

35

40

25

30

1060

30

1060

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63

63

AREA -DAYANAND COLONY

CASE -1

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

1010

30

50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65

GENERAL PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68

NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69

SPACE RELATIONSHIP

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71

Approach for investigating

affordable housing

Knowledge about future

house

Knowledge about present

house

Knowledge about Family

Payment Method

Preferred Area

PreferredLocation

Affordability

TypologicalPreferences

SpacePreferences

Location winNeighborhood

AdvantagesDis

Home TypeOwnershipStatus

Location

NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces

Degree ofSatisfaction

Income level

No of Family Members

EducationalLevel

(husbandwife)

Work Sector

No of Cars

Domestic Labor

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

72

AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

10

10

30

50

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

73

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

74

Conclusion

While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are

increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as

televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While

we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an

auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living

in a slum-like dwelling

It is understandable that economic

growth leads to rise in income but this

has led to even faster rise in property

prices leaving it unaffordable for majority

of population Affordable housing is

expected to have a positive by improving

basic quality of life Problems like traffic

congestion air quality commute times

etc can be resolved by providing proper

housing facilities to the weaker sections

of the society While the concept of

affordable housing seems to be a simple

solution to current housing woes its

execution remains complicated due to the

unclear policy framework To make

affordable housing work in India it would

require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by

slightly adjusting their interests towards a

wider social cause

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

75

Land use planning and

development

The project of the poor

Development standards

Land supply

Land value

Land affordability

Subdivision

Land market

Allocation

Demand

Intervention rationale

Neo liberalism

Site and Service

Subdivision

Land policy

Efficiency and equity

Land management

Direct intervention world

bank

Learning by doing

Site and service

subdivision

Poverty alleviation

Suitability and

acceptability

Affordability standards

subdivision

Intervention usually takes three broad categories

bull planning regulations

bull direct government investments and

bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation

Land management improvements

Example Land Readjustment

direct public investment

Example land banking

Example Site-and-Service

OBJECTIVES

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at

1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on

rental or ownership basis

2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter

options especially to the vulnerable groups

and the poor

3 Ensuring that housing along with the

supporting services is treated as a priority and

at par with infrastructure sector

4 Removing barriers related to legal financial

and administrative for facilitating access to

land finance and technology

5 Forging strong partnership between private

public and cooperative sectors to enhance the

capacity of the construction industry to

participate in every sphere of housing and

habitat

6 Using technology for modernizing the

housing sector to increase efficiency

productivity energy efficiency and quality

7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions

and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for

adding to the housing stock

THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including

formulation of effective

foreclosure laws

bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of

resources to the

housing and infrastructure sector

bull Develop a debt market for housing and

infrastructure fully integrated

with the financial markets in the country

bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the

requirement of low cost funds

for the housing needs of the poor

bull Promote research and development and transfer of

technology for

construction of houses

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available

resources to promote development and growth in a

sustained manner

bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing

infrastructure innovative and energy saving

construction materials and methods and also set up

a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the

concessions are correctly targeted and utilized

bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological

standards to protect the environment and provide a

better quality of life in human settlements

bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage

market

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD

1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a

boost to housing and supporting infrastructure

2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in

undertaking housing construction for all segments in

urban and rural areas

3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to

land

4 Facilitate training of construction workers by

converging other development programs through

building centers and other agencies

5 Promote decentralized production and availability of

building material

6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their

responsibilities in regulatory and development

functions

THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare

District Housing Action Plans for rural areas

2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and

augment supply of land for housing particularly

for the vulnerable group

3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural

infrastructure services

4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for

planned development

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE

COMPANIES WOULD

1 Redefine their role and move away from their

traditional approach to housing finance

2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the

needs of people

3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to

those who are in dire need of housing finance

support

4 Mobilize resources from provident funds

insurance funds mutual funds etc For house

building activities

5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize

domestic savings

HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS

DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND

OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role

for facilitating land assembly and development of

infrastructure

2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and

cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient

manner

3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement

THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND

CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD

1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of

houses and development of amenities

2 Forge partnership with state governments and local

authorities for construction of houses

3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out

schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization

basis

RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

ORGANIZATIONS WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw

materials

2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace

them with renewable resources

3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by

various public and private construction agencies

4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and

construction methods

5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the

housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste

based energy

6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new

constructions as well as strengthening of existing

houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and

human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes

cyclones and floods

7 Disseminate (spread) information about new

technologies and provide training to construction

workers in the use of new technologies

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

84

Role of PPP in Affordable Housing

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

85

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

86

JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance

No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million

No of Houses under Progress 0265 million

Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores

(BSUP+IHSDP)

997

achieved

Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of

Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline

Target of 27 cities

27 cities

achieved

Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of

developed land for EWSLIG Timeline

Target of 16 cities

16 cities

achieved

The JNNURM Initiative

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

87

i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP

ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath

iii Vector-free housing layout

iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces

v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and

vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness

Inclusive Planning amp Architecture

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

88

Recommendations

bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100

ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households

ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs

ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment

ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure

ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by

ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and

conversion of agricultural lands for urban use

ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for

making a proper assessment of land

requirements and allocation of such lands for

different uses

ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

89

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

90

Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

91

Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels

Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

92

SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66

References

Inferences

Books

Internet

Case Studies

Library references

bullNational Building Codes

bullGreen Households Domestic consumers

environment and sustainability

bullSustainable design practice

bullModern architecture

bullGaia House Design

bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy

Charles chorea and Raj

Reval

bullIntach library

Net references

bullWikipediacom

bullGooglecoin

bullDDA website

bullWHO living

standards

Case studies

bullResidences in old

Delhi

bullOther

contemporary

houses in

surrounding

houses

References

Page 8: Dessertation ii sem [autosaved]

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 8

OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE OF STUDY

OBJECTIVES

-Scope of study is to find out the basis for setting parameters of Human Living Standards

-Study will find the habitable size of shelter in combination with AFFORDABILITY with DEMAND

of space To study the basic requirements of shelter eg requirement depending on family size

lifestyle etc

SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS

-Scope of study is to find out the basis for setting parameters of Human Living Standards

-Study will find the habitable size of shelter in combination with AFFORDABILITY with DEMAND

of space To study the basic requirements of shelter eg requirement depending on family size

lifestyle etc

-Study the transformation of shelter ie shrinking of area Study the Transformation of Shelter

with respect to the other four elements of Ekistics( Man Network Nature amp Society)

-Study the Norms amp Regulations for a Sustainable Shelter Impact of Urban Lifestyle on shelter

eg DINK concept of Young working couples ie Double Income No Kid

-After effect of this transformation on the user After diagnostic approach interviews amp survey

will bring up design parameters for designing a HABITABLE SHELTER

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 9

First generating a case for the typology known aslsquo Mixed Land uselsquo in Delhi and analyzing the

various factors and forces responsible for the legitimacy of such a planning typology This would

be achieved by the critically analyzing the relevant literature

Second highlight the dismal history of the Master Plan of Delhi over the years and project how

in requisite the tools and strategies of MPD are for sustaining Mixed Land-use in the city

Through critical analysis of the role of MPD citing an example of one such area in the city and

also through drilling discussions with advisors and experts in the field

These case study areas have been selected on the basis of their location representation of all

the socio-economic groups of people and because these are fully developed and occupied

housing schemes under the Delhi Development Authority (DDA) which is the principal planning

agency to plan and regulate development in the city The field surveys included commercial land

use survey parking survey and interviews of residents shop keepers (doing business in

properties converted from residential uses) and customers selected randomly in these

settlements

Third understand the implications on master and land use plan on the introduction of such a

planning typology This would be achieved by analyzing various successful cities that have

managed to sustain this planning typology over the years Fourth highlight the various tools

and strategies required in the current planning system for mixed land use to be successful in

Delhi Concluded from the case studies of the cities done in the previous chapters

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 10

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 11

INTRODUCTION

Dwelling is one of the basic need of human from ancient time till date Demand and

affordability has defined the boundaries of various classes existing in society The measure

guiding factor is affordability as per day to day demands Living styles status or requirements

demand may be anything but affordability makes the things available There is no limit on

demands but affordability puts a stop mark on that

With the raise in scale of construction residential demands scales up to social demands amp

responsibilities towards societies such as open spaces wide streets low rise and high rise

buildings as per density plan and so on Here comes the bye laws which governs this individual

residential construction of buildings in such a way that once all are erected these results into a

good evenly distributed society

Demand

space to

rest and

sleep

plu

s space to

coo

k

plu

s space to

bath

plu

s space fo

r lavatory

plu

s space to

din

e

plu

s leasure sp

ace

plu

s space fo

r parkin

g

plu

s ou

tdo

or leasu

re space

clas

s

But these byelaws may need amendments as

per changing demand and construction

patterns to satisfy the contemporary culture

This study aims all these factors amp tries to

analyse existing laws supporting them and to

highlight those which needs to be changed

For example need of 200thk slab is reduced

to 150 mm thick and similar others

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 12

The real estate world has changed significantly after the global financial meltdown caused

by defaults on sub-prime loans in US India was no exception and the real estate market

witnessed a contraction in both volume and value Real estate developers were gripped

with the liquidity crisis and were forced to change the ways of doing business Downturn

and liquidity crunch forced developers to adopt a two pronged strategy ndash

smaller units at lesser prices

In this study I have attempted to define

Affordable Housing by using three key

parameters viz

bull income level

bull size of dwelling unit and

bull affordability

While I have assessed the demand and supply

constrains I have also highlighted the

initiatives taken by key stakeholders and their

perspective concerns

INDIA ndashGDP GROWTH

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 13

AFFORDABLE HOUSING ndashDEFINITION

Defining Affordable Housing

ldquoAffordabilityrdquo as a concept is very generic and could have different meanings for different

people based on differences in income levels

Affordable housing refers to any housing that meets some form of affordability

criterion

Defining affordable housing in

India is a difficult task given that

at every square kilo-meter of the

country the dynamics of the

market are different

In the United States and

Canada a commonly acceptedguideline for affordable housing isthat the cost of housing should notbe more than 30 percent of ahouseholds gross income

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 14

AFFORDABLE HOUSING VS LOW COST HOUSING

Low-cost housing is generally meant for EWS category and comprises bare minimum housing

facilities while affordable housing is mostly meant for LIG and MIG and includes basic amenities

like schools hospitals and other community facilities and services

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 15

INDICATIVE SIZE amp POTENTIAL IN INDIA

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 16

DEMAND AND SUPPLY CONSTRAINTS

The demand drivers for affordable housing are as below

Urbanization

Rising income levels leading to a sizeable middle class segment Urbanization is an

ldquoindex of transformation from traditional rural 1 economies to modern industrial one rdquo

Its a product of demographic explosion and poverty induced rural-urban migration

This resulted in pressure on urban infrastructure and in an increase in the number of

homeless people living on the streets

As per the 2001 census the total urban homeless population was 7 78599 people

which would be much more currently given the inadequate availability of 2affordable

low-cost housing

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 17

THE DEMAND MODEL METHODOLOGY

The land market is fundamentally described by household choices of location and lot size The outcomes as in all economics arises from the interaction of demand (of household) and supply (of land parcel) Households are characterized by their income and preferences while land supply is characterized by quantity location and lot characteristics Household preferences can be represented by the price each household is willing to pay for each type

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 18

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 19

DEMAND SUPPLY DYNAMICS

bull Short Supply of residential dwellingsbull Supply shortfall existing since post

independencebull In 2005 estimated demand is 2095

million supply is 1897 Millionbull Demand ndash Supply gap is narrowing

bull Low supply of housing for low

income earners

bull As per 11th 5 year plan

- Shortage of 2471 million

dwellings

- Close to 99 of shortage in

EWS amp LIG segment

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 20

BIRTH AND MIGRATION

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 21

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 22

POPULATION AND HOUSING

PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLDS BY NUMBER OF ROOMS

OCCUPIED 1961 ndash 2001( in million )

No of Rooms

occupied 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001

One Room 531 50 458 396 351

Two Rooms 247 27 278 304 295

Three Rooms 103 114 122 148 171

Four or more

Rooms 111 114 121 147 159

No Exclusive

rooms 09 02 21 004 23

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

One Room Two Rooms Three

Rooms

Four or

more

Rooms

No

Exclusive

rooms

d

istr

ibut

ion

of h

ouse

hold

s

Approximate 50 of the households has two and three bed room dwelling units

Source Census of India 2001

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 23

Populatio

n

Residents

with

Buying

Power

Populatio

n under 20

Per

Capita

Income

GDP

Growth

Rate

Housing

Shortage

Estimate

1065

billion

300

million

58 $539 8 22 million

India Demographics Housing Shortage

Housing shortage at the beginning of 11th Five

Year Plan (142007)

2471 million

dwelling units

Additional Housing Requirement for the 11th

Plan ( 2007-2012)

182 million dwelling

units

Total housing requirement during 11th Plan

Period including the carried over housing shortage

2653 Million

dwelling units

TOTAL HOUSING SHORTAGE

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 24

CATEGORY VISE HOUSING SHORTAGE

Estimated Urban Housing Unit Shortage as on 142007

More than 99 shortage is for EWSLIG segments

Total 2471 m 10000EWS 2178 m 8814LIG 289 m 1169MIG amp HIG 004 m 016

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 25

28

46

618

Source Annual Report 2006-07 MoHUPA

Slum Population as age of total urban population is given in parenthesis

GROWTH OF SLUMS

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 26

The housing requirement for the Rs3-10 Lakh income group is approx206 million units by 2011translating to a market size of Rs3300billion or USD 66 billion

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 27

SUGGESTED PARAMETER FOR HOUSING

EWS LIG MIG

Size 300-600 sq ft carpet area Not exceeding 1200 sq ft

carpet area

Cost Not exceeding 4 times

household gross annual

income

Not exceeding 5 times

household gross annual

income

EMIRent Not exceeding 30 of gross

monthly income

Not exceeding 40 of gross

monthly income

AFFORDABLE HOUSING THE CONCEPT AND ISSUES

Difficult to adopt a lsquoone-size-fits-allrsquo concept

Government should undertake a separate exercise to estimate the number of

households falling under the lsquoaffordable housingrsquo category

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 28

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 29

NCR revealed a number of interesting facts during the household survey carriedout in order to ascertain the affordability of the various income groups at citylevel Table 6 depicts in detail the maximum affordable EMI of households invarious income levels This EMI has been estimated from the annual income ofhousehold and its spending and saving behaviour The maximum EMI has beentranslated into affordable house property value based on an assumed interestrate loan tenure and loan to value ratio The table also shows the capital valuesthat the households will have to pay keeping in view the preferred house size andthe affordable house property value An interesting point that was inferred fromthe survey results was that the income groups of Rs3-5 Lakh and Rs5-6 Lakhpreferred similar sized units for their housing needs Both the income categoriesexpressed the area of their residential units in the range of 700-800 sqftHowever while this allows the lower income group to purchase a property withan average price of Rs2300sqft the same enabled the higher income group ofRs5-6 lakh to opt for properties in the range of Rs2900-3650sqft MeanwhileNCR spanning a larger area with vast land parcels available for residentialdevelopment provides varied location options for the residents of the city tofulfill their housing needs The category of households with income of Rs6 lakhand above can afford residential units in select pockets of the newly developedzones in Gurgaon Noida as well as along NH-2 and NH-24 Though these locationssuit the budget preference of households they are located about 30 kms from theCBD area of Delhi ie Connaught Place For example residential locations inGurgaon and Noida are atleast 30 kms from the CBD Residential locations on NH24 Ghaziabad and NH 2 Faridabad are about 35 kms and 27 kms respectivelyfrom the CBD Meanwhile if households especially those in the income categoryof Rs3-5 Lakh are willing to compromise on unit

IDENTIFYING AFFORDABILITY

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 30

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 31

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 32

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 33

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 34

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 35

H

H

H

H

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 36

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 37

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 38

Objectives

bull To facilitate the incorporation of affordable housing in residential and mixed-use developments

bull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing in locations with easy accessto shops transport and government

and community servicesbull To ensure appropriate car parking provision for household requirementsbull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing through management and

ownership considerations

Diversity of affordable

housing

The affordable housingdevelopment provides

bull one two andor three-bedroom dwelling typesandor

bull apartments

Car parking

Car parking provision isappropriate for site location andhousehold requirements and isprovided on the site

Location of affordable

housing

Affordable housing is locatedclose to or has easy access toshops employment transportand government and communityservices

PROVISION AND LOCATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 39

Objectives

Integrating affordable housing

Affordable housing is integrated into new residential and mixed-usedevelopments where it is not a stand-alone development on its own site

Suggested responses

INTEGRATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 40Transforming Shelters-A journey of affordable Luxury

40

Objectives

bull To ensure site planning and related design responses facilitate good housingoutcomes

PrivacyDwellings are designed toacknowledge the differentrequirements for privacy andcontrol in the transition1) from public spaces2) through the privately controlledbut publicly visibleor semi-private shared space tothe dwelling entry and3) onto its private open space

Addressing public space

A dwelling adjacent to a streetor park addresses themfunctionally and visually (Onlarge sites communal openspaces are the equivalent of apublic park)

Privacy within the development

Development does notsignificantly reduce privacy anddaylight to private open spaces

Legibility of accessAccess to and sense of entry to adwelling fronting a street or aninternal path network is clearand unambiguous

SITE PLANNING OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 41

41

External circulationExternal pathways serving anindividual dwelling or multiples ofdwellings within a developmentare designed to suit the needs andvolume of intended occupantsand users

Carparking and streetpresentation

The street frontage of thedevelopment is not dominatedby car parking areas orstructures rubbish binenclosures and utility structures

Planting

Landscaping forms an integralcomponent of the designof the development

Territoriality

bull To aid the control of externalspaces by immediatelyadjacent households theterritorial boundaries of thesespaces are clearly delineated

bull Access by the general publicthrough the site is preventedand if this is unachievable thepath should be treated like apublic realm area

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 42

Objectives

bull To facilitate the provision of comfortable pleasant safe efficient and cost-effective accommodation for the intended occupants of affordable housing

bull To facilitate the incorporation of adaptable housing design principles inaffordable housing

All dwelling types are providedwith an appropriately located andfunctional arearsquos like

External entry areas

Internal entry areas

Livingdining areas

Kitchens

Bathrooms

Hallways

Bedrooms

Storage Area

Clothes Drying

Stairs and lifts( as per

NBC)

Open space

Security Adaptable housing

DESIGN OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 43

Every room intended for human habitation shall abut on aninterior or exterior open space or an open VERANDAH open tosuch interior or exterior open space

SKETCH FOR EXAMPLECONTRARY IMAGE FOUND IN SURVEY

For streets less than 75 m in width the distance of the building (building line) shall beat least 5 m from the centre line of the street

FRONT OPEN SPACES

OPEN SPACES WITHIN A PLOT

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 44

44

Residential and Commercial Zones

In any layout or sub-division of land measuring 03 hectare of

more in residential and commercial zones the community open

spaces shall be reserved for recreational purposes which shall as

far as possible be provided in one place or planned out for the

use of the community in clusters or pockets

The community open spaces shall be provided catering to the

needs of area of layout population for which the layout is

planned and the category of dwelling units The following

minimum provision shall be made

a) 15 percent of the area of the layout or

b) 03 to 04rsquo ha1 000 persons for low income housing the open

spaces shall be 03 ha1 000 persons

No recreational space shall generally be less than 450 sqm

the building line shall beat least 3 m away from the boundary of

recreational open space

Community open spaces and amenities

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 45

Width of Means of Access

The residential plots shall abut

on a public means of access

like street-oad Plots which do

not abut on a streethoad shall

abuthont on a means of access

the width and other

requirements of which shall be

as given in Table 1

In no case development on plots shall be permitted unless it is accessible by a public street of width not less than 6 m

MEANS OF ACCESS

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 46

In the case of special housing schemes for low income group

and economically weaker section of society developed up to two

storied row cluster housing scheme the pedestrian pathway

width shall be 3 m subject to provisions of 94l(a) The

pedestrian pathway shall not serve more than 8 plots on each

side of the pathway the length of the pathway shall be not more

than 50 m

No mention of plot sizehelliplarge plots sub-divided and the norm fails

Distance from Electric LinesNo VERANDAH balcony or the like shall be allowed to beerected or re-erected or any additions or alterations made to abuilding within the distances quoted below in accordance withthe current Indian Electricity Rules as amended from time-to-time between the building and any overhead electric supplyline

MEANS OF ACCESS-Cntd

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 47

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 48

Plot SizeThe minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75 percent shall not be less than 40 sqm in small and medium town and not less than 30 sqm in metropolitan cities Plot sizes below 30 sqm but not less than 15 sqm may be permitted in case of cluster planning however in such cases the ground coverage and FSI shall be 100 percent and 2 percent respectively

NOTES1 In exceptional cases in metropolitan cities with population more than 1 million the size of plots may be brought down to 25 sqm in cases of low income housing colonies located in congested areas as decided by the Authority In mega-cities it may be further reduced to 15 m2 In such cases where plot size is below 25 sqm only cluster planning or group housing may be adopted

2 A minimum of 25 percent of the plot size shall be left open without adversely affecting light and ventilation for habitable spaces and toilet It shall not be made mandatory to leave set back on any side

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 49

Vehicular AccessA right of way of at least 6 m width should be provided up to theentrance to the cluster to facilitate emergency vehicle movement up tocluster

DensityCluster planning methodologies result in higher densities with low risestructures With per dwelling unit covered area of 15 sqm densities of500 dwelling units per hectare (net) shall be permissible Densitieshigher than this should not allowed

Group ToiletCluster housing for economically weaker section families can havegroup toilets at the rate of one water closet one bath and a washingplace for three families

Size of RoomHabitable RoomEvery dwelling unit to be provided should have at least two habitable rooms Even if one room house is provided initially it should be capable of adding a new second room in future However in case single room tenements are required to be provided where future additions are not possible the carpet area of multipurpose single room should be at least 125 m2Such one room dwelling units with 125 m2 carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case of on site rehabilitation of slum dwellers In a house of two rooms first room shall not be less than 90 m2 with minimum width of 25 m and second room shall not be less than 65 m2 with minimum width of 21 m provided the total area of both the rooms is not less than 155 m2 In incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room

SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF CLUSTER PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 51

Life style

Affordability

Social Classification

Life style

SALARY CLASS

BUSINESS CLASS

BOTH WORKING

JOINT FAMILY

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52

Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi

Zone ndashF

a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)

LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53

The component method of design provides a broad frame work for

achieving the described life style objectives

HOUSING COMPONENT

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59

the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60

Desired outcomes Suggested responses

One two and three-bedroom

dwellings

One two and three-bedroom affordable

housing

dwelling types provide rooms of

sufficient dimensions to support the

safe comfortable and convenient use of

and movement around furniture

facilities and fittings needed by

householders

Studio apartments

Studio apartment rooms provide

adequate space for the function of

individual units including

bull sleeping living dining and kitchen

areas and

bull adequate bathroom laundry and

clothes dryingfacilities

Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table

Studio apartments generally conform to a

minimum

gross floor area of 30m2

The room sizes generally conform to the

following table

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61

Afordability Survey and Analysis

Category

Sample

Income group

Current status

Current Facilities Wishlist

Affordable EMI Analysis

Low

Inco

me

Gro

up

case

-1

A small 2BHK unit

of approx

35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs

lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)

4000

Rentedcommon washrooms

separate washroom

1500 PM no privacy Privacy

Mid

dle

Cla

ss

case

-1

10000-35000

Single 2BHK Family 2bhk

A Good 23BHK unit of approx

100 sqyard in range of

18-25 lacs

Rented Good location 7000

11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry

Bigger balcony

More natural light

Bigger Bedrooms

Good storage Space

case

-2

10000-35000

Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms

RentedBigger living area

7000 PM Good height 10000

Minimum shafts

small kitchenlaundry

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62

EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT

AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1

Category - EWS

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR

CASE -2

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35

CASE -3

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE

5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25

35

40

25

30

1060

30

1060

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63

63

AREA -DAYANAND COLONY

CASE -1

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

1010

30

50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65

GENERAL PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68

NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69

SPACE RELATIONSHIP

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71

Approach for investigating

affordable housing

Knowledge about future

house

Knowledge about present

house

Knowledge about Family

Payment Method

Preferred Area

PreferredLocation

Affordability

TypologicalPreferences

SpacePreferences

Location winNeighborhood

AdvantagesDis

Home TypeOwnershipStatus

Location

NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces

Degree ofSatisfaction

Income level

No of Family Members

EducationalLevel

(husbandwife)

Work Sector

No of Cars

Domestic Labor

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

72

AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

10

10

30

50

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

73

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

74

Conclusion

While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are

increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as

televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While

we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an

auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living

in a slum-like dwelling

It is understandable that economic

growth leads to rise in income but this

has led to even faster rise in property

prices leaving it unaffordable for majority

of population Affordable housing is

expected to have a positive by improving

basic quality of life Problems like traffic

congestion air quality commute times

etc can be resolved by providing proper

housing facilities to the weaker sections

of the society While the concept of

affordable housing seems to be a simple

solution to current housing woes its

execution remains complicated due to the

unclear policy framework To make

affordable housing work in India it would

require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by

slightly adjusting their interests towards a

wider social cause

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

75

Land use planning and

development

The project of the poor

Development standards

Land supply

Land value

Land affordability

Subdivision

Land market

Allocation

Demand

Intervention rationale

Neo liberalism

Site and Service

Subdivision

Land policy

Efficiency and equity

Land management

Direct intervention world

bank

Learning by doing

Site and service

subdivision

Poverty alleviation

Suitability and

acceptability

Affordability standards

subdivision

Intervention usually takes three broad categories

bull planning regulations

bull direct government investments and

bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation

Land management improvements

Example Land Readjustment

direct public investment

Example land banking

Example Site-and-Service

OBJECTIVES

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at

1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on

rental or ownership basis

2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter

options especially to the vulnerable groups

and the poor

3 Ensuring that housing along with the

supporting services is treated as a priority and

at par with infrastructure sector

4 Removing barriers related to legal financial

and administrative for facilitating access to

land finance and technology

5 Forging strong partnership between private

public and cooperative sectors to enhance the

capacity of the construction industry to

participate in every sphere of housing and

habitat

6 Using technology for modernizing the

housing sector to increase efficiency

productivity energy efficiency and quality

7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions

and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for

adding to the housing stock

THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including

formulation of effective

foreclosure laws

bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of

resources to the

housing and infrastructure sector

bull Develop a debt market for housing and

infrastructure fully integrated

with the financial markets in the country

bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the

requirement of low cost funds

for the housing needs of the poor

bull Promote research and development and transfer of

technology for

construction of houses

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available

resources to promote development and growth in a

sustained manner

bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing

infrastructure innovative and energy saving

construction materials and methods and also set up

a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the

concessions are correctly targeted and utilized

bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological

standards to protect the environment and provide a

better quality of life in human settlements

bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage

market

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD

1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a

boost to housing and supporting infrastructure

2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in

undertaking housing construction for all segments in

urban and rural areas

3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to

land

4 Facilitate training of construction workers by

converging other development programs through

building centers and other agencies

5 Promote decentralized production and availability of

building material

6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their

responsibilities in regulatory and development

functions

THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare

District Housing Action Plans for rural areas

2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and

augment supply of land for housing particularly

for the vulnerable group

3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural

infrastructure services

4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for

planned development

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE

COMPANIES WOULD

1 Redefine their role and move away from their

traditional approach to housing finance

2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the

needs of people

3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to

those who are in dire need of housing finance

support

4 Mobilize resources from provident funds

insurance funds mutual funds etc For house

building activities

5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize

domestic savings

HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS

DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND

OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role

for facilitating land assembly and development of

infrastructure

2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and

cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient

manner

3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement

THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND

CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD

1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of

houses and development of amenities

2 Forge partnership with state governments and local

authorities for construction of houses

3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out

schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization

basis

RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

ORGANIZATIONS WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw

materials

2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace

them with renewable resources

3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by

various public and private construction agencies

4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and

construction methods

5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the

housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste

based energy

6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new

constructions as well as strengthening of existing

houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and

human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes

cyclones and floods

7 Disseminate (spread) information about new

technologies and provide training to construction

workers in the use of new technologies

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

84

Role of PPP in Affordable Housing

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

85

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

86

JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance

No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million

No of Houses under Progress 0265 million

Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores

(BSUP+IHSDP)

997

achieved

Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of

Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline

Target of 27 cities

27 cities

achieved

Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of

developed land for EWSLIG Timeline

Target of 16 cities

16 cities

achieved

The JNNURM Initiative

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

87

i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP

ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath

iii Vector-free housing layout

iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces

v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and

vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness

Inclusive Planning amp Architecture

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

88

Recommendations

bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100

ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households

ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs

ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment

ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure

ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by

ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and

conversion of agricultural lands for urban use

ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for

making a proper assessment of land

requirements and allocation of such lands for

different uses

ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

89

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

90

Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

91

Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels

Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

92

SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66

References

Inferences

Books

Internet

Case Studies

Library references

bullNational Building Codes

bullGreen Households Domestic consumers

environment and sustainability

bullSustainable design practice

bullModern architecture

bullGaia House Design

bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy

Charles chorea and Raj

Reval

bullIntach library

Net references

bullWikipediacom

bullGooglecoin

bullDDA website

bullWHO living

standards

Case studies

bullResidences in old

Delhi

bullOther

contemporary

houses in

surrounding

houses

References

Page 9: Dessertation ii sem [autosaved]

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 9

First generating a case for the typology known aslsquo Mixed Land uselsquo in Delhi and analyzing the

various factors and forces responsible for the legitimacy of such a planning typology This would

be achieved by the critically analyzing the relevant literature

Second highlight the dismal history of the Master Plan of Delhi over the years and project how

in requisite the tools and strategies of MPD are for sustaining Mixed Land-use in the city

Through critical analysis of the role of MPD citing an example of one such area in the city and

also through drilling discussions with advisors and experts in the field

These case study areas have been selected on the basis of their location representation of all

the socio-economic groups of people and because these are fully developed and occupied

housing schemes under the Delhi Development Authority (DDA) which is the principal planning

agency to plan and regulate development in the city The field surveys included commercial land

use survey parking survey and interviews of residents shop keepers (doing business in

properties converted from residential uses) and customers selected randomly in these

settlements

Third understand the implications on master and land use plan on the introduction of such a

planning typology This would be achieved by analyzing various successful cities that have

managed to sustain this planning typology over the years Fourth highlight the various tools

and strategies required in the current planning system for mixed land use to be successful in

Delhi Concluded from the case studies of the cities done in the previous chapters

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 10

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 11

INTRODUCTION

Dwelling is one of the basic need of human from ancient time till date Demand and

affordability has defined the boundaries of various classes existing in society The measure

guiding factor is affordability as per day to day demands Living styles status or requirements

demand may be anything but affordability makes the things available There is no limit on

demands but affordability puts a stop mark on that

With the raise in scale of construction residential demands scales up to social demands amp

responsibilities towards societies such as open spaces wide streets low rise and high rise

buildings as per density plan and so on Here comes the bye laws which governs this individual

residential construction of buildings in such a way that once all are erected these results into a

good evenly distributed society

Demand

space to

rest and

sleep

plu

s space to

coo

k

plu

s space to

bath

plu

s space fo

r lavatory

plu

s space to

din

e

plu

s leasure sp

ace

plu

s space fo

r parkin

g

plu

s ou

tdo

or leasu

re space

clas

s

But these byelaws may need amendments as

per changing demand and construction

patterns to satisfy the contemporary culture

This study aims all these factors amp tries to

analyse existing laws supporting them and to

highlight those which needs to be changed

For example need of 200thk slab is reduced

to 150 mm thick and similar others

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 12

The real estate world has changed significantly after the global financial meltdown caused

by defaults on sub-prime loans in US India was no exception and the real estate market

witnessed a contraction in both volume and value Real estate developers were gripped

with the liquidity crisis and were forced to change the ways of doing business Downturn

and liquidity crunch forced developers to adopt a two pronged strategy ndash

smaller units at lesser prices

In this study I have attempted to define

Affordable Housing by using three key

parameters viz

bull income level

bull size of dwelling unit and

bull affordability

While I have assessed the demand and supply

constrains I have also highlighted the

initiatives taken by key stakeholders and their

perspective concerns

INDIA ndashGDP GROWTH

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 13

AFFORDABLE HOUSING ndashDEFINITION

Defining Affordable Housing

ldquoAffordabilityrdquo as a concept is very generic and could have different meanings for different

people based on differences in income levels

Affordable housing refers to any housing that meets some form of affordability

criterion

Defining affordable housing in

India is a difficult task given that

at every square kilo-meter of the

country the dynamics of the

market are different

In the United States and

Canada a commonly acceptedguideline for affordable housing isthat the cost of housing should notbe more than 30 percent of ahouseholds gross income

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 14

AFFORDABLE HOUSING VS LOW COST HOUSING

Low-cost housing is generally meant for EWS category and comprises bare minimum housing

facilities while affordable housing is mostly meant for LIG and MIG and includes basic amenities

like schools hospitals and other community facilities and services

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 15

INDICATIVE SIZE amp POTENTIAL IN INDIA

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 16

DEMAND AND SUPPLY CONSTRAINTS

The demand drivers for affordable housing are as below

Urbanization

Rising income levels leading to a sizeable middle class segment Urbanization is an

ldquoindex of transformation from traditional rural 1 economies to modern industrial one rdquo

Its a product of demographic explosion and poverty induced rural-urban migration

This resulted in pressure on urban infrastructure and in an increase in the number of

homeless people living on the streets

As per the 2001 census the total urban homeless population was 7 78599 people

which would be much more currently given the inadequate availability of 2affordable

low-cost housing

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 17

THE DEMAND MODEL METHODOLOGY

The land market is fundamentally described by household choices of location and lot size The outcomes as in all economics arises from the interaction of demand (of household) and supply (of land parcel) Households are characterized by their income and preferences while land supply is characterized by quantity location and lot characteristics Household preferences can be represented by the price each household is willing to pay for each type

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 18

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 19

DEMAND SUPPLY DYNAMICS

bull Short Supply of residential dwellingsbull Supply shortfall existing since post

independencebull In 2005 estimated demand is 2095

million supply is 1897 Millionbull Demand ndash Supply gap is narrowing

bull Low supply of housing for low

income earners

bull As per 11th 5 year plan

- Shortage of 2471 million

dwellings

- Close to 99 of shortage in

EWS amp LIG segment

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 20

BIRTH AND MIGRATION

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 21

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 22

POPULATION AND HOUSING

PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLDS BY NUMBER OF ROOMS

OCCUPIED 1961 ndash 2001( in million )

No of Rooms

occupied 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001

One Room 531 50 458 396 351

Two Rooms 247 27 278 304 295

Three Rooms 103 114 122 148 171

Four or more

Rooms 111 114 121 147 159

No Exclusive

rooms 09 02 21 004 23

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

One Room Two Rooms Three

Rooms

Four or

more

Rooms

No

Exclusive

rooms

d

istr

ibut

ion

of h

ouse

hold

s

Approximate 50 of the households has two and three bed room dwelling units

Source Census of India 2001

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 23

Populatio

n

Residents

with

Buying

Power

Populatio

n under 20

Per

Capita

Income

GDP

Growth

Rate

Housing

Shortage

Estimate

1065

billion

300

million

58 $539 8 22 million

India Demographics Housing Shortage

Housing shortage at the beginning of 11th Five

Year Plan (142007)

2471 million

dwelling units

Additional Housing Requirement for the 11th

Plan ( 2007-2012)

182 million dwelling

units

Total housing requirement during 11th Plan

Period including the carried over housing shortage

2653 Million

dwelling units

TOTAL HOUSING SHORTAGE

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 24

CATEGORY VISE HOUSING SHORTAGE

Estimated Urban Housing Unit Shortage as on 142007

More than 99 shortage is for EWSLIG segments

Total 2471 m 10000EWS 2178 m 8814LIG 289 m 1169MIG amp HIG 004 m 016

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 25

28

46

618

Source Annual Report 2006-07 MoHUPA

Slum Population as age of total urban population is given in parenthesis

GROWTH OF SLUMS

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 26

The housing requirement for the Rs3-10 Lakh income group is approx206 million units by 2011translating to a market size of Rs3300billion or USD 66 billion

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 27

SUGGESTED PARAMETER FOR HOUSING

EWS LIG MIG

Size 300-600 sq ft carpet area Not exceeding 1200 sq ft

carpet area

Cost Not exceeding 4 times

household gross annual

income

Not exceeding 5 times

household gross annual

income

EMIRent Not exceeding 30 of gross

monthly income

Not exceeding 40 of gross

monthly income

AFFORDABLE HOUSING THE CONCEPT AND ISSUES

Difficult to adopt a lsquoone-size-fits-allrsquo concept

Government should undertake a separate exercise to estimate the number of

households falling under the lsquoaffordable housingrsquo category

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 28

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 29

NCR revealed a number of interesting facts during the household survey carriedout in order to ascertain the affordability of the various income groups at citylevel Table 6 depicts in detail the maximum affordable EMI of households invarious income levels This EMI has been estimated from the annual income ofhousehold and its spending and saving behaviour The maximum EMI has beentranslated into affordable house property value based on an assumed interestrate loan tenure and loan to value ratio The table also shows the capital valuesthat the households will have to pay keeping in view the preferred house size andthe affordable house property value An interesting point that was inferred fromthe survey results was that the income groups of Rs3-5 Lakh and Rs5-6 Lakhpreferred similar sized units for their housing needs Both the income categoriesexpressed the area of their residential units in the range of 700-800 sqftHowever while this allows the lower income group to purchase a property withan average price of Rs2300sqft the same enabled the higher income group ofRs5-6 lakh to opt for properties in the range of Rs2900-3650sqft MeanwhileNCR spanning a larger area with vast land parcels available for residentialdevelopment provides varied location options for the residents of the city tofulfill their housing needs The category of households with income of Rs6 lakhand above can afford residential units in select pockets of the newly developedzones in Gurgaon Noida as well as along NH-2 and NH-24 Though these locationssuit the budget preference of households they are located about 30 kms from theCBD area of Delhi ie Connaught Place For example residential locations inGurgaon and Noida are atleast 30 kms from the CBD Residential locations on NH24 Ghaziabad and NH 2 Faridabad are about 35 kms and 27 kms respectivelyfrom the CBD Meanwhile if households especially those in the income categoryof Rs3-5 Lakh are willing to compromise on unit

IDENTIFYING AFFORDABILITY

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 30

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 31

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 32

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 33

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 34

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 35

H

H

H

H

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 36

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 37

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 38

Objectives

bull To facilitate the incorporation of affordable housing in residential and mixed-use developments

bull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing in locations with easy accessto shops transport and government

and community servicesbull To ensure appropriate car parking provision for household requirementsbull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing through management and

ownership considerations

Diversity of affordable

housing

The affordable housingdevelopment provides

bull one two andor three-bedroom dwelling typesandor

bull apartments

Car parking

Car parking provision isappropriate for site location andhousehold requirements and isprovided on the site

Location of affordable

housing

Affordable housing is locatedclose to or has easy access toshops employment transportand government and communityservices

PROVISION AND LOCATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 39

Objectives

Integrating affordable housing

Affordable housing is integrated into new residential and mixed-usedevelopments where it is not a stand-alone development on its own site

Suggested responses

INTEGRATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 40Transforming Shelters-A journey of affordable Luxury

40

Objectives

bull To ensure site planning and related design responses facilitate good housingoutcomes

PrivacyDwellings are designed toacknowledge the differentrequirements for privacy andcontrol in the transition1) from public spaces2) through the privately controlledbut publicly visibleor semi-private shared space tothe dwelling entry and3) onto its private open space

Addressing public space

A dwelling adjacent to a streetor park addresses themfunctionally and visually (Onlarge sites communal openspaces are the equivalent of apublic park)

Privacy within the development

Development does notsignificantly reduce privacy anddaylight to private open spaces

Legibility of accessAccess to and sense of entry to adwelling fronting a street or aninternal path network is clearand unambiguous

SITE PLANNING OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 41

41

External circulationExternal pathways serving anindividual dwelling or multiples ofdwellings within a developmentare designed to suit the needs andvolume of intended occupantsand users

Carparking and streetpresentation

The street frontage of thedevelopment is not dominatedby car parking areas orstructures rubbish binenclosures and utility structures

Planting

Landscaping forms an integralcomponent of the designof the development

Territoriality

bull To aid the control of externalspaces by immediatelyadjacent households theterritorial boundaries of thesespaces are clearly delineated

bull Access by the general publicthrough the site is preventedand if this is unachievable thepath should be treated like apublic realm area

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 42

Objectives

bull To facilitate the provision of comfortable pleasant safe efficient and cost-effective accommodation for the intended occupants of affordable housing

bull To facilitate the incorporation of adaptable housing design principles inaffordable housing

All dwelling types are providedwith an appropriately located andfunctional arearsquos like

External entry areas

Internal entry areas

Livingdining areas

Kitchens

Bathrooms

Hallways

Bedrooms

Storage Area

Clothes Drying

Stairs and lifts( as per

NBC)

Open space

Security Adaptable housing

DESIGN OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 43

Every room intended for human habitation shall abut on aninterior or exterior open space or an open VERANDAH open tosuch interior or exterior open space

SKETCH FOR EXAMPLECONTRARY IMAGE FOUND IN SURVEY

For streets less than 75 m in width the distance of the building (building line) shall beat least 5 m from the centre line of the street

FRONT OPEN SPACES

OPEN SPACES WITHIN A PLOT

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 44

44

Residential and Commercial Zones

In any layout or sub-division of land measuring 03 hectare of

more in residential and commercial zones the community open

spaces shall be reserved for recreational purposes which shall as

far as possible be provided in one place or planned out for the

use of the community in clusters or pockets

The community open spaces shall be provided catering to the

needs of area of layout population for which the layout is

planned and the category of dwelling units The following

minimum provision shall be made

a) 15 percent of the area of the layout or

b) 03 to 04rsquo ha1 000 persons for low income housing the open

spaces shall be 03 ha1 000 persons

No recreational space shall generally be less than 450 sqm

the building line shall beat least 3 m away from the boundary of

recreational open space

Community open spaces and amenities

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 45

Width of Means of Access

The residential plots shall abut

on a public means of access

like street-oad Plots which do

not abut on a streethoad shall

abuthont on a means of access

the width and other

requirements of which shall be

as given in Table 1

In no case development on plots shall be permitted unless it is accessible by a public street of width not less than 6 m

MEANS OF ACCESS

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 46

In the case of special housing schemes for low income group

and economically weaker section of society developed up to two

storied row cluster housing scheme the pedestrian pathway

width shall be 3 m subject to provisions of 94l(a) The

pedestrian pathway shall not serve more than 8 plots on each

side of the pathway the length of the pathway shall be not more

than 50 m

No mention of plot sizehelliplarge plots sub-divided and the norm fails

Distance from Electric LinesNo VERANDAH balcony or the like shall be allowed to beerected or re-erected or any additions or alterations made to abuilding within the distances quoted below in accordance withthe current Indian Electricity Rules as amended from time-to-time between the building and any overhead electric supplyline

MEANS OF ACCESS-Cntd

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 47

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 48

Plot SizeThe minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75 percent shall not be less than 40 sqm in small and medium town and not less than 30 sqm in metropolitan cities Plot sizes below 30 sqm but not less than 15 sqm may be permitted in case of cluster planning however in such cases the ground coverage and FSI shall be 100 percent and 2 percent respectively

NOTES1 In exceptional cases in metropolitan cities with population more than 1 million the size of plots may be brought down to 25 sqm in cases of low income housing colonies located in congested areas as decided by the Authority In mega-cities it may be further reduced to 15 m2 In such cases where plot size is below 25 sqm only cluster planning or group housing may be adopted

2 A minimum of 25 percent of the plot size shall be left open without adversely affecting light and ventilation for habitable spaces and toilet It shall not be made mandatory to leave set back on any side

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 49

Vehicular AccessA right of way of at least 6 m width should be provided up to theentrance to the cluster to facilitate emergency vehicle movement up tocluster

DensityCluster planning methodologies result in higher densities with low risestructures With per dwelling unit covered area of 15 sqm densities of500 dwelling units per hectare (net) shall be permissible Densitieshigher than this should not allowed

Group ToiletCluster housing for economically weaker section families can havegroup toilets at the rate of one water closet one bath and a washingplace for three families

Size of RoomHabitable RoomEvery dwelling unit to be provided should have at least two habitable rooms Even if one room house is provided initially it should be capable of adding a new second room in future However in case single room tenements are required to be provided where future additions are not possible the carpet area of multipurpose single room should be at least 125 m2Such one room dwelling units with 125 m2 carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case of on site rehabilitation of slum dwellers In a house of two rooms first room shall not be less than 90 m2 with minimum width of 25 m and second room shall not be less than 65 m2 with minimum width of 21 m provided the total area of both the rooms is not less than 155 m2 In incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room

SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF CLUSTER PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 51

Life style

Affordability

Social Classification

Life style

SALARY CLASS

BUSINESS CLASS

BOTH WORKING

JOINT FAMILY

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52

Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi

Zone ndashF

a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)

LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53

The component method of design provides a broad frame work for

achieving the described life style objectives

HOUSING COMPONENT

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59

the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60

Desired outcomes Suggested responses

One two and three-bedroom

dwellings

One two and three-bedroom affordable

housing

dwelling types provide rooms of

sufficient dimensions to support the

safe comfortable and convenient use of

and movement around furniture

facilities and fittings needed by

householders

Studio apartments

Studio apartment rooms provide

adequate space for the function of

individual units including

bull sleeping living dining and kitchen

areas and

bull adequate bathroom laundry and

clothes dryingfacilities

Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table

Studio apartments generally conform to a

minimum

gross floor area of 30m2

The room sizes generally conform to the

following table

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61

Afordability Survey and Analysis

Category

Sample

Income group

Current status

Current Facilities Wishlist

Affordable EMI Analysis

Low

Inco

me

Gro

up

case

-1

A small 2BHK unit

of approx

35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs

lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)

4000

Rentedcommon washrooms

separate washroom

1500 PM no privacy Privacy

Mid

dle

Cla

ss

case

-1

10000-35000

Single 2BHK Family 2bhk

A Good 23BHK unit of approx

100 sqyard in range of

18-25 lacs

Rented Good location 7000

11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry

Bigger balcony

More natural light

Bigger Bedrooms

Good storage Space

case

-2

10000-35000

Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms

RentedBigger living area

7000 PM Good height 10000

Minimum shafts

small kitchenlaundry

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62

EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT

AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1

Category - EWS

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR

CASE -2

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35

CASE -3

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE

5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25

35

40

25

30

1060

30

1060

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63

63

AREA -DAYANAND COLONY

CASE -1

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

1010

30

50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65

GENERAL PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68

NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69

SPACE RELATIONSHIP

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71

Approach for investigating

affordable housing

Knowledge about future

house

Knowledge about present

house

Knowledge about Family

Payment Method

Preferred Area

PreferredLocation

Affordability

TypologicalPreferences

SpacePreferences

Location winNeighborhood

AdvantagesDis

Home TypeOwnershipStatus

Location

NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces

Degree ofSatisfaction

Income level

No of Family Members

EducationalLevel

(husbandwife)

Work Sector

No of Cars

Domestic Labor

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

72

AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

10

10

30

50

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

73

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

74

Conclusion

While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are

increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as

televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While

we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an

auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living

in a slum-like dwelling

It is understandable that economic

growth leads to rise in income but this

has led to even faster rise in property

prices leaving it unaffordable for majority

of population Affordable housing is

expected to have a positive by improving

basic quality of life Problems like traffic

congestion air quality commute times

etc can be resolved by providing proper

housing facilities to the weaker sections

of the society While the concept of

affordable housing seems to be a simple

solution to current housing woes its

execution remains complicated due to the

unclear policy framework To make

affordable housing work in India it would

require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by

slightly adjusting their interests towards a

wider social cause

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

75

Land use planning and

development

The project of the poor

Development standards

Land supply

Land value

Land affordability

Subdivision

Land market

Allocation

Demand

Intervention rationale

Neo liberalism

Site and Service

Subdivision

Land policy

Efficiency and equity

Land management

Direct intervention world

bank

Learning by doing

Site and service

subdivision

Poverty alleviation

Suitability and

acceptability

Affordability standards

subdivision

Intervention usually takes three broad categories

bull planning regulations

bull direct government investments and

bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation

Land management improvements

Example Land Readjustment

direct public investment

Example land banking

Example Site-and-Service

OBJECTIVES

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at

1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on

rental or ownership basis

2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter

options especially to the vulnerable groups

and the poor

3 Ensuring that housing along with the

supporting services is treated as a priority and

at par with infrastructure sector

4 Removing barriers related to legal financial

and administrative for facilitating access to

land finance and technology

5 Forging strong partnership between private

public and cooperative sectors to enhance the

capacity of the construction industry to

participate in every sphere of housing and

habitat

6 Using technology for modernizing the

housing sector to increase efficiency

productivity energy efficiency and quality

7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions

and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for

adding to the housing stock

THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including

formulation of effective

foreclosure laws

bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of

resources to the

housing and infrastructure sector

bull Develop a debt market for housing and

infrastructure fully integrated

with the financial markets in the country

bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the

requirement of low cost funds

for the housing needs of the poor

bull Promote research and development and transfer of

technology for

construction of houses

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available

resources to promote development and growth in a

sustained manner

bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing

infrastructure innovative and energy saving

construction materials and methods and also set up

a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the

concessions are correctly targeted and utilized

bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological

standards to protect the environment and provide a

better quality of life in human settlements

bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage

market

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD

1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a

boost to housing and supporting infrastructure

2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in

undertaking housing construction for all segments in

urban and rural areas

3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to

land

4 Facilitate training of construction workers by

converging other development programs through

building centers and other agencies

5 Promote decentralized production and availability of

building material

6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their

responsibilities in regulatory and development

functions

THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare

District Housing Action Plans for rural areas

2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and

augment supply of land for housing particularly

for the vulnerable group

3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural

infrastructure services

4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for

planned development

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE

COMPANIES WOULD

1 Redefine their role and move away from their

traditional approach to housing finance

2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the

needs of people

3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to

those who are in dire need of housing finance

support

4 Mobilize resources from provident funds

insurance funds mutual funds etc For house

building activities

5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize

domestic savings

HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS

DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND

OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role

for facilitating land assembly and development of

infrastructure

2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and

cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient

manner

3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement

THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND

CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD

1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of

houses and development of amenities

2 Forge partnership with state governments and local

authorities for construction of houses

3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out

schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization

basis

RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

ORGANIZATIONS WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw

materials

2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace

them with renewable resources

3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by

various public and private construction agencies

4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and

construction methods

5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the

housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste

based energy

6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new

constructions as well as strengthening of existing

houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and

human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes

cyclones and floods

7 Disseminate (spread) information about new

technologies and provide training to construction

workers in the use of new technologies

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

84

Role of PPP in Affordable Housing

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

85

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

86

JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance

No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million

No of Houses under Progress 0265 million

Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores

(BSUP+IHSDP)

997

achieved

Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of

Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline

Target of 27 cities

27 cities

achieved

Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of

developed land for EWSLIG Timeline

Target of 16 cities

16 cities

achieved

The JNNURM Initiative

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

87

i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP

ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath

iii Vector-free housing layout

iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces

v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and

vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness

Inclusive Planning amp Architecture

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

88

Recommendations

bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100

ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households

ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs

ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment

ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure

ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by

ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and

conversion of agricultural lands for urban use

ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for

making a proper assessment of land

requirements and allocation of such lands for

different uses

ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

89

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

90

Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

91

Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels

Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

92

SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66

References

Inferences

Books

Internet

Case Studies

Library references

bullNational Building Codes

bullGreen Households Domestic consumers

environment and sustainability

bullSustainable design practice

bullModern architecture

bullGaia House Design

bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy

Charles chorea and Raj

Reval

bullIntach library

Net references

bullWikipediacom

bullGooglecoin

bullDDA website

bullWHO living

standards

Case studies

bullResidences in old

Delhi

bullOther

contemporary

houses in

surrounding

houses

References

Page 10: Dessertation ii sem [autosaved]

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 10

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 11

INTRODUCTION

Dwelling is one of the basic need of human from ancient time till date Demand and

affordability has defined the boundaries of various classes existing in society The measure

guiding factor is affordability as per day to day demands Living styles status or requirements

demand may be anything but affordability makes the things available There is no limit on

demands but affordability puts a stop mark on that

With the raise in scale of construction residential demands scales up to social demands amp

responsibilities towards societies such as open spaces wide streets low rise and high rise

buildings as per density plan and so on Here comes the bye laws which governs this individual

residential construction of buildings in such a way that once all are erected these results into a

good evenly distributed society

Demand

space to

rest and

sleep

plu

s space to

coo

k

plu

s space to

bath

plu

s space fo

r lavatory

plu

s space to

din

e

plu

s leasure sp

ace

plu

s space fo

r parkin

g

plu

s ou

tdo

or leasu

re space

clas

s

But these byelaws may need amendments as

per changing demand and construction

patterns to satisfy the contemporary culture

This study aims all these factors amp tries to

analyse existing laws supporting them and to

highlight those which needs to be changed

For example need of 200thk slab is reduced

to 150 mm thick and similar others

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 12

The real estate world has changed significantly after the global financial meltdown caused

by defaults on sub-prime loans in US India was no exception and the real estate market

witnessed a contraction in both volume and value Real estate developers were gripped

with the liquidity crisis and were forced to change the ways of doing business Downturn

and liquidity crunch forced developers to adopt a two pronged strategy ndash

smaller units at lesser prices

In this study I have attempted to define

Affordable Housing by using three key

parameters viz

bull income level

bull size of dwelling unit and

bull affordability

While I have assessed the demand and supply

constrains I have also highlighted the

initiatives taken by key stakeholders and their

perspective concerns

INDIA ndashGDP GROWTH

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 13

AFFORDABLE HOUSING ndashDEFINITION

Defining Affordable Housing

ldquoAffordabilityrdquo as a concept is very generic and could have different meanings for different

people based on differences in income levels

Affordable housing refers to any housing that meets some form of affordability

criterion

Defining affordable housing in

India is a difficult task given that

at every square kilo-meter of the

country the dynamics of the

market are different

In the United States and

Canada a commonly acceptedguideline for affordable housing isthat the cost of housing should notbe more than 30 percent of ahouseholds gross income

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 14

AFFORDABLE HOUSING VS LOW COST HOUSING

Low-cost housing is generally meant for EWS category and comprises bare minimum housing

facilities while affordable housing is mostly meant for LIG and MIG and includes basic amenities

like schools hospitals and other community facilities and services

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 15

INDICATIVE SIZE amp POTENTIAL IN INDIA

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 16

DEMAND AND SUPPLY CONSTRAINTS

The demand drivers for affordable housing are as below

Urbanization

Rising income levels leading to a sizeable middle class segment Urbanization is an

ldquoindex of transformation from traditional rural 1 economies to modern industrial one rdquo

Its a product of demographic explosion and poverty induced rural-urban migration

This resulted in pressure on urban infrastructure and in an increase in the number of

homeless people living on the streets

As per the 2001 census the total urban homeless population was 7 78599 people

which would be much more currently given the inadequate availability of 2affordable

low-cost housing

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 17

THE DEMAND MODEL METHODOLOGY

The land market is fundamentally described by household choices of location and lot size The outcomes as in all economics arises from the interaction of demand (of household) and supply (of land parcel) Households are characterized by their income and preferences while land supply is characterized by quantity location and lot characteristics Household preferences can be represented by the price each household is willing to pay for each type

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 18

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 19

DEMAND SUPPLY DYNAMICS

bull Short Supply of residential dwellingsbull Supply shortfall existing since post

independencebull In 2005 estimated demand is 2095

million supply is 1897 Millionbull Demand ndash Supply gap is narrowing

bull Low supply of housing for low

income earners

bull As per 11th 5 year plan

- Shortage of 2471 million

dwellings

- Close to 99 of shortage in

EWS amp LIG segment

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 20

BIRTH AND MIGRATION

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 21

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 22

POPULATION AND HOUSING

PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLDS BY NUMBER OF ROOMS

OCCUPIED 1961 ndash 2001( in million )

No of Rooms

occupied 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001

One Room 531 50 458 396 351

Two Rooms 247 27 278 304 295

Three Rooms 103 114 122 148 171

Four or more

Rooms 111 114 121 147 159

No Exclusive

rooms 09 02 21 004 23

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

One Room Two Rooms Three

Rooms

Four or

more

Rooms

No

Exclusive

rooms

d

istr

ibut

ion

of h

ouse

hold

s

Approximate 50 of the households has two and three bed room dwelling units

Source Census of India 2001

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 23

Populatio

n

Residents

with

Buying

Power

Populatio

n under 20

Per

Capita

Income

GDP

Growth

Rate

Housing

Shortage

Estimate

1065

billion

300

million

58 $539 8 22 million

India Demographics Housing Shortage

Housing shortage at the beginning of 11th Five

Year Plan (142007)

2471 million

dwelling units

Additional Housing Requirement for the 11th

Plan ( 2007-2012)

182 million dwelling

units

Total housing requirement during 11th Plan

Period including the carried over housing shortage

2653 Million

dwelling units

TOTAL HOUSING SHORTAGE

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 24

CATEGORY VISE HOUSING SHORTAGE

Estimated Urban Housing Unit Shortage as on 142007

More than 99 shortage is for EWSLIG segments

Total 2471 m 10000EWS 2178 m 8814LIG 289 m 1169MIG amp HIG 004 m 016

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 25

28

46

618

Source Annual Report 2006-07 MoHUPA

Slum Population as age of total urban population is given in parenthesis

GROWTH OF SLUMS

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 26

The housing requirement for the Rs3-10 Lakh income group is approx206 million units by 2011translating to a market size of Rs3300billion or USD 66 billion

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 27

SUGGESTED PARAMETER FOR HOUSING

EWS LIG MIG

Size 300-600 sq ft carpet area Not exceeding 1200 sq ft

carpet area

Cost Not exceeding 4 times

household gross annual

income

Not exceeding 5 times

household gross annual

income

EMIRent Not exceeding 30 of gross

monthly income

Not exceeding 40 of gross

monthly income

AFFORDABLE HOUSING THE CONCEPT AND ISSUES

Difficult to adopt a lsquoone-size-fits-allrsquo concept

Government should undertake a separate exercise to estimate the number of

households falling under the lsquoaffordable housingrsquo category

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 28

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 29

NCR revealed a number of interesting facts during the household survey carriedout in order to ascertain the affordability of the various income groups at citylevel Table 6 depicts in detail the maximum affordable EMI of households invarious income levels This EMI has been estimated from the annual income ofhousehold and its spending and saving behaviour The maximum EMI has beentranslated into affordable house property value based on an assumed interestrate loan tenure and loan to value ratio The table also shows the capital valuesthat the households will have to pay keeping in view the preferred house size andthe affordable house property value An interesting point that was inferred fromthe survey results was that the income groups of Rs3-5 Lakh and Rs5-6 Lakhpreferred similar sized units for their housing needs Both the income categoriesexpressed the area of their residential units in the range of 700-800 sqftHowever while this allows the lower income group to purchase a property withan average price of Rs2300sqft the same enabled the higher income group ofRs5-6 lakh to opt for properties in the range of Rs2900-3650sqft MeanwhileNCR spanning a larger area with vast land parcels available for residentialdevelopment provides varied location options for the residents of the city tofulfill their housing needs The category of households with income of Rs6 lakhand above can afford residential units in select pockets of the newly developedzones in Gurgaon Noida as well as along NH-2 and NH-24 Though these locationssuit the budget preference of households they are located about 30 kms from theCBD area of Delhi ie Connaught Place For example residential locations inGurgaon and Noida are atleast 30 kms from the CBD Residential locations on NH24 Ghaziabad and NH 2 Faridabad are about 35 kms and 27 kms respectivelyfrom the CBD Meanwhile if households especially those in the income categoryof Rs3-5 Lakh are willing to compromise on unit

IDENTIFYING AFFORDABILITY

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 30

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 31

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 32

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 33

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 34

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 35

H

H

H

H

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 36

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 37

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 38

Objectives

bull To facilitate the incorporation of affordable housing in residential and mixed-use developments

bull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing in locations with easy accessto shops transport and government

and community servicesbull To ensure appropriate car parking provision for household requirementsbull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing through management and

ownership considerations

Diversity of affordable

housing

The affordable housingdevelopment provides

bull one two andor three-bedroom dwelling typesandor

bull apartments

Car parking

Car parking provision isappropriate for site location andhousehold requirements and isprovided on the site

Location of affordable

housing

Affordable housing is locatedclose to or has easy access toshops employment transportand government and communityservices

PROVISION AND LOCATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 39

Objectives

Integrating affordable housing

Affordable housing is integrated into new residential and mixed-usedevelopments where it is not a stand-alone development on its own site

Suggested responses

INTEGRATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 40Transforming Shelters-A journey of affordable Luxury

40

Objectives

bull To ensure site planning and related design responses facilitate good housingoutcomes

PrivacyDwellings are designed toacknowledge the differentrequirements for privacy andcontrol in the transition1) from public spaces2) through the privately controlledbut publicly visibleor semi-private shared space tothe dwelling entry and3) onto its private open space

Addressing public space

A dwelling adjacent to a streetor park addresses themfunctionally and visually (Onlarge sites communal openspaces are the equivalent of apublic park)

Privacy within the development

Development does notsignificantly reduce privacy anddaylight to private open spaces

Legibility of accessAccess to and sense of entry to adwelling fronting a street or aninternal path network is clearand unambiguous

SITE PLANNING OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 41

41

External circulationExternal pathways serving anindividual dwelling or multiples ofdwellings within a developmentare designed to suit the needs andvolume of intended occupantsand users

Carparking and streetpresentation

The street frontage of thedevelopment is not dominatedby car parking areas orstructures rubbish binenclosures and utility structures

Planting

Landscaping forms an integralcomponent of the designof the development

Territoriality

bull To aid the control of externalspaces by immediatelyadjacent households theterritorial boundaries of thesespaces are clearly delineated

bull Access by the general publicthrough the site is preventedand if this is unachievable thepath should be treated like apublic realm area

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 42

Objectives

bull To facilitate the provision of comfortable pleasant safe efficient and cost-effective accommodation for the intended occupants of affordable housing

bull To facilitate the incorporation of adaptable housing design principles inaffordable housing

All dwelling types are providedwith an appropriately located andfunctional arearsquos like

External entry areas

Internal entry areas

Livingdining areas

Kitchens

Bathrooms

Hallways

Bedrooms

Storage Area

Clothes Drying

Stairs and lifts( as per

NBC)

Open space

Security Adaptable housing

DESIGN OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 43

Every room intended for human habitation shall abut on aninterior or exterior open space or an open VERANDAH open tosuch interior or exterior open space

SKETCH FOR EXAMPLECONTRARY IMAGE FOUND IN SURVEY

For streets less than 75 m in width the distance of the building (building line) shall beat least 5 m from the centre line of the street

FRONT OPEN SPACES

OPEN SPACES WITHIN A PLOT

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 44

44

Residential and Commercial Zones

In any layout or sub-division of land measuring 03 hectare of

more in residential and commercial zones the community open

spaces shall be reserved for recreational purposes which shall as

far as possible be provided in one place or planned out for the

use of the community in clusters or pockets

The community open spaces shall be provided catering to the

needs of area of layout population for which the layout is

planned and the category of dwelling units The following

minimum provision shall be made

a) 15 percent of the area of the layout or

b) 03 to 04rsquo ha1 000 persons for low income housing the open

spaces shall be 03 ha1 000 persons

No recreational space shall generally be less than 450 sqm

the building line shall beat least 3 m away from the boundary of

recreational open space

Community open spaces and amenities

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 45

Width of Means of Access

The residential plots shall abut

on a public means of access

like street-oad Plots which do

not abut on a streethoad shall

abuthont on a means of access

the width and other

requirements of which shall be

as given in Table 1

In no case development on plots shall be permitted unless it is accessible by a public street of width not less than 6 m

MEANS OF ACCESS

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 46

In the case of special housing schemes for low income group

and economically weaker section of society developed up to two

storied row cluster housing scheme the pedestrian pathway

width shall be 3 m subject to provisions of 94l(a) The

pedestrian pathway shall not serve more than 8 plots on each

side of the pathway the length of the pathway shall be not more

than 50 m

No mention of plot sizehelliplarge plots sub-divided and the norm fails

Distance from Electric LinesNo VERANDAH balcony or the like shall be allowed to beerected or re-erected or any additions or alterations made to abuilding within the distances quoted below in accordance withthe current Indian Electricity Rules as amended from time-to-time between the building and any overhead electric supplyline

MEANS OF ACCESS-Cntd

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 47

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 48

Plot SizeThe minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75 percent shall not be less than 40 sqm in small and medium town and not less than 30 sqm in metropolitan cities Plot sizes below 30 sqm but not less than 15 sqm may be permitted in case of cluster planning however in such cases the ground coverage and FSI shall be 100 percent and 2 percent respectively

NOTES1 In exceptional cases in metropolitan cities with population more than 1 million the size of plots may be brought down to 25 sqm in cases of low income housing colonies located in congested areas as decided by the Authority In mega-cities it may be further reduced to 15 m2 In such cases where plot size is below 25 sqm only cluster planning or group housing may be adopted

2 A minimum of 25 percent of the plot size shall be left open without adversely affecting light and ventilation for habitable spaces and toilet It shall not be made mandatory to leave set back on any side

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 49

Vehicular AccessA right of way of at least 6 m width should be provided up to theentrance to the cluster to facilitate emergency vehicle movement up tocluster

DensityCluster planning methodologies result in higher densities with low risestructures With per dwelling unit covered area of 15 sqm densities of500 dwelling units per hectare (net) shall be permissible Densitieshigher than this should not allowed

Group ToiletCluster housing for economically weaker section families can havegroup toilets at the rate of one water closet one bath and a washingplace for three families

Size of RoomHabitable RoomEvery dwelling unit to be provided should have at least two habitable rooms Even if one room house is provided initially it should be capable of adding a new second room in future However in case single room tenements are required to be provided where future additions are not possible the carpet area of multipurpose single room should be at least 125 m2Such one room dwelling units with 125 m2 carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case of on site rehabilitation of slum dwellers In a house of two rooms first room shall not be less than 90 m2 with minimum width of 25 m and second room shall not be less than 65 m2 with minimum width of 21 m provided the total area of both the rooms is not less than 155 m2 In incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room

SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF CLUSTER PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 51

Life style

Affordability

Social Classification

Life style

SALARY CLASS

BUSINESS CLASS

BOTH WORKING

JOINT FAMILY

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52

Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi

Zone ndashF

a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)

LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53

The component method of design provides a broad frame work for

achieving the described life style objectives

HOUSING COMPONENT

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59

the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60

Desired outcomes Suggested responses

One two and three-bedroom

dwellings

One two and three-bedroom affordable

housing

dwelling types provide rooms of

sufficient dimensions to support the

safe comfortable and convenient use of

and movement around furniture

facilities and fittings needed by

householders

Studio apartments

Studio apartment rooms provide

adequate space for the function of

individual units including

bull sleeping living dining and kitchen

areas and

bull adequate bathroom laundry and

clothes dryingfacilities

Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table

Studio apartments generally conform to a

minimum

gross floor area of 30m2

The room sizes generally conform to the

following table

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61

Afordability Survey and Analysis

Category

Sample

Income group

Current status

Current Facilities Wishlist

Affordable EMI Analysis

Low

Inco

me

Gro

up

case

-1

A small 2BHK unit

of approx

35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs

lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)

4000

Rentedcommon washrooms

separate washroom

1500 PM no privacy Privacy

Mid

dle

Cla

ss

case

-1

10000-35000

Single 2BHK Family 2bhk

A Good 23BHK unit of approx

100 sqyard in range of

18-25 lacs

Rented Good location 7000

11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry

Bigger balcony

More natural light

Bigger Bedrooms

Good storage Space

case

-2

10000-35000

Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms

RentedBigger living area

7000 PM Good height 10000

Minimum shafts

small kitchenlaundry

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62

EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT

AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1

Category - EWS

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR

CASE -2

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35

CASE -3

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE

5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25

35

40

25

30

1060

30

1060

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63

63

AREA -DAYANAND COLONY

CASE -1

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

1010

30

50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65

GENERAL PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68

NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69

SPACE RELATIONSHIP

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71

Approach for investigating

affordable housing

Knowledge about future

house

Knowledge about present

house

Knowledge about Family

Payment Method

Preferred Area

PreferredLocation

Affordability

TypologicalPreferences

SpacePreferences

Location winNeighborhood

AdvantagesDis

Home TypeOwnershipStatus

Location

NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces

Degree ofSatisfaction

Income level

No of Family Members

EducationalLevel

(husbandwife)

Work Sector

No of Cars

Domestic Labor

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

72

AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

10

10

30

50

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

73

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

74

Conclusion

While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are

increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as

televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While

we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an

auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living

in a slum-like dwelling

It is understandable that economic

growth leads to rise in income but this

has led to even faster rise in property

prices leaving it unaffordable for majority

of population Affordable housing is

expected to have a positive by improving

basic quality of life Problems like traffic

congestion air quality commute times

etc can be resolved by providing proper

housing facilities to the weaker sections

of the society While the concept of

affordable housing seems to be a simple

solution to current housing woes its

execution remains complicated due to the

unclear policy framework To make

affordable housing work in India it would

require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by

slightly adjusting their interests towards a

wider social cause

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

75

Land use planning and

development

The project of the poor

Development standards

Land supply

Land value

Land affordability

Subdivision

Land market

Allocation

Demand

Intervention rationale

Neo liberalism

Site and Service

Subdivision

Land policy

Efficiency and equity

Land management

Direct intervention world

bank

Learning by doing

Site and service

subdivision

Poverty alleviation

Suitability and

acceptability

Affordability standards

subdivision

Intervention usually takes three broad categories

bull planning regulations

bull direct government investments and

bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation

Land management improvements

Example Land Readjustment

direct public investment

Example land banking

Example Site-and-Service

OBJECTIVES

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at

1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on

rental or ownership basis

2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter

options especially to the vulnerable groups

and the poor

3 Ensuring that housing along with the

supporting services is treated as a priority and

at par with infrastructure sector

4 Removing barriers related to legal financial

and administrative for facilitating access to

land finance and technology

5 Forging strong partnership between private

public and cooperative sectors to enhance the

capacity of the construction industry to

participate in every sphere of housing and

habitat

6 Using technology for modernizing the

housing sector to increase efficiency

productivity energy efficiency and quality

7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions

and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for

adding to the housing stock

THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including

formulation of effective

foreclosure laws

bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of

resources to the

housing and infrastructure sector

bull Develop a debt market for housing and

infrastructure fully integrated

with the financial markets in the country

bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the

requirement of low cost funds

for the housing needs of the poor

bull Promote research and development and transfer of

technology for

construction of houses

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available

resources to promote development and growth in a

sustained manner

bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing

infrastructure innovative and energy saving

construction materials and methods and also set up

a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the

concessions are correctly targeted and utilized

bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological

standards to protect the environment and provide a

better quality of life in human settlements

bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage

market

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD

1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a

boost to housing and supporting infrastructure

2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in

undertaking housing construction for all segments in

urban and rural areas

3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to

land

4 Facilitate training of construction workers by

converging other development programs through

building centers and other agencies

5 Promote decentralized production and availability of

building material

6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their

responsibilities in regulatory and development

functions

THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare

District Housing Action Plans for rural areas

2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and

augment supply of land for housing particularly

for the vulnerable group

3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural

infrastructure services

4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for

planned development

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE

COMPANIES WOULD

1 Redefine their role and move away from their

traditional approach to housing finance

2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the

needs of people

3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to

those who are in dire need of housing finance

support

4 Mobilize resources from provident funds

insurance funds mutual funds etc For house

building activities

5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize

domestic savings

HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS

DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND

OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role

for facilitating land assembly and development of

infrastructure

2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and

cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient

manner

3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement

THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND

CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD

1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of

houses and development of amenities

2 Forge partnership with state governments and local

authorities for construction of houses

3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out

schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization

basis

RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

ORGANIZATIONS WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw

materials

2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace

them with renewable resources

3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by

various public and private construction agencies

4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and

construction methods

5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the

housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste

based energy

6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new

constructions as well as strengthening of existing

houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and

human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes

cyclones and floods

7 Disseminate (spread) information about new

technologies and provide training to construction

workers in the use of new technologies

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

84

Role of PPP in Affordable Housing

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

85

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

86

JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance

No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million

No of Houses under Progress 0265 million

Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores

(BSUP+IHSDP)

997

achieved

Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of

Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline

Target of 27 cities

27 cities

achieved

Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of

developed land for EWSLIG Timeline

Target of 16 cities

16 cities

achieved

The JNNURM Initiative

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

87

i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP

ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath

iii Vector-free housing layout

iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces

v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and

vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness

Inclusive Planning amp Architecture

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

88

Recommendations

bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100

ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households

ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs

ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment

ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure

ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by

ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and

conversion of agricultural lands for urban use

ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for

making a proper assessment of land

requirements and allocation of such lands for

different uses

ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

89

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

90

Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

91

Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels

Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

92

SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66

References

Inferences

Books

Internet

Case Studies

Library references

bullNational Building Codes

bullGreen Households Domestic consumers

environment and sustainability

bullSustainable design practice

bullModern architecture

bullGaia House Design

bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy

Charles chorea and Raj

Reval

bullIntach library

Net references

bullWikipediacom

bullGooglecoin

bullDDA website

bullWHO living

standards

Case studies

bullResidences in old

Delhi

bullOther

contemporary

houses in

surrounding

houses

References

Page 11: Dessertation ii sem [autosaved]

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 11

INTRODUCTION

Dwelling is one of the basic need of human from ancient time till date Demand and

affordability has defined the boundaries of various classes existing in society The measure

guiding factor is affordability as per day to day demands Living styles status or requirements

demand may be anything but affordability makes the things available There is no limit on

demands but affordability puts a stop mark on that

With the raise in scale of construction residential demands scales up to social demands amp

responsibilities towards societies such as open spaces wide streets low rise and high rise

buildings as per density plan and so on Here comes the bye laws which governs this individual

residential construction of buildings in such a way that once all are erected these results into a

good evenly distributed society

Demand

space to

rest and

sleep

plu

s space to

coo

k

plu

s space to

bath

plu

s space fo

r lavatory

plu

s space to

din

e

plu

s leasure sp

ace

plu

s space fo

r parkin

g

plu

s ou

tdo

or leasu

re space

clas

s

But these byelaws may need amendments as

per changing demand and construction

patterns to satisfy the contemporary culture

This study aims all these factors amp tries to

analyse existing laws supporting them and to

highlight those which needs to be changed

For example need of 200thk slab is reduced

to 150 mm thick and similar others

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 12

The real estate world has changed significantly after the global financial meltdown caused

by defaults on sub-prime loans in US India was no exception and the real estate market

witnessed a contraction in both volume and value Real estate developers were gripped

with the liquidity crisis and were forced to change the ways of doing business Downturn

and liquidity crunch forced developers to adopt a two pronged strategy ndash

smaller units at lesser prices

In this study I have attempted to define

Affordable Housing by using three key

parameters viz

bull income level

bull size of dwelling unit and

bull affordability

While I have assessed the demand and supply

constrains I have also highlighted the

initiatives taken by key stakeholders and their

perspective concerns

INDIA ndashGDP GROWTH

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 13

AFFORDABLE HOUSING ndashDEFINITION

Defining Affordable Housing

ldquoAffordabilityrdquo as a concept is very generic and could have different meanings for different

people based on differences in income levels

Affordable housing refers to any housing that meets some form of affordability

criterion

Defining affordable housing in

India is a difficult task given that

at every square kilo-meter of the

country the dynamics of the

market are different

In the United States and

Canada a commonly acceptedguideline for affordable housing isthat the cost of housing should notbe more than 30 percent of ahouseholds gross income

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 14

AFFORDABLE HOUSING VS LOW COST HOUSING

Low-cost housing is generally meant for EWS category and comprises bare minimum housing

facilities while affordable housing is mostly meant for LIG and MIG and includes basic amenities

like schools hospitals and other community facilities and services

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 15

INDICATIVE SIZE amp POTENTIAL IN INDIA

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 16

DEMAND AND SUPPLY CONSTRAINTS

The demand drivers for affordable housing are as below

Urbanization

Rising income levels leading to a sizeable middle class segment Urbanization is an

ldquoindex of transformation from traditional rural 1 economies to modern industrial one rdquo

Its a product of demographic explosion and poverty induced rural-urban migration

This resulted in pressure on urban infrastructure and in an increase in the number of

homeless people living on the streets

As per the 2001 census the total urban homeless population was 7 78599 people

which would be much more currently given the inadequate availability of 2affordable

low-cost housing

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 17

THE DEMAND MODEL METHODOLOGY

The land market is fundamentally described by household choices of location and lot size The outcomes as in all economics arises from the interaction of demand (of household) and supply (of land parcel) Households are characterized by their income and preferences while land supply is characterized by quantity location and lot characteristics Household preferences can be represented by the price each household is willing to pay for each type

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 18

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 19

DEMAND SUPPLY DYNAMICS

bull Short Supply of residential dwellingsbull Supply shortfall existing since post

independencebull In 2005 estimated demand is 2095

million supply is 1897 Millionbull Demand ndash Supply gap is narrowing

bull Low supply of housing for low

income earners

bull As per 11th 5 year plan

- Shortage of 2471 million

dwellings

- Close to 99 of shortage in

EWS amp LIG segment

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 20

BIRTH AND MIGRATION

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 21

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 22

POPULATION AND HOUSING

PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLDS BY NUMBER OF ROOMS

OCCUPIED 1961 ndash 2001( in million )

No of Rooms

occupied 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001

One Room 531 50 458 396 351

Two Rooms 247 27 278 304 295

Three Rooms 103 114 122 148 171

Four or more

Rooms 111 114 121 147 159

No Exclusive

rooms 09 02 21 004 23

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

One Room Two Rooms Three

Rooms

Four or

more

Rooms

No

Exclusive

rooms

d

istr

ibut

ion

of h

ouse

hold

s

Approximate 50 of the households has two and three bed room dwelling units

Source Census of India 2001

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 23

Populatio

n

Residents

with

Buying

Power

Populatio

n under 20

Per

Capita

Income

GDP

Growth

Rate

Housing

Shortage

Estimate

1065

billion

300

million

58 $539 8 22 million

India Demographics Housing Shortage

Housing shortage at the beginning of 11th Five

Year Plan (142007)

2471 million

dwelling units

Additional Housing Requirement for the 11th

Plan ( 2007-2012)

182 million dwelling

units

Total housing requirement during 11th Plan

Period including the carried over housing shortage

2653 Million

dwelling units

TOTAL HOUSING SHORTAGE

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 24

CATEGORY VISE HOUSING SHORTAGE

Estimated Urban Housing Unit Shortage as on 142007

More than 99 shortage is for EWSLIG segments

Total 2471 m 10000EWS 2178 m 8814LIG 289 m 1169MIG amp HIG 004 m 016

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 25

28

46

618

Source Annual Report 2006-07 MoHUPA

Slum Population as age of total urban population is given in parenthesis

GROWTH OF SLUMS

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 26

The housing requirement for the Rs3-10 Lakh income group is approx206 million units by 2011translating to a market size of Rs3300billion or USD 66 billion

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 27

SUGGESTED PARAMETER FOR HOUSING

EWS LIG MIG

Size 300-600 sq ft carpet area Not exceeding 1200 sq ft

carpet area

Cost Not exceeding 4 times

household gross annual

income

Not exceeding 5 times

household gross annual

income

EMIRent Not exceeding 30 of gross

monthly income

Not exceeding 40 of gross

monthly income

AFFORDABLE HOUSING THE CONCEPT AND ISSUES

Difficult to adopt a lsquoone-size-fits-allrsquo concept

Government should undertake a separate exercise to estimate the number of

households falling under the lsquoaffordable housingrsquo category

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 28

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 29

NCR revealed a number of interesting facts during the household survey carriedout in order to ascertain the affordability of the various income groups at citylevel Table 6 depicts in detail the maximum affordable EMI of households invarious income levels This EMI has been estimated from the annual income ofhousehold and its spending and saving behaviour The maximum EMI has beentranslated into affordable house property value based on an assumed interestrate loan tenure and loan to value ratio The table also shows the capital valuesthat the households will have to pay keeping in view the preferred house size andthe affordable house property value An interesting point that was inferred fromthe survey results was that the income groups of Rs3-5 Lakh and Rs5-6 Lakhpreferred similar sized units for their housing needs Both the income categoriesexpressed the area of their residential units in the range of 700-800 sqftHowever while this allows the lower income group to purchase a property withan average price of Rs2300sqft the same enabled the higher income group ofRs5-6 lakh to opt for properties in the range of Rs2900-3650sqft MeanwhileNCR spanning a larger area with vast land parcels available for residentialdevelopment provides varied location options for the residents of the city tofulfill their housing needs The category of households with income of Rs6 lakhand above can afford residential units in select pockets of the newly developedzones in Gurgaon Noida as well as along NH-2 and NH-24 Though these locationssuit the budget preference of households they are located about 30 kms from theCBD area of Delhi ie Connaught Place For example residential locations inGurgaon and Noida are atleast 30 kms from the CBD Residential locations on NH24 Ghaziabad and NH 2 Faridabad are about 35 kms and 27 kms respectivelyfrom the CBD Meanwhile if households especially those in the income categoryof Rs3-5 Lakh are willing to compromise on unit

IDENTIFYING AFFORDABILITY

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 30

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 31

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 32

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 33

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 34

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 35

H

H

H

H

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 36

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 37

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 38

Objectives

bull To facilitate the incorporation of affordable housing in residential and mixed-use developments

bull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing in locations with easy accessto shops transport and government

and community servicesbull To ensure appropriate car parking provision for household requirementsbull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing through management and

ownership considerations

Diversity of affordable

housing

The affordable housingdevelopment provides

bull one two andor three-bedroom dwelling typesandor

bull apartments

Car parking

Car parking provision isappropriate for site location andhousehold requirements and isprovided on the site

Location of affordable

housing

Affordable housing is locatedclose to or has easy access toshops employment transportand government and communityservices

PROVISION AND LOCATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 39

Objectives

Integrating affordable housing

Affordable housing is integrated into new residential and mixed-usedevelopments where it is not a stand-alone development on its own site

Suggested responses

INTEGRATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 40Transforming Shelters-A journey of affordable Luxury

40

Objectives

bull To ensure site planning and related design responses facilitate good housingoutcomes

PrivacyDwellings are designed toacknowledge the differentrequirements for privacy andcontrol in the transition1) from public spaces2) through the privately controlledbut publicly visibleor semi-private shared space tothe dwelling entry and3) onto its private open space

Addressing public space

A dwelling adjacent to a streetor park addresses themfunctionally and visually (Onlarge sites communal openspaces are the equivalent of apublic park)

Privacy within the development

Development does notsignificantly reduce privacy anddaylight to private open spaces

Legibility of accessAccess to and sense of entry to adwelling fronting a street or aninternal path network is clearand unambiguous

SITE PLANNING OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 41

41

External circulationExternal pathways serving anindividual dwelling or multiples ofdwellings within a developmentare designed to suit the needs andvolume of intended occupantsand users

Carparking and streetpresentation

The street frontage of thedevelopment is not dominatedby car parking areas orstructures rubbish binenclosures and utility structures

Planting

Landscaping forms an integralcomponent of the designof the development

Territoriality

bull To aid the control of externalspaces by immediatelyadjacent households theterritorial boundaries of thesespaces are clearly delineated

bull Access by the general publicthrough the site is preventedand if this is unachievable thepath should be treated like apublic realm area

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 42

Objectives

bull To facilitate the provision of comfortable pleasant safe efficient and cost-effective accommodation for the intended occupants of affordable housing

bull To facilitate the incorporation of adaptable housing design principles inaffordable housing

All dwelling types are providedwith an appropriately located andfunctional arearsquos like

External entry areas

Internal entry areas

Livingdining areas

Kitchens

Bathrooms

Hallways

Bedrooms

Storage Area

Clothes Drying

Stairs and lifts( as per

NBC)

Open space

Security Adaptable housing

DESIGN OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 43

Every room intended for human habitation shall abut on aninterior or exterior open space or an open VERANDAH open tosuch interior or exterior open space

SKETCH FOR EXAMPLECONTRARY IMAGE FOUND IN SURVEY

For streets less than 75 m in width the distance of the building (building line) shall beat least 5 m from the centre line of the street

FRONT OPEN SPACES

OPEN SPACES WITHIN A PLOT

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 44

44

Residential and Commercial Zones

In any layout or sub-division of land measuring 03 hectare of

more in residential and commercial zones the community open

spaces shall be reserved for recreational purposes which shall as

far as possible be provided in one place or planned out for the

use of the community in clusters or pockets

The community open spaces shall be provided catering to the

needs of area of layout population for which the layout is

planned and the category of dwelling units The following

minimum provision shall be made

a) 15 percent of the area of the layout or

b) 03 to 04rsquo ha1 000 persons for low income housing the open

spaces shall be 03 ha1 000 persons

No recreational space shall generally be less than 450 sqm

the building line shall beat least 3 m away from the boundary of

recreational open space

Community open spaces and amenities

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 45

Width of Means of Access

The residential plots shall abut

on a public means of access

like street-oad Plots which do

not abut on a streethoad shall

abuthont on a means of access

the width and other

requirements of which shall be

as given in Table 1

In no case development on plots shall be permitted unless it is accessible by a public street of width not less than 6 m

MEANS OF ACCESS

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 46

In the case of special housing schemes for low income group

and economically weaker section of society developed up to two

storied row cluster housing scheme the pedestrian pathway

width shall be 3 m subject to provisions of 94l(a) The

pedestrian pathway shall not serve more than 8 plots on each

side of the pathway the length of the pathway shall be not more

than 50 m

No mention of plot sizehelliplarge plots sub-divided and the norm fails

Distance from Electric LinesNo VERANDAH balcony or the like shall be allowed to beerected or re-erected or any additions or alterations made to abuilding within the distances quoted below in accordance withthe current Indian Electricity Rules as amended from time-to-time between the building and any overhead electric supplyline

MEANS OF ACCESS-Cntd

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 47

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 48

Plot SizeThe minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75 percent shall not be less than 40 sqm in small and medium town and not less than 30 sqm in metropolitan cities Plot sizes below 30 sqm but not less than 15 sqm may be permitted in case of cluster planning however in such cases the ground coverage and FSI shall be 100 percent and 2 percent respectively

NOTES1 In exceptional cases in metropolitan cities with population more than 1 million the size of plots may be brought down to 25 sqm in cases of low income housing colonies located in congested areas as decided by the Authority In mega-cities it may be further reduced to 15 m2 In such cases where plot size is below 25 sqm only cluster planning or group housing may be adopted

2 A minimum of 25 percent of the plot size shall be left open without adversely affecting light and ventilation for habitable spaces and toilet It shall not be made mandatory to leave set back on any side

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 49

Vehicular AccessA right of way of at least 6 m width should be provided up to theentrance to the cluster to facilitate emergency vehicle movement up tocluster

DensityCluster planning methodologies result in higher densities with low risestructures With per dwelling unit covered area of 15 sqm densities of500 dwelling units per hectare (net) shall be permissible Densitieshigher than this should not allowed

Group ToiletCluster housing for economically weaker section families can havegroup toilets at the rate of one water closet one bath and a washingplace for three families

Size of RoomHabitable RoomEvery dwelling unit to be provided should have at least two habitable rooms Even if one room house is provided initially it should be capable of adding a new second room in future However in case single room tenements are required to be provided where future additions are not possible the carpet area of multipurpose single room should be at least 125 m2Such one room dwelling units with 125 m2 carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case of on site rehabilitation of slum dwellers In a house of two rooms first room shall not be less than 90 m2 with minimum width of 25 m and second room shall not be less than 65 m2 with minimum width of 21 m provided the total area of both the rooms is not less than 155 m2 In incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room

SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF CLUSTER PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 51

Life style

Affordability

Social Classification

Life style

SALARY CLASS

BUSINESS CLASS

BOTH WORKING

JOINT FAMILY

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52

Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi

Zone ndashF

a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)

LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53

The component method of design provides a broad frame work for

achieving the described life style objectives

HOUSING COMPONENT

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59

the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60

Desired outcomes Suggested responses

One two and three-bedroom

dwellings

One two and three-bedroom affordable

housing

dwelling types provide rooms of

sufficient dimensions to support the

safe comfortable and convenient use of

and movement around furniture

facilities and fittings needed by

householders

Studio apartments

Studio apartment rooms provide

adequate space for the function of

individual units including

bull sleeping living dining and kitchen

areas and

bull adequate bathroom laundry and

clothes dryingfacilities

Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table

Studio apartments generally conform to a

minimum

gross floor area of 30m2

The room sizes generally conform to the

following table

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61

Afordability Survey and Analysis

Category

Sample

Income group

Current status

Current Facilities Wishlist

Affordable EMI Analysis

Low

Inco

me

Gro

up

case

-1

A small 2BHK unit

of approx

35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs

lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)

4000

Rentedcommon washrooms

separate washroom

1500 PM no privacy Privacy

Mid

dle

Cla

ss

case

-1

10000-35000

Single 2BHK Family 2bhk

A Good 23BHK unit of approx

100 sqyard in range of

18-25 lacs

Rented Good location 7000

11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry

Bigger balcony

More natural light

Bigger Bedrooms

Good storage Space

case

-2

10000-35000

Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms

RentedBigger living area

7000 PM Good height 10000

Minimum shafts

small kitchenlaundry

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62

EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT

AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1

Category - EWS

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR

CASE -2

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35

CASE -3

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE

5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25

35

40

25

30

1060

30

1060

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63

63

AREA -DAYANAND COLONY

CASE -1

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

1010

30

50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65

GENERAL PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68

NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69

SPACE RELATIONSHIP

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71

Approach for investigating

affordable housing

Knowledge about future

house

Knowledge about present

house

Knowledge about Family

Payment Method

Preferred Area

PreferredLocation

Affordability

TypologicalPreferences

SpacePreferences

Location winNeighborhood

AdvantagesDis

Home TypeOwnershipStatus

Location

NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces

Degree ofSatisfaction

Income level

No of Family Members

EducationalLevel

(husbandwife)

Work Sector

No of Cars

Domestic Labor

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

72

AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

10

10

30

50

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

73

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

74

Conclusion

While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are

increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as

televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While

we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an

auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living

in a slum-like dwelling

It is understandable that economic

growth leads to rise in income but this

has led to even faster rise in property

prices leaving it unaffordable for majority

of population Affordable housing is

expected to have a positive by improving

basic quality of life Problems like traffic

congestion air quality commute times

etc can be resolved by providing proper

housing facilities to the weaker sections

of the society While the concept of

affordable housing seems to be a simple

solution to current housing woes its

execution remains complicated due to the

unclear policy framework To make

affordable housing work in India it would

require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by

slightly adjusting their interests towards a

wider social cause

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

75

Land use planning and

development

The project of the poor

Development standards

Land supply

Land value

Land affordability

Subdivision

Land market

Allocation

Demand

Intervention rationale

Neo liberalism

Site and Service

Subdivision

Land policy

Efficiency and equity

Land management

Direct intervention world

bank

Learning by doing

Site and service

subdivision

Poverty alleviation

Suitability and

acceptability

Affordability standards

subdivision

Intervention usually takes three broad categories

bull planning regulations

bull direct government investments and

bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation

Land management improvements

Example Land Readjustment

direct public investment

Example land banking

Example Site-and-Service

OBJECTIVES

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at

1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on

rental or ownership basis

2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter

options especially to the vulnerable groups

and the poor

3 Ensuring that housing along with the

supporting services is treated as a priority and

at par with infrastructure sector

4 Removing barriers related to legal financial

and administrative for facilitating access to

land finance and technology

5 Forging strong partnership between private

public and cooperative sectors to enhance the

capacity of the construction industry to

participate in every sphere of housing and

habitat

6 Using technology for modernizing the

housing sector to increase efficiency

productivity energy efficiency and quality

7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions

and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for

adding to the housing stock

THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including

formulation of effective

foreclosure laws

bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of

resources to the

housing and infrastructure sector

bull Develop a debt market for housing and

infrastructure fully integrated

with the financial markets in the country

bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the

requirement of low cost funds

for the housing needs of the poor

bull Promote research and development and transfer of

technology for

construction of houses

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available

resources to promote development and growth in a

sustained manner

bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing

infrastructure innovative and energy saving

construction materials and methods and also set up

a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the

concessions are correctly targeted and utilized

bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological

standards to protect the environment and provide a

better quality of life in human settlements

bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage

market

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD

1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a

boost to housing and supporting infrastructure

2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in

undertaking housing construction for all segments in

urban and rural areas

3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to

land

4 Facilitate training of construction workers by

converging other development programs through

building centers and other agencies

5 Promote decentralized production and availability of

building material

6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their

responsibilities in regulatory and development

functions

THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare

District Housing Action Plans for rural areas

2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and

augment supply of land for housing particularly

for the vulnerable group

3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural

infrastructure services

4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for

planned development

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE

COMPANIES WOULD

1 Redefine their role and move away from their

traditional approach to housing finance

2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the

needs of people

3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to

those who are in dire need of housing finance

support

4 Mobilize resources from provident funds

insurance funds mutual funds etc For house

building activities

5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize

domestic savings

HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS

DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND

OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role

for facilitating land assembly and development of

infrastructure

2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and

cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient

manner

3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement

THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND

CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD

1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of

houses and development of amenities

2 Forge partnership with state governments and local

authorities for construction of houses

3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out

schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization

basis

RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

ORGANIZATIONS WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw

materials

2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace

them with renewable resources

3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by

various public and private construction agencies

4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and

construction methods

5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the

housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste

based energy

6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new

constructions as well as strengthening of existing

houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and

human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes

cyclones and floods

7 Disseminate (spread) information about new

technologies and provide training to construction

workers in the use of new technologies

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

84

Role of PPP in Affordable Housing

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

85

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

86

JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance

No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million

No of Houses under Progress 0265 million

Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores

(BSUP+IHSDP)

997

achieved

Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of

Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline

Target of 27 cities

27 cities

achieved

Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of

developed land for EWSLIG Timeline

Target of 16 cities

16 cities

achieved

The JNNURM Initiative

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

87

i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP

ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath

iii Vector-free housing layout

iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces

v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and

vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness

Inclusive Planning amp Architecture

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

88

Recommendations

bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100

ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households

ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs

ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment

ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure

ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by

ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and

conversion of agricultural lands for urban use

ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for

making a proper assessment of land

requirements and allocation of such lands for

different uses

ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

89

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

90

Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

91

Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels

Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

92

SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66

References

Inferences

Books

Internet

Case Studies

Library references

bullNational Building Codes

bullGreen Households Domestic consumers

environment and sustainability

bullSustainable design practice

bullModern architecture

bullGaia House Design

bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy

Charles chorea and Raj

Reval

bullIntach library

Net references

bullWikipediacom

bullGooglecoin

bullDDA website

bullWHO living

standards

Case studies

bullResidences in old

Delhi

bullOther

contemporary

houses in

surrounding

houses

References

Page 12: Dessertation ii sem [autosaved]

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 12

The real estate world has changed significantly after the global financial meltdown caused

by defaults on sub-prime loans in US India was no exception and the real estate market

witnessed a contraction in both volume and value Real estate developers were gripped

with the liquidity crisis and were forced to change the ways of doing business Downturn

and liquidity crunch forced developers to adopt a two pronged strategy ndash

smaller units at lesser prices

In this study I have attempted to define

Affordable Housing by using three key

parameters viz

bull income level

bull size of dwelling unit and

bull affordability

While I have assessed the demand and supply

constrains I have also highlighted the

initiatives taken by key stakeholders and their

perspective concerns

INDIA ndashGDP GROWTH

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 13

AFFORDABLE HOUSING ndashDEFINITION

Defining Affordable Housing

ldquoAffordabilityrdquo as a concept is very generic and could have different meanings for different

people based on differences in income levels

Affordable housing refers to any housing that meets some form of affordability

criterion

Defining affordable housing in

India is a difficult task given that

at every square kilo-meter of the

country the dynamics of the

market are different

In the United States and

Canada a commonly acceptedguideline for affordable housing isthat the cost of housing should notbe more than 30 percent of ahouseholds gross income

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 14

AFFORDABLE HOUSING VS LOW COST HOUSING

Low-cost housing is generally meant for EWS category and comprises bare minimum housing

facilities while affordable housing is mostly meant for LIG and MIG and includes basic amenities

like schools hospitals and other community facilities and services

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 15

INDICATIVE SIZE amp POTENTIAL IN INDIA

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 16

DEMAND AND SUPPLY CONSTRAINTS

The demand drivers for affordable housing are as below

Urbanization

Rising income levels leading to a sizeable middle class segment Urbanization is an

ldquoindex of transformation from traditional rural 1 economies to modern industrial one rdquo

Its a product of demographic explosion and poverty induced rural-urban migration

This resulted in pressure on urban infrastructure and in an increase in the number of

homeless people living on the streets

As per the 2001 census the total urban homeless population was 7 78599 people

which would be much more currently given the inadequate availability of 2affordable

low-cost housing

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 17

THE DEMAND MODEL METHODOLOGY

The land market is fundamentally described by household choices of location and lot size The outcomes as in all economics arises from the interaction of demand (of household) and supply (of land parcel) Households are characterized by their income and preferences while land supply is characterized by quantity location and lot characteristics Household preferences can be represented by the price each household is willing to pay for each type

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 18

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 19

DEMAND SUPPLY DYNAMICS

bull Short Supply of residential dwellingsbull Supply shortfall existing since post

independencebull In 2005 estimated demand is 2095

million supply is 1897 Millionbull Demand ndash Supply gap is narrowing

bull Low supply of housing for low

income earners

bull As per 11th 5 year plan

- Shortage of 2471 million

dwellings

- Close to 99 of shortage in

EWS amp LIG segment

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 20

BIRTH AND MIGRATION

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 21

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 22

POPULATION AND HOUSING

PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLDS BY NUMBER OF ROOMS

OCCUPIED 1961 ndash 2001( in million )

No of Rooms

occupied 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001

One Room 531 50 458 396 351

Two Rooms 247 27 278 304 295

Three Rooms 103 114 122 148 171

Four or more

Rooms 111 114 121 147 159

No Exclusive

rooms 09 02 21 004 23

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

One Room Two Rooms Three

Rooms

Four or

more

Rooms

No

Exclusive

rooms

d

istr

ibut

ion

of h

ouse

hold

s

Approximate 50 of the households has two and three bed room dwelling units

Source Census of India 2001

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 23

Populatio

n

Residents

with

Buying

Power

Populatio

n under 20

Per

Capita

Income

GDP

Growth

Rate

Housing

Shortage

Estimate

1065

billion

300

million

58 $539 8 22 million

India Demographics Housing Shortage

Housing shortage at the beginning of 11th Five

Year Plan (142007)

2471 million

dwelling units

Additional Housing Requirement for the 11th

Plan ( 2007-2012)

182 million dwelling

units

Total housing requirement during 11th Plan

Period including the carried over housing shortage

2653 Million

dwelling units

TOTAL HOUSING SHORTAGE

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 24

CATEGORY VISE HOUSING SHORTAGE

Estimated Urban Housing Unit Shortage as on 142007

More than 99 shortage is for EWSLIG segments

Total 2471 m 10000EWS 2178 m 8814LIG 289 m 1169MIG amp HIG 004 m 016

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 25

28

46

618

Source Annual Report 2006-07 MoHUPA

Slum Population as age of total urban population is given in parenthesis

GROWTH OF SLUMS

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 26

The housing requirement for the Rs3-10 Lakh income group is approx206 million units by 2011translating to a market size of Rs3300billion or USD 66 billion

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 27

SUGGESTED PARAMETER FOR HOUSING

EWS LIG MIG

Size 300-600 sq ft carpet area Not exceeding 1200 sq ft

carpet area

Cost Not exceeding 4 times

household gross annual

income

Not exceeding 5 times

household gross annual

income

EMIRent Not exceeding 30 of gross

monthly income

Not exceeding 40 of gross

monthly income

AFFORDABLE HOUSING THE CONCEPT AND ISSUES

Difficult to adopt a lsquoone-size-fits-allrsquo concept

Government should undertake a separate exercise to estimate the number of

households falling under the lsquoaffordable housingrsquo category

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 28

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 29

NCR revealed a number of interesting facts during the household survey carriedout in order to ascertain the affordability of the various income groups at citylevel Table 6 depicts in detail the maximum affordable EMI of households invarious income levels This EMI has been estimated from the annual income ofhousehold and its spending and saving behaviour The maximum EMI has beentranslated into affordable house property value based on an assumed interestrate loan tenure and loan to value ratio The table also shows the capital valuesthat the households will have to pay keeping in view the preferred house size andthe affordable house property value An interesting point that was inferred fromthe survey results was that the income groups of Rs3-5 Lakh and Rs5-6 Lakhpreferred similar sized units for their housing needs Both the income categoriesexpressed the area of their residential units in the range of 700-800 sqftHowever while this allows the lower income group to purchase a property withan average price of Rs2300sqft the same enabled the higher income group ofRs5-6 lakh to opt for properties in the range of Rs2900-3650sqft MeanwhileNCR spanning a larger area with vast land parcels available for residentialdevelopment provides varied location options for the residents of the city tofulfill their housing needs The category of households with income of Rs6 lakhand above can afford residential units in select pockets of the newly developedzones in Gurgaon Noida as well as along NH-2 and NH-24 Though these locationssuit the budget preference of households they are located about 30 kms from theCBD area of Delhi ie Connaught Place For example residential locations inGurgaon and Noida are atleast 30 kms from the CBD Residential locations on NH24 Ghaziabad and NH 2 Faridabad are about 35 kms and 27 kms respectivelyfrom the CBD Meanwhile if households especially those in the income categoryof Rs3-5 Lakh are willing to compromise on unit

IDENTIFYING AFFORDABILITY

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 30

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 31

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 32

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 33

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 34

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 35

H

H

H

H

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 36

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 37

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 38

Objectives

bull To facilitate the incorporation of affordable housing in residential and mixed-use developments

bull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing in locations with easy accessto shops transport and government

and community servicesbull To ensure appropriate car parking provision for household requirementsbull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing through management and

ownership considerations

Diversity of affordable

housing

The affordable housingdevelopment provides

bull one two andor three-bedroom dwelling typesandor

bull apartments

Car parking

Car parking provision isappropriate for site location andhousehold requirements and isprovided on the site

Location of affordable

housing

Affordable housing is locatedclose to or has easy access toshops employment transportand government and communityservices

PROVISION AND LOCATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 39

Objectives

Integrating affordable housing

Affordable housing is integrated into new residential and mixed-usedevelopments where it is not a stand-alone development on its own site

Suggested responses

INTEGRATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 40Transforming Shelters-A journey of affordable Luxury

40

Objectives

bull To ensure site planning and related design responses facilitate good housingoutcomes

PrivacyDwellings are designed toacknowledge the differentrequirements for privacy andcontrol in the transition1) from public spaces2) through the privately controlledbut publicly visibleor semi-private shared space tothe dwelling entry and3) onto its private open space

Addressing public space

A dwelling adjacent to a streetor park addresses themfunctionally and visually (Onlarge sites communal openspaces are the equivalent of apublic park)

Privacy within the development

Development does notsignificantly reduce privacy anddaylight to private open spaces

Legibility of accessAccess to and sense of entry to adwelling fronting a street or aninternal path network is clearand unambiguous

SITE PLANNING OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 41

41

External circulationExternal pathways serving anindividual dwelling or multiples ofdwellings within a developmentare designed to suit the needs andvolume of intended occupantsand users

Carparking and streetpresentation

The street frontage of thedevelopment is not dominatedby car parking areas orstructures rubbish binenclosures and utility structures

Planting

Landscaping forms an integralcomponent of the designof the development

Territoriality

bull To aid the control of externalspaces by immediatelyadjacent households theterritorial boundaries of thesespaces are clearly delineated

bull Access by the general publicthrough the site is preventedand if this is unachievable thepath should be treated like apublic realm area

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 42

Objectives

bull To facilitate the provision of comfortable pleasant safe efficient and cost-effective accommodation for the intended occupants of affordable housing

bull To facilitate the incorporation of adaptable housing design principles inaffordable housing

All dwelling types are providedwith an appropriately located andfunctional arearsquos like

External entry areas

Internal entry areas

Livingdining areas

Kitchens

Bathrooms

Hallways

Bedrooms

Storage Area

Clothes Drying

Stairs and lifts( as per

NBC)

Open space

Security Adaptable housing

DESIGN OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 43

Every room intended for human habitation shall abut on aninterior or exterior open space or an open VERANDAH open tosuch interior or exterior open space

SKETCH FOR EXAMPLECONTRARY IMAGE FOUND IN SURVEY

For streets less than 75 m in width the distance of the building (building line) shall beat least 5 m from the centre line of the street

FRONT OPEN SPACES

OPEN SPACES WITHIN A PLOT

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 44

44

Residential and Commercial Zones

In any layout or sub-division of land measuring 03 hectare of

more in residential and commercial zones the community open

spaces shall be reserved for recreational purposes which shall as

far as possible be provided in one place or planned out for the

use of the community in clusters or pockets

The community open spaces shall be provided catering to the

needs of area of layout population for which the layout is

planned and the category of dwelling units The following

minimum provision shall be made

a) 15 percent of the area of the layout or

b) 03 to 04rsquo ha1 000 persons for low income housing the open

spaces shall be 03 ha1 000 persons

No recreational space shall generally be less than 450 sqm

the building line shall beat least 3 m away from the boundary of

recreational open space

Community open spaces and amenities

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 45

Width of Means of Access

The residential plots shall abut

on a public means of access

like street-oad Plots which do

not abut on a streethoad shall

abuthont on a means of access

the width and other

requirements of which shall be

as given in Table 1

In no case development on plots shall be permitted unless it is accessible by a public street of width not less than 6 m

MEANS OF ACCESS

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 46

In the case of special housing schemes for low income group

and economically weaker section of society developed up to two

storied row cluster housing scheme the pedestrian pathway

width shall be 3 m subject to provisions of 94l(a) The

pedestrian pathway shall not serve more than 8 plots on each

side of the pathway the length of the pathway shall be not more

than 50 m

No mention of plot sizehelliplarge plots sub-divided and the norm fails

Distance from Electric LinesNo VERANDAH balcony or the like shall be allowed to beerected or re-erected or any additions or alterations made to abuilding within the distances quoted below in accordance withthe current Indian Electricity Rules as amended from time-to-time between the building and any overhead electric supplyline

MEANS OF ACCESS-Cntd

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 47

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 48

Plot SizeThe minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75 percent shall not be less than 40 sqm in small and medium town and not less than 30 sqm in metropolitan cities Plot sizes below 30 sqm but not less than 15 sqm may be permitted in case of cluster planning however in such cases the ground coverage and FSI shall be 100 percent and 2 percent respectively

NOTES1 In exceptional cases in metropolitan cities with population more than 1 million the size of plots may be brought down to 25 sqm in cases of low income housing colonies located in congested areas as decided by the Authority In mega-cities it may be further reduced to 15 m2 In such cases where plot size is below 25 sqm only cluster planning or group housing may be adopted

2 A minimum of 25 percent of the plot size shall be left open without adversely affecting light and ventilation for habitable spaces and toilet It shall not be made mandatory to leave set back on any side

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 49

Vehicular AccessA right of way of at least 6 m width should be provided up to theentrance to the cluster to facilitate emergency vehicle movement up tocluster

DensityCluster planning methodologies result in higher densities with low risestructures With per dwelling unit covered area of 15 sqm densities of500 dwelling units per hectare (net) shall be permissible Densitieshigher than this should not allowed

Group ToiletCluster housing for economically weaker section families can havegroup toilets at the rate of one water closet one bath and a washingplace for three families

Size of RoomHabitable RoomEvery dwelling unit to be provided should have at least two habitable rooms Even if one room house is provided initially it should be capable of adding a new second room in future However in case single room tenements are required to be provided where future additions are not possible the carpet area of multipurpose single room should be at least 125 m2Such one room dwelling units with 125 m2 carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case of on site rehabilitation of slum dwellers In a house of two rooms first room shall not be less than 90 m2 with minimum width of 25 m and second room shall not be less than 65 m2 with minimum width of 21 m provided the total area of both the rooms is not less than 155 m2 In incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room

SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF CLUSTER PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 51

Life style

Affordability

Social Classification

Life style

SALARY CLASS

BUSINESS CLASS

BOTH WORKING

JOINT FAMILY

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52

Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi

Zone ndashF

a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)

LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53

The component method of design provides a broad frame work for

achieving the described life style objectives

HOUSING COMPONENT

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59

the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60

Desired outcomes Suggested responses

One two and three-bedroom

dwellings

One two and three-bedroom affordable

housing

dwelling types provide rooms of

sufficient dimensions to support the

safe comfortable and convenient use of

and movement around furniture

facilities and fittings needed by

householders

Studio apartments

Studio apartment rooms provide

adequate space for the function of

individual units including

bull sleeping living dining and kitchen

areas and

bull adequate bathroom laundry and

clothes dryingfacilities

Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table

Studio apartments generally conform to a

minimum

gross floor area of 30m2

The room sizes generally conform to the

following table

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61

Afordability Survey and Analysis

Category

Sample

Income group

Current status

Current Facilities Wishlist

Affordable EMI Analysis

Low

Inco

me

Gro

up

case

-1

A small 2BHK unit

of approx

35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs

lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)

4000

Rentedcommon washrooms

separate washroom

1500 PM no privacy Privacy

Mid

dle

Cla

ss

case

-1

10000-35000

Single 2BHK Family 2bhk

A Good 23BHK unit of approx

100 sqyard in range of

18-25 lacs

Rented Good location 7000

11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry

Bigger balcony

More natural light

Bigger Bedrooms

Good storage Space

case

-2

10000-35000

Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms

RentedBigger living area

7000 PM Good height 10000

Minimum shafts

small kitchenlaundry

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62

EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT

AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1

Category - EWS

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR

CASE -2

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35

CASE -3

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE

5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25

35

40

25

30

1060

30

1060

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63

63

AREA -DAYANAND COLONY

CASE -1

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

1010

30

50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65

GENERAL PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68

NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69

SPACE RELATIONSHIP

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71

Approach for investigating

affordable housing

Knowledge about future

house

Knowledge about present

house

Knowledge about Family

Payment Method

Preferred Area

PreferredLocation

Affordability

TypologicalPreferences

SpacePreferences

Location winNeighborhood

AdvantagesDis

Home TypeOwnershipStatus

Location

NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces

Degree ofSatisfaction

Income level

No of Family Members

EducationalLevel

(husbandwife)

Work Sector

No of Cars

Domestic Labor

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

72

AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

10

10

30

50

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

73

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

74

Conclusion

While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are

increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as

televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While

we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an

auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living

in a slum-like dwelling

It is understandable that economic

growth leads to rise in income but this

has led to even faster rise in property

prices leaving it unaffordable for majority

of population Affordable housing is

expected to have a positive by improving

basic quality of life Problems like traffic

congestion air quality commute times

etc can be resolved by providing proper

housing facilities to the weaker sections

of the society While the concept of

affordable housing seems to be a simple

solution to current housing woes its

execution remains complicated due to the

unclear policy framework To make

affordable housing work in India it would

require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by

slightly adjusting their interests towards a

wider social cause

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

75

Land use planning and

development

The project of the poor

Development standards

Land supply

Land value

Land affordability

Subdivision

Land market

Allocation

Demand

Intervention rationale

Neo liberalism

Site and Service

Subdivision

Land policy

Efficiency and equity

Land management

Direct intervention world

bank

Learning by doing

Site and service

subdivision

Poverty alleviation

Suitability and

acceptability

Affordability standards

subdivision

Intervention usually takes three broad categories

bull planning regulations

bull direct government investments and

bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation

Land management improvements

Example Land Readjustment

direct public investment

Example land banking

Example Site-and-Service

OBJECTIVES

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at

1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on

rental or ownership basis

2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter

options especially to the vulnerable groups

and the poor

3 Ensuring that housing along with the

supporting services is treated as a priority and

at par with infrastructure sector

4 Removing barriers related to legal financial

and administrative for facilitating access to

land finance and technology

5 Forging strong partnership between private

public and cooperative sectors to enhance the

capacity of the construction industry to

participate in every sphere of housing and

habitat

6 Using technology for modernizing the

housing sector to increase efficiency

productivity energy efficiency and quality

7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions

and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for

adding to the housing stock

THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including

formulation of effective

foreclosure laws

bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of

resources to the

housing and infrastructure sector

bull Develop a debt market for housing and

infrastructure fully integrated

with the financial markets in the country

bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the

requirement of low cost funds

for the housing needs of the poor

bull Promote research and development and transfer of

technology for

construction of houses

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available

resources to promote development and growth in a

sustained manner

bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing

infrastructure innovative and energy saving

construction materials and methods and also set up

a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the

concessions are correctly targeted and utilized

bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological

standards to protect the environment and provide a

better quality of life in human settlements

bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage

market

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD

1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a

boost to housing and supporting infrastructure

2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in

undertaking housing construction for all segments in

urban and rural areas

3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to

land

4 Facilitate training of construction workers by

converging other development programs through

building centers and other agencies

5 Promote decentralized production and availability of

building material

6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their

responsibilities in regulatory and development

functions

THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare

District Housing Action Plans for rural areas

2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and

augment supply of land for housing particularly

for the vulnerable group

3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural

infrastructure services

4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for

planned development

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE

COMPANIES WOULD

1 Redefine their role and move away from their

traditional approach to housing finance

2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the

needs of people

3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to

those who are in dire need of housing finance

support

4 Mobilize resources from provident funds

insurance funds mutual funds etc For house

building activities

5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize

domestic savings

HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS

DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND

OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role

for facilitating land assembly and development of

infrastructure

2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and

cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient

manner

3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement

THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND

CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD

1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of

houses and development of amenities

2 Forge partnership with state governments and local

authorities for construction of houses

3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out

schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization

basis

RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

ORGANIZATIONS WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw

materials

2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace

them with renewable resources

3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by

various public and private construction agencies

4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and

construction methods

5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the

housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste

based energy

6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new

constructions as well as strengthening of existing

houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and

human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes

cyclones and floods

7 Disseminate (spread) information about new

technologies and provide training to construction

workers in the use of new technologies

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

84

Role of PPP in Affordable Housing

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

85

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

86

JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance

No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million

No of Houses under Progress 0265 million

Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores

(BSUP+IHSDP)

997

achieved

Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of

Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline

Target of 27 cities

27 cities

achieved

Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of

developed land for EWSLIG Timeline

Target of 16 cities

16 cities

achieved

The JNNURM Initiative

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

87

i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP

ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath

iii Vector-free housing layout

iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces

v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and

vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness

Inclusive Planning amp Architecture

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

88

Recommendations

bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100

ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households

ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs

ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment

ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure

ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by

ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and

conversion of agricultural lands for urban use

ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for

making a proper assessment of land

requirements and allocation of such lands for

different uses

ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

89

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

90

Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

91

Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels

Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

92

SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66

References

Inferences

Books

Internet

Case Studies

Library references

bullNational Building Codes

bullGreen Households Domestic consumers

environment and sustainability

bullSustainable design practice

bullModern architecture

bullGaia House Design

bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy

Charles chorea and Raj

Reval

bullIntach library

Net references

bullWikipediacom

bullGooglecoin

bullDDA website

bullWHO living

standards

Case studies

bullResidences in old

Delhi

bullOther

contemporary

houses in

surrounding

houses

References

Page 13: Dessertation ii sem [autosaved]

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 13

AFFORDABLE HOUSING ndashDEFINITION

Defining Affordable Housing

ldquoAffordabilityrdquo as a concept is very generic and could have different meanings for different

people based on differences in income levels

Affordable housing refers to any housing that meets some form of affordability

criterion

Defining affordable housing in

India is a difficult task given that

at every square kilo-meter of the

country the dynamics of the

market are different

In the United States and

Canada a commonly acceptedguideline for affordable housing isthat the cost of housing should notbe more than 30 percent of ahouseholds gross income

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 14

AFFORDABLE HOUSING VS LOW COST HOUSING

Low-cost housing is generally meant for EWS category and comprises bare minimum housing

facilities while affordable housing is mostly meant for LIG and MIG and includes basic amenities

like schools hospitals and other community facilities and services

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 15

INDICATIVE SIZE amp POTENTIAL IN INDIA

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 16

DEMAND AND SUPPLY CONSTRAINTS

The demand drivers for affordable housing are as below

Urbanization

Rising income levels leading to a sizeable middle class segment Urbanization is an

ldquoindex of transformation from traditional rural 1 economies to modern industrial one rdquo

Its a product of demographic explosion and poverty induced rural-urban migration

This resulted in pressure on urban infrastructure and in an increase in the number of

homeless people living on the streets

As per the 2001 census the total urban homeless population was 7 78599 people

which would be much more currently given the inadequate availability of 2affordable

low-cost housing

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 17

THE DEMAND MODEL METHODOLOGY

The land market is fundamentally described by household choices of location and lot size The outcomes as in all economics arises from the interaction of demand (of household) and supply (of land parcel) Households are characterized by their income and preferences while land supply is characterized by quantity location and lot characteristics Household preferences can be represented by the price each household is willing to pay for each type

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 18

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 19

DEMAND SUPPLY DYNAMICS

bull Short Supply of residential dwellingsbull Supply shortfall existing since post

independencebull In 2005 estimated demand is 2095

million supply is 1897 Millionbull Demand ndash Supply gap is narrowing

bull Low supply of housing for low

income earners

bull As per 11th 5 year plan

- Shortage of 2471 million

dwellings

- Close to 99 of shortage in

EWS amp LIG segment

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 20

BIRTH AND MIGRATION

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 21

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 22

POPULATION AND HOUSING

PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLDS BY NUMBER OF ROOMS

OCCUPIED 1961 ndash 2001( in million )

No of Rooms

occupied 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001

One Room 531 50 458 396 351

Two Rooms 247 27 278 304 295

Three Rooms 103 114 122 148 171

Four or more

Rooms 111 114 121 147 159

No Exclusive

rooms 09 02 21 004 23

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

One Room Two Rooms Three

Rooms

Four or

more

Rooms

No

Exclusive

rooms

d

istr

ibut

ion

of h

ouse

hold

s

Approximate 50 of the households has two and three bed room dwelling units

Source Census of India 2001

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 23

Populatio

n

Residents

with

Buying

Power

Populatio

n under 20

Per

Capita

Income

GDP

Growth

Rate

Housing

Shortage

Estimate

1065

billion

300

million

58 $539 8 22 million

India Demographics Housing Shortage

Housing shortage at the beginning of 11th Five

Year Plan (142007)

2471 million

dwelling units

Additional Housing Requirement for the 11th

Plan ( 2007-2012)

182 million dwelling

units

Total housing requirement during 11th Plan

Period including the carried over housing shortage

2653 Million

dwelling units

TOTAL HOUSING SHORTAGE

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 24

CATEGORY VISE HOUSING SHORTAGE

Estimated Urban Housing Unit Shortage as on 142007

More than 99 shortage is for EWSLIG segments

Total 2471 m 10000EWS 2178 m 8814LIG 289 m 1169MIG amp HIG 004 m 016

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 25

28

46

618

Source Annual Report 2006-07 MoHUPA

Slum Population as age of total urban population is given in parenthesis

GROWTH OF SLUMS

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 26

The housing requirement for the Rs3-10 Lakh income group is approx206 million units by 2011translating to a market size of Rs3300billion or USD 66 billion

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 27

SUGGESTED PARAMETER FOR HOUSING

EWS LIG MIG

Size 300-600 sq ft carpet area Not exceeding 1200 sq ft

carpet area

Cost Not exceeding 4 times

household gross annual

income

Not exceeding 5 times

household gross annual

income

EMIRent Not exceeding 30 of gross

monthly income

Not exceeding 40 of gross

monthly income

AFFORDABLE HOUSING THE CONCEPT AND ISSUES

Difficult to adopt a lsquoone-size-fits-allrsquo concept

Government should undertake a separate exercise to estimate the number of

households falling under the lsquoaffordable housingrsquo category

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 28

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 29

NCR revealed a number of interesting facts during the household survey carriedout in order to ascertain the affordability of the various income groups at citylevel Table 6 depicts in detail the maximum affordable EMI of households invarious income levels This EMI has been estimated from the annual income ofhousehold and its spending and saving behaviour The maximum EMI has beentranslated into affordable house property value based on an assumed interestrate loan tenure and loan to value ratio The table also shows the capital valuesthat the households will have to pay keeping in view the preferred house size andthe affordable house property value An interesting point that was inferred fromthe survey results was that the income groups of Rs3-5 Lakh and Rs5-6 Lakhpreferred similar sized units for their housing needs Both the income categoriesexpressed the area of their residential units in the range of 700-800 sqftHowever while this allows the lower income group to purchase a property withan average price of Rs2300sqft the same enabled the higher income group ofRs5-6 lakh to opt for properties in the range of Rs2900-3650sqft MeanwhileNCR spanning a larger area with vast land parcels available for residentialdevelopment provides varied location options for the residents of the city tofulfill their housing needs The category of households with income of Rs6 lakhand above can afford residential units in select pockets of the newly developedzones in Gurgaon Noida as well as along NH-2 and NH-24 Though these locationssuit the budget preference of households they are located about 30 kms from theCBD area of Delhi ie Connaught Place For example residential locations inGurgaon and Noida are atleast 30 kms from the CBD Residential locations on NH24 Ghaziabad and NH 2 Faridabad are about 35 kms and 27 kms respectivelyfrom the CBD Meanwhile if households especially those in the income categoryof Rs3-5 Lakh are willing to compromise on unit

IDENTIFYING AFFORDABILITY

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 30

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 31

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 32

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 33

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 34

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 35

H

H

H

H

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 36

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 37

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 38

Objectives

bull To facilitate the incorporation of affordable housing in residential and mixed-use developments

bull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing in locations with easy accessto shops transport and government

and community servicesbull To ensure appropriate car parking provision for household requirementsbull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing through management and

ownership considerations

Diversity of affordable

housing

The affordable housingdevelopment provides

bull one two andor three-bedroom dwelling typesandor

bull apartments

Car parking

Car parking provision isappropriate for site location andhousehold requirements and isprovided on the site

Location of affordable

housing

Affordable housing is locatedclose to or has easy access toshops employment transportand government and communityservices

PROVISION AND LOCATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 39

Objectives

Integrating affordable housing

Affordable housing is integrated into new residential and mixed-usedevelopments where it is not a stand-alone development on its own site

Suggested responses

INTEGRATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 40Transforming Shelters-A journey of affordable Luxury

40

Objectives

bull To ensure site planning and related design responses facilitate good housingoutcomes

PrivacyDwellings are designed toacknowledge the differentrequirements for privacy andcontrol in the transition1) from public spaces2) through the privately controlledbut publicly visibleor semi-private shared space tothe dwelling entry and3) onto its private open space

Addressing public space

A dwelling adjacent to a streetor park addresses themfunctionally and visually (Onlarge sites communal openspaces are the equivalent of apublic park)

Privacy within the development

Development does notsignificantly reduce privacy anddaylight to private open spaces

Legibility of accessAccess to and sense of entry to adwelling fronting a street or aninternal path network is clearand unambiguous

SITE PLANNING OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 41

41

External circulationExternal pathways serving anindividual dwelling or multiples ofdwellings within a developmentare designed to suit the needs andvolume of intended occupantsand users

Carparking and streetpresentation

The street frontage of thedevelopment is not dominatedby car parking areas orstructures rubbish binenclosures and utility structures

Planting

Landscaping forms an integralcomponent of the designof the development

Territoriality

bull To aid the control of externalspaces by immediatelyadjacent households theterritorial boundaries of thesespaces are clearly delineated

bull Access by the general publicthrough the site is preventedand if this is unachievable thepath should be treated like apublic realm area

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 42

Objectives

bull To facilitate the provision of comfortable pleasant safe efficient and cost-effective accommodation for the intended occupants of affordable housing

bull To facilitate the incorporation of adaptable housing design principles inaffordable housing

All dwelling types are providedwith an appropriately located andfunctional arearsquos like

External entry areas

Internal entry areas

Livingdining areas

Kitchens

Bathrooms

Hallways

Bedrooms

Storage Area

Clothes Drying

Stairs and lifts( as per

NBC)

Open space

Security Adaptable housing

DESIGN OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 43

Every room intended for human habitation shall abut on aninterior or exterior open space or an open VERANDAH open tosuch interior or exterior open space

SKETCH FOR EXAMPLECONTRARY IMAGE FOUND IN SURVEY

For streets less than 75 m in width the distance of the building (building line) shall beat least 5 m from the centre line of the street

FRONT OPEN SPACES

OPEN SPACES WITHIN A PLOT

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 44

44

Residential and Commercial Zones

In any layout or sub-division of land measuring 03 hectare of

more in residential and commercial zones the community open

spaces shall be reserved for recreational purposes which shall as

far as possible be provided in one place or planned out for the

use of the community in clusters or pockets

The community open spaces shall be provided catering to the

needs of area of layout population for which the layout is

planned and the category of dwelling units The following

minimum provision shall be made

a) 15 percent of the area of the layout or

b) 03 to 04rsquo ha1 000 persons for low income housing the open

spaces shall be 03 ha1 000 persons

No recreational space shall generally be less than 450 sqm

the building line shall beat least 3 m away from the boundary of

recreational open space

Community open spaces and amenities

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 45

Width of Means of Access

The residential plots shall abut

on a public means of access

like street-oad Plots which do

not abut on a streethoad shall

abuthont on a means of access

the width and other

requirements of which shall be

as given in Table 1

In no case development on plots shall be permitted unless it is accessible by a public street of width not less than 6 m

MEANS OF ACCESS

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 46

In the case of special housing schemes for low income group

and economically weaker section of society developed up to two

storied row cluster housing scheme the pedestrian pathway

width shall be 3 m subject to provisions of 94l(a) The

pedestrian pathway shall not serve more than 8 plots on each

side of the pathway the length of the pathway shall be not more

than 50 m

No mention of plot sizehelliplarge plots sub-divided and the norm fails

Distance from Electric LinesNo VERANDAH balcony or the like shall be allowed to beerected or re-erected or any additions or alterations made to abuilding within the distances quoted below in accordance withthe current Indian Electricity Rules as amended from time-to-time between the building and any overhead electric supplyline

MEANS OF ACCESS-Cntd

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 47

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 48

Plot SizeThe minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75 percent shall not be less than 40 sqm in small and medium town and not less than 30 sqm in metropolitan cities Plot sizes below 30 sqm but not less than 15 sqm may be permitted in case of cluster planning however in such cases the ground coverage and FSI shall be 100 percent and 2 percent respectively

NOTES1 In exceptional cases in metropolitan cities with population more than 1 million the size of plots may be brought down to 25 sqm in cases of low income housing colonies located in congested areas as decided by the Authority In mega-cities it may be further reduced to 15 m2 In such cases where plot size is below 25 sqm only cluster planning or group housing may be adopted

2 A minimum of 25 percent of the plot size shall be left open without adversely affecting light and ventilation for habitable spaces and toilet It shall not be made mandatory to leave set back on any side

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 49

Vehicular AccessA right of way of at least 6 m width should be provided up to theentrance to the cluster to facilitate emergency vehicle movement up tocluster

DensityCluster planning methodologies result in higher densities with low risestructures With per dwelling unit covered area of 15 sqm densities of500 dwelling units per hectare (net) shall be permissible Densitieshigher than this should not allowed

Group ToiletCluster housing for economically weaker section families can havegroup toilets at the rate of one water closet one bath and a washingplace for three families

Size of RoomHabitable RoomEvery dwelling unit to be provided should have at least two habitable rooms Even if one room house is provided initially it should be capable of adding a new second room in future However in case single room tenements are required to be provided where future additions are not possible the carpet area of multipurpose single room should be at least 125 m2Such one room dwelling units with 125 m2 carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case of on site rehabilitation of slum dwellers In a house of two rooms first room shall not be less than 90 m2 with minimum width of 25 m and second room shall not be less than 65 m2 with minimum width of 21 m provided the total area of both the rooms is not less than 155 m2 In incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room

SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF CLUSTER PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 51

Life style

Affordability

Social Classification

Life style

SALARY CLASS

BUSINESS CLASS

BOTH WORKING

JOINT FAMILY

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52

Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi

Zone ndashF

a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)

LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53

The component method of design provides a broad frame work for

achieving the described life style objectives

HOUSING COMPONENT

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59

the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60

Desired outcomes Suggested responses

One two and three-bedroom

dwellings

One two and three-bedroom affordable

housing

dwelling types provide rooms of

sufficient dimensions to support the

safe comfortable and convenient use of

and movement around furniture

facilities and fittings needed by

householders

Studio apartments

Studio apartment rooms provide

adequate space for the function of

individual units including

bull sleeping living dining and kitchen

areas and

bull adequate bathroom laundry and

clothes dryingfacilities

Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table

Studio apartments generally conform to a

minimum

gross floor area of 30m2

The room sizes generally conform to the

following table

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61

Afordability Survey and Analysis

Category

Sample

Income group

Current status

Current Facilities Wishlist

Affordable EMI Analysis

Low

Inco

me

Gro

up

case

-1

A small 2BHK unit

of approx

35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs

lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)

4000

Rentedcommon washrooms

separate washroom

1500 PM no privacy Privacy

Mid

dle

Cla

ss

case

-1

10000-35000

Single 2BHK Family 2bhk

A Good 23BHK unit of approx

100 sqyard in range of

18-25 lacs

Rented Good location 7000

11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry

Bigger balcony

More natural light

Bigger Bedrooms

Good storage Space

case

-2

10000-35000

Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms

RentedBigger living area

7000 PM Good height 10000

Minimum shafts

small kitchenlaundry

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62

EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT

AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1

Category - EWS

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR

CASE -2

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35

CASE -3

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE

5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25

35

40

25

30

1060

30

1060

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63

63

AREA -DAYANAND COLONY

CASE -1

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

1010

30

50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65

GENERAL PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68

NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69

SPACE RELATIONSHIP

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71

Approach for investigating

affordable housing

Knowledge about future

house

Knowledge about present

house

Knowledge about Family

Payment Method

Preferred Area

PreferredLocation

Affordability

TypologicalPreferences

SpacePreferences

Location winNeighborhood

AdvantagesDis

Home TypeOwnershipStatus

Location

NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces

Degree ofSatisfaction

Income level

No of Family Members

EducationalLevel

(husbandwife)

Work Sector

No of Cars

Domestic Labor

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

72

AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

10

10

30

50

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

73

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

74

Conclusion

While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are

increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as

televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While

we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an

auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living

in a slum-like dwelling

It is understandable that economic

growth leads to rise in income but this

has led to even faster rise in property

prices leaving it unaffordable for majority

of population Affordable housing is

expected to have a positive by improving

basic quality of life Problems like traffic

congestion air quality commute times

etc can be resolved by providing proper

housing facilities to the weaker sections

of the society While the concept of

affordable housing seems to be a simple

solution to current housing woes its

execution remains complicated due to the

unclear policy framework To make

affordable housing work in India it would

require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by

slightly adjusting their interests towards a

wider social cause

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

75

Land use planning and

development

The project of the poor

Development standards

Land supply

Land value

Land affordability

Subdivision

Land market

Allocation

Demand

Intervention rationale

Neo liberalism

Site and Service

Subdivision

Land policy

Efficiency and equity

Land management

Direct intervention world

bank

Learning by doing

Site and service

subdivision

Poverty alleviation

Suitability and

acceptability

Affordability standards

subdivision

Intervention usually takes three broad categories

bull planning regulations

bull direct government investments and

bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation

Land management improvements

Example Land Readjustment

direct public investment

Example land banking

Example Site-and-Service

OBJECTIVES

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at

1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on

rental or ownership basis

2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter

options especially to the vulnerable groups

and the poor

3 Ensuring that housing along with the

supporting services is treated as a priority and

at par with infrastructure sector

4 Removing barriers related to legal financial

and administrative for facilitating access to

land finance and technology

5 Forging strong partnership between private

public and cooperative sectors to enhance the

capacity of the construction industry to

participate in every sphere of housing and

habitat

6 Using technology for modernizing the

housing sector to increase efficiency

productivity energy efficiency and quality

7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions

and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for

adding to the housing stock

THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including

formulation of effective

foreclosure laws

bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of

resources to the

housing and infrastructure sector

bull Develop a debt market for housing and

infrastructure fully integrated

with the financial markets in the country

bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the

requirement of low cost funds

for the housing needs of the poor

bull Promote research and development and transfer of

technology for

construction of houses

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available

resources to promote development and growth in a

sustained manner

bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing

infrastructure innovative and energy saving

construction materials and methods and also set up

a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the

concessions are correctly targeted and utilized

bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological

standards to protect the environment and provide a

better quality of life in human settlements

bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage

market

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD

1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a

boost to housing and supporting infrastructure

2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in

undertaking housing construction for all segments in

urban and rural areas

3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to

land

4 Facilitate training of construction workers by

converging other development programs through

building centers and other agencies

5 Promote decentralized production and availability of

building material

6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their

responsibilities in regulatory and development

functions

THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare

District Housing Action Plans for rural areas

2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and

augment supply of land for housing particularly

for the vulnerable group

3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural

infrastructure services

4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for

planned development

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE

COMPANIES WOULD

1 Redefine their role and move away from their

traditional approach to housing finance

2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the

needs of people

3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to

those who are in dire need of housing finance

support

4 Mobilize resources from provident funds

insurance funds mutual funds etc For house

building activities

5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize

domestic savings

HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS

DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND

OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role

for facilitating land assembly and development of

infrastructure

2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and

cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient

manner

3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement

THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND

CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD

1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of

houses and development of amenities

2 Forge partnership with state governments and local

authorities for construction of houses

3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out

schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization

basis

RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

ORGANIZATIONS WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw

materials

2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace

them with renewable resources

3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by

various public and private construction agencies

4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and

construction methods

5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the

housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste

based energy

6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new

constructions as well as strengthening of existing

houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and

human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes

cyclones and floods

7 Disseminate (spread) information about new

technologies and provide training to construction

workers in the use of new technologies

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

84

Role of PPP in Affordable Housing

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

85

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

86

JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance

No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million

No of Houses under Progress 0265 million

Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores

(BSUP+IHSDP)

997

achieved

Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of

Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline

Target of 27 cities

27 cities

achieved

Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of

developed land for EWSLIG Timeline

Target of 16 cities

16 cities

achieved

The JNNURM Initiative

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

87

i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP

ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath

iii Vector-free housing layout

iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces

v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and

vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness

Inclusive Planning amp Architecture

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

88

Recommendations

bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100

ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households

ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs

ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment

ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure

ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by

ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and

conversion of agricultural lands for urban use

ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for

making a proper assessment of land

requirements and allocation of such lands for

different uses

ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

89

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

90

Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

91

Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels

Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

92

SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66

References

Inferences

Books

Internet

Case Studies

Library references

bullNational Building Codes

bullGreen Households Domestic consumers

environment and sustainability

bullSustainable design practice

bullModern architecture

bullGaia House Design

bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy

Charles chorea and Raj

Reval

bullIntach library

Net references

bullWikipediacom

bullGooglecoin

bullDDA website

bullWHO living

standards

Case studies

bullResidences in old

Delhi

bullOther

contemporary

houses in

surrounding

houses

References

Page 14: Dessertation ii sem [autosaved]

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 14

AFFORDABLE HOUSING VS LOW COST HOUSING

Low-cost housing is generally meant for EWS category and comprises bare minimum housing

facilities while affordable housing is mostly meant for LIG and MIG and includes basic amenities

like schools hospitals and other community facilities and services

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 15

INDICATIVE SIZE amp POTENTIAL IN INDIA

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 16

DEMAND AND SUPPLY CONSTRAINTS

The demand drivers for affordable housing are as below

Urbanization

Rising income levels leading to a sizeable middle class segment Urbanization is an

ldquoindex of transformation from traditional rural 1 economies to modern industrial one rdquo

Its a product of demographic explosion and poverty induced rural-urban migration

This resulted in pressure on urban infrastructure and in an increase in the number of

homeless people living on the streets

As per the 2001 census the total urban homeless population was 7 78599 people

which would be much more currently given the inadequate availability of 2affordable

low-cost housing

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 17

THE DEMAND MODEL METHODOLOGY

The land market is fundamentally described by household choices of location and lot size The outcomes as in all economics arises from the interaction of demand (of household) and supply (of land parcel) Households are characterized by their income and preferences while land supply is characterized by quantity location and lot characteristics Household preferences can be represented by the price each household is willing to pay for each type

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 18

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 19

DEMAND SUPPLY DYNAMICS

bull Short Supply of residential dwellingsbull Supply shortfall existing since post

independencebull In 2005 estimated demand is 2095

million supply is 1897 Millionbull Demand ndash Supply gap is narrowing

bull Low supply of housing for low

income earners

bull As per 11th 5 year plan

- Shortage of 2471 million

dwellings

- Close to 99 of shortage in

EWS amp LIG segment

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 20

BIRTH AND MIGRATION

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 21

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 22

POPULATION AND HOUSING

PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLDS BY NUMBER OF ROOMS

OCCUPIED 1961 ndash 2001( in million )

No of Rooms

occupied 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001

One Room 531 50 458 396 351

Two Rooms 247 27 278 304 295

Three Rooms 103 114 122 148 171

Four or more

Rooms 111 114 121 147 159

No Exclusive

rooms 09 02 21 004 23

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

One Room Two Rooms Three

Rooms

Four or

more

Rooms

No

Exclusive

rooms

d

istr

ibut

ion

of h

ouse

hold

s

Approximate 50 of the households has two and three bed room dwelling units

Source Census of India 2001

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 23

Populatio

n

Residents

with

Buying

Power

Populatio

n under 20

Per

Capita

Income

GDP

Growth

Rate

Housing

Shortage

Estimate

1065

billion

300

million

58 $539 8 22 million

India Demographics Housing Shortage

Housing shortage at the beginning of 11th Five

Year Plan (142007)

2471 million

dwelling units

Additional Housing Requirement for the 11th

Plan ( 2007-2012)

182 million dwelling

units

Total housing requirement during 11th Plan

Period including the carried over housing shortage

2653 Million

dwelling units

TOTAL HOUSING SHORTAGE

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 24

CATEGORY VISE HOUSING SHORTAGE

Estimated Urban Housing Unit Shortage as on 142007

More than 99 shortage is for EWSLIG segments

Total 2471 m 10000EWS 2178 m 8814LIG 289 m 1169MIG amp HIG 004 m 016

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 25

28

46

618

Source Annual Report 2006-07 MoHUPA

Slum Population as age of total urban population is given in parenthesis

GROWTH OF SLUMS

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 26

The housing requirement for the Rs3-10 Lakh income group is approx206 million units by 2011translating to a market size of Rs3300billion or USD 66 billion

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 27

SUGGESTED PARAMETER FOR HOUSING

EWS LIG MIG

Size 300-600 sq ft carpet area Not exceeding 1200 sq ft

carpet area

Cost Not exceeding 4 times

household gross annual

income

Not exceeding 5 times

household gross annual

income

EMIRent Not exceeding 30 of gross

monthly income

Not exceeding 40 of gross

monthly income

AFFORDABLE HOUSING THE CONCEPT AND ISSUES

Difficult to adopt a lsquoone-size-fits-allrsquo concept

Government should undertake a separate exercise to estimate the number of

households falling under the lsquoaffordable housingrsquo category

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 28

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 29

NCR revealed a number of interesting facts during the household survey carriedout in order to ascertain the affordability of the various income groups at citylevel Table 6 depicts in detail the maximum affordable EMI of households invarious income levels This EMI has been estimated from the annual income ofhousehold and its spending and saving behaviour The maximum EMI has beentranslated into affordable house property value based on an assumed interestrate loan tenure and loan to value ratio The table also shows the capital valuesthat the households will have to pay keeping in view the preferred house size andthe affordable house property value An interesting point that was inferred fromthe survey results was that the income groups of Rs3-5 Lakh and Rs5-6 Lakhpreferred similar sized units for their housing needs Both the income categoriesexpressed the area of their residential units in the range of 700-800 sqftHowever while this allows the lower income group to purchase a property withan average price of Rs2300sqft the same enabled the higher income group ofRs5-6 lakh to opt for properties in the range of Rs2900-3650sqft MeanwhileNCR spanning a larger area with vast land parcels available for residentialdevelopment provides varied location options for the residents of the city tofulfill their housing needs The category of households with income of Rs6 lakhand above can afford residential units in select pockets of the newly developedzones in Gurgaon Noida as well as along NH-2 and NH-24 Though these locationssuit the budget preference of households they are located about 30 kms from theCBD area of Delhi ie Connaught Place For example residential locations inGurgaon and Noida are atleast 30 kms from the CBD Residential locations on NH24 Ghaziabad and NH 2 Faridabad are about 35 kms and 27 kms respectivelyfrom the CBD Meanwhile if households especially those in the income categoryof Rs3-5 Lakh are willing to compromise on unit

IDENTIFYING AFFORDABILITY

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 30

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 31

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 32

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 33

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 34

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 35

H

H

H

H

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 36

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 37

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 38

Objectives

bull To facilitate the incorporation of affordable housing in residential and mixed-use developments

bull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing in locations with easy accessto shops transport and government

and community servicesbull To ensure appropriate car parking provision for household requirementsbull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing through management and

ownership considerations

Diversity of affordable

housing

The affordable housingdevelopment provides

bull one two andor three-bedroom dwelling typesandor

bull apartments

Car parking

Car parking provision isappropriate for site location andhousehold requirements and isprovided on the site

Location of affordable

housing

Affordable housing is locatedclose to or has easy access toshops employment transportand government and communityservices

PROVISION AND LOCATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 39

Objectives

Integrating affordable housing

Affordable housing is integrated into new residential and mixed-usedevelopments where it is not a stand-alone development on its own site

Suggested responses

INTEGRATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 40Transforming Shelters-A journey of affordable Luxury

40

Objectives

bull To ensure site planning and related design responses facilitate good housingoutcomes

PrivacyDwellings are designed toacknowledge the differentrequirements for privacy andcontrol in the transition1) from public spaces2) through the privately controlledbut publicly visibleor semi-private shared space tothe dwelling entry and3) onto its private open space

Addressing public space

A dwelling adjacent to a streetor park addresses themfunctionally and visually (Onlarge sites communal openspaces are the equivalent of apublic park)

Privacy within the development

Development does notsignificantly reduce privacy anddaylight to private open spaces

Legibility of accessAccess to and sense of entry to adwelling fronting a street or aninternal path network is clearand unambiguous

SITE PLANNING OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 41

41

External circulationExternal pathways serving anindividual dwelling or multiples ofdwellings within a developmentare designed to suit the needs andvolume of intended occupantsand users

Carparking and streetpresentation

The street frontage of thedevelopment is not dominatedby car parking areas orstructures rubbish binenclosures and utility structures

Planting

Landscaping forms an integralcomponent of the designof the development

Territoriality

bull To aid the control of externalspaces by immediatelyadjacent households theterritorial boundaries of thesespaces are clearly delineated

bull Access by the general publicthrough the site is preventedand if this is unachievable thepath should be treated like apublic realm area

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 42

Objectives

bull To facilitate the provision of comfortable pleasant safe efficient and cost-effective accommodation for the intended occupants of affordable housing

bull To facilitate the incorporation of adaptable housing design principles inaffordable housing

All dwelling types are providedwith an appropriately located andfunctional arearsquos like

External entry areas

Internal entry areas

Livingdining areas

Kitchens

Bathrooms

Hallways

Bedrooms

Storage Area

Clothes Drying

Stairs and lifts( as per

NBC)

Open space

Security Adaptable housing

DESIGN OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 43

Every room intended for human habitation shall abut on aninterior or exterior open space or an open VERANDAH open tosuch interior or exterior open space

SKETCH FOR EXAMPLECONTRARY IMAGE FOUND IN SURVEY

For streets less than 75 m in width the distance of the building (building line) shall beat least 5 m from the centre line of the street

FRONT OPEN SPACES

OPEN SPACES WITHIN A PLOT

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 44

44

Residential and Commercial Zones

In any layout or sub-division of land measuring 03 hectare of

more in residential and commercial zones the community open

spaces shall be reserved for recreational purposes which shall as

far as possible be provided in one place or planned out for the

use of the community in clusters or pockets

The community open spaces shall be provided catering to the

needs of area of layout population for which the layout is

planned and the category of dwelling units The following

minimum provision shall be made

a) 15 percent of the area of the layout or

b) 03 to 04rsquo ha1 000 persons for low income housing the open

spaces shall be 03 ha1 000 persons

No recreational space shall generally be less than 450 sqm

the building line shall beat least 3 m away from the boundary of

recreational open space

Community open spaces and amenities

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 45

Width of Means of Access

The residential plots shall abut

on a public means of access

like street-oad Plots which do

not abut on a streethoad shall

abuthont on a means of access

the width and other

requirements of which shall be

as given in Table 1

In no case development on plots shall be permitted unless it is accessible by a public street of width not less than 6 m

MEANS OF ACCESS

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 46

In the case of special housing schemes for low income group

and economically weaker section of society developed up to two

storied row cluster housing scheme the pedestrian pathway

width shall be 3 m subject to provisions of 94l(a) The

pedestrian pathway shall not serve more than 8 plots on each

side of the pathway the length of the pathway shall be not more

than 50 m

No mention of plot sizehelliplarge plots sub-divided and the norm fails

Distance from Electric LinesNo VERANDAH balcony or the like shall be allowed to beerected or re-erected or any additions or alterations made to abuilding within the distances quoted below in accordance withthe current Indian Electricity Rules as amended from time-to-time between the building and any overhead electric supplyline

MEANS OF ACCESS-Cntd

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 47

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 48

Plot SizeThe minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75 percent shall not be less than 40 sqm in small and medium town and not less than 30 sqm in metropolitan cities Plot sizes below 30 sqm but not less than 15 sqm may be permitted in case of cluster planning however in such cases the ground coverage and FSI shall be 100 percent and 2 percent respectively

NOTES1 In exceptional cases in metropolitan cities with population more than 1 million the size of plots may be brought down to 25 sqm in cases of low income housing colonies located in congested areas as decided by the Authority In mega-cities it may be further reduced to 15 m2 In such cases where plot size is below 25 sqm only cluster planning or group housing may be adopted

2 A minimum of 25 percent of the plot size shall be left open without adversely affecting light and ventilation for habitable spaces and toilet It shall not be made mandatory to leave set back on any side

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 49

Vehicular AccessA right of way of at least 6 m width should be provided up to theentrance to the cluster to facilitate emergency vehicle movement up tocluster

DensityCluster planning methodologies result in higher densities with low risestructures With per dwelling unit covered area of 15 sqm densities of500 dwelling units per hectare (net) shall be permissible Densitieshigher than this should not allowed

Group ToiletCluster housing for economically weaker section families can havegroup toilets at the rate of one water closet one bath and a washingplace for three families

Size of RoomHabitable RoomEvery dwelling unit to be provided should have at least two habitable rooms Even if one room house is provided initially it should be capable of adding a new second room in future However in case single room tenements are required to be provided where future additions are not possible the carpet area of multipurpose single room should be at least 125 m2Such one room dwelling units with 125 m2 carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case of on site rehabilitation of slum dwellers In a house of two rooms first room shall not be less than 90 m2 with minimum width of 25 m and second room shall not be less than 65 m2 with minimum width of 21 m provided the total area of both the rooms is not less than 155 m2 In incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room

SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF CLUSTER PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 51

Life style

Affordability

Social Classification

Life style

SALARY CLASS

BUSINESS CLASS

BOTH WORKING

JOINT FAMILY

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52

Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi

Zone ndashF

a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)

LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53

The component method of design provides a broad frame work for

achieving the described life style objectives

HOUSING COMPONENT

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59

the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60

Desired outcomes Suggested responses

One two and three-bedroom

dwellings

One two and three-bedroom affordable

housing

dwelling types provide rooms of

sufficient dimensions to support the

safe comfortable and convenient use of

and movement around furniture

facilities and fittings needed by

householders

Studio apartments

Studio apartment rooms provide

adequate space for the function of

individual units including

bull sleeping living dining and kitchen

areas and

bull adequate bathroom laundry and

clothes dryingfacilities

Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table

Studio apartments generally conform to a

minimum

gross floor area of 30m2

The room sizes generally conform to the

following table

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61

Afordability Survey and Analysis

Category

Sample

Income group

Current status

Current Facilities Wishlist

Affordable EMI Analysis

Low

Inco

me

Gro

up

case

-1

A small 2BHK unit

of approx

35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs

lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)

4000

Rentedcommon washrooms

separate washroom

1500 PM no privacy Privacy

Mid

dle

Cla

ss

case

-1

10000-35000

Single 2BHK Family 2bhk

A Good 23BHK unit of approx

100 sqyard in range of

18-25 lacs

Rented Good location 7000

11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry

Bigger balcony

More natural light

Bigger Bedrooms

Good storage Space

case

-2

10000-35000

Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms

RentedBigger living area

7000 PM Good height 10000

Minimum shafts

small kitchenlaundry

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62

EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT

AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1

Category - EWS

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR

CASE -2

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35

CASE -3

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE

5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25

35

40

25

30

1060

30

1060

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63

63

AREA -DAYANAND COLONY

CASE -1

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

1010

30

50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65

GENERAL PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68

NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69

SPACE RELATIONSHIP

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71

Approach for investigating

affordable housing

Knowledge about future

house

Knowledge about present

house

Knowledge about Family

Payment Method

Preferred Area

PreferredLocation

Affordability

TypologicalPreferences

SpacePreferences

Location winNeighborhood

AdvantagesDis

Home TypeOwnershipStatus

Location

NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces

Degree ofSatisfaction

Income level

No of Family Members

EducationalLevel

(husbandwife)

Work Sector

No of Cars

Domestic Labor

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

72

AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

10

10

30

50

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

73

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

74

Conclusion

While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are

increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as

televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While

we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an

auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living

in a slum-like dwelling

It is understandable that economic

growth leads to rise in income but this

has led to even faster rise in property

prices leaving it unaffordable for majority

of population Affordable housing is

expected to have a positive by improving

basic quality of life Problems like traffic

congestion air quality commute times

etc can be resolved by providing proper

housing facilities to the weaker sections

of the society While the concept of

affordable housing seems to be a simple

solution to current housing woes its

execution remains complicated due to the

unclear policy framework To make

affordable housing work in India it would

require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by

slightly adjusting their interests towards a

wider social cause

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

75

Land use planning and

development

The project of the poor

Development standards

Land supply

Land value

Land affordability

Subdivision

Land market

Allocation

Demand

Intervention rationale

Neo liberalism

Site and Service

Subdivision

Land policy

Efficiency and equity

Land management

Direct intervention world

bank

Learning by doing

Site and service

subdivision

Poverty alleviation

Suitability and

acceptability

Affordability standards

subdivision

Intervention usually takes three broad categories

bull planning regulations

bull direct government investments and

bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation

Land management improvements

Example Land Readjustment

direct public investment

Example land banking

Example Site-and-Service

OBJECTIVES

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at

1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on

rental or ownership basis

2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter

options especially to the vulnerable groups

and the poor

3 Ensuring that housing along with the

supporting services is treated as a priority and

at par with infrastructure sector

4 Removing barriers related to legal financial

and administrative for facilitating access to

land finance and technology

5 Forging strong partnership between private

public and cooperative sectors to enhance the

capacity of the construction industry to

participate in every sphere of housing and

habitat

6 Using technology for modernizing the

housing sector to increase efficiency

productivity energy efficiency and quality

7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions

and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for

adding to the housing stock

THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including

formulation of effective

foreclosure laws

bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of

resources to the

housing and infrastructure sector

bull Develop a debt market for housing and

infrastructure fully integrated

with the financial markets in the country

bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the

requirement of low cost funds

for the housing needs of the poor

bull Promote research and development and transfer of

technology for

construction of houses

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available

resources to promote development and growth in a

sustained manner

bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing

infrastructure innovative and energy saving

construction materials and methods and also set up

a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the

concessions are correctly targeted and utilized

bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological

standards to protect the environment and provide a

better quality of life in human settlements

bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage

market

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD

1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a

boost to housing and supporting infrastructure

2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in

undertaking housing construction for all segments in

urban and rural areas

3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to

land

4 Facilitate training of construction workers by

converging other development programs through

building centers and other agencies

5 Promote decentralized production and availability of

building material

6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their

responsibilities in regulatory and development

functions

THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare

District Housing Action Plans for rural areas

2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and

augment supply of land for housing particularly

for the vulnerable group

3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural

infrastructure services

4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for

planned development

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE

COMPANIES WOULD

1 Redefine their role and move away from their

traditional approach to housing finance

2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the

needs of people

3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to

those who are in dire need of housing finance

support

4 Mobilize resources from provident funds

insurance funds mutual funds etc For house

building activities

5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize

domestic savings

HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS

DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND

OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role

for facilitating land assembly and development of

infrastructure

2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and

cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient

manner

3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement

THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND

CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD

1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of

houses and development of amenities

2 Forge partnership with state governments and local

authorities for construction of houses

3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out

schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization

basis

RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

ORGANIZATIONS WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw

materials

2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace

them with renewable resources

3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by

various public and private construction agencies

4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and

construction methods

5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the

housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste

based energy

6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new

constructions as well as strengthening of existing

houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and

human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes

cyclones and floods

7 Disseminate (spread) information about new

technologies and provide training to construction

workers in the use of new technologies

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

84

Role of PPP in Affordable Housing

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

85

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

86

JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance

No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million

No of Houses under Progress 0265 million

Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores

(BSUP+IHSDP)

997

achieved

Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of

Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline

Target of 27 cities

27 cities

achieved

Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of

developed land for EWSLIG Timeline

Target of 16 cities

16 cities

achieved

The JNNURM Initiative

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

87

i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP

ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath

iii Vector-free housing layout

iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces

v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and

vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness

Inclusive Planning amp Architecture

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

88

Recommendations

bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100

ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households

ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs

ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment

ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure

ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by

ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and

conversion of agricultural lands for urban use

ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for

making a proper assessment of land

requirements and allocation of such lands for

different uses

ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

89

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

90

Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

91

Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels

Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

92

SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66

References

Inferences

Books

Internet

Case Studies

Library references

bullNational Building Codes

bullGreen Households Domestic consumers

environment and sustainability

bullSustainable design practice

bullModern architecture

bullGaia House Design

bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy

Charles chorea and Raj

Reval

bullIntach library

Net references

bullWikipediacom

bullGooglecoin

bullDDA website

bullWHO living

standards

Case studies

bullResidences in old

Delhi

bullOther

contemporary

houses in

surrounding

houses

References

Page 15: Dessertation ii sem [autosaved]

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 15

INDICATIVE SIZE amp POTENTIAL IN INDIA

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 16

DEMAND AND SUPPLY CONSTRAINTS

The demand drivers for affordable housing are as below

Urbanization

Rising income levels leading to a sizeable middle class segment Urbanization is an

ldquoindex of transformation from traditional rural 1 economies to modern industrial one rdquo

Its a product of demographic explosion and poverty induced rural-urban migration

This resulted in pressure on urban infrastructure and in an increase in the number of

homeless people living on the streets

As per the 2001 census the total urban homeless population was 7 78599 people

which would be much more currently given the inadequate availability of 2affordable

low-cost housing

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 17

THE DEMAND MODEL METHODOLOGY

The land market is fundamentally described by household choices of location and lot size The outcomes as in all economics arises from the interaction of demand (of household) and supply (of land parcel) Households are characterized by their income and preferences while land supply is characterized by quantity location and lot characteristics Household preferences can be represented by the price each household is willing to pay for each type

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 18

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 19

DEMAND SUPPLY DYNAMICS

bull Short Supply of residential dwellingsbull Supply shortfall existing since post

independencebull In 2005 estimated demand is 2095

million supply is 1897 Millionbull Demand ndash Supply gap is narrowing

bull Low supply of housing for low

income earners

bull As per 11th 5 year plan

- Shortage of 2471 million

dwellings

- Close to 99 of shortage in

EWS amp LIG segment

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 20

BIRTH AND MIGRATION

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 21

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 22

POPULATION AND HOUSING

PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLDS BY NUMBER OF ROOMS

OCCUPIED 1961 ndash 2001( in million )

No of Rooms

occupied 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001

One Room 531 50 458 396 351

Two Rooms 247 27 278 304 295

Three Rooms 103 114 122 148 171

Four or more

Rooms 111 114 121 147 159

No Exclusive

rooms 09 02 21 004 23

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

One Room Two Rooms Three

Rooms

Four or

more

Rooms

No

Exclusive

rooms

d

istr

ibut

ion

of h

ouse

hold

s

Approximate 50 of the households has two and three bed room dwelling units

Source Census of India 2001

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 23

Populatio

n

Residents

with

Buying

Power

Populatio

n under 20

Per

Capita

Income

GDP

Growth

Rate

Housing

Shortage

Estimate

1065

billion

300

million

58 $539 8 22 million

India Demographics Housing Shortage

Housing shortage at the beginning of 11th Five

Year Plan (142007)

2471 million

dwelling units

Additional Housing Requirement for the 11th

Plan ( 2007-2012)

182 million dwelling

units

Total housing requirement during 11th Plan

Period including the carried over housing shortage

2653 Million

dwelling units

TOTAL HOUSING SHORTAGE

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 24

CATEGORY VISE HOUSING SHORTAGE

Estimated Urban Housing Unit Shortage as on 142007

More than 99 shortage is for EWSLIG segments

Total 2471 m 10000EWS 2178 m 8814LIG 289 m 1169MIG amp HIG 004 m 016

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 25

28

46

618

Source Annual Report 2006-07 MoHUPA

Slum Population as age of total urban population is given in parenthesis

GROWTH OF SLUMS

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 26

The housing requirement for the Rs3-10 Lakh income group is approx206 million units by 2011translating to a market size of Rs3300billion or USD 66 billion

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 27

SUGGESTED PARAMETER FOR HOUSING

EWS LIG MIG

Size 300-600 sq ft carpet area Not exceeding 1200 sq ft

carpet area

Cost Not exceeding 4 times

household gross annual

income

Not exceeding 5 times

household gross annual

income

EMIRent Not exceeding 30 of gross

monthly income

Not exceeding 40 of gross

monthly income

AFFORDABLE HOUSING THE CONCEPT AND ISSUES

Difficult to adopt a lsquoone-size-fits-allrsquo concept

Government should undertake a separate exercise to estimate the number of

households falling under the lsquoaffordable housingrsquo category

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 28

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 29

NCR revealed a number of interesting facts during the household survey carriedout in order to ascertain the affordability of the various income groups at citylevel Table 6 depicts in detail the maximum affordable EMI of households invarious income levels This EMI has been estimated from the annual income ofhousehold and its spending and saving behaviour The maximum EMI has beentranslated into affordable house property value based on an assumed interestrate loan tenure and loan to value ratio The table also shows the capital valuesthat the households will have to pay keeping in view the preferred house size andthe affordable house property value An interesting point that was inferred fromthe survey results was that the income groups of Rs3-5 Lakh and Rs5-6 Lakhpreferred similar sized units for their housing needs Both the income categoriesexpressed the area of their residential units in the range of 700-800 sqftHowever while this allows the lower income group to purchase a property withan average price of Rs2300sqft the same enabled the higher income group ofRs5-6 lakh to opt for properties in the range of Rs2900-3650sqft MeanwhileNCR spanning a larger area with vast land parcels available for residentialdevelopment provides varied location options for the residents of the city tofulfill their housing needs The category of households with income of Rs6 lakhand above can afford residential units in select pockets of the newly developedzones in Gurgaon Noida as well as along NH-2 and NH-24 Though these locationssuit the budget preference of households they are located about 30 kms from theCBD area of Delhi ie Connaught Place For example residential locations inGurgaon and Noida are atleast 30 kms from the CBD Residential locations on NH24 Ghaziabad and NH 2 Faridabad are about 35 kms and 27 kms respectivelyfrom the CBD Meanwhile if households especially those in the income categoryof Rs3-5 Lakh are willing to compromise on unit

IDENTIFYING AFFORDABILITY

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 30

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 31

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 32

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 33

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 34

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 35

H

H

H

H

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 36

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 37

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 38

Objectives

bull To facilitate the incorporation of affordable housing in residential and mixed-use developments

bull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing in locations with easy accessto shops transport and government

and community servicesbull To ensure appropriate car parking provision for household requirementsbull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing through management and

ownership considerations

Diversity of affordable

housing

The affordable housingdevelopment provides

bull one two andor three-bedroom dwelling typesandor

bull apartments

Car parking

Car parking provision isappropriate for site location andhousehold requirements and isprovided on the site

Location of affordable

housing

Affordable housing is locatedclose to or has easy access toshops employment transportand government and communityservices

PROVISION AND LOCATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 39

Objectives

Integrating affordable housing

Affordable housing is integrated into new residential and mixed-usedevelopments where it is not a stand-alone development on its own site

Suggested responses

INTEGRATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 40Transforming Shelters-A journey of affordable Luxury

40

Objectives

bull To ensure site planning and related design responses facilitate good housingoutcomes

PrivacyDwellings are designed toacknowledge the differentrequirements for privacy andcontrol in the transition1) from public spaces2) through the privately controlledbut publicly visibleor semi-private shared space tothe dwelling entry and3) onto its private open space

Addressing public space

A dwelling adjacent to a streetor park addresses themfunctionally and visually (Onlarge sites communal openspaces are the equivalent of apublic park)

Privacy within the development

Development does notsignificantly reduce privacy anddaylight to private open spaces

Legibility of accessAccess to and sense of entry to adwelling fronting a street or aninternal path network is clearand unambiguous

SITE PLANNING OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 41

41

External circulationExternal pathways serving anindividual dwelling or multiples ofdwellings within a developmentare designed to suit the needs andvolume of intended occupantsand users

Carparking and streetpresentation

The street frontage of thedevelopment is not dominatedby car parking areas orstructures rubbish binenclosures and utility structures

Planting

Landscaping forms an integralcomponent of the designof the development

Territoriality

bull To aid the control of externalspaces by immediatelyadjacent households theterritorial boundaries of thesespaces are clearly delineated

bull Access by the general publicthrough the site is preventedand if this is unachievable thepath should be treated like apublic realm area

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 42

Objectives

bull To facilitate the provision of comfortable pleasant safe efficient and cost-effective accommodation for the intended occupants of affordable housing

bull To facilitate the incorporation of adaptable housing design principles inaffordable housing

All dwelling types are providedwith an appropriately located andfunctional arearsquos like

External entry areas

Internal entry areas

Livingdining areas

Kitchens

Bathrooms

Hallways

Bedrooms

Storage Area

Clothes Drying

Stairs and lifts( as per

NBC)

Open space

Security Adaptable housing

DESIGN OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 43

Every room intended for human habitation shall abut on aninterior or exterior open space or an open VERANDAH open tosuch interior or exterior open space

SKETCH FOR EXAMPLECONTRARY IMAGE FOUND IN SURVEY

For streets less than 75 m in width the distance of the building (building line) shall beat least 5 m from the centre line of the street

FRONT OPEN SPACES

OPEN SPACES WITHIN A PLOT

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 44

44

Residential and Commercial Zones

In any layout or sub-division of land measuring 03 hectare of

more in residential and commercial zones the community open

spaces shall be reserved for recreational purposes which shall as

far as possible be provided in one place or planned out for the

use of the community in clusters or pockets

The community open spaces shall be provided catering to the

needs of area of layout population for which the layout is

planned and the category of dwelling units The following

minimum provision shall be made

a) 15 percent of the area of the layout or

b) 03 to 04rsquo ha1 000 persons for low income housing the open

spaces shall be 03 ha1 000 persons

No recreational space shall generally be less than 450 sqm

the building line shall beat least 3 m away from the boundary of

recreational open space

Community open spaces and amenities

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 45

Width of Means of Access

The residential plots shall abut

on a public means of access

like street-oad Plots which do

not abut on a streethoad shall

abuthont on a means of access

the width and other

requirements of which shall be

as given in Table 1

In no case development on plots shall be permitted unless it is accessible by a public street of width not less than 6 m

MEANS OF ACCESS

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 46

In the case of special housing schemes for low income group

and economically weaker section of society developed up to two

storied row cluster housing scheme the pedestrian pathway

width shall be 3 m subject to provisions of 94l(a) The

pedestrian pathway shall not serve more than 8 plots on each

side of the pathway the length of the pathway shall be not more

than 50 m

No mention of plot sizehelliplarge plots sub-divided and the norm fails

Distance from Electric LinesNo VERANDAH balcony or the like shall be allowed to beerected or re-erected or any additions or alterations made to abuilding within the distances quoted below in accordance withthe current Indian Electricity Rules as amended from time-to-time between the building and any overhead electric supplyline

MEANS OF ACCESS-Cntd

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 47

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 48

Plot SizeThe minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75 percent shall not be less than 40 sqm in small and medium town and not less than 30 sqm in metropolitan cities Plot sizes below 30 sqm but not less than 15 sqm may be permitted in case of cluster planning however in such cases the ground coverage and FSI shall be 100 percent and 2 percent respectively

NOTES1 In exceptional cases in metropolitan cities with population more than 1 million the size of plots may be brought down to 25 sqm in cases of low income housing colonies located in congested areas as decided by the Authority In mega-cities it may be further reduced to 15 m2 In such cases where plot size is below 25 sqm only cluster planning or group housing may be adopted

2 A minimum of 25 percent of the plot size shall be left open without adversely affecting light and ventilation for habitable spaces and toilet It shall not be made mandatory to leave set back on any side

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 49

Vehicular AccessA right of way of at least 6 m width should be provided up to theentrance to the cluster to facilitate emergency vehicle movement up tocluster

DensityCluster planning methodologies result in higher densities with low risestructures With per dwelling unit covered area of 15 sqm densities of500 dwelling units per hectare (net) shall be permissible Densitieshigher than this should not allowed

Group ToiletCluster housing for economically weaker section families can havegroup toilets at the rate of one water closet one bath and a washingplace for three families

Size of RoomHabitable RoomEvery dwelling unit to be provided should have at least two habitable rooms Even if one room house is provided initially it should be capable of adding a new second room in future However in case single room tenements are required to be provided where future additions are not possible the carpet area of multipurpose single room should be at least 125 m2Such one room dwelling units with 125 m2 carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case of on site rehabilitation of slum dwellers In a house of two rooms first room shall not be less than 90 m2 with minimum width of 25 m and second room shall not be less than 65 m2 with minimum width of 21 m provided the total area of both the rooms is not less than 155 m2 In incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room

SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF CLUSTER PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 51

Life style

Affordability

Social Classification

Life style

SALARY CLASS

BUSINESS CLASS

BOTH WORKING

JOINT FAMILY

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52

Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi

Zone ndashF

a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)

LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53

The component method of design provides a broad frame work for

achieving the described life style objectives

HOUSING COMPONENT

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59

the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60

Desired outcomes Suggested responses

One two and three-bedroom

dwellings

One two and three-bedroom affordable

housing

dwelling types provide rooms of

sufficient dimensions to support the

safe comfortable and convenient use of

and movement around furniture

facilities and fittings needed by

householders

Studio apartments

Studio apartment rooms provide

adequate space for the function of

individual units including

bull sleeping living dining and kitchen

areas and

bull adequate bathroom laundry and

clothes dryingfacilities

Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table

Studio apartments generally conform to a

minimum

gross floor area of 30m2

The room sizes generally conform to the

following table

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61

Afordability Survey and Analysis

Category

Sample

Income group

Current status

Current Facilities Wishlist

Affordable EMI Analysis

Low

Inco

me

Gro

up

case

-1

A small 2BHK unit

of approx

35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs

lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)

4000

Rentedcommon washrooms

separate washroom

1500 PM no privacy Privacy

Mid

dle

Cla

ss

case

-1

10000-35000

Single 2BHK Family 2bhk

A Good 23BHK unit of approx

100 sqyard in range of

18-25 lacs

Rented Good location 7000

11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry

Bigger balcony

More natural light

Bigger Bedrooms

Good storage Space

case

-2

10000-35000

Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms

RentedBigger living area

7000 PM Good height 10000

Minimum shafts

small kitchenlaundry

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62

EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT

AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1

Category - EWS

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR

CASE -2

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35

CASE -3

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE

5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25

35

40

25

30

1060

30

1060

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63

63

AREA -DAYANAND COLONY

CASE -1

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

1010

30

50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65

GENERAL PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68

NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69

SPACE RELATIONSHIP

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71

Approach for investigating

affordable housing

Knowledge about future

house

Knowledge about present

house

Knowledge about Family

Payment Method

Preferred Area

PreferredLocation

Affordability

TypologicalPreferences

SpacePreferences

Location winNeighborhood

AdvantagesDis

Home TypeOwnershipStatus

Location

NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces

Degree ofSatisfaction

Income level

No of Family Members

EducationalLevel

(husbandwife)

Work Sector

No of Cars

Domestic Labor

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

72

AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

10

10

30

50

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

73

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

74

Conclusion

While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are

increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as

televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While

we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an

auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living

in a slum-like dwelling

It is understandable that economic

growth leads to rise in income but this

has led to even faster rise in property

prices leaving it unaffordable for majority

of population Affordable housing is

expected to have a positive by improving

basic quality of life Problems like traffic

congestion air quality commute times

etc can be resolved by providing proper

housing facilities to the weaker sections

of the society While the concept of

affordable housing seems to be a simple

solution to current housing woes its

execution remains complicated due to the

unclear policy framework To make

affordable housing work in India it would

require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by

slightly adjusting their interests towards a

wider social cause

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

75

Land use planning and

development

The project of the poor

Development standards

Land supply

Land value

Land affordability

Subdivision

Land market

Allocation

Demand

Intervention rationale

Neo liberalism

Site and Service

Subdivision

Land policy

Efficiency and equity

Land management

Direct intervention world

bank

Learning by doing

Site and service

subdivision

Poverty alleviation

Suitability and

acceptability

Affordability standards

subdivision

Intervention usually takes three broad categories

bull planning regulations

bull direct government investments and

bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation

Land management improvements

Example Land Readjustment

direct public investment

Example land banking

Example Site-and-Service

OBJECTIVES

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at

1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on

rental or ownership basis

2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter

options especially to the vulnerable groups

and the poor

3 Ensuring that housing along with the

supporting services is treated as a priority and

at par with infrastructure sector

4 Removing barriers related to legal financial

and administrative for facilitating access to

land finance and technology

5 Forging strong partnership between private

public and cooperative sectors to enhance the

capacity of the construction industry to

participate in every sphere of housing and

habitat

6 Using technology for modernizing the

housing sector to increase efficiency

productivity energy efficiency and quality

7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions

and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for

adding to the housing stock

THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including

formulation of effective

foreclosure laws

bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of

resources to the

housing and infrastructure sector

bull Develop a debt market for housing and

infrastructure fully integrated

with the financial markets in the country

bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the

requirement of low cost funds

for the housing needs of the poor

bull Promote research and development and transfer of

technology for

construction of houses

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available

resources to promote development and growth in a

sustained manner

bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing

infrastructure innovative and energy saving

construction materials and methods and also set up

a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the

concessions are correctly targeted and utilized

bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological

standards to protect the environment and provide a

better quality of life in human settlements

bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage

market

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD

1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a

boost to housing and supporting infrastructure

2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in

undertaking housing construction for all segments in

urban and rural areas

3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to

land

4 Facilitate training of construction workers by

converging other development programs through

building centers and other agencies

5 Promote decentralized production and availability of

building material

6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their

responsibilities in regulatory and development

functions

THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare

District Housing Action Plans for rural areas

2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and

augment supply of land for housing particularly

for the vulnerable group

3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural

infrastructure services

4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for

planned development

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE

COMPANIES WOULD

1 Redefine their role and move away from their

traditional approach to housing finance

2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the

needs of people

3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to

those who are in dire need of housing finance

support

4 Mobilize resources from provident funds

insurance funds mutual funds etc For house

building activities

5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize

domestic savings

HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS

DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND

OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role

for facilitating land assembly and development of

infrastructure

2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and

cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient

manner

3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement

THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND

CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD

1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of

houses and development of amenities

2 Forge partnership with state governments and local

authorities for construction of houses

3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out

schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization

basis

RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

ORGANIZATIONS WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw

materials

2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace

them with renewable resources

3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by

various public and private construction agencies

4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and

construction methods

5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the

housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste

based energy

6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new

constructions as well as strengthening of existing

houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and

human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes

cyclones and floods

7 Disseminate (spread) information about new

technologies and provide training to construction

workers in the use of new technologies

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

84

Role of PPP in Affordable Housing

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

85

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

86

JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance

No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million

No of Houses under Progress 0265 million

Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores

(BSUP+IHSDP)

997

achieved

Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of

Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline

Target of 27 cities

27 cities

achieved

Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of

developed land for EWSLIG Timeline

Target of 16 cities

16 cities

achieved

The JNNURM Initiative

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

87

i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP

ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath

iii Vector-free housing layout

iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces

v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and

vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness

Inclusive Planning amp Architecture

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

88

Recommendations

bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100

ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households

ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs

ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment

ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure

ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by

ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and

conversion of agricultural lands for urban use

ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for

making a proper assessment of land

requirements and allocation of such lands for

different uses

ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

89

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

90

Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

91

Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels

Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

92

SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66

References

Inferences

Books

Internet

Case Studies

Library references

bullNational Building Codes

bullGreen Households Domestic consumers

environment and sustainability

bullSustainable design practice

bullModern architecture

bullGaia House Design

bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy

Charles chorea and Raj

Reval

bullIntach library

Net references

bullWikipediacom

bullGooglecoin

bullDDA website

bullWHO living

standards

Case studies

bullResidences in old

Delhi

bullOther

contemporary

houses in

surrounding

houses

References

Page 16: Dessertation ii sem [autosaved]

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 16

DEMAND AND SUPPLY CONSTRAINTS

The demand drivers for affordable housing are as below

Urbanization

Rising income levels leading to a sizeable middle class segment Urbanization is an

ldquoindex of transformation from traditional rural 1 economies to modern industrial one rdquo

Its a product of demographic explosion and poverty induced rural-urban migration

This resulted in pressure on urban infrastructure and in an increase in the number of

homeless people living on the streets

As per the 2001 census the total urban homeless population was 7 78599 people

which would be much more currently given the inadequate availability of 2affordable

low-cost housing

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 17

THE DEMAND MODEL METHODOLOGY

The land market is fundamentally described by household choices of location and lot size The outcomes as in all economics arises from the interaction of demand (of household) and supply (of land parcel) Households are characterized by their income and preferences while land supply is characterized by quantity location and lot characteristics Household preferences can be represented by the price each household is willing to pay for each type

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 18

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 19

DEMAND SUPPLY DYNAMICS

bull Short Supply of residential dwellingsbull Supply shortfall existing since post

independencebull In 2005 estimated demand is 2095

million supply is 1897 Millionbull Demand ndash Supply gap is narrowing

bull Low supply of housing for low

income earners

bull As per 11th 5 year plan

- Shortage of 2471 million

dwellings

- Close to 99 of shortage in

EWS amp LIG segment

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 20

BIRTH AND MIGRATION

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 21

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 22

POPULATION AND HOUSING

PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLDS BY NUMBER OF ROOMS

OCCUPIED 1961 ndash 2001( in million )

No of Rooms

occupied 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001

One Room 531 50 458 396 351

Two Rooms 247 27 278 304 295

Three Rooms 103 114 122 148 171

Four or more

Rooms 111 114 121 147 159

No Exclusive

rooms 09 02 21 004 23

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

One Room Two Rooms Three

Rooms

Four or

more

Rooms

No

Exclusive

rooms

d

istr

ibut

ion

of h

ouse

hold

s

Approximate 50 of the households has two and three bed room dwelling units

Source Census of India 2001

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 23

Populatio

n

Residents

with

Buying

Power

Populatio

n under 20

Per

Capita

Income

GDP

Growth

Rate

Housing

Shortage

Estimate

1065

billion

300

million

58 $539 8 22 million

India Demographics Housing Shortage

Housing shortage at the beginning of 11th Five

Year Plan (142007)

2471 million

dwelling units

Additional Housing Requirement for the 11th

Plan ( 2007-2012)

182 million dwelling

units

Total housing requirement during 11th Plan

Period including the carried over housing shortage

2653 Million

dwelling units

TOTAL HOUSING SHORTAGE

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 24

CATEGORY VISE HOUSING SHORTAGE

Estimated Urban Housing Unit Shortage as on 142007

More than 99 shortage is for EWSLIG segments

Total 2471 m 10000EWS 2178 m 8814LIG 289 m 1169MIG amp HIG 004 m 016

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 25

28

46

618

Source Annual Report 2006-07 MoHUPA

Slum Population as age of total urban population is given in parenthesis

GROWTH OF SLUMS

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 26

The housing requirement for the Rs3-10 Lakh income group is approx206 million units by 2011translating to a market size of Rs3300billion or USD 66 billion

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 27

SUGGESTED PARAMETER FOR HOUSING

EWS LIG MIG

Size 300-600 sq ft carpet area Not exceeding 1200 sq ft

carpet area

Cost Not exceeding 4 times

household gross annual

income

Not exceeding 5 times

household gross annual

income

EMIRent Not exceeding 30 of gross

monthly income

Not exceeding 40 of gross

monthly income

AFFORDABLE HOUSING THE CONCEPT AND ISSUES

Difficult to adopt a lsquoone-size-fits-allrsquo concept

Government should undertake a separate exercise to estimate the number of

households falling under the lsquoaffordable housingrsquo category

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 28

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 29

NCR revealed a number of interesting facts during the household survey carriedout in order to ascertain the affordability of the various income groups at citylevel Table 6 depicts in detail the maximum affordable EMI of households invarious income levels This EMI has been estimated from the annual income ofhousehold and its spending and saving behaviour The maximum EMI has beentranslated into affordable house property value based on an assumed interestrate loan tenure and loan to value ratio The table also shows the capital valuesthat the households will have to pay keeping in view the preferred house size andthe affordable house property value An interesting point that was inferred fromthe survey results was that the income groups of Rs3-5 Lakh and Rs5-6 Lakhpreferred similar sized units for their housing needs Both the income categoriesexpressed the area of their residential units in the range of 700-800 sqftHowever while this allows the lower income group to purchase a property withan average price of Rs2300sqft the same enabled the higher income group ofRs5-6 lakh to opt for properties in the range of Rs2900-3650sqft MeanwhileNCR spanning a larger area with vast land parcels available for residentialdevelopment provides varied location options for the residents of the city tofulfill their housing needs The category of households with income of Rs6 lakhand above can afford residential units in select pockets of the newly developedzones in Gurgaon Noida as well as along NH-2 and NH-24 Though these locationssuit the budget preference of households they are located about 30 kms from theCBD area of Delhi ie Connaught Place For example residential locations inGurgaon and Noida are atleast 30 kms from the CBD Residential locations on NH24 Ghaziabad and NH 2 Faridabad are about 35 kms and 27 kms respectivelyfrom the CBD Meanwhile if households especially those in the income categoryof Rs3-5 Lakh are willing to compromise on unit

IDENTIFYING AFFORDABILITY

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 30

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 31

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 32

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 33

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 34

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 35

H

H

H

H

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 36

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 37

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 38

Objectives

bull To facilitate the incorporation of affordable housing in residential and mixed-use developments

bull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing in locations with easy accessto shops transport and government

and community servicesbull To ensure appropriate car parking provision for household requirementsbull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing through management and

ownership considerations

Diversity of affordable

housing

The affordable housingdevelopment provides

bull one two andor three-bedroom dwelling typesandor

bull apartments

Car parking

Car parking provision isappropriate for site location andhousehold requirements and isprovided on the site

Location of affordable

housing

Affordable housing is locatedclose to or has easy access toshops employment transportand government and communityservices

PROVISION AND LOCATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 39

Objectives

Integrating affordable housing

Affordable housing is integrated into new residential and mixed-usedevelopments where it is not a stand-alone development on its own site

Suggested responses

INTEGRATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 40Transforming Shelters-A journey of affordable Luxury

40

Objectives

bull To ensure site planning and related design responses facilitate good housingoutcomes

PrivacyDwellings are designed toacknowledge the differentrequirements for privacy andcontrol in the transition1) from public spaces2) through the privately controlledbut publicly visibleor semi-private shared space tothe dwelling entry and3) onto its private open space

Addressing public space

A dwelling adjacent to a streetor park addresses themfunctionally and visually (Onlarge sites communal openspaces are the equivalent of apublic park)

Privacy within the development

Development does notsignificantly reduce privacy anddaylight to private open spaces

Legibility of accessAccess to and sense of entry to adwelling fronting a street or aninternal path network is clearand unambiguous

SITE PLANNING OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 41

41

External circulationExternal pathways serving anindividual dwelling or multiples ofdwellings within a developmentare designed to suit the needs andvolume of intended occupantsand users

Carparking and streetpresentation

The street frontage of thedevelopment is not dominatedby car parking areas orstructures rubbish binenclosures and utility structures

Planting

Landscaping forms an integralcomponent of the designof the development

Territoriality

bull To aid the control of externalspaces by immediatelyadjacent households theterritorial boundaries of thesespaces are clearly delineated

bull Access by the general publicthrough the site is preventedand if this is unachievable thepath should be treated like apublic realm area

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 42

Objectives

bull To facilitate the provision of comfortable pleasant safe efficient and cost-effective accommodation for the intended occupants of affordable housing

bull To facilitate the incorporation of adaptable housing design principles inaffordable housing

All dwelling types are providedwith an appropriately located andfunctional arearsquos like

External entry areas

Internal entry areas

Livingdining areas

Kitchens

Bathrooms

Hallways

Bedrooms

Storage Area

Clothes Drying

Stairs and lifts( as per

NBC)

Open space

Security Adaptable housing

DESIGN OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 43

Every room intended for human habitation shall abut on aninterior or exterior open space or an open VERANDAH open tosuch interior or exterior open space

SKETCH FOR EXAMPLECONTRARY IMAGE FOUND IN SURVEY

For streets less than 75 m in width the distance of the building (building line) shall beat least 5 m from the centre line of the street

FRONT OPEN SPACES

OPEN SPACES WITHIN A PLOT

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 44

44

Residential and Commercial Zones

In any layout or sub-division of land measuring 03 hectare of

more in residential and commercial zones the community open

spaces shall be reserved for recreational purposes which shall as

far as possible be provided in one place or planned out for the

use of the community in clusters or pockets

The community open spaces shall be provided catering to the

needs of area of layout population for which the layout is

planned and the category of dwelling units The following

minimum provision shall be made

a) 15 percent of the area of the layout or

b) 03 to 04rsquo ha1 000 persons for low income housing the open

spaces shall be 03 ha1 000 persons

No recreational space shall generally be less than 450 sqm

the building line shall beat least 3 m away from the boundary of

recreational open space

Community open spaces and amenities

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 45

Width of Means of Access

The residential plots shall abut

on a public means of access

like street-oad Plots which do

not abut on a streethoad shall

abuthont on a means of access

the width and other

requirements of which shall be

as given in Table 1

In no case development on plots shall be permitted unless it is accessible by a public street of width not less than 6 m

MEANS OF ACCESS

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 46

In the case of special housing schemes for low income group

and economically weaker section of society developed up to two

storied row cluster housing scheme the pedestrian pathway

width shall be 3 m subject to provisions of 94l(a) The

pedestrian pathway shall not serve more than 8 plots on each

side of the pathway the length of the pathway shall be not more

than 50 m

No mention of plot sizehelliplarge plots sub-divided and the norm fails

Distance from Electric LinesNo VERANDAH balcony or the like shall be allowed to beerected or re-erected or any additions or alterations made to abuilding within the distances quoted below in accordance withthe current Indian Electricity Rules as amended from time-to-time between the building and any overhead electric supplyline

MEANS OF ACCESS-Cntd

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 47

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 48

Plot SizeThe minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75 percent shall not be less than 40 sqm in small and medium town and not less than 30 sqm in metropolitan cities Plot sizes below 30 sqm but not less than 15 sqm may be permitted in case of cluster planning however in such cases the ground coverage and FSI shall be 100 percent and 2 percent respectively

NOTES1 In exceptional cases in metropolitan cities with population more than 1 million the size of plots may be brought down to 25 sqm in cases of low income housing colonies located in congested areas as decided by the Authority In mega-cities it may be further reduced to 15 m2 In such cases where plot size is below 25 sqm only cluster planning or group housing may be adopted

2 A minimum of 25 percent of the plot size shall be left open without adversely affecting light and ventilation for habitable spaces and toilet It shall not be made mandatory to leave set back on any side

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 49

Vehicular AccessA right of way of at least 6 m width should be provided up to theentrance to the cluster to facilitate emergency vehicle movement up tocluster

DensityCluster planning methodologies result in higher densities with low risestructures With per dwelling unit covered area of 15 sqm densities of500 dwelling units per hectare (net) shall be permissible Densitieshigher than this should not allowed

Group ToiletCluster housing for economically weaker section families can havegroup toilets at the rate of one water closet one bath and a washingplace for three families

Size of RoomHabitable RoomEvery dwelling unit to be provided should have at least two habitable rooms Even if one room house is provided initially it should be capable of adding a new second room in future However in case single room tenements are required to be provided where future additions are not possible the carpet area of multipurpose single room should be at least 125 m2Such one room dwelling units with 125 m2 carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case of on site rehabilitation of slum dwellers In a house of two rooms first room shall not be less than 90 m2 with minimum width of 25 m and second room shall not be less than 65 m2 with minimum width of 21 m provided the total area of both the rooms is not less than 155 m2 In incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room

SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF CLUSTER PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 51

Life style

Affordability

Social Classification

Life style

SALARY CLASS

BUSINESS CLASS

BOTH WORKING

JOINT FAMILY

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52

Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi

Zone ndashF

a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)

LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53

The component method of design provides a broad frame work for

achieving the described life style objectives

HOUSING COMPONENT

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59

the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60

Desired outcomes Suggested responses

One two and three-bedroom

dwellings

One two and three-bedroom affordable

housing

dwelling types provide rooms of

sufficient dimensions to support the

safe comfortable and convenient use of

and movement around furniture

facilities and fittings needed by

householders

Studio apartments

Studio apartment rooms provide

adequate space for the function of

individual units including

bull sleeping living dining and kitchen

areas and

bull adequate bathroom laundry and

clothes dryingfacilities

Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table

Studio apartments generally conform to a

minimum

gross floor area of 30m2

The room sizes generally conform to the

following table

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61

Afordability Survey and Analysis

Category

Sample

Income group

Current status

Current Facilities Wishlist

Affordable EMI Analysis

Low

Inco

me

Gro

up

case

-1

A small 2BHK unit

of approx

35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs

lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)

4000

Rentedcommon washrooms

separate washroom

1500 PM no privacy Privacy

Mid

dle

Cla

ss

case

-1

10000-35000

Single 2BHK Family 2bhk

A Good 23BHK unit of approx

100 sqyard in range of

18-25 lacs

Rented Good location 7000

11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry

Bigger balcony

More natural light

Bigger Bedrooms

Good storage Space

case

-2

10000-35000

Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms

RentedBigger living area

7000 PM Good height 10000

Minimum shafts

small kitchenlaundry

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62

EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT

AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1

Category - EWS

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR

CASE -2

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35

CASE -3

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE

5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25

35

40

25

30

1060

30

1060

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63

63

AREA -DAYANAND COLONY

CASE -1

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

1010

30

50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65

GENERAL PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68

NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69

SPACE RELATIONSHIP

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71

Approach for investigating

affordable housing

Knowledge about future

house

Knowledge about present

house

Knowledge about Family

Payment Method

Preferred Area

PreferredLocation

Affordability

TypologicalPreferences

SpacePreferences

Location winNeighborhood

AdvantagesDis

Home TypeOwnershipStatus

Location

NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces

Degree ofSatisfaction

Income level

No of Family Members

EducationalLevel

(husbandwife)

Work Sector

No of Cars

Domestic Labor

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

72

AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

10

10

30

50

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

73

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

74

Conclusion

While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are

increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as

televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While

we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an

auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living

in a slum-like dwelling

It is understandable that economic

growth leads to rise in income but this

has led to even faster rise in property

prices leaving it unaffordable for majority

of population Affordable housing is

expected to have a positive by improving

basic quality of life Problems like traffic

congestion air quality commute times

etc can be resolved by providing proper

housing facilities to the weaker sections

of the society While the concept of

affordable housing seems to be a simple

solution to current housing woes its

execution remains complicated due to the

unclear policy framework To make

affordable housing work in India it would

require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by

slightly adjusting their interests towards a

wider social cause

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

75

Land use planning and

development

The project of the poor

Development standards

Land supply

Land value

Land affordability

Subdivision

Land market

Allocation

Demand

Intervention rationale

Neo liberalism

Site and Service

Subdivision

Land policy

Efficiency and equity

Land management

Direct intervention world

bank

Learning by doing

Site and service

subdivision

Poverty alleviation

Suitability and

acceptability

Affordability standards

subdivision

Intervention usually takes three broad categories

bull planning regulations

bull direct government investments and

bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation

Land management improvements

Example Land Readjustment

direct public investment

Example land banking

Example Site-and-Service

OBJECTIVES

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at

1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on

rental or ownership basis

2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter

options especially to the vulnerable groups

and the poor

3 Ensuring that housing along with the

supporting services is treated as a priority and

at par with infrastructure sector

4 Removing barriers related to legal financial

and administrative for facilitating access to

land finance and technology

5 Forging strong partnership between private

public and cooperative sectors to enhance the

capacity of the construction industry to

participate in every sphere of housing and

habitat

6 Using technology for modernizing the

housing sector to increase efficiency

productivity energy efficiency and quality

7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions

and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for

adding to the housing stock

THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including

formulation of effective

foreclosure laws

bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of

resources to the

housing and infrastructure sector

bull Develop a debt market for housing and

infrastructure fully integrated

with the financial markets in the country

bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the

requirement of low cost funds

for the housing needs of the poor

bull Promote research and development and transfer of

technology for

construction of houses

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available

resources to promote development and growth in a

sustained manner

bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing

infrastructure innovative and energy saving

construction materials and methods and also set up

a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the

concessions are correctly targeted and utilized

bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological

standards to protect the environment and provide a

better quality of life in human settlements

bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage

market

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD

1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a

boost to housing and supporting infrastructure

2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in

undertaking housing construction for all segments in

urban and rural areas

3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to

land

4 Facilitate training of construction workers by

converging other development programs through

building centers and other agencies

5 Promote decentralized production and availability of

building material

6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their

responsibilities in regulatory and development

functions

THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare

District Housing Action Plans for rural areas

2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and

augment supply of land for housing particularly

for the vulnerable group

3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural

infrastructure services

4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for

planned development

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE

COMPANIES WOULD

1 Redefine their role and move away from their

traditional approach to housing finance

2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the

needs of people

3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to

those who are in dire need of housing finance

support

4 Mobilize resources from provident funds

insurance funds mutual funds etc For house

building activities

5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize

domestic savings

HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS

DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND

OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role

for facilitating land assembly and development of

infrastructure

2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and

cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient

manner

3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement

THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND

CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD

1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of

houses and development of amenities

2 Forge partnership with state governments and local

authorities for construction of houses

3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out

schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization

basis

RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

ORGANIZATIONS WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw

materials

2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace

them with renewable resources

3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by

various public and private construction agencies

4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and

construction methods

5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the

housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste

based energy

6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new

constructions as well as strengthening of existing

houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and

human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes

cyclones and floods

7 Disseminate (spread) information about new

technologies and provide training to construction

workers in the use of new technologies

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

84

Role of PPP in Affordable Housing

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

85

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

86

JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance

No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million

No of Houses under Progress 0265 million

Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores

(BSUP+IHSDP)

997

achieved

Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of

Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline

Target of 27 cities

27 cities

achieved

Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of

developed land for EWSLIG Timeline

Target of 16 cities

16 cities

achieved

The JNNURM Initiative

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

87

i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP

ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath

iii Vector-free housing layout

iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces

v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and

vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness

Inclusive Planning amp Architecture

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

88

Recommendations

bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100

ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households

ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs

ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment

ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure

ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by

ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and

conversion of agricultural lands for urban use

ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for

making a proper assessment of land

requirements and allocation of such lands for

different uses

ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

89

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

90

Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

91

Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels

Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

92

SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66

References

Inferences

Books

Internet

Case Studies

Library references

bullNational Building Codes

bullGreen Households Domestic consumers

environment and sustainability

bullSustainable design practice

bullModern architecture

bullGaia House Design

bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy

Charles chorea and Raj

Reval

bullIntach library

Net references

bullWikipediacom

bullGooglecoin

bullDDA website

bullWHO living

standards

Case studies

bullResidences in old

Delhi

bullOther

contemporary

houses in

surrounding

houses

References

Page 17: Dessertation ii sem [autosaved]

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 17

THE DEMAND MODEL METHODOLOGY

The land market is fundamentally described by household choices of location and lot size The outcomes as in all economics arises from the interaction of demand (of household) and supply (of land parcel) Households are characterized by their income and preferences while land supply is characterized by quantity location and lot characteristics Household preferences can be represented by the price each household is willing to pay for each type

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 18

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 19

DEMAND SUPPLY DYNAMICS

bull Short Supply of residential dwellingsbull Supply shortfall existing since post

independencebull In 2005 estimated demand is 2095

million supply is 1897 Millionbull Demand ndash Supply gap is narrowing

bull Low supply of housing for low

income earners

bull As per 11th 5 year plan

- Shortage of 2471 million

dwellings

- Close to 99 of shortage in

EWS amp LIG segment

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 20

BIRTH AND MIGRATION

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 21

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 22

POPULATION AND HOUSING

PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLDS BY NUMBER OF ROOMS

OCCUPIED 1961 ndash 2001( in million )

No of Rooms

occupied 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001

One Room 531 50 458 396 351

Two Rooms 247 27 278 304 295

Three Rooms 103 114 122 148 171

Four or more

Rooms 111 114 121 147 159

No Exclusive

rooms 09 02 21 004 23

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

One Room Two Rooms Three

Rooms

Four or

more

Rooms

No

Exclusive

rooms

d

istr

ibut

ion

of h

ouse

hold

s

Approximate 50 of the households has two and three bed room dwelling units

Source Census of India 2001

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 23

Populatio

n

Residents

with

Buying

Power

Populatio

n under 20

Per

Capita

Income

GDP

Growth

Rate

Housing

Shortage

Estimate

1065

billion

300

million

58 $539 8 22 million

India Demographics Housing Shortage

Housing shortage at the beginning of 11th Five

Year Plan (142007)

2471 million

dwelling units

Additional Housing Requirement for the 11th

Plan ( 2007-2012)

182 million dwelling

units

Total housing requirement during 11th Plan

Period including the carried over housing shortage

2653 Million

dwelling units

TOTAL HOUSING SHORTAGE

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 24

CATEGORY VISE HOUSING SHORTAGE

Estimated Urban Housing Unit Shortage as on 142007

More than 99 shortage is for EWSLIG segments

Total 2471 m 10000EWS 2178 m 8814LIG 289 m 1169MIG amp HIG 004 m 016

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 25

28

46

618

Source Annual Report 2006-07 MoHUPA

Slum Population as age of total urban population is given in parenthesis

GROWTH OF SLUMS

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 26

The housing requirement for the Rs3-10 Lakh income group is approx206 million units by 2011translating to a market size of Rs3300billion or USD 66 billion

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 27

SUGGESTED PARAMETER FOR HOUSING

EWS LIG MIG

Size 300-600 sq ft carpet area Not exceeding 1200 sq ft

carpet area

Cost Not exceeding 4 times

household gross annual

income

Not exceeding 5 times

household gross annual

income

EMIRent Not exceeding 30 of gross

monthly income

Not exceeding 40 of gross

monthly income

AFFORDABLE HOUSING THE CONCEPT AND ISSUES

Difficult to adopt a lsquoone-size-fits-allrsquo concept

Government should undertake a separate exercise to estimate the number of

households falling under the lsquoaffordable housingrsquo category

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 28

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 29

NCR revealed a number of interesting facts during the household survey carriedout in order to ascertain the affordability of the various income groups at citylevel Table 6 depicts in detail the maximum affordable EMI of households invarious income levels This EMI has been estimated from the annual income ofhousehold and its spending and saving behaviour The maximum EMI has beentranslated into affordable house property value based on an assumed interestrate loan tenure and loan to value ratio The table also shows the capital valuesthat the households will have to pay keeping in view the preferred house size andthe affordable house property value An interesting point that was inferred fromthe survey results was that the income groups of Rs3-5 Lakh and Rs5-6 Lakhpreferred similar sized units for their housing needs Both the income categoriesexpressed the area of their residential units in the range of 700-800 sqftHowever while this allows the lower income group to purchase a property withan average price of Rs2300sqft the same enabled the higher income group ofRs5-6 lakh to opt for properties in the range of Rs2900-3650sqft MeanwhileNCR spanning a larger area with vast land parcels available for residentialdevelopment provides varied location options for the residents of the city tofulfill their housing needs The category of households with income of Rs6 lakhand above can afford residential units in select pockets of the newly developedzones in Gurgaon Noida as well as along NH-2 and NH-24 Though these locationssuit the budget preference of households they are located about 30 kms from theCBD area of Delhi ie Connaught Place For example residential locations inGurgaon and Noida are atleast 30 kms from the CBD Residential locations on NH24 Ghaziabad and NH 2 Faridabad are about 35 kms and 27 kms respectivelyfrom the CBD Meanwhile if households especially those in the income categoryof Rs3-5 Lakh are willing to compromise on unit

IDENTIFYING AFFORDABILITY

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 30

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 31

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 32

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 33

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 34

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 35

H

H

H

H

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 36

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 37

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 38

Objectives

bull To facilitate the incorporation of affordable housing in residential and mixed-use developments

bull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing in locations with easy accessto shops transport and government

and community servicesbull To ensure appropriate car parking provision for household requirementsbull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing through management and

ownership considerations

Diversity of affordable

housing

The affordable housingdevelopment provides

bull one two andor three-bedroom dwelling typesandor

bull apartments

Car parking

Car parking provision isappropriate for site location andhousehold requirements and isprovided on the site

Location of affordable

housing

Affordable housing is locatedclose to or has easy access toshops employment transportand government and communityservices

PROVISION AND LOCATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 39

Objectives

Integrating affordable housing

Affordable housing is integrated into new residential and mixed-usedevelopments where it is not a stand-alone development on its own site

Suggested responses

INTEGRATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 40Transforming Shelters-A journey of affordable Luxury

40

Objectives

bull To ensure site planning and related design responses facilitate good housingoutcomes

PrivacyDwellings are designed toacknowledge the differentrequirements for privacy andcontrol in the transition1) from public spaces2) through the privately controlledbut publicly visibleor semi-private shared space tothe dwelling entry and3) onto its private open space

Addressing public space

A dwelling adjacent to a streetor park addresses themfunctionally and visually (Onlarge sites communal openspaces are the equivalent of apublic park)

Privacy within the development

Development does notsignificantly reduce privacy anddaylight to private open spaces

Legibility of accessAccess to and sense of entry to adwelling fronting a street or aninternal path network is clearand unambiguous

SITE PLANNING OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 41

41

External circulationExternal pathways serving anindividual dwelling or multiples ofdwellings within a developmentare designed to suit the needs andvolume of intended occupantsand users

Carparking and streetpresentation

The street frontage of thedevelopment is not dominatedby car parking areas orstructures rubbish binenclosures and utility structures

Planting

Landscaping forms an integralcomponent of the designof the development

Territoriality

bull To aid the control of externalspaces by immediatelyadjacent households theterritorial boundaries of thesespaces are clearly delineated

bull Access by the general publicthrough the site is preventedand if this is unachievable thepath should be treated like apublic realm area

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 42

Objectives

bull To facilitate the provision of comfortable pleasant safe efficient and cost-effective accommodation for the intended occupants of affordable housing

bull To facilitate the incorporation of adaptable housing design principles inaffordable housing

All dwelling types are providedwith an appropriately located andfunctional arearsquos like

External entry areas

Internal entry areas

Livingdining areas

Kitchens

Bathrooms

Hallways

Bedrooms

Storage Area

Clothes Drying

Stairs and lifts( as per

NBC)

Open space

Security Adaptable housing

DESIGN OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 43

Every room intended for human habitation shall abut on aninterior or exterior open space or an open VERANDAH open tosuch interior or exterior open space

SKETCH FOR EXAMPLECONTRARY IMAGE FOUND IN SURVEY

For streets less than 75 m in width the distance of the building (building line) shall beat least 5 m from the centre line of the street

FRONT OPEN SPACES

OPEN SPACES WITHIN A PLOT

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 44

44

Residential and Commercial Zones

In any layout or sub-division of land measuring 03 hectare of

more in residential and commercial zones the community open

spaces shall be reserved for recreational purposes which shall as

far as possible be provided in one place or planned out for the

use of the community in clusters or pockets

The community open spaces shall be provided catering to the

needs of area of layout population for which the layout is

planned and the category of dwelling units The following

minimum provision shall be made

a) 15 percent of the area of the layout or

b) 03 to 04rsquo ha1 000 persons for low income housing the open

spaces shall be 03 ha1 000 persons

No recreational space shall generally be less than 450 sqm

the building line shall beat least 3 m away from the boundary of

recreational open space

Community open spaces and amenities

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 45

Width of Means of Access

The residential plots shall abut

on a public means of access

like street-oad Plots which do

not abut on a streethoad shall

abuthont on a means of access

the width and other

requirements of which shall be

as given in Table 1

In no case development on plots shall be permitted unless it is accessible by a public street of width not less than 6 m

MEANS OF ACCESS

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 46

In the case of special housing schemes for low income group

and economically weaker section of society developed up to two

storied row cluster housing scheme the pedestrian pathway

width shall be 3 m subject to provisions of 94l(a) The

pedestrian pathway shall not serve more than 8 plots on each

side of the pathway the length of the pathway shall be not more

than 50 m

No mention of plot sizehelliplarge plots sub-divided and the norm fails

Distance from Electric LinesNo VERANDAH balcony or the like shall be allowed to beerected or re-erected or any additions or alterations made to abuilding within the distances quoted below in accordance withthe current Indian Electricity Rules as amended from time-to-time between the building and any overhead electric supplyline

MEANS OF ACCESS-Cntd

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 47

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 48

Plot SizeThe minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75 percent shall not be less than 40 sqm in small and medium town and not less than 30 sqm in metropolitan cities Plot sizes below 30 sqm but not less than 15 sqm may be permitted in case of cluster planning however in such cases the ground coverage and FSI shall be 100 percent and 2 percent respectively

NOTES1 In exceptional cases in metropolitan cities with population more than 1 million the size of plots may be brought down to 25 sqm in cases of low income housing colonies located in congested areas as decided by the Authority In mega-cities it may be further reduced to 15 m2 In such cases where plot size is below 25 sqm only cluster planning or group housing may be adopted

2 A minimum of 25 percent of the plot size shall be left open without adversely affecting light and ventilation for habitable spaces and toilet It shall not be made mandatory to leave set back on any side

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 49

Vehicular AccessA right of way of at least 6 m width should be provided up to theentrance to the cluster to facilitate emergency vehicle movement up tocluster

DensityCluster planning methodologies result in higher densities with low risestructures With per dwelling unit covered area of 15 sqm densities of500 dwelling units per hectare (net) shall be permissible Densitieshigher than this should not allowed

Group ToiletCluster housing for economically weaker section families can havegroup toilets at the rate of one water closet one bath and a washingplace for three families

Size of RoomHabitable RoomEvery dwelling unit to be provided should have at least two habitable rooms Even if one room house is provided initially it should be capable of adding a new second room in future However in case single room tenements are required to be provided where future additions are not possible the carpet area of multipurpose single room should be at least 125 m2Such one room dwelling units with 125 m2 carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case of on site rehabilitation of slum dwellers In a house of two rooms first room shall not be less than 90 m2 with minimum width of 25 m and second room shall not be less than 65 m2 with minimum width of 21 m provided the total area of both the rooms is not less than 155 m2 In incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room

SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF CLUSTER PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 51

Life style

Affordability

Social Classification

Life style

SALARY CLASS

BUSINESS CLASS

BOTH WORKING

JOINT FAMILY

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52

Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi

Zone ndashF

a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)

LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53

The component method of design provides a broad frame work for

achieving the described life style objectives

HOUSING COMPONENT

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59

the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60

Desired outcomes Suggested responses

One two and three-bedroom

dwellings

One two and three-bedroom affordable

housing

dwelling types provide rooms of

sufficient dimensions to support the

safe comfortable and convenient use of

and movement around furniture

facilities and fittings needed by

householders

Studio apartments

Studio apartment rooms provide

adequate space for the function of

individual units including

bull sleeping living dining and kitchen

areas and

bull adequate bathroom laundry and

clothes dryingfacilities

Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table

Studio apartments generally conform to a

minimum

gross floor area of 30m2

The room sizes generally conform to the

following table

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61

Afordability Survey and Analysis

Category

Sample

Income group

Current status

Current Facilities Wishlist

Affordable EMI Analysis

Low

Inco

me

Gro

up

case

-1

A small 2BHK unit

of approx

35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs

lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)

4000

Rentedcommon washrooms

separate washroom

1500 PM no privacy Privacy

Mid

dle

Cla

ss

case

-1

10000-35000

Single 2BHK Family 2bhk

A Good 23BHK unit of approx

100 sqyard in range of

18-25 lacs

Rented Good location 7000

11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry

Bigger balcony

More natural light

Bigger Bedrooms

Good storage Space

case

-2

10000-35000

Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms

RentedBigger living area

7000 PM Good height 10000

Minimum shafts

small kitchenlaundry

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62

EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT

AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1

Category - EWS

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR

CASE -2

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35

CASE -3

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE

5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25

35

40

25

30

1060

30

1060

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63

63

AREA -DAYANAND COLONY

CASE -1

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

1010

30

50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65

GENERAL PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68

NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69

SPACE RELATIONSHIP

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71

Approach for investigating

affordable housing

Knowledge about future

house

Knowledge about present

house

Knowledge about Family

Payment Method

Preferred Area

PreferredLocation

Affordability

TypologicalPreferences

SpacePreferences

Location winNeighborhood

AdvantagesDis

Home TypeOwnershipStatus

Location

NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces

Degree ofSatisfaction

Income level

No of Family Members

EducationalLevel

(husbandwife)

Work Sector

No of Cars

Domestic Labor

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

72

AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

10

10

30

50

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

73

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

74

Conclusion

While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are

increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as

televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While

we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an

auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living

in a slum-like dwelling

It is understandable that economic

growth leads to rise in income but this

has led to even faster rise in property

prices leaving it unaffordable for majority

of population Affordable housing is

expected to have a positive by improving

basic quality of life Problems like traffic

congestion air quality commute times

etc can be resolved by providing proper

housing facilities to the weaker sections

of the society While the concept of

affordable housing seems to be a simple

solution to current housing woes its

execution remains complicated due to the

unclear policy framework To make

affordable housing work in India it would

require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by

slightly adjusting their interests towards a

wider social cause

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

75

Land use planning and

development

The project of the poor

Development standards

Land supply

Land value

Land affordability

Subdivision

Land market

Allocation

Demand

Intervention rationale

Neo liberalism

Site and Service

Subdivision

Land policy

Efficiency and equity

Land management

Direct intervention world

bank

Learning by doing

Site and service

subdivision

Poverty alleviation

Suitability and

acceptability

Affordability standards

subdivision

Intervention usually takes three broad categories

bull planning regulations

bull direct government investments and

bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation

Land management improvements

Example Land Readjustment

direct public investment

Example land banking

Example Site-and-Service

OBJECTIVES

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at

1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on

rental or ownership basis

2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter

options especially to the vulnerable groups

and the poor

3 Ensuring that housing along with the

supporting services is treated as a priority and

at par with infrastructure sector

4 Removing barriers related to legal financial

and administrative for facilitating access to

land finance and technology

5 Forging strong partnership between private

public and cooperative sectors to enhance the

capacity of the construction industry to

participate in every sphere of housing and

habitat

6 Using technology for modernizing the

housing sector to increase efficiency

productivity energy efficiency and quality

7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions

and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for

adding to the housing stock

THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including

formulation of effective

foreclosure laws

bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of

resources to the

housing and infrastructure sector

bull Develop a debt market for housing and

infrastructure fully integrated

with the financial markets in the country

bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the

requirement of low cost funds

for the housing needs of the poor

bull Promote research and development and transfer of

technology for

construction of houses

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available

resources to promote development and growth in a

sustained manner

bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing

infrastructure innovative and energy saving

construction materials and methods and also set up

a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the

concessions are correctly targeted and utilized

bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological

standards to protect the environment and provide a

better quality of life in human settlements

bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage

market

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD

1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a

boost to housing and supporting infrastructure

2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in

undertaking housing construction for all segments in

urban and rural areas

3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to

land

4 Facilitate training of construction workers by

converging other development programs through

building centers and other agencies

5 Promote decentralized production and availability of

building material

6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their

responsibilities in regulatory and development

functions

THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare

District Housing Action Plans for rural areas

2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and

augment supply of land for housing particularly

for the vulnerable group

3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural

infrastructure services

4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for

planned development

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE

COMPANIES WOULD

1 Redefine their role and move away from their

traditional approach to housing finance

2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the

needs of people

3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to

those who are in dire need of housing finance

support

4 Mobilize resources from provident funds

insurance funds mutual funds etc For house

building activities

5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize

domestic savings

HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS

DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND

OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role

for facilitating land assembly and development of

infrastructure

2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and

cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient

manner

3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement

THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND

CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD

1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of

houses and development of amenities

2 Forge partnership with state governments and local

authorities for construction of houses

3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out

schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization

basis

RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

ORGANIZATIONS WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw

materials

2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace

them with renewable resources

3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by

various public and private construction agencies

4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and

construction methods

5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the

housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste

based energy

6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new

constructions as well as strengthening of existing

houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and

human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes

cyclones and floods

7 Disseminate (spread) information about new

technologies and provide training to construction

workers in the use of new technologies

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

84

Role of PPP in Affordable Housing

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

85

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

86

JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance

No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million

No of Houses under Progress 0265 million

Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores

(BSUP+IHSDP)

997

achieved

Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of

Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline

Target of 27 cities

27 cities

achieved

Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of

developed land for EWSLIG Timeline

Target of 16 cities

16 cities

achieved

The JNNURM Initiative

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

87

i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP

ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath

iii Vector-free housing layout

iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces

v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and

vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness

Inclusive Planning amp Architecture

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

88

Recommendations

bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100

ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households

ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs

ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment

ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure

ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by

ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and

conversion of agricultural lands for urban use

ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for

making a proper assessment of land

requirements and allocation of such lands for

different uses

ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

89

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

90

Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

91

Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels

Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

92

SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66

References

Inferences

Books

Internet

Case Studies

Library references

bullNational Building Codes

bullGreen Households Domestic consumers

environment and sustainability

bullSustainable design practice

bullModern architecture

bullGaia House Design

bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy

Charles chorea and Raj

Reval

bullIntach library

Net references

bullWikipediacom

bullGooglecoin

bullDDA website

bullWHO living

standards

Case studies

bullResidences in old

Delhi

bullOther

contemporary

houses in

surrounding

houses

References

Page 18: Dessertation ii sem [autosaved]

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 18

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 19

DEMAND SUPPLY DYNAMICS

bull Short Supply of residential dwellingsbull Supply shortfall existing since post

independencebull In 2005 estimated demand is 2095

million supply is 1897 Millionbull Demand ndash Supply gap is narrowing

bull Low supply of housing for low

income earners

bull As per 11th 5 year plan

- Shortage of 2471 million

dwellings

- Close to 99 of shortage in

EWS amp LIG segment

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 20

BIRTH AND MIGRATION

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 21

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 22

POPULATION AND HOUSING

PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLDS BY NUMBER OF ROOMS

OCCUPIED 1961 ndash 2001( in million )

No of Rooms

occupied 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001

One Room 531 50 458 396 351

Two Rooms 247 27 278 304 295

Three Rooms 103 114 122 148 171

Four or more

Rooms 111 114 121 147 159

No Exclusive

rooms 09 02 21 004 23

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

One Room Two Rooms Three

Rooms

Four or

more

Rooms

No

Exclusive

rooms

d

istr

ibut

ion

of h

ouse

hold

s

Approximate 50 of the households has two and three bed room dwelling units

Source Census of India 2001

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 23

Populatio

n

Residents

with

Buying

Power

Populatio

n under 20

Per

Capita

Income

GDP

Growth

Rate

Housing

Shortage

Estimate

1065

billion

300

million

58 $539 8 22 million

India Demographics Housing Shortage

Housing shortage at the beginning of 11th Five

Year Plan (142007)

2471 million

dwelling units

Additional Housing Requirement for the 11th

Plan ( 2007-2012)

182 million dwelling

units

Total housing requirement during 11th Plan

Period including the carried over housing shortage

2653 Million

dwelling units

TOTAL HOUSING SHORTAGE

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 24

CATEGORY VISE HOUSING SHORTAGE

Estimated Urban Housing Unit Shortage as on 142007

More than 99 shortage is for EWSLIG segments

Total 2471 m 10000EWS 2178 m 8814LIG 289 m 1169MIG amp HIG 004 m 016

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 25

28

46

618

Source Annual Report 2006-07 MoHUPA

Slum Population as age of total urban population is given in parenthesis

GROWTH OF SLUMS

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 26

The housing requirement for the Rs3-10 Lakh income group is approx206 million units by 2011translating to a market size of Rs3300billion or USD 66 billion

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 27

SUGGESTED PARAMETER FOR HOUSING

EWS LIG MIG

Size 300-600 sq ft carpet area Not exceeding 1200 sq ft

carpet area

Cost Not exceeding 4 times

household gross annual

income

Not exceeding 5 times

household gross annual

income

EMIRent Not exceeding 30 of gross

monthly income

Not exceeding 40 of gross

monthly income

AFFORDABLE HOUSING THE CONCEPT AND ISSUES

Difficult to adopt a lsquoone-size-fits-allrsquo concept

Government should undertake a separate exercise to estimate the number of

households falling under the lsquoaffordable housingrsquo category

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 28

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 29

NCR revealed a number of interesting facts during the household survey carriedout in order to ascertain the affordability of the various income groups at citylevel Table 6 depicts in detail the maximum affordable EMI of households invarious income levels This EMI has been estimated from the annual income ofhousehold and its spending and saving behaviour The maximum EMI has beentranslated into affordable house property value based on an assumed interestrate loan tenure and loan to value ratio The table also shows the capital valuesthat the households will have to pay keeping in view the preferred house size andthe affordable house property value An interesting point that was inferred fromthe survey results was that the income groups of Rs3-5 Lakh and Rs5-6 Lakhpreferred similar sized units for their housing needs Both the income categoriesexpressed the area of their residential units in the range of 700-800 sqftHowever while this allows the lower income group to purchase a property withan average price of Rs2300sqft the same enabled the higher income group ofRs5-6 lakh to opt for properties in the range of Rs2900-3650sqft MeanwhileNCR spanning a larger area with vast land parcels available for residentialdevelopment provides varied location options for the residents of the city tofulfill their housing needs The category of households with income of Rs6 lakhand above can afford residential units in select pockets of the newly developedzones in Gurgaon Noida as well as along NH-2 and NH-24 Though these locationssuit the budget preference of households they are located about 30 kms from theCBD area of Delhi ie Connaught Place For example residential locations inGurgaon and Noida are atleast 30 kms from the CBD Residential locations on NH24 Ghaziabad and NH 2 Faridabad are about 35 kms and 27 kms respectivelyfrom the CBD Meanwhile if households especially those in the income categoryof Rs3-5 Lakh are willing to compromise on unit

IDENTIFYING AFFORDABILITY

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 30

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 31

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 32

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 33

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 34

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 35

H

H

H

H

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 36

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 37

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 38

Objectives

bull To facilitate the incorporation of affordable housing in residential and mixed-use developments

bull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing in locations with easy accessto shops transport and government

and community servicesbull To ensure appropriate car parking provision for household requirementsbull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing through management and

ownership considerations

Diversity of affordable

housing

The affordable housingdevelopment provides

bull one two andor three-bedroom dwelling typesandor

bull apartments

Car parking

Car parking provision isappropriate for site location andhousehold requirements and isprovided on the site

Location of affordable

housing

Affordable housing is locatedclose to or has easy access toshops employment transportand government and communityservices

PROVISION AND LOCATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 39

Objectives

Integrating affordable housing

Affordable housing is integrated into new residential and mixed-usedevelopments where it is not a stand-alone development on its own site

Suggested responses

INTEGRATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 40Transforming Shelters-A journey of affordable Luxury

40

Objectives

bull To ensure site planning and related design responses facilitate good housingoutcomes

PrivacyDwellings are designed toacknowledge the differentrequirements for privacy andcontrol in the transition1) from public spaces2) through the privately controlledbut publicly visibleor semi-private shared space tothe dwelling entry and3) onto its private open space

Addressing public space

A dwelling adjacent to a streetor park addresses themfunctionally and visually (Onlarge sites communal openspaces are the equivalent of apublic park)

Privacy within the development

Development does notsignificantly reduce privacy anddaylight to private open spaces

Legibility of accessAccess to and sense of entry to adwelling fronting a street or aninternal path network is clearand unambiguous

SITE PLANNING OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 41

41

External circulationExternal pathways serving anindividual dwelling or multiples ofdwellings within a developmentare designed to suit the needs andvolume of intended occupantsand users

Carparking and streetpresentation

The street frontage of thedevelopment is not dominatedby car parking areas orstructures rubbish binenclosures and utility structures

Planting

Landscaping forms an integralcomponent of the designof the development

Territoriality

bull To aid the control of externalspaces by immediatelyadjacent households theterritorial boundaries of thesespaces are clearly delineated

bull Access by the general publicthrough the site is preventedand if this is unachievable thepath should be treated like apublic realm area

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 42

Objectives

bull To facilitate the provision of comfortable pleasant safe efficient and cost-effective accommodation for the intended occupants of affordable housing

bull To facilitate the incorporation of adaptable housing design principles inaffordable housing

All dwelling types are providedwith an appropriately located andfunctional arearsquos like

External entry areas

Internal entry areas

Livingdining areas

Kitchens

Bathrooms

Hallways

Bedrooms

Storage Area

Clothes Drying

Stairs and lifts( as per

NBC)

Open space

Security Adaptable housing

DESIGN OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 43

Every room intended for human habitation shall abut on aninterior or exterior open space or an open VERANDAH open tosuch interior or exterior open space

SKETCH FOR EXAMPLECONTRARY IMAGE FOUND IN SURVEY

For streets less than 75 m in width the distance of the building (building line) shall beat least 5 m from the centre line of the street

FRONT OPEN SPACES

OPEN SPACES WITHIN A PLOT

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 44

44

Residential and Commercial Zones

In any layout or sub-division of land measuring 03 hectare of

more in residential and commercial zones the community open

spaces shall be reserved for recreational purposes which shall as

far as possible be provided in one place or planned out for the

use of the community in clusters or pockets

The community open spaces shall be provided catering to the

needs of area of layout population for which the layout is

planned and the category of dwelling units The following

minimum provision shall be made

a) 15 percent of the area of the layout or

b) 03 to 04rsquo ha1 000 persons for low income housing the open

spaces shall be 03 ha1 000 persons

No recreational space shall generally be less than 450 sqm

the building line shall beat least 3 m away from the boundary of

recreational open space

Community open spaces and amenities

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 45

Width of Means of Access

The residential plots shall abut

on a public means of access

like street-oad Plots which do

not abut on a streethoad shall

abuthont on a means of access

the width and other

requirements of which shall be

as given in Table 1

In no case development on plots shall be permitted unless it is accessible by a public street of width not less than 6 m

MEANS OF ACCESS

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 46

In the case of special housing schemes for low income group

and economically weaker section of society developed up to two

storied row cluster housing scheme the pedestrian pathway

width shall be 3 m subject to provisions of 94l(a) The

pedestrian pathway shall not serve more than 8 plots on each

side of the pathway the length of the pathway shall be not more

than 50 m

No mention of plot sizehelliplarge plots sub-divided and the norm fails

Distance from Electric LinesNo VERANDAH balcony or the like shall be allowed to beerected or re-erected or any additions or alterations made to abuilding within the distances quoted below in accordance withthe current Indian Electricity Rules as amended from time-to-time between the building and any overhead electric supplyline

MEANS OF ACCESS-Cntd

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 47

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 48

Plot SizeThe minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75 percent shall not be less than 40 sqm in small and medium town and not less than 30 sqm in metropolitan cities Plot sizes below 30 sqm but not less than 15 sqm may be permitted in case of cluster planning however in such cases the ground coverage and FSI shall be 100 percent and 2 percent respectively

NOTES1 In exceptional cases in metropolitan cities with population more than 1 million the size of plots may be brought down to 25 sqm in cases of low income housing colonies located in congested areas as decided by the Authority In mega-cities it may be further reduced to 15 m2 In such cases where plot size is below 25 sqm only cluster planning or group housing may be adopted

2 A minimum of 25 percent of the plot size shall be left open without adversely affecting light and ventilation for habitable spaces and toilet It shall not be made mandatory to leave set back on any side

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 49

Vehicular AccessA right of way of at least 6 m width should be provided up to theentrance to the cluster to facilitate emergency vehicle movement up tocluster

DensityCluster planning methodologies result in higher densities with low risestructures With per dwelling unit covered area of 15 sqm densities of500 dwelling units per hectare (net) shall be permissible Densitieshigher than this should not allowed

Group ToiletCluster housing for economically weaker section families can havegroup toilets at the rate of one water closet one bath and a washingplace for three families

Size of RoomHabitable RoomEvery dwelling unit to be provided should have at least two habitable rooms Even if one room house is provided initially it should be capable of adding a new second room in future However in case single room tenements are required to be provided where future additions are not possible the carpet area of multipurpose single room should be at least 125 m2Such one room dwelling units with 125 m2 carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case of on site rehabilitation of slum dwellers In a house of two rooms first room shall not be less than 90 m2 with minimum width of 25 m and second room shall not be less than 65 m2 with minimum width of 21 m provided the total area of both the rooms is not less than 155 m2 In incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room

SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF CLUSTER PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 51

Life style

Affordability

Social Classification

Life style

SALARY CLASS

BUSINESS CLASS

BOTH WORKING

JOINT FAMILY

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52

Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi

Zone ndashF

a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)

LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53

The component method of design provides a broad frame work for

achieving the described life style objectives

HOUSING COMPONENT

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59

the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60

Desired outcomes Suggested responses

One two and three-bedroom

dwellings

One two and three-bedroom affordable

housing

dwelling types provide rooms of

sufficient dimensions to support the

safe comfortable and convenient use of

and movement around furniture

facilities and fittings needed by

householders

Studio apartments

Studio apartment rooms provide

adequate space for the function of

individual units including

bull sleeping living dining and kitchen

areas and

bull adequate bathroom laundry and

clothes dryingfacilities

Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table

Studio apartments generally conform to a

minimum

gross floor area of 30m2

The room sizes generally conform to the

following table

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61

Afordability Survey and Analysis

Category

Sample

Income group

Current status

Current Facilities Wishlist

Affordable EMI Analysis

Low

Inco

me

Gro

up

case

-1

A small 2BHK unit

of approx

35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs

lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)

4000

Rentedcommon washrooms

separate washroom

1500 PM no privacy Privacy

Mid

dle

Cla

ss

case

-1

10000-35000

Single 2BHK Family 2bhk

A Good 23BHK unit of approx

100 sqyard in range of

18-25 lacs

Rented Good location 7000

11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry

Bigger balcony

More natural light

Bigger Bedrooms

Good storage Space

case

-2

10000-35000

Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms

RentedBigger living area

7000 PM Good height 10000

Minimum shafts

small kitchenlaundry

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62

EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT

AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1

Category - EWS

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR

CASE -2

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35

CASE -3

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE

5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25

35

40

25

30

1060

30

1060

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63

63

AREA -DAYANAND COLONY

CASE -1

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

1010

30

50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65

GENERAL PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68

NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69

SPACE RELATIONSHIP

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71

Approach for investigating

affordable housing

Knowledge about future

house

Knowledge about present

house

Knowledge about Family

Payment Method

Preferred Area

PreferredLocation

Affordability

TypologicalPreferences

SpacePreferences

Location winNeighborhood

AdvantagesDis

Home TypeOwnershipStatus

Location

NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces

Degree ofSatisfaction

Income level

No of Family Members

EducationalLevel

(husbandwife)

Work Sector

No of Cars

Domestic Labor

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

72

AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

10

10

30

50

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

73

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

74

Conclusion

While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are

increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as

televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While

we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an

auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living

in a slum-like dwelling

It is understandable that economic

growth leads to rise in income but this

has led to even faster rise in property

prices leaving it unaffordable for majority

of population Affordable housing is

expected to have a positive by improving

basic quality of life Problems like traffic

congestion air quality commute times

etc can be resolved by providing proper

housing facilities to the weaker sections

of the society While the concept of

affordable housing seems to be a simple

solution to current housing woes its

execution remains complicated due to the

unclear policy framework To make

affordable housing work in India it would

require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by

slightly adjusting their interests towards a

wider social cause

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

75

Land use planning and

development

The project of the poor

Development standards

Land supply

Land value

Land affordability

Subdivision

Land market

Allocation

Demand

Intervention rationale

Neo liberalism

Site and Service

Subdivision

Land policy

Efficiency and equity

Land management

Direct intervention world

bank

Learning by doing

Site and service

subdivision

Poverty alleviation

Suitability and

acceptability

Affordability standards

subdivision

Intervention usually takes three broad categories

bull planning regulations

bull direct government investments and

bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation

Land management improvements

Example Land Readjustment

direct public investment

Example land banking

Example Site-and-Service

OBJECTIVES

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at

1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on

rental or ownership basis

2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter

options especially to the vulnerable groups

and the poor

3 Ensuring that housing along with the

supporting services is treated as a priority and

at par with infrastructure sector

4 Removing barriers related to legal financial

and administrative for facilitating access to

land finance and technology

5 Forging strong partnership between private

public and cooperative sectors to enhance the

capacity of the construction industry to

participate in every sphere of housing and

habitat

6 Using technology for modernizing the

housing sector to increase efficiency

productivity energy efficiency and quality

7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions

and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for

adding to the housing stock

THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including

formulation of effective

foreclosure laws

bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of

resources to the

housing and infrastructure sector

bull Develop a debt market for housing and

infrastructure fully integrated

with the financial markets in the country

bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the

requirement of low cost funds

for the housing needs of the poor

bull Promote research and development and transfer of

technology for

construction of houses

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available

resources to promote development and growth in a

sustained manner

bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing

infrastructure innovative and energy saving

construction materials and methods and also set up

a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the

concessions are correctly targeted and utilized

bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological

standards to protect the environment and provide a

better quality of life in human settlements

bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage

market

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD

1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a

boost to housing and supporting infrastructure

2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in

undertaking housing construction for all segments in

urban and rural areas

3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to

land

4 Facilitate training of construction workers by

converging other development programs through

building centers and other agencies

5 Promote decentralized production and availability of

building material

6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their

responsibilities in regulatory and development

functions

THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare

District Housing Action Plans for rural areas

2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and

augment supply of land for housing particularly

for the vulnerable group

3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural

infrastructure services

4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for

planned development

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE

COMPANIES WOULD

1 Redefine their role and move away from their

traditional approach to housing finance

2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the

needs of people

3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to

those who are in dire need of housing finance

support

4 Mobilize resources from provident funds

insurance funds mutual funds etc For house

building activities

5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize

domestic savings

HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS

DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND

OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role

for facilitating land assembly and development of

infrastructure

2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and

cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient

manner

3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement

THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND

CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD

1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of

houses and development of amenities

2 Forge partnership with state governments and local

authorities for construction of houses

3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out

schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization

basis

RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

ORGANIZATIONS WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw

materials

2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace

them with renewable resources

3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by

various public and private construction agencies

4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and

construction methods

5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the

housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste

based energy

6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new

constructions as well as strengthening of existing

houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and

human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes

cyclones and floods

7 Disseminate (spread) information about new

technologies and provide training to construction

workers in the use of new technologies

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

84

Role of PPP in Affordable Housing

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

85

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

86

JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance

No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million

No of Houses under Progress 0265 million

Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores

(BSUP+IHSDP)

997

achieved

Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of

Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline

Target of 27 cities

27 cities

achieved

Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of

developed land for EWSLIG Timeline

Target of 16 cities

16 cities

achieved

The JNNURM Initiative

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

87

i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP

ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath

iii Vector-free housing layout

iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces

v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and

vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness

Inclusive Planning amp Architecture

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

88

Recommendations

bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100

ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households

ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs

ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment

ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure

ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by

ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and

conversion of agricultural lands for urban use

ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for

making a proper assessment of land

requirements and allocation of such lands for

different uses

ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

89

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

90

Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

91

Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels

Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

92

SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66

References

Inferences

Books

Internet

Case Studies

Library references

bullNational Building Codes

bullGreen Households Domestic consumers

environment and sustainability

bullSustainable design practice

bullModern architecture

bullGaia House Design

bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy

Charles chorea and Raj

Reval

bullIntach library

Net references

bullWikipediacom

bullGooglecoin

bullDDA website

bullWHO living

standards

Case studies

bullResidences in old

Delhi

bullOther

contemporary

houses in

surrounding

houses

References

Page 19: Dessertation ii sem [autosaved]

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 19

DEMAND SUPPLY DYNAMICS

bull Short Supply of residential dwellingsbull Supply shortfall existing since post

independencebull In 2005 estimated demand is 2095

million supply is 1897 Millionbull Demand ndash Supply gap is narrowing

bull Low supply of housing for low

income earners

bull As per 11th 5 year plan

- Shortage of 2471 million

dwellings

- Close to 99 of shortage in

EWS amp LIG segment

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 20

BIRTH AND MIGRATION

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 21

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 22

POPULATION AND HOUSING

PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLDS BY NUMBER OF ROOMS

OCCUPIED 1961 ndash 2001( in million )

No of Rooms

occupied 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001

One Room 531 50 458 396 351

Two Rooms 247 27 278 304 295

Three Rooms 103 114 122 148 171

Four or more

Rooms 111 114 121 147 159

No Exclusive

rooms 09 02 21 004 23

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

One Room Two Rooms Three

Rooms

Four or

more

Rooms

No

Exclusive

rooms

d

istr

ibut

ion

of h

ouse

hold

s

Approximate 50 of the households has two and three bed room dwelling units

Source Census of India 2001

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 23

Populatio

n

Residents

with

Buying

Power

Populatio

n under 20

Per

Capita

Income

GDP

Growth

Rate

Housing

Shortage

Estimate

1065

billion

300

million

58 $539 8 22 million

India Demographics Housing Shortage

Housing shortage at the beginning of 11th Five

Year Plan (142007)

2471 million

dwelling units

Additional Housing Requirement for the 11th

Plan ( 2007-2012)

182 million dwelling

units

Total housing requirement during 11th Plan

Period including the carried over housing shortage

2653 Million

dwelling units

TOTAL HOUSING SHORTAGE

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 24

CATEGORY VISE HOUSING SHORTAGE

Estimated Urban Housing Unit Shortage as on 142007

More than 99 shortage is for EWSLIG segments

Total 2471 m 10000EWS 2178 m 8814LIG 289 m 1169MIG amp HIG 004 m 016

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 25

28

46

618

Source Annual Report 2006-07 MoHUPA

Slum Population as age of total urban population is given in parenthesis

GROWTH OF SLUMS

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 26

The housing requirement for the Rs3-10 Lakh income group is approx206 million units by 2011translating to a market size of Rs3300billion or USD 66 billion

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 27

SUGGESTED PARAMETER FOR HOUSING

EWS LIG MIG

Size 300-600 sq ft carpet area Not exceeding 1200 sq ft

carpet area

Cost Not exceeding 4 times

household gross annual

income

Not exceeding 5 times

household gross annual

income

EMIRent Not exceeding 30 of gross

monthly income

Not exceeding 40 of gross

monthly income

AFFORDABLE HOUSING THE CONCEPT AND ISSUES

Difficult to adopt a lsquoone-size-fits-allrsquo concept

Government should undertake a separate exercise to estimate the number of

households falling under the lsquoaffordable housingrsquo category

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 28

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 29

NCR revealed a number of interesting facts during the household survey carriedout in order to ascertain the affordability of the various income groups at citylevel Table 6 depicts in detail the maximum affordable EMI of households invarious income levels This EMI has been estimated from the annual income ofhousehold and its spending and saving behaviour The maximum EMI has beentranslated into affordable house property value based on an assumed interestrate loan tenure and loan to value ratio The table also shows the capital valuesthat the households will have to pay keeping in view the preferred house size andthe affordable house property value An interesting point that was inferred fromthe survey results was that the income groups of Rs3-5 Lakh and Rs5-6 Lakhpreferred similar sized units for their housing needs Both the income categoriesexpressed the area of their residential units in the range of 700-800 sqftHowever while this allows the lower income group to purchase a property withan average price of Rs2300sqft the same enabled the higher income group ofRs5-6 lakh to opt for properties in the range of Rs2900-3650sqft MeanwhileNCR spanning a larger area with vast land parcels available for residentialdevelopment provides varied location options for the residents of the city tofulfill their housing needs The category of households with income of Rs6 lakhand above can afford residential units in select pockets of the newly developedzones in Gurgaon Noida as well as along NH-2 and NH-24 Though these locationssuit the budget preference of households they are located about 30 kms from theCBD area of Delhi ie Connaught Place For example residential locations inGurgaon and Noida are atleast 30 kms from the CBD Residential locations on NH24 Ghaziabad and NH 2 Faridabad are about 35 kms and 27 kms respectivelyfrom the CBD Meanwhile if households especially those in the income categoryof Rs3-5 Lakh are willing to compromise on unit

IDENTIFYING AFFORDABILITY

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 30

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 31

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 32

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 33

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 34

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 35

H

H

H

H

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 36

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 37

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 38

Objectives

bull To facilitate the incorporation of affordable housing in residential and mixed-use developments

bull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing in locations with easy accessto shops transport and government

and community servicesbull To ensure appropriate car parking provision for household requirementsbull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing through management and

ownership considerations

Diversity of affordable

housing

The affordable housingdevelopment provides

bull one two andor three-bedroom dwelling typesandor

bull apartments

Car parking

Car parking provision isappropriate for site location andhousehold requirements and isprovided on the site

Location of affordable

housing

Affordable housing is locatedclose to or has easy access toshops employment transportand government and communityservices

PROVISION AND LOCATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 39

Objectives

Integrating affordable housing

Affordable housing is integrated into new residential and mixed-usedevelopments where it is not a stand-alone development on its own site

Suggested responses

INTEGRATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 40Transforming Shelters-A journey of affordable Luxury

40

Objectives

bull To ensure site planning and related design responses facilitate good housingoutcomes

PrivacyDwellings are designed toacknowledge the differentrequirements for privacy andcontrol in the transition1) from public spaces2) through the privately controlledbut publicly visibleor semi-private shared space tothe dwelling entry and3) onto its private open space

Addressing public space

A dwelling adjacent to a streetor park addresses themfunctionally and visually (Onlarge sites communal openspaces are the equivalent of apublic park)

Privacy within the development

Development does notsignificantly reduce privacy anddaylight to private open spaces

Legibility of accessAccess to and sense of entry to adwelling fronting a street or aninternal path network is clearand unambiguous

SITE PLANNING OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 41

41

External circulationExternal pathways serving anindividual dwelling or multiples ofdwellings within a developmentare designed to suit the needs andvolume of intended occupantsand users

Carparking and streetpresentation

The street frontage of thedevelopment is not dominatedby car parking areas orstructures rubbish binenclosures and utility structures

Planting

Landscaping forms an integralcomponent of the designof the development

Territoriality

bull To aid the control of externalspaces by immediatelyadjacent households theterritorial boundaries of thesespaces are clearly delineated

bull Access by the general publicthrough the site is preventedand if this is unachievable thepath should be treated like apublic realm area

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 42

Objectives

bull To facilitate the provision of comfortable pleasant safe efficient and cost-effective accommodation for the intended occupants of affordable housing

bull To facilitate the incorporation of adaptable housing design principles inaffordable housing

All dwelling types are providedwith an appropriately located andfunctional arearsquos like

External entry areas

Internal entry areas

Livingdining areas

Kitchens

Bathrooms

Hallways

Bedrooms

Storage Area

Clothes Drying

Stairs and lifts( as per

NBC)

Open space

Security Adaptable housing

DESIGN OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 43

Every room intended for human habitation shall abut on aninterior or exterior open space or an open VERANDAH open tosuch interior or exterior open space

SKETCH FOR EXAMPLECONTRARY IMAGE FOUND IN SURVEY

For streets less than 75 m in width the distance of the building (building line) shall beat least 5 m from the centre line of the street

FRONT OPEN SPACES

OPEN SPACES WITHIN A PLOT

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 44

44

Residential and Commercial Zones

In any layout or sub-division of land measuring 03 hectare of

more in residential and commercial zones the community open

spaces shall be reserved for recreational purposes which shall as

far as possible be provided in one place or planned out for the

use of the community in clusters or pockets

The community open spaces shall be provided catering to the

needs of area of layout population for which the layout is

planned and the category of dwelling units The following

minimum provision shall be made

a) 15 percent of the area of the layout or

b) 03 to 04rsquo ha1 000 persons for low income housing the open

spaces shall be 03 ha1 000 persons

No recreational space shall generally be less than 450 sqm

the building line shall beat least 3 m away from the boundary of

recreational open space

Community open spaces and amenities

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 45

Width of Means of Access

The residential plots shall abut

on a public means of access

like street-oad Plots which do

not abut on a streethoad shall

abuthont on a means of access

the width and other

requirements of which shall be

as given in Table 1

In no case development on plots shall be permitted unless it is accessible by a public street of width not less than 6 m

MEANS OF ACCESS

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 46

In the case of special housing schemes for low income group

and economically weaker section of society developed up to two

storied row cluster housing scheme the pedestrian pathway

width shall be 3 m subject to provisions of 94l(a) The

pedestrian pathway shall not serve more than 8 plots on each

side of the pathway the length of the pathway shall be not more

than 50 m

No mention of plot sizehelliplarge plots sub-divided and the norm fails

Distance from Electric LinesNo VERANDAH balcony or the like shall be allowed to beerected or re-erected or any additions or alterations made to abuilding within the distances quoted below in accordance withthe current Indian Electricity Rules as amended from time-to-time between the building and any overhead electric supplyline

MEANS OF ACCESS-Cntd

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 47

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 48

Plot SizeThe minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75 percent shall not be less than 40 sqm in small and medium town and not less than 30 sqm in metropolitan cities Plot sizes below 30 sqm but not less than 15 sqm may be permitted in case of cluster planning however in such cases the ground coverage and FSI shall be 100 percent and 2 percent respectively

NOTES1 In exceptional cases in metropolitan cities with population more than 1 million the size of plots may be brought down to 25 sqm in cases of low income housing colonies located in congested areas as decided by the Authority In mega-cities it may be further reduced to 15 m2 In such cases where plot size is below 25 sqm only cluster planning or group housing may be adopted

2 A minimum of 25 percent of the plot size shall be left open without adversely affecting light and ventilation for habitable spaces and toilet It shall not be made mandatory to leave set back on any side

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 49

Vehicular AccessA right of way of at least 6 m width should be provided up to theentrance to the cluster to facilitate emergency vehicle movement up tocluster

DensityCluster planning methodologies result in higher densities with low risestructures With per dwelling unit covered area of 15 sqm densities of500 dwelling units per hectare (net) shall be permissible Densitieshigher than this should not allowed

Group ToiletCluster housing for economically weaker section families can havegroup toilets at the rate of one water closet one bath and a washingplace for three families

Size of RoomHabitable RoomEvery dwelling unit to be provided should have at least two habitable rooms Even if one room house is provided initially it should be capable of adding a new second room in future However in case single room tenements are required to be provided where future additions are not possible the carpet area of multipurpose single room should be at least 125 m2Such one room dwelling units with 125 m2 carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case of on site rehabilitation of slum dwellers In a house of two rooms first room shall not be less than 90 m2 with minimum width of 25 m and second room shall not be less than 65 m2 with minimum width of 21 m provided the total area of both the rooms is not less than 155 m2 In incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room

SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF CLUSTER PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 51

Life style

Affordability

Social Classification

Life style

SALARY CLASS

BUSINESS CLASS

BOTH WORKING

JOINT FAMILY

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52

Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi

Zone ndashF

a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)

LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53

The component method of design provides a broad frame work for

achieving the described life style objectives

HOUSING COMPONENT

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59

the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60

Desired outcomes Suggested responses

One two and three-bedroom

dwellings

One two and three-bedroom affordable

housing

dwelling types provide rooms of

sufficient dimensions to support the

safe comfortable and convenient use of

and movement around furniture

facilities and fittings needed by

householders

Studio apartments

Studio apartment rooms provide

adequate space for the function of

individual units including

bull sleeping living dining and kitchen

areas and

bull adequate bathroom laundry and

clothes dryingfacilities

Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table

Studio apartments generally conform to a

minimum

gross floor area of 30m2

The room sizes generally conform to the

following table

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61

Afordability Survey and Analysis

Category

Sample

Income group

Current status

Current Facilities Wishlist

Affordable EMI Analysis

Low

Inco

me

Gro

up

case

-1

A small 2BHK unit

of approx

35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs

lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)

4000

Rentedcommon washrooms

separate washroom

1500 PM no privacy Privacy

Mid

dle

Cla

ss

case

-1

10000-35000

Single 2BHK Family 2bhk

A Good 23BHK unit of approx

100 sqyard in range of

18-25 lacs

Rented Good location 7000

11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry

Bigger balcony

More natural light

Bigger Bedrooms

Good storage Space

case

-2

10000-35000

Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms

RentedBigger living area

7000 PM Good height 10000

Minimum shafts

small kitchenlaundry

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62

EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT

AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1

Category - EWS

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR

CASE -2

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35

CASE -3

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE

5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25

35

40

25

30

1060

30

1060

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63

63

AREA -DAYANAND COLONY

CASE -1

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

1010

30

50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65

GENERAL PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68

NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69

SPACE RELATIONSHIP

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71

Approach for investigating

affordable housing

Knowledge about future

house

Knowledge about present

house

Knowledge about Family

Payment Method

Preferred Area

PreferredLocation

Affordability

TypologicalPreferences

SpacePreferences

Location winNeighborhood

AdvantagesDis

Home TypeOwnershipStatus

Location

NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces

Degree ofSatisfaction

Income level

No of Family Members

EducationalLevel

(husbandwife)

Work Sector

No of Cars

Domestic Labor

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

72

AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

10

10

30

50

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

73

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

74

Conclusion

While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are

increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as

televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While

we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an

auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living

in a slum-like dwelling

It is understandable that economic

growth leads to rise in income but this

has led to even faster rise in property

prices leaving it unaffordable for majority

of population Affordable housing is

expected to have a positive by improving

basic quality of life Problems like traffic

congestion air quality commute times

etc can be resolved by providing proper

housing facilities to the weaker sections

of the society While the concept of

affordable housing seems to be a simple

solution to current housing woes its

execution remains complicated due to the

unclear policy framework To make

affordable housing work in India it would

require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by

slightly adjusting their interests towards a

wider social cause

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

75

Land use planning and

development

The project of the poor

Development standards

Land supply

Land value

Land affordability

Subdivision

Land market

Allocation

Demand

Intervention rationale

Neo liberalism

Site and Service

Subdivision

Land policy

Efficiency and equity

Land management

Direct intervention world

bank

Learning by doing

Site and service

subdivision

Poverty alleviation

Suitability and

acceptability

Affordability standards

subdivision

Intervention usually takes three broad categories

bull planning regulations

bull direct government investments and

bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation

Land management improvements

Example Land Readjustment

direct public investment

Example land banking

Example Site-and-Service

OBJECTIVES

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at

1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on

rental or ownership basis

2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter

options especially to the vulnerable groups

and the poor

3 Ensuring that housing along with the

supporting services is treated as a priority and

at par with infrastructure sector

4 Removing barriers related to legal financial

and administrative for facilitating access to

land finance and technology

5 Forging strong partnership between private

public and cooperative sectors to enhance the

capacity of the construction industry to

participate in every sphere of housing and

habitat

6 Using technology for modernizing the

housing sector to increase efficiency

productivity energy efficiency and quality

7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions

and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for

adding to the housing stock

THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including

formulation of effective

foreclosure laws

bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of

resources to the

housing and infrastructure sector

bull Develop a debt market for housing and

infrastructure fully integrated

with the financial markets in the country

bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the

requirement of low cost funds

for the housing needs of the poor

bull Promote research and development and transfer of

technology for

construction of houses

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available

resources to promote development and growth in a

sustained manner

bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing

infrastructure innovative and energy saving

construction materials and methods and also set up

a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the

concessions are correctly targeted and utilized

bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological

standards to protect the environment and provide a

better quality of life in human settlements

bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage

market

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD

1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a

boost to housing and supporting infrastructure

2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in

undertaking housing construction for all segments in

urban and rural areas

3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to

land

4 Facilitate training of construction workers by

converging other development programs through

building centers and other agencies

5 Promote decentralized production and availability of

building material

6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their

responsibilities in regulatory and development

functions

THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare

District Housing Action Plans for rural areas

2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and

augment supply of land for housing particularly

for the vulnerable group

3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural

infrastructure services

4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for

planned development

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE

COMPANIES WOULD

1 Redefine their role and move away from their

traditional approach to housing finance

2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the

needs of people

3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to

those who are in dire need of housing finance

support

4 Mobilize resources from provident funds

insurance funds mutual funds etc For house

building activities

5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize

domestic savings

HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS

DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND

OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role

for facilitating land assembly and development of

infrastructure

2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and

cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient

manner

3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement

THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND

CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD

1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of

houses and development of amenities

2 Forge partnership with state governments and local

authorities for construction of houses

3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out

schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization

basis

RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

ORGANIZATIONS WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw

materials

2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace

them with renewable resources

3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by

various public and private construction agencies

4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and

construction methods

5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the

housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste

based energy

6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new

constructions as well as strengthening of existing

houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and

human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes

cyclones and floods

7 Disseminate (spread) information about new

technologies and provide training to construction

workers in the use of new technologies

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

84

Role of PPP in Affordable Housing

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

85

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

86

JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance

No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million

No of Houses under Progress 0265 million

Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores

(BSUP+IHSDP)

997

achieved

Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of

Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline

Target of 27 cities

27 cities

achieved

Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of

developed land for EWSLIG Timeline

Target of 16 cities

16 cities

achieved

The JNNURM Initiative

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

87

i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP

ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath

iii Vector-free housing layout

iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces

v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and

vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness

Inclusive Planning amp Architecture

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

88

Recommendations

bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100

ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households

ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs

ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment

ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure

ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by

ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and

conversion of agricultural lands for urban use

ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for

making a proper assessment of land

requirements and allocation of such lands for

different uses

ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

89

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

90

Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

91

Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels

Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

92

SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66

References

Inferences

Books

Internet

Case Studies

Library references

bullNational Building Codes

bullGreen Households Domestic consumers

environment and sustainability

bullSustainable design practice

bullModern architecture

bullGaia House Design

bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy

Charles chorea and Raj

Reval

bullIntach library

Net references

bullWikipediacom

bullGooglecoin

bullDDA website

bullWHO living

standards

Case studies

bullResidences in old

Delhi

bullOther

contemporary

houses in

surrounding

houses

References

Page 20: Dessertation ii sem [autosaved]

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 20

BIRTH AND MIGRATION

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 21

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 22

POPULATION AND HOUSING

PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLDS BY NUMBER OF ROOMS

OCCUPIED 1961 ndash 2001( in million )

No of Rooms

occupied 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001

One Room 531 50 458 396 351

Two Rooms 247 27 278 304 295

Three Rooms 103 114 122 148 171

Four or more

Rooms 111 114 121 147 159

No Exclusive

rooms 09 02 21 004 23

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

One Room Two Rooms Three

Rooms

Four or

more

Rooms

No

Exclusive

rooms

d

istr

ibut

ion

of h

ouse

hold

s

Approximate 50 of the households has two and three bed room dwelling units

Source Census of India 2001

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 23

Populatio

n

Residents

with

Buying

Power

Populatio

n under 20

Per

Capita

Income

GDP

Growth

Rate

Housing

Shortage

Estimate

1065

billion

300

million

58 $539 8 22 million

India Demographics Housing Shortage

Housing shortage at the beginning of 11th Five

Year Plan (142007)

2471 million

dwelling units

Additional Housing Requirement for the 11th

Plan ( 2007-2012)

182 million dwelling

units

Total housing requirement during 11th Plan

Period including the carried over housing shortage

2653 Million

dwelling units

TOTAL HOUSING SHORTAGE

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 24

CATEGORY VISE HOUSING SHORTAGE

Estimated Urban Housing Unit Shortage as on 142007

More than 99 shortage is for EWSLIG segments

Total 2471 m 10000EWS 2178 m 8814LIG 289 m 1169MIG amp HIG 004 m 016

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 25

28

46

618

Source Annual Report 2006-07 MoHUPA

Slum Population as age of total urban population is given in parenthesis

GROWTH OF SLUMS

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 26

The housing requirement for the Rs3-10 Lakh income group is approx206 million units by 2011translating to a market size of Rs3300billion or USD 66 billion

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 27

SUGGESTED PARAMETER FOR HOUSING

EWS LIG MIG

Size 300-600 sq ft carpet area Not exceeding 1200 sq ft

carpet area

Cost Not exceeding 4 times

household gross annual

income

Not exceeding 5 times

household gross annual

income

EMIRent Not exceeding 30 of gross

monthly income

Not exceeding 40 of gross

monthly income

AFFORDABLE HOUSING THE CONCEPT AND ISSUES

Difficult to adopt a lsquoone-size-fits-allrsquo concept

Government should undertake a separate exercise to estimate the number of

households falling under the lsquoaffordable housingrsquo category

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 28

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 29

NCR revealed a number of interesting facts during the household survey carriedout in order to ascertain the affordability of the various income groups at citylevel Table 6 depicts in detail the maximum affordable EMI of households invarious income levels This EMI has been estimated from the annual income ofhousehold and its spending and saving behaviour The maximum EMI has beentranslated into affordable house property value based on an assumed interestrate loan tenure and loan to value ratio The table also shows the capital valuesthat the households will have to pay keeping in view the preferred house size andthe affordable house property value An interesting point that was inferred fromthe survey results was that the income groups of Rs3-5 Lakh and Rs5-6 Lakhpreferred similar sized units for their housing needs Both the income categoriesexpressed the area of their residential units in the range of 700-800 sqftHowever while this allows the lower income group to purchase a property withan average price of Rs2300sqft the same enabled the higher income group ofRs5-6 lakh to opt for properties in the range of Rs2900-3650sqft MeanwhileNCR spanning a larger area with vast land parcels available for residentialdevelopment provides varied location options for the residents of the city tofulfill their housing needs The category of households with income of Rs6 lakhand above can afford residential units in select pockets of the newly developedzones in Gurgaon Noida as well as along NH-2 and NH-24 Though these locationssuit the budget preference of households they are located about 30 kms from theCBD area of Delhi ie Connaught Place For example residential locations inGurgaon and Noida are atleast 30 kms from the CBD Residential locations on NH24 Ghaziabad and NH 2 Faridabad are about 35 kms and 27 kms respectivelyfrom the CBD Meanwhile if households especially those in the income categoryof Rs3-5 Lakh are willing to compromise on unit

IDENTIFYING AFFORDABILITY

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 30

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 31

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 32

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 33

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 34

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 35

H

H

H

H

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 36

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 37

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 38

Objectives

bull To facilitate the incorporation of affordable housing in residential and mixed-use developments

bull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing in locations with easy accessto shops transport and government

and community servicesbull To ensure appropriate car parking provision for household requirementsbull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing through management and

ownership considerations

Diversity of affordable

housing

The affordable housingdevelopment provides

bull one two andor three-bedroom dwelling typesandor

bull apartments

Car parking

Car parking provision isappropriate for site location andhousehold requirements and isprovided on the site

Location of affordable

housing

Affordable housing is locatedclose to or has easy access toshops employment transportand government and communityservices

PROVISION AND LOCATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 39

Objectives

Integrating affordable housing

Affordable housing is integrated into new residential and mixed-usedevelopments where it is not a stand-alone development on its own site

Suggested responses

INTEGRATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 40Transforming Shelters-A journey of affordable Luxury

40

Objectives

bull To ensure site planning and related design responses facilitate good housingoutcomes

PrivacyDwellings are designed toacknowledge the differentrequirements for privacy andcontrol in the transition1) from public spaces2) through the privately controlledbut publicly visibleor semi-private shared space tothe dwelling entry and3) onto its private open space

Addressing public space

A dwelling adjacent to a streetor park addresses themfunctionally and visually (Onlarge sites communal openspaces are the equivalent of apublic park)

Privacy within the development

Development does notsignificantly reduce privacy anddaylight to private open spaces

Legibility of accessAccess to and sense of entry to adwelling fronting a street or aninternal path network is clearand unambiguous

SITE PLANNING OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 41

41

External circulationExternal pathways serving anindividual dwelling or multiples ofdwellings within a developmentare designed to suit the needs andvolume of intended occupantsand users

Carparking and streetpresentation

The street frontage of thedevelopment is not dominatedby car parking areas orstructures rubbish binenclosures and utility structures

Planting

Landscaping forms an integralcomponent of the designof the development

Territoriality

bull To aid the control of externalspaces by immediatelyadjacent households theterritorial boundaries of thesespaces are clearly delineated

bull Access by the general publicthrough the site is preventedand if this is unachievable thepath should be treated like apublic realm area

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 42

Objectives

bull To facilitate the provision of comfortable pleasant safe efficient and cost-effective accommodation for the intended occupants of affordable housing

bull To facilitate the incorporation of adaptable housing design principles inaffordable housing

All dwelling types are providedwith an appropriately located andfunctional arearsquos like

External entry areas

Internal entry areas

Livingdining areas

Kitchens

Bathrooms

Hallways

Bedrooms

Storage Area

Clothes Drying

Stairs and lifts( as per

NBC)

Open space

Security Adaptable housing

DESIGN OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 43

Every room intended for human habitation shall abut on aninterior or exterior open space or an open VERANDAH open tosuch interior or exterior open space

SKETCH FOR EXAMPLECONTRARY IMAGE FOUND IN SURVEY

For streets less than 75 m in width the distance of the building (building line) shall beat least 5 m from the centre line of the street

FRONT OPEN SPACES

OPEN SPACES WITHIN A PLOT

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 44

44

Residential and Commercial Zones

In any layout or sub-division of land measuring 03 hectare of

more in residential and commercial zones the community open

spaces shall be reserved for recreational purposes which shall as

far as possible be provided in one place or planned out for the

use of the community in clusters or pockets

The community open spaces shall be provided catering to the

needs of area of layout population for which the layout is

planned and the category of dwelling units The following

minimum provision shall be made

a) 15 percent of the area of the layout or

b) 03 to 04rsquo ha1 000 persons for low income housing the open

spaces shall be 03 ha1 000 persons

No recreational space shall generally be less than 450 sqm

the building line shall beat least 3 m away from the boundary of

recreational open space

Community open spaces and amenities

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 45

Width of Means of Access

The residential plots shall abut

on a public means of access

like street-oad Plots which do

not abut on a streethoad shall

abuthont on a means of access

the width and other

requirements of which shall be

as given in Table 1

In no case development on plots shall be permitted unless it is accessible by a public street of width not less than 6 m

MEANS OF ACCESS

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 46

In the case of special housing schemes for low income group

and economically weaker section of society developed up to two

storied row cluster housing scheme the pedestrian pathway

width shall be 3 m subject to provisions of 94l(a) The

pedestrian pathway shall not serve more than 8 plots on each

side of the pathway the length of the pathway shall be not more

than 50 m

No mention of plot sizehelliplarge plots sub-divided and the norm fails

Distance from Electric LinesNo VERANDAH balcony or the like shall be allowed to beerected or re-erected or any additions or alterations made to abuilding within the distances quoted below in accordance withthe current Indian Electricity Rules as amended from time-to-time between the building and any overhead electric supplyline

MEANS OF ACCESS-Cntd

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 47

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 48

Plot SizeThe minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75 percent shall not be less than 40 sqm in small and medium town and not less than 30 sqm in metropolitan cities Plot sizes below 30 sqm but not less than 15 sqm may be permitted in case of cluster planning however in such cases the ground coverage and FSI shall be 100 percent and 2 percent respectively

NOTES1 In exceptional cases in metropolitan cities with population more than 1 million the size of plots may be brought down to 25 sqm in cases of low income housing colonies located in congested areas as decided by the Authority In mega-cities it may be further reduced to 15 m2 In such cases where plot size is below 25 sqm only cluster planning or group housing may be adopted

2 A minimum of 25 percent of the plot size shall be left open without adversely affecting light and ventilation for habitable spaces and toilet It shall not be made mandatory to leave set back on any side

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 49

Vehicular AccessA right of way of at least 6 m width should be provided up to theentrance to the cluster to facilitate emergency vehicle movement up tocluster

DensityCluster planning methodologies result in higher densities with low risestructures With per dwelling unit covered area of 15 sqm densities of500 dwelling units per hectare (net) shall be permissible Densitieshigher than this should not allowed

Group ToiletCluster housing for economically weaker section families can havegroup toilets at the rate of one water closet one bath and a washingplace for three families

Size of RoomHabitable RoomEvery dwelling unit to be provided should have at least two habitable rooms Even if one room house is provided initially it should be capable of adding a new second room in future However in case single room tenements are required to be provided where future additions are not possible the carpet area of multipurpose single room should be at least 125 m2Such one room dwelling units with 125 m2 carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case of on site rehabilitation of slum dwellers In a house of two rooms first room shall not be less than 90 m2 with minimum width of 25 m and second room shall not be less than 65 m2 with minimum width of 21 m provided the total area of both the rooms is not less than 155 m2 In incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room

SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF CLUSTER PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 51

Life style

Affordability

Social Classification

Life style

SALARY CLASS

BUSINESS CLASS

BOTH WORKING

JOINT FAMILY

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52

Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi

Zone ndashF

a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)

LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53

The component method of design provides a broad frame work for

achieving the described life style objectives

HOUSING COMPONENT

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59

the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60

Desired outcomes Suggested responses

One two and three-bedroom

dwellings

One two and three-bedroom affordable

housing

dwelling types provide rooms of

sufficient dimensions to support the

safe comfortable and convenient use of

and movement around furniture

facilities and fittings needed by

householders

Studio apartments

Studio apartment rooms provide

adequate space for the function of

individual units including

bull sleeping living dining and kitchen

areas and

bull adequate bathroom laundry and

clothes dryingfacilities

Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table

Studio apartments generally conform to a

minimum

gross floor area of 30m2

The room sizes generally conform to the

following table

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61

Afordability Survey and Analysis

Category

Sample

Income group

Current status

Current Facilities Wishlist

Affordable EMI Analysis

Low

Inco

me

Gro

up

case

-1

A small 2BHK unit

of approx

35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs

lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)

4000

Rentedcommon washrooms

separate washroom

1500 PM no privacy Privacy

Mid

dle

Cla

ss

case

-1

10000-35000

Single 2BHK Family 2bhk

A Good 23BHK unit of approx

100 sqyard in range of

18-25 lacs

Rented Good location 7000

11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry

Bigger balcony

More natural light

Bigger Bedrooms

Good storage Space

case

-2

10000-35000

Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms

RentedBigger living area

7000 PM Good height 10000

Minimum shafts

small kitchenlaundry

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62

EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT

AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1

Category - EWS

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR

CASE -2

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35

CASE -3

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE

5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25

35

40

25

30

1060

30

1060

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63

63

AREA -DAYANAND COLONY

CASE -1

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

1010

30

50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65

GENERAL PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68

NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69

SPACE RELATIONSHIP

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71

Approach for investigating

affordable housing

Knowledge about future

house

Knowledge about present

house

Knowledge about Family

Payment Method

Preferred Area

PreferredLocation

Affordability

TypologicalPreferences

SpacePreferences

Location winNeighborhood

AdvantagesDis

Home TypeOwnershipStatus

Location

NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces

Degree ofSatisfaction

Income level

No of Family Members

EducationalLevel

(husbandwife)

Work Sector

No of Cars

Domestic Labor

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

72

AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

10

10

30

50

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

73

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

74

Conclusion

While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are

increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as

televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While

we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an

auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living

in a slum-like dwelling

It is understandable that economic

growth leads to rise in income but this

has led to even faster rise in property

prices leaving it unaffordable for majority

of population Affordable housing is

expected to have a positive by improving

basic quality of life Problems like traffic

congestion air quality commute times

etc can be resolved by providing proper

housing facilities to the weaker sections

of the society While the concept of

affordable housing seems to be a simple

solution to current housing woes its

execution remains complicated due to the

unclear policy framework To make

affordable housing work in India it would

require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by

slightly adjusting their interests towards a

wider social cause

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

75

Land use planning and

development

The project of the poor

Development standards

Land supply

Land value

Land affordability

Subdivision

Land market

Allocation

Demand

Intervention rationale

Neo liberalism

Site and Service

Subdivision

Land policy

Efficiency and equity

Land management

Direct intervention world

bank

Learning by doing

Site and service

subdivision

Poverty alleviation

Suitability and

acceptability

Affordability standards

subdivision

Intervention usually takes three broad categories

bull planning regulations

bull direct government investments and

bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation

Land management improvements

Example Land Readjustment

direct public investment

Example land banking

Example Site-and-Service

OBJECTIVES

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at

1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on

rental or ownership basis

2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter

options especially to the vulnerable groups

and the poor

3 Ensuring that housing along with the

supporting services is treated as a priority and

at par with infrastructure sector

4 Removing barriers related to legal financial

and administrative for facilitating access to

land finance and technology

5 Forging strong partnership between private

public and cooperative sectors to enhance the

capacity of the construction industry to

participate in every sphere of housing and

habitat

6 Using technology for modernizing the

housing sector to increase efficiency

productivity energy efficiency and quality

7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions

and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for

adding to the housing stock

THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including

formulation of effective

foreclosure laws

bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of

resources to the

housing and infrastructure sector

bull Develop a debt market for housing and

infrastructure fully integrated

with the financial markets in the country

bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the

requirement of low cost funds

for the housing needs of the poor

bull Promote research and development and transfer of

technology for

construction of houses

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available

resources to promote development and growth in a

sustained manner

bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing

infrastructure innovative and energy saving

construction materials and methods and also set up

a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the

concessions are correctly targeted and utilized

bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological

standards to protect the environment and provide a

better quality of life in human settlements

bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage

market

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD

1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a

boost to housing and supporting infrastructure

2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in

undertaking housing construction for all segments in

urban and rural areas

3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to

land

4 Facilitate training of construction workers by

converging other development programs through

building centers and other agencies

5 Promote decentralized production and availability of

building material

6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their

responsibilities in regulatory and development

functions

THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare

District Housing Action Plans for rural areas

2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and

augment supply of land for housing particularly

for the vulnerable group

3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural

infrastructure services

4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for

planned development

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE

COMPANIES WOULD

1 Redefine their role and move away from their

traditional approach to housing finance

2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the

needs of people

3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to

those who are in dire need of housing finance

support

4 Mobilize resources from provident funds

insurance funds mutual funds etc For house

building activities

5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize

domestic savings

HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS

DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND

OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role

for facilitating land assembly and development of

infrastructure

2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and

cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient

manner

3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement

THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND

CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD

1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of

houses and development of amenities

2 Forge partnership with state governments and local

authorities for construction of houses

3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out

schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization

basis

RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

ORGANIZATIONS WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw

materials

2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace

them with renewable resources

3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by

various public and private construction agencies

4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and

construction methods

5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the

housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste

based energy

6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new

constructions as well as strengthening of existing

houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and

human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes

cyclones and floods

7 Disseminate (spread) information about new

technologies and provide training to construction

workers in the use of new technologies

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

84

Role of PPP in Affordable Housing

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

85

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

86

JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance

No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million

No of Houses under Progress 0265 million

Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores

(BSUP+IHSDP)

997

achieved

Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of

Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline

Target of 27 cities

27 cities

achieved

Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of

developed land for EWSLIG Timeline

Target of 16 cities

16 cities

achieved

The JNNURM Initiative

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

87

i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP

ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath

iii Vector-free housing layout

iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces

v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and

vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness

Inclusive Planning amp Architecture

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

88

Recommendations

bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100

ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households

ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs

ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment

ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure

ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by

ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and

conversion of agricultural lands for urban use

ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for

making a proper assessment of land

requirements and allocation of such lands for

different uses

ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

89

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

90

Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

91

Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels

Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

92

SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66

References

Inferences

Books

Internet

Case Studies

Library references

bullNational Building Codes

bullGreen Households Domestic consumers

environment and sustainability

bullSustainable design practice

bullModern architecture

bullGaia House Design

bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy

Charles chorea and Raj

Reval

bullIntach library

Net references

bullWikipediacom

bullGooglecoin

bullDDA website

bullWHO living

standards

Case studies

bullResidences in old

Delhi

bullOther

contemporary

houses in

surrounding

houses

References

Page 21: Dessertation ii sem [autosaved]

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 21

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 22

POPULATION AND HOUSING

PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLDS BY NUMBER OF ROOMS

OCCUPIED 1961 ndash 2001( in million )

No of Rooms

occupied 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001

One Room 531 50 458 396 351

Two Rooms 247 27 278 304 295

Three Rooms 103 114 122 148 171

Four or more

Rooms 111 114 121 147 159

No Exclusive

rooms 09 02 21 004 23

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

One Room Two Rooms Three

Rooms

Four or

more

Rooms

No

Exclusive

rooms

d

istr

ibut

ion

of h

ouse

hold

s

Approximate 50 of the households has two and three bed room dwelling units

Source Census of India 2001

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 23

Populatio

n

Residents

with

Buying

Power

Populatio

n under 20

Per

Capita

Income

GDP

Growth

Rate

Housing

Shortage

Estimate

1065

billion

300

million

58 $539 8 22 million

India Demographics Housing Shortage

Housing shortage at the beginning of 11th Five

Year Plan (142007)

2471 million

dwelling units

Additional Housing Requirement for the 11th

Plan ( 2007-2012)

182 million dwelling

units

Total housing requirement during 11th Plan

Period including the carried over housing shortage

2653 Million

dwelling units

TOTAL HOUSING SHORTAGE

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 24

CATEGORY VISE HOUSING SHORTAGE

Estimated Urban Housing Unit Shortage as on 142007

More than 99 shortage is for EWSLIG segments

Total 2471 m 10000EWS 2178 m 8814LIG 289 m 1169MIG amp HIG 004 m 016

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 25

28

46

618

Source Annual Report 2006-07 MoHUPA

Slum Population as age of total urban population is given in parenthesis

GROWTH OF SLUMS

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 26

The housing requirement for the Rs3-10 Lakh income group is approx206 million units by 2011translating to a market size of Rs3300billion or USD 66 billion

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 27

SUGGESTED PARAMETER FOR HOUSING

EWS LIG MIG

Size 300-600 sq ft carpet area Not exceeding 1200 sq ft

carpet area

Cost Not exceeding 4 times

household gross annual

income

Not exceeding 5 times

household gross annual

income

EMIRent Not exceeding 30 of gross

monthly income

Not exceeding 40 of gross

monthly income

AFFORDABLE HOUSING THE CONCEPT AND ISSUES

Difficult to adopt a lsquoone-size-fits-allrsquo concept

Government should undertake a separate exercise to estimate the number of

households falling under the lsquoaffordable housingrsquo category

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 28

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 29

NCR revealed a number of interesting facts during the household survey carriedout in order to ascertain the affordability of the various income groups at citylevel Table 6 depicts in detail the maximum affordable EMI of households invarious income levels This EMI has been estimated from the annual income ofhousehold and its spending and saving behaviour The maximum EMI has beentranslated into affordable house property value based on an assumed interestrate loan tenure and loan to value ratio The table also shows the capital valuesthat the households will have to pay keeping in view the preferred house size andthe affordable house property value An interesting point that was inferred fromthe survey results was that the income groups of Rs3-5 Lakh and Rs5-6 Lakhpreferred similar sized units for their housing needs Both the income categoriesexpressed the area of their residential units in the range of 700-800 sqftHowever while this allows the lower income group to purchase a property withan average price of Rs2300sqft the same enabled the higher income group ofRs5-6 lakh to opt for properties in the range of Rs2900-3650sqft MeanwhileNCR spanning a larger area with vast land parcels available for residentialdevelopment provides varied location options for the residents of the city tofulfill their housing needs The category of households with income of Rs6 lakhand above can afford residential units in select pockets of the newly developedzones in Gurgaon Noida as well as along NH-2 and NH-24 Though these locationssuit the budget preference of households they are located about 30 kms from theCBD area of Delhi ie Connaught Place For example residential locations inGurgaon and Noida are atleast 30 kms from the CBD Residential locations on NH24 Ghaziabad and NH 2 Faridabad are about 35 kms and 27 kms respectivelyfrom the CBD Meanwhile if households especially those in the income categoryof Rs3-5 Lakh are willing to compromise on unit

IDENTIFYING AFFORDABILITY

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 30

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 31

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 32

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 33

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 34

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 35

H

H

H

H

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 36

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 37

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 38

Objectives

bull To facilitate the incorporation of affordable housing in residential and mixed-use developments

bull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing in locations with easy accessto shops transport and government

and community servicesbull To ensure appropriate car parking provision for household requirementsbull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing through management and

ownership considerations

Diversity of affordable

housing

The affordable housingdevelopment provides

bull one two andor three-bedroom dwelling typesandor

bull apartments

Car parking

Car parking provision isappropriate for site location andhousehold requirements and isprovided on the site

Location of affordable

housing

Affordable housing is locatedclose to or has easy access toshops employment transportand government and communityservices

PROVISION AND LOCATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 39

Objectives

Integrating affordable housing

Affordable housing is integrated into new residential and mixed-usedevelopments where it is not a stand-alone development on its own site

Suggested responses

INTEGRATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 40Transforming Shelters-A journey of affordable Luxury

40

Objectives

bull To ensure site planning and related design responses facilitate good housingoutcomes

PrivacyDwellings are designed toacknowledge the differentrequirements for privacy andcontrol in the transition1) from public spaces2) through the privately controlledbut publicly visibleor semi-private shared space tothe dwelling entry and3) onto its private open space

Addressing public space

A dwelling adjacent to a streetor park addresses themfunctionally and visually (Onlarge sites communal openspaces are the equivalent of apublic park)

Privacy within the development

Development does notsignificantly reduce privacy anddaylight to private open spaces

Legibility of accessAccess to and sense of entry to adwelling fronting a street or aninternal path network is clearand unambiguous

SITE PLANNING OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 41

41

External circulationExternal pathways serving anindividual dwelling or multiples ofdwellings within a developmentare designed to suit the needs andvolume of intended occupantsand users

Carparking and streetpresentation

The street frontage of thedevelopment is not dominatedby car parking areas orstructures rubbish binenclosures and utility structures

Planting

Landscaping forms an integralcomponent of the designof the development

Territoriality

bull To aid the control of externalspaces by immediatelyadjacent households theterritorial boundaries of thesespaces are clearly delineated

bull Access by the general publicthrough the site is preventedand if this is unachievable thepath should be treated like apublic realm area

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 42

Objectives

bull To facilitate the provision of comfortable pleasant safe efficient and cost-effective accommodation for the intended occupants of affordable housing

bull To facilitate the incorporation of adaptable housing design principles inaffordable housing

All dwelling types are providedwith an appropriately located andfunctional arearsquos like

External entry areas

Internal entry areas

Livingdining areas

Kitchens

Bathrooms

Hallways

Bedrooms

Storage Area

Clothes Drying

Stairs and lifts( as per

NBC)

Open space

Security Adaptable housing

DESIGN OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 43

Every room intended for human habitation shall abut on aninterior or exterior open space or an open VERANDAH open tosuch interior or exterior open space

SKETCH FOR EXAMPLECONTRARY IMAGE FOUND IN SURVEY

For streets less than 75 m in width the distance of the building (building line) shall beat least 5 m from the centre line of the street

FRONT OPEN SPACES

OPEN SPACES WITHIN A PLOT

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 44

44

Residential and Commercial Zones

In any layout or sub-division of land measuring 03 hectare of

more in residential and commercial zones the community open

spaces shall be reserved for recreational purposes which shall as

far as possible be provided in one place or planned out for the

use of the community in clusters or pockets

The community open spaces shall be provided catering to the

needs of area of layout population for which the layout is

planned and the category of dwelling units The following

minimum provision shall be made

a) 15 percent of the area of the layout or

b) 03 to 04rsquo ha1 000 persons for low income housing the open

spaces shall be 03 ha1 000 persons

No recreational space shall generally be less than 450 sqm

the building line shall beat least 3 m away from the boundary of

recreational open space

Community open spaces and amenities

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 45

Width of Means of Access

The residential plots shall abut

on a public means of access

like street-oad Plots which do

not abut on a streethoad shall

abuthont on a means of access

the width and other

requirements of which shall be

as given in Table 1

In no case development on plots shall be permitted unless it is accessible by a public street of width not less than 6 m

MEANS OF ACCESS

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 46

In the case of special housing schemes for low income group

and economically weaker section of society developed up to two

storied row cluster housing scheme the pedestrian pathway

width shall be 3 m subject to provisions of 94l(a) The

pedestrian pathway shall not serve more than 8 plots on each

side of the pathway the length of the pathway shall be not more

than 50 m

No mention of plot sizehelliplarge plots sub-divided and the norm fails

Distance from Electric LinesNo VERANDAH balcony or the like shall be allowed to beerected or re-erected or any additions or alterations made to abuilding within the distances quoted below in accordance withthe current Indian Electricity Rules as amended from time-to-time between the building and any overhead electric supplyline

MEANS OF ACCESS-Cntd

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 47

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 48

Plot SizeThe minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75 percent shall not be less than 40 sqm in small and medium town and not less than 30 sqm in metropolitan cities Plot sizes below 30 sqm but not less than 15 sqm may be permitted in case of cluster planning however in such cases the ground coverage and FSI shall be 100 percent and 2 percent respectively

NOTES1 In exceptional cases in metropolitan cities with population more than 1 million the size of plots may be brought down to 25 sqm in cases of low income housing colonies located in congested areas as decided by the Authority In mega-cities it may be further reduced to 15 m2 In such cases where plot size is below 25 sqm only cluster planning or group housing may be adopted

2 A minimum of 25 percent of the plot size shall be left open without adversely affecting light and ventilation for habitable spaces and toilet It shall not be made mandatory to leave set back on any side

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 49

Vehicular AccessA right of way of at least 6 m width should be provided up to theentrance to the cluster to facilitate emergency vehicle movement up tocluster

DensityCluster planning methodologies result in higher densities with low risestructures With per dwelling unit covered area of 15 sqm densities of500 dwelling units per hectare (net) shall be permissible Densitieshigher than this should not allowed

Group ToiletCluster housing for economically weaker section families can havegroup toilets at the rate of one water closet one bath and a washingplace for three families

Size of RoomHabitable RoomEvery dwelling unit to be provided should have at least two habitable rooms Even if one room house is provided initially it should be capable of adding a new second room in future However in case single room tenements are required to be provided where future additions are not possible the carpet area of multipurpose single room should be at least 125 m2Such one room dwelling units with 125 m2 carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case of on site rehabilitation of slum dwellers In a house of two rooms first room shall not be less than 90 m2 with minimum width of 25 m and second room shall not be less than 65 m2 with minimum width of 21 m provided the total area of both the rooms is not less than 155 m2 In incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room

SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF CLUSTER PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 51

Life style

Affordability

Social Classification

Life style

SALARY CLASS

BUSINESS CLASS

BOTH WORKING

JOINT FAMILY

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52

Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi

Zone ndashF

a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)

LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53

The component method of design provides a broad frame work for

achieving the described life style objectives

HOUSING COMPONENT

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59

the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60

Desired outcomes Suggested responses

One two and three-bedroom

dwellings

One two and three-bedroom affordable

housing

dwelling types provide rooms of

sufficient dimensions to support the

safe comfortable and convenient use of

and movement around furniture

facilities and fittings needed by

householders

Studio apartments

Studio apartment rooms provide

adequate space for the function of

individual units including

bull sleeping living dining and kitchen

areas and

bull adequate bathroom laundry and

clothes dryingfacilities

Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table

Studio apartments generally conform to a

minimum

gross floor area of 30m2

The room sizes generally conform to the

following table

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61

Afordability Survey and Analysis

Category

Sample

Income group

Current status

Current Facilities Wishlist

Affordable EMI Analysis

Low

Inco

me

Gro

up

case

-1

A small 2BHK unit

of approx

35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs

lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)

4000

Rentedcommon washrooms

separate washroom

1500 PM no privacy Privacy

Mid

dle

Cla

ss

case

-1

10000-35000

Single 2BHK Family 2bhk

A Good 23BHK unit of approx

100 sqyard in range of

18-25 lacs

Rented Good location 7000

11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry

Bigger balcony

More natural light

Bigger Bedrooms

Good storage Space

case

-2

10000-35000

Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms

RentedBigger living area

7000 PM Good height 10000

Minimum shafts

small kitchenlaundry

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62

EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT

AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1

Category - EWS

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR

CASE -2

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35

CASE -3

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE

5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25

35

40

25

30

1060

30

1060

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63

63

AREA -DAYANAND COLONY

CASE -1

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

1010

30

50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65

GENERAL PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68

NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69

SPACE RELATIONSHIP

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71

Approach for investigating

affordable housing

Knowledge about future

house

Knowledge about present

house

Knowledge about Family

Payment Method

Preferred Area

PreferredLocation

Affordability

TypologicalPreferences

SpacePreferences

Location winNeighborhood

AdvantagesDis

Home TypeOwnershipStatus

Location

NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces

Degree ofSatisfaction

Income level

No of Family Members

EducationalLevel

(husbandwife)

Work Sector

No of Cars

Domestic Labor

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

72

AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

10

10

30

50

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

73

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

74

Conclusion

While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are

increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as

televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While

we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an

auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living

in a slum-like dwelling

It is understandable that economic

growth leads to rise in income but this

has led to even faster rise in property

prices leaving it unaffordable for majority

of population Affordable housing is

expected to have a positive by improving

basic quality of life Problems like traffic

congestion air quality commute times

etc can be resolved by providing proper

housing facilities to the weaker sections

of the society While the concept of

affordable housing seems to be a simple

solution to current housing woes its

execution remains complicated due to the

unclear policy framework To make

affordable housing work in India it would

require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by

slightly adjusting their interests towards a

wider social cause

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

75

Land use planning and

development

The project of the poor

Development standards

Land supply

Land value

Land affordability

Subdivision

Land market

Allocation

Demand

Intervention rationale

Neo liberalism

Site and Service

Subdivision

Land policy

Efficiency and equity

Land management

Direct intervention world

bank

Learning by doing

Site and service

subdivision

Poverty alleviation

Suitability and

acceptability

Affordability standards

subdivision

Intervention usually takes three broad categories

bull planning regulations

bull direct government investments and

bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation

Land management improvements

Example Land Readjustment

direct public investment

Example land banking

Example Site-and-Service

OBJECTIVES

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at

1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on

rental or ownership basis

2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter

options especially to the vulnerable groups

and the poor

3 Ensuring that housing along with the

supporting services is treated as a priority and

at par with infrastructure sector

4 Removing barriers related to legal financial

and administrative for facilitating access to

land finance and technology

5 Forging strong partnership between private

public and cooperative sectors to enhance the

capacity of the construction industry to

participate in every sphere of housing and

habitat

6 Using technology for modernizing the

housing sector to increase efficiency

productivity energy efficiency and quality

7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions

and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for

adding to the housing stock

THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including

formulation of effective

foreclosure laws

bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of

resources to the

housing and infrastructure sector

bull Develop a debt market for housing and

infrastructure fully integrated

with the financial markets in the country

bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the

requirement of low cost funds

for the housing needs of the poor

bull Promote research and development and transfer of

technology for

construction of houses

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available

resources to promote development and growth in a

sustained manner

bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing

infrastructure innovative and energy saving

construction materials and methods and also set up

a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the

concessions are correctly targeted and utilized

bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological

standards to protect the environment and provide a

better quality of life in human settlements

bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage

market

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD

1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a

boost to housing and supporting infrastructure

2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in

undertaking housing construction for all segments in

urban and rural areas

3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to

land

4 Facilitate training of construction workers by

converging other development programs through

building centers and other agencies

5 Promote decentralized production and availability of

building material

6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their

responsibilities in regulatory and development

functions

THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare

District Housing Action Plans for rural areas

2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and

augment supply of land for housing particularly

for the vulnerable group

3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural

infrastructure services

4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for

planned development

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE

COMPANIES WOULD

1 Redefine their role and move away from their

traditional approach to housing finance

2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the

needs of people

3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to

those who are in dire need of housing finance

support

4 Mobilize resources from provident funds

insurance funds mutual funds etc For house

building activities

5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize

domestic savings

HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS

DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND

OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role

for facilitating land assembly and development of

infrastructure

2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and

cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient

manner

3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement

THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND

CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD

1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of

houses and development of amenities

2 Forge partnership with state governments and local

authorities for construction of houses

3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out

schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization

basis

RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

ORGANIZATIONS WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw

materials

2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace

them with renewable resources

3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by

various public and private construction agencies

4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and

construction methods

5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the

housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste

based energy

6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new

constructions as well as strengthening of existing

houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and

human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes

cyclones and floods

7 Disseminate (spread) information about new

technologies and provide training to construction

workers in the use of new technologies

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

84

Role of PPP in Affordable Housing

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

85

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

86

JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance

No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million

No of Houses under Progress 0265 million

Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores

(BSUP+IHSDP)

997

achieved

Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of

Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline

Target of 27 cities

27 cities

achieved

Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of

developed land for EWSLIG Timeline

Target of 16 cities

16 cities

achieved

The JNNURM Initiative

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

87

i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP

ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath

iii Vector-free housing layout

iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces

v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and

vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness

Inclusive Planning amp Architecture

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

88

Recommendations

bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100

ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households

ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs

ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment

ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure

ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by

ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and

conversion of agricultural lands for urban use

ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for

making a proper assessment of land

requirements and allocation of such lands for

different uses

ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

89

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

90

Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

91

Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels

Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

92

SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66

References

Inferences

Books

Internet

Case Studies

Library references

bullNational Building Codes

bullGreen Households Domestic consumers

environment and sustainability

bullSustainable design practice

bullModern architecture

bullGaia House Design

bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy

Charles chorea and Raj

Reval

bullIntach library

Net references

bullWikipediacom

bullGooglecoin

bullDDA website

bullWHO living

standards

Case studies

bullResidences in old

Delhi

bullOther

contemporary

houses in

surrounding

houses

References

Page 22: Dessertation ii sem [autosaved]

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 22

POPULATION AND HOUSING

PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLDS BY NUMBER OF ROOMS

OCCUPIED 1961 ndash 2001( in million )

No of Rooms

occupied 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001

One Room 531 50 458 396 351

Two Rooms 247 27 278 304 295

Three Rooms 103 114 122 148 171

Four or more

Rooms 111 114 121 147 159

No Exclusive

rooms 09 02 21 004 23

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

One Room Two Rooms Three

Rooms

Four or

more

Rooms

No

Exclusive

rooms

d

istr

ibut

ion

of h

ouse

hold

s

Approximate 50 of the households has two and three bed room dwelling units

Source Census of India 2001

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 23

Populatio

n

Residents

with

Buying

Power

Populatio

n under 20

Per

Capita

Income

GDP

Growth

Rate

Housing

Shortage

Estimate

1065

billion

300

million

58 $539 8 22 million

India Demographics Housing Shortage

Housing shortage at the beginning of 11th Five

Year Plan (142007)

2471 million

dwelling units

Additional Housing Requirement for the 11th

Plan ( 2007-2012)

182 million dwelling

units

Total housing requirement during 11th Plan

Period including the carried over housing shortage

2653 Million

dwelling units

TOTAL HOUSING SHORTAGE

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 24

CATEGORY VISE HOUSING SHORTAGE

Estimated Urban Housing Unit Shortage as on 142007

More than 99 shortage is for EWSLIG segments

Total 2471 m 10000EWS 2178 m 8814LIG 289 m 1169MIG amp HIG 004 m 016

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 25

28

46

618

Source Annual Report 2006-07 MoHUPA

Slum Population as age of total urban population is given in parenthesis

GROWTH OF SLUMS

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 26

The housing requirement for the Rs3-10 Lakh income group is approx206 million units by 2011translating to a market size of Rs3300billion or USD 66 billion

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 27

SUGGESTED PARAMETER FOR HOUSING

EWS LIG MIG

Size 300-600 sq ft carpet area Not exceeding 1200 sq ft

carpet area

Cost Not exceeding 4 times

household gross annual

income

Not exceeding 5 times

household gross annual

income

EMIRent Not exceeding 30 of gross

monthly income

Not exceeding 40 of gross

monthly income

AFFORDABLE HOUSING THE CONCEPT AND ISSUES

Difficult to adopt a lsquoone-size-fits-allrsquo concept

Government should undertake a separate exercise to estimate the number of

households falling under the lsquoaffordable housingrsquo category

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 28

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 29

NCR revealed a number of interesting facts during the household survey carriedout in order to ascertain the affordability of the various income groups at citylevel Table 6 depicts in detail the maximum affordable EMI of households invarious income levels This EMI has been estimated from the annual income ofhousehold and its spending and saving behaviour The maximum EMI has beentranslated into affordable house property value based on an assumed interestrate loan tenure and loan to value ratio The table also shows the capital valuesthat the households will have to pay keeping in view the preferred house size andthe affordable house property value An interesting point that was inferred fromthe survey results was that the income groups of Rs3-5 Lakh and Rs5-6 Lakhpreferred similar sized units for their housing needs Both the income categoriesexpressed the area of their residential units in the range of 700-800 sqftHowever while this allows the lower income group to purchase a property withan average price of Rs2300sqft the same enabled the higher income group ofRs5-6 lakh to opt for properties in the range of Rs2900-3650sqft MeanwhileNCR spanning a larger area with vast land parcels available for residentialdevelopment provides varied location options for the residents of the city tofulfill their housing needs The category of households with income of Rs6 lakhand above can afford residential units in select pockets of the newly developedzones in Gurgaon Noida as well as along NH-2 and NH-24 Though these locationssuit the budget preference of households they are located about 30 kms from theCBD area of Delhi ie Connaught Place For example residential locations inGurgaon and Noida are atleast 30 kms from the CBD Residential locations on NH24 Ghaziabad and NH 2 Faridabad are about 35 kms and 27 kms respectivelyfrom the CBD Meanwhile if households especially those in the income categoryof Rs3-5 Lakh are willing to compromise on unit

IDENTIFYING AFFORDABILITY

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 30

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 31

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 32

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 33

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 34

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 35

H

H

H

H

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 36

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 37

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 38

Objectives

bull To facilitate the incorporation of affordable housing in residential and mixed-use developments

bull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing in locations with easy accessto shops transport and government

and community servicesbull To ensure appropriate car parking provision for household requirementsbull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing through management and

ownership considerations

Diversity of affordable

housing

The affordable housingdevelopment provides

bull one two andor three-bedroom dwelling typesandor

bull apartments

Car parking

Car parking provision isappropriate for site location andhousehold requirements and isprovided on the site

Location of affordable

housing

Affordable housing is locatedclose to or has easy access toshops employment transportand government and communityservices

PROVISION AND LOCATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 39

Objectives

Integrating affordable housing

Affordable housing is integrated into new residential and mixed-usedevelopments where it is not a stand-alone development on its own site

Suggested responses

INTEGRATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 40Transforming Shelters-A journey of affordable Luxury

40

Objectives

bull To ensure site planning and related design responses facilitate good housingoutcomes

PrivacyDwellings are designed toacknowledge the differentrequirements for privacy andcontrol in the transition1) from public spaces2) through the privately controlledbut publicly visibleor semi-private shared space tothe dwelling entry and3) onto its private open space

Addressing public space

A dwelling adjacent to a streetor park addresses themfunctionally and visually (Onlarge sites communal openspaces are the equivalent of apublic park)

Privacy within the development

Development does notsignificantly reduce privacy anddaylight to private open spaces

Legibility of accessAccess to and sense of entry to adwelling fronting a street or aninternal path network is clearand unambiguous

SITE PLANNING OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 41

41

External circulationExternal pathways serving anindividual dwelling or multiples ofdwellings within a developmentare designed to suit the needs andvolume of intended occupantsand users

Carparking and streetpresentation

The street frontage of thedevelopment is not dominatedby car parking areas orstructures rubbish binenclosures and utility structures

Planting

Landscaping forms an integralcomponent of the designof the development

Territoriality

bull To aid the control of externalspaces by immediatelyadjacent households theterritorial boundaries of thesespaces are clearly delineated

bull Access by the general publicthrough the site is preventedand if this is unachievable thepath should be treated like apublic realm area

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 42

Objectives

bull To facilitate the provision of comfortable pleasant safe efficient and cost-effective accommodation for the intended occupants of affordable housing

bull To facilitate the incorporation of adaptable housing design principles inaffordable housing

All dwelling types are providedwith an appropriately located andfunctional arearsquos like

External entry areas

Internal entry areas

Livingdining areas

Kitchens

Bathrooms

Hallways

Bedrooms

Storage Area

Clothes Drying

Stairs and lifts( as per

NBC)

Open space

Security Adaptable housing

DESIGN OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 43

Every room intended for human habitation shall abut on aninterior or exterior open space or an open VERANDAH open tosuch interior or exterior open space

SKETCH FOR EXAMPLECONTRARY IMAGE FOUND IN SURVEY

For streets less than 75 m in width the distance of the building (building line) shall beat least 5 m from the centre line of the street

FRONT OPEN SPACES

OPEN SPACES WITHIN A PLOT

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 44

44

Residential and Commercial Zones

In any layout or sub-division of land measuring 03 hectare of

more in residential and commercial zones the community open

spaces shall be reserved for recreational purposes which shall as

far as possible be provided in one place or planned out for the

use of the community in clusters or pockets

The community open spaces shall be provided catering to the

needs of area of layout population for which the layout is

planned and the category of dwelling units The following

minimum provision shall be made

a) 15 percent of the area of the layout or

b) 03 to 04rsquo ha1 000 persons for low income housing the open

spaces shall be 03 ha1 000 persons

No recreational space shall generally be less than 450 sqm

the building line shall beat least 3 m away from the boundary of

recreational open space

Community open spaces and amenities

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 45

Width of Means of Access

The residential plots shall abut

on a public means of access

like street-oad Plots which do

not abut on a streethoad shall

abuthont on a means of access

the width and other

requirements of which shall be

as given in Table 1

In no case development on plots shall be permitted unless it is accessible by a public street of width not less than 6 m

MEANS OF ACCESS

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 46

In the case of special housing schemes for low income group

and economically weaker section of society developed up to two

storied row cluster housing scheme the pedestrian pathway

width shall be 3 m subject to provisions of 94l(a) The

pedestrian pathway shall not serve more than 8 plots on each

side of the pathway the length of the pathway shall be not more

than 50 m

No mention of plot sizehelliplarge plots sub-divided and the norm fails

Distance from Electric LinesNo VERANDAH balcony or the like shall be allowed to beerected or re-erected or any additions or alterations made to abuilding within the distances quoted below in accordance withthe current Indian Electricity Rules as amended from time-to-time between the building and any overhead electric supplyline

MEANS OF ACCESS-Cntd

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 47

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 48

Plot SizeThe minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75 percent shall not be less than 40 sqm in small and medium town and not less than 30 sqm in metropolitan cities Plot sizes below 30 sqm but not less than 15 sqm may be permitted in case of cluster planning however in such cases the ground coverage and FSI shall be 100 percent and 2 percent respectively

NOTES1 In exceptional cases in metropolitan cities with population more than 1 million the size of plots may be brought down to 25 sqm in cases of low income housing colonies located in congested areas as decided by the Authority In mega-cities it may be further reduced to 15 m2 In such cases where plot size is below 25 sqm only cluster planning or group housing may be adopted

2 A minimum of 25 percent of the plot size shall be left open without adversely affecting light and ventilation for habitable spaces and toilet It shall not be made mandatory to leave set back on any side

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 49

Vehicular AccessA right of way of at least 6 m width should be provided up to theentrance to the cluster to facilitate emergency vehicle movement up tocluster

DensityCluster planning methodologies result in higher densities with low risestructures With per dwelling unit covered area of 15 sqm densities of500 dwelling units per hectare (net) shall be permissible Densitieshigher than this should not allowed

Group ToiletCluster housing for economically weaker section families can havegroup toilets at the rate of one water closet one bath and a washingplace for three families

Size of RoomHabitable RoomEvery dwelling unit to be provided should have at least two habitable rooms Even if one room house is provided initially it should be capable of adding a new second room in future However in case single room tenements are required to be provided where future additions are not possible the carpet area of multipurpose single room should be at least 125 m2Such one room dwelling units with 125 m2 carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case of on site rehabilitation of slum dwellers In a house of two rooms first room shall not be less than 90 m2 with minimum width of 25 m and second room shall not be less than 65 m2 with minimum width of 21 m provided the total area of both the rooms is not less than 155 m2 In incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room

SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF CLUSTER PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 51

Life style

Affordability

Social Classification

Life style

SALARY CLASS

BUSINESS CLASS

BOTH WORKING

JOINT FAMILY

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52

Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi

Zone ndashF

a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)

LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53

The component method of design provides a broad frame work for

achieving the described life style objectives

HOUSING COMPONENT

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59

the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60

Desired outcomes Suggested responses

One two and three-bedroom

dwellings

One two and three-bedroom affordable

housing

dwelling types provide rooms of

sufficient dimensions to support the

safe comfortable and convenient use of

and movement around furniture

facilities and fittings needed by

householders

Studio apartments

Studio apartment rooms provide

adequate space for the function of

individual units including

bull sleeping living dining and kitchen

areas and

bull adequate bathroom laundry and

clothes dryingfacilities

Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table

Studio apartments generally conform to a

minimum

gross floor area of 30m2

The room sizes generally conform to the

following table

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61

Afordability Survey and Analysis

Category

Sample

Income group

Current status

Current Facilities Wishlist

Affordable EMI Analysis

Low

Inco

me

Gro

up

case

-1

A small 2BHK unit

of approx

35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs

lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)

4000

Rentedcommon washrooms

separate washroom

1500 PM no privacy Privacy

Mid

dle

Cla

ss

case

-1

10000-35000

Single 2BHK Family 2bhk

A Good 23BHK unit of approx

100 sqyard in range of

18-25 lacs

Rented Good location 7000

11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry

Bigger balcony

More natural light

Bigger Bedrooms

Good storage Space

case

-2

10000-35000

Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms

RentedBigger living area

7000 PM Good height 10000

Minimum shafts

small kitchenlaundry

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62

EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT

AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1

Category - EWS

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR

CASE -2

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35

CASE -3

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE

5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25

35

40

25

30

1060

30

1060

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63

63

AREA -DAYANAND COLONY

CASE -1

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

1010

30

50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65

GENERAL PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68

NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69

SPACE RELATIONSHIP

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71

Approach for investigating

affordable housing

Knowledge about future

house

Knowledge about present

house

Knowledge about Family

Payment Method

Preferred Area

PreferredLocation

Affordability

TypologicalPreferences

SpacePreferences

Location winNeighborhood

AdvantagesDis

Home TypeOwnershipStatus

Location

NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces

Degree ofSatisfaction

Income level

No of Family Members

EducationalLevel

(husbandwife)

Work Sector

No of Cars

Domestic Labor

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

72

AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

10

10

30

50

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

73

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

74

Conclusion

While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are

increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as

televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While

we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an

auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living

in a slum-like dwelling

It is understandable that economic

growth leads to rise in income but this

has led to even faster rise in property

prices leaving it unaffordable for majority

of population Affordable housing is

expected to have a positive by improving

basic quality of life Problems like traffic

congestion air quality commute times

etc can be resolved by providing proper

housing facilities to the weaker sections

of the society While the concept of

affordable housing seems to be a simple

solution to current housing woes its

execution remains complicated due to the

unclear policy framework To make

affordable housing work in India it would

require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by

slightly adjusting their interests towards a

wider social cause

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

75

Land use planning and

development

The project of the poor

Development standards

Land supply

Land value

Land affordability

Subdivision

Land market

Allocation

Demand

Intervention rationale

Neo liberalism

Site and Service

Subdivision

Land policy

Efficiency and equity

Land management

Direct intervention world

bank

Learning by doing

Site and service

subdivision

Poverty alleviation

Suitability and

acceptability

Affordability standards

subdivision

Intervention usually takes three broad categories

bull planning regulations

bull direct government investments and

bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation

Land management improvements

Example Land Readjustment

direct public investment

Example land banking

Example Site-and-Service

OBJECTIVES

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at

1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on

rental or ownership basis

2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter

options especially to the vulnerable groups

and the poor

3 Ensuring that housing along with the

supporting services is treated as a priority and

at par with infrastructure sector

4 Removing barriers related to legal financial

and administrative for facilitating access to

land finance and technology

5 Forging strong partnership between private

public and cooperative sectors to enhance the

capacity of the construction industry to

participate in every sphere of housing and

habitat

6 Using technology for modernizing the

housing sector to increase efficiency

productivity energy efficiency and quality

7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions

and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for

adding to the housing stock

THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including

formulation of effective

foreclosure laws

bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of

resources to the

housing and infrastructure sector

bull Develop a debt market for housing and

infrastructure fully integrated

with the financial markets in the country

bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the

requirement of low cost funds

for the housing needs of the poor

bull Promote research and development and transfer of

technology for

construction of houses

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available

resources to promote development and growth in a

sustained manner

bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing

infrastructure innovative and energy saving

construction materials and methods and also set up

a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the

concessions are correctly targeted and utilized

bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological

standards to protect the environment and provide a

better quality of life in human settlements

bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage

market

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD

1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a

boost to housing and supporting infrastructure

2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in

undertaking housing construction for all segments in

urban and rural areas

3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to

land

4 Facilitate training of construction workers by

converging other development programs through

building centers and other agencies

5 Promote decentralized production and availability of

building material

6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their

responsibilities in regulatory and development

functions

THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare

District Housing Action Plans for rural areas

2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and

augment supply of land for housing particularly

for the vulnerable group

3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural

infrastructure services

4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for

planned development

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE

COMPANIES WOULD

1 Redefine their role and move away from their

traditional approach to housing finance

2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the

needs of people

3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to

those who are in dire need of housing finance

support

4 Mobilize resources from provident funds

insurance funds mutual funds etc For house

building activities

5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize

domestic savings

HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS

DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND

OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role

for facilitating land assembly and development of

infrastructure

2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and

cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient

manner

3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement

THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND

CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD

1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of

houses and development of amenities

2 Forge partnership with state governments and local

authorities for construction of houses

3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out

schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization

basis

RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

ORGANIZATIONS WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw

materials

2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace

them with renewable resources

3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by

various public and private construction agencies

4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and

construction methods

5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the

housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste

based energy

6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new

constructions as well as strengthening of existing

houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and

human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes

cyclones and floods

7 Disseminate (spread) information about new

technologies and provide training to construction

workers in the use of new technologies

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

84

Role of PPP in Affordable Housing

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

85

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

86

JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance

No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million

No of Houses under Progress 0265 million

Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores

(BSUP+IHSDP)

997

achieved

Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of

Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline

Target of 27 cities

27 cities

achieved

Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of

developed land for EWSLIG Timeline

Target of 16 cities

16 cities

achieved

The JNNURM Initiative

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

87

i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP

ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath

iii Vector-free housing layout

iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces

v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and

vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness

Inclusive Planning amp Architecture

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

88

Recommendations

bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100

ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households

ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs

ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment

ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure

ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by

ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and

conversion of agricultural lands for urban use

ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for

making a proper assessment of land

requirements and allocation of such lands for

different uses

ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

89

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

90

Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

91

Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels

Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

92

SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66

References

Inferences

Books

Internet

Case Studies

Library references

bullNational Building Codes

bullGreen Households Domestic consumers

environment and sustainability

bullSustainable design practice

bullModern architecture

bullGaia House Design

bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy

Charles chorea and Raj

Reval

bullIntach library

Net references

bullWikipediacom

bullGooglecoin

bullDDA website

bullWHO living

standards

Case studies

bullResidences in old

Delhi

bullOther

contemporary

houses in

surrounding

houses

References

Page 23: Dessertation ii sem [autosaved]

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 23

Populatio

n

Residents

with

Buying

Power

Populatio

n under 20

Per

Capita

Income

GDP

Growth

Rate

Housing

Shortage

Estimate

1065

billion

300

million

58 $539 8 22 million

India Demographics Housing Shortage

Housing shortage at the beginning of 11th Five

Year Plan (142007)

2471 million

dwelling units

Additional Housing Requirement for the 11th

Plan ( 2007-2012)

182 million dwelling

units

Total housing requirement during 11th Plan

Period including the carried over housing shortage

2653 Million

dwelling units

TOTAL HOUSING SHORTAGE

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 24

CATEGORY VISE HOUSING SHORTAGE

Estimated Urban Housing Unit Shortage as on 142007

More than 99 shortage is for EWSLIG segments

Total 2471 m 10000EWS 2178 m 8814LIG 289 m 1169MIG amp HIG 004 m 016

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 25

28

46

618

Source Annual Report 2006-07 MoHUPA

Slum Population as age of total urban population is given in parenthesis

GROWTH OF SLUMS

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 26

The housing requirement for the Rs3-10 Lakh income group is approx206 million units by 2011translating to a market size of Rs3300billion or USD 66 billion

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 27

SUGGESTED PARAMETER FOR HOUSING

EWS LIG MIG

Size 300-600 sq ft carpet area Not exceeding 1200 sq ft

carpet area

Cost Not exceeding 4 times

household gross annual

income

Not exceeding 5 times

household gross annual

income

EMIRent Not exceeding 30 of gross

monthly income

Not exceeding 40 of gross

monthly income

AFFORDABLE HOUSING THE CONCEPT AND ISSUES

Difficult to adopt a lsquoone-size-fits-allrsquo concept

Government should undertake a separate exercise to estimate the number of

households falling under the lsquoaffordable housingrsquo category

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 28

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 29

NCR revealed a number of interesting facts during the household survey carriedout in order to ascertain the affordability of the various income groups at citylevel Table 6 depicts in detail the maximum affordable EMI of households invarious income levels This EMI has been estimated from the annual income ofhousehold and its spending and saving behaviour The maximum EMI has beentranslated into affordable house property value based on an assumed interestrate loan tenure and loan to value ratio The table also shows the capital valuesthat the households will have to pay keeping in view the preferred house size andthe affordable house property value An interesting point that was inferred fromthe survey results was that the income groups of Rs3-5 Lakh and Rs5-6 Lakhpreferred similar sized units for their housing needs Both the income categoriesexpressed the area of their residential units in the range of 700-800 sqftHowever while this allows the lower income group to purchase a property withan average price of Rs2300sqft the same enabled the higher income group ofRs5-6 lakh to opt for properties in the range of Rs2900-3650sqft MeanwhileNCR spanning a larger area with vast land parcels available for residentialdevelopment provides varied location options for the residents of the city tofulfill their housing needs The category of households with income of Rs6 lakhand above can afford residential units in select pockets of the newly developedzones in Gurgaon Noida as well as along NH-2 and NH-24 Though these locationssuit the budget preference of households they are located about 30 kms from theCBD area of Delhi ie Connaught Place For example residential locations inGurgaon and Noida are atleast 30 kms from the CBD Residential locations on NH24 Ghaziabad and NH 2 Faridabad are about 35 kms and 27 kms respectivelyfrom the CBD Meanwhile if households especially those in the income categoryof Rs3-5 Lakh are willing to compromise on unit

IDENTIFYING AFFORDABILITY

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 30

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 31

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 32

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 33

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 34

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 35

H

H

H

H

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 36

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 37

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 38

Objectives

bull To facilitate the incorporation of affordable housing in residential and mixed-use developments

bull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing in locations with easy accessto shops transport and government

and community servicesbull To ensure appropriate car parking provision for household requirementsbull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing through management and

ownership considerations

Diversity of affordable

housing

The affordable housingdevelopment provides

bull one two andor three-bedroom dwelling typesandor

bull apartments

Car parking

Car parking provision isappropriate for site location andhousehold requirements and isprovided on the site

Location of affordable

housing

Affordable housing is locatedclose to or has easy access toshops employment transportand government and communityservices

PROVISION AND LOCATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 39

Objectives

Integrating affordable housing

Affordable housing is integrated into new residential and mixed-usedevelopments where it is not a stand-alone development on its own site

Suggested responses

INTEGRATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 40Transforming Shelters-A journey of affordable Luxury

40

Objectives

bull To ensure site planning and related design responses facilitate good housingoutcomes

PrivacyDwellings are designed toacknowledge the differentrequirements for privacy andcontrol in the transition1) from public spaces2) through the privately controlledbut publicly visibleor semi-private shared space tothe dwelling entry and3) onto its private open space

Addressing public space

A dwelling adjacent to a streetor park addresses themfunctionally and visually (Onlarge sites communal openspaces are the equivalent of apublic park)

Privacy within the development

Development does notsignificantly reduce privacy anddaylight to private open spaces

Legibility of accessAccess to and sense of entry to adwelling fronting a street or aninternal path network is clearand unambiguous

SITE PLANNING OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 41

41

External circulationExternal pathways serving anindividual dwelling or multiples ofdwellings within a developmentare designed to suit the needs andvolume of intended occupantsand users

Carparking and streetpresentation

The street frontage of thedevelopment is not dominatedby car parking areas orstructures rubbish binenclosures and utility structures

Planting

Landscaping forms an integralcomponent of the designof the development

Territoriality

bull To aid the control of externalspaces by immediatelyadjacent households theterritorial boundaries of thesespaces are clearly delineated

bull Access by the general publicthrough the site is preventedand if this is unachievable thepath should be treated like apublic realm area

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 42

Objectives

bull To facilitate the provision of comfortable pleasant safe efficient and cost-effective accommodation for the intended occupants of affordable housing

bull To facilitate the incorporation of adaptable housing design principles inaffordable housing

All dwelling types are providedwith an appropriately located andfunctional arearsquos like

External entry areas

Internal entry areas

Livingdining areas

Kitchens

Bathrooms

Hallways

Bedrooms

Storage Area

Clothes Drying

Stairs and lifts( as per

NBC)

Open space

Security Adaptable housing

DESIGN OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 43

Every room intended for human habitation shall abut on aninterior or exterior open space or an open VERANDAH open tosuch interior or exterior open space

SKETCH FOR EXAMPLECONTRARY IMAGE FOUND IN SURVEY

For streets less than 75 m in width the distance of the building (building line) shall beat least 5 m from the centre line of the street

FRONT OPEN SPACES

OPEN SPACES WITHIN A PLOT

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 44

44

Residential and Commercial Zones

In any layout or sub-division of land measuring 03 hectare of

more in residential and commercial zones the community open

spaces shall be reserved for recreational purposes which shall as

far as possible be provided in one place or planned out for the

use of the community in clusters or pockets

The community open spaces shall be provided catering to the

needs of area of layout population for which the layout is

planned and the category of dwelling units The following

minimum provision shall be made

a) 15 percent of the area of the layout or

b) 03 to 04rsquo ha1 000 persons for low income housing the open

spaces shall be 03 ha1 000 persons

No recreational space shall generally be less than 450 sqm

the building line shall beat least 3 m away from the boundary of

recreational open space

Community open spaces and amenities

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 45

Width of Means of Access

The residential plots shall abut

on a public means of access

like street-oad Plots which do

not abut on a streethoad shall

abuthont on a means of access

the width and other

requirements of which shall be

as given in Table 1

In no case development on plots shall be permitted unless it is accessible by a public street of width not less than 6 m

MEANS OF ACCESS

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 46

In the case of special housing schemes for low income group

and economically weaker section of society developed up to two

storied row cluster housing scheme the pedestrian pathway

width shall be 3 m subject to provisions of 94l(a) The

pedestrian pathway shall not serve more than 8 plots on each

side of the pathway the length of the pathway shall be not more

than 50 m

No mention of plot sizehelliplarge plots sub-divided and the norm fails

Distance from Electric LinesNo VERANDAH balcony or the like shall be allowed to beerected or re-erected or any additions or alterations made to abuilding within the distances quoted below in accordance withthe current Indian Electricity Rules as amended from time-to-time between the building and any overhead electric supplyline

MEANS OF ACCESS-Cntd

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 47

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 48

Plot SizeThe minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75 percent shall not be less than 40 sqm in small and medium town and not less than 30 sqm in metropolitan cities Plot sizes below 30 sqm but not less than 15 sqm may be permitted in case of cluster planning however in such cases the ground coverage and FSI shall be 100 percent and 2 percent respectively

NOTES1 In exceptional cases in metropolitan cities with population more than 1 million the size of plots may be brought down to 25 sqm in cases of low income housing colonies located in congested areas as decided by the Authority In mega-cities it may be further reduced to 15 m2 In such cases where plot size is below 25 sqm only cluster planning or group housing may be adopted

2 A minimum of 25 percent of the plot size shall be left open without adversely affecting light and ventilation for habitable spaces and toilet It shall not be made mandatory to leave set back on any side

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 49

Vehicular AccessA right of way of at least 6 m width should be provided up to theentrance to the cluster to facilitate emergency vehicle movement up tocluster

DensityCluster planning methodologies result in higher densities with low risestructures With per dwelling unit covered area of 15 sqm densities of500 dwelling units per hectare (net) shall be permissible Densitieshigher than this should not allowed

Group ToiletCluster housing for economically weaker section families can havegroup toilets at the rate of one water closet one bath and a washingplace for three families

Size of RoomHabitable RoomEvery dwelling unit to be provided should have at least two habitable rooms Even if one room house is provided initially it should be capable of adding a new second room in future However in case single room tenements are required to be provided where future additions are not possible the carpet area of multipurpose single room should be at least 125 m2Such one room dwelling units with 125 m2 carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case of on site rehabilitation of slum dwellers In a house of two rooms first room shall not be less than 90 m2 with minimum width of 25 m and second room shall not be less than 65 m2 with minimum width of 21 m provided the total area of both the rooms is not less than 155 m2 In incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room

SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF CLUSTER PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 51

Life style

Affordability

Social Classification

Life style

SALARY CLASS

BUSINESS CLASS

BOTH WORKING

JOINT FAMILY

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52

Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi

Zone ndashF

a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)

LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53

The component method of design provides a broad frame work for

achieving the described life style objectives

HOUSING COMPONENT

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59

the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60

Desired outcomes Suggested responses

One two and three-bedroom

dwellings

One two and three-bedroom affordable

housing

dwelling types provide rooms of

sufficient dimensions to support the

safe comfortable and convenient use of

and movement around furniture

facilities and fittings needed by

householders

Studio apartments

Studio apartment rooms provide

adequate space for the function of

individual units including

bull sleeping living dining and kitchen

areas and

bull adequate bathroom laundry and

clothes dryingfacilities

Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table

Studio apartments generally conform to a

minimum

gross floor area of 30m2

The room sizes generally conform to the

following table

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61

Afordability Survey and Analysis

Category

Sample

Income group

Current status

Current Facilities Wishlist

Affordable EMI Analysis

Low

Inco

me

Gro

up

case

-1

A small 2BHK unit

of approx

35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs

lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)

4000

Rentedcommon washrooms

separate washroom

1500 PM no privacy Privacy

Mid

dle

Cla

ss

case

-1

10000-35000

Single 2BHK Family 2bhk

A Good 23BHK unit of approx

100 sqyard in range of

18-25 lacs

Rented Good location 7000

11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry

Bigger balcony

More natural light

Bigger Bedrooms

Good storage Space

case

-2

10000-35000

Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms

RentedBigger living area

7000 PM Good height 10000

Minimum shafts

small kitchenlaundry

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62

EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT

AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1

Category - EWS

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR

CASE -2

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35

CASE -3

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE

5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25

35

40

25

30

1060

30

1060

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63

63

AREA -DAYANAND COLONY

CASE -1

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

1010

30

50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65

GENERAL PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68

NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69

SPACE RELATIONSHIP

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71

Approach for investigating

affordable housing

Knowledge about future

house

Knowledge about present

house

Knowledge about Family

Payment Method

Preferred Area

PreferredLocation

Affordability

TypologicalPreferences

SpacePreferences

Location winNeighborhood

AdvantagesDis

Home TypeOwnershipStatus

Location

NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces

Degree ofSatisfaction

Income level

No of Family Members

EducationalLevel

(husbandwife)

Work Sector

No of Cars

Domestic Labor

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

72

AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

10

10

30

50

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

73

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

74

Conclusion

While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are

increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as

televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While

we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an

auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living

in a slum-like dwelling

It is understandable that economic

growth leads to rise in income but this

has led to even faster rise in property

prices leaving it unaffordable for majority

of population Affordable housing is

expected to have a positive by improving

basic quality of life Problems like traffic

congestion air quality commute times

etc can be resolved by providing proper

housing facilities to the weaker sections

of the society While the concept of

affordable housing seems to be a simple

solution to current housing woes its

execution remains complicated due to the

unclear policy framework To make

affordable housing work in India it would

require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by

slightly adjusting their interests towards a

wider social cause

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

75

Land use planning and

development

The project of the poor

Development standards

Land supply

Land value

Land affordability

Subdivision

Land market

Allocation

Demand

Intervention rationale

Neo liberalism

Site and Service

Subdivision

Land policy

Efficiency and equity

Land management

Direct intervention world

bank

Learning by doing

Site and service

subdivision

Poverty alleviation

Suitability and

acceptability

Affordability standards

subdivision

Intervention usually takes three broad categories

bull planning regulations

bull direct government investments and

bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation

Land management improvements

Example Land Readjustment

direct public investment

Example land banking

Example Site-and-Service

OBJECTIVES

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at

1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on

rental or ownership basis

2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter

options especially to the vulnerable groups

and the poor

3 Ensuring that housing along with the

supporting services is treated as a priority and

at par with infrastructure sector

4 Removing barriers related to legal financial

and administrative for facilitating access to

land finance and technology

5 Forging strong partnership between private

public and cooperative sectors to enhance the

capacity of the construction industry to

participate in every sphere of housing and

habitat

6 Using technology for modernizing the

housing sector to increase efficiency

productivity energy efficiency and quality

7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions

and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for

adding to the housing stock

THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including

formulation of effective

foreclosure laws

bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of

resources to the

housing and infrastructure sector

bull Develop a debt market for housing and

infrastructure fully integrated

with the financial markets in the country

bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the

requirement of low cost funds

for the housing needs of the poor

bull Promote research and development and transfer of

technology for

construction of houses

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available

resources to promote development and growth in a

sustained manner

bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing

infrastructure innovative and energy saving

construction materials and methods and also set up

a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the

concessions are correctly targeted and utilized

bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological

standards to protect the environment and provide a

better quality of life in human settlements

bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage

market

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD

1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a

boost to housing and supporting infrastructure

2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in

undertaking housing construction for all segments in

urban and rural areas

3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to

land

4 Facilitate training of construction workers by

converging other development programs through

building centers and other agencies

5 Promote decentralized production and availability of

building material

6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their

responsibilities in regulatory and development

functions

THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare

District Housing Action Plans for rural areas

2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and

augment supply of land for housing particularly

for the vulnerable group

3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural

infrastructure services

4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for

planned development

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE

COMPANIES WOULD

1 Redefine their role and move away from their

traditional approach to housing finance

2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the

needs of people

3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to

those who are in dire need of housing finance

support

4 Mobilize resources from provident funds

insurance funds mutual funds etc For house

building activities

5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize

domestic savings

HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS

DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND

OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role

for facilitating land assembly and development of

infrastructure

2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and

cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient

manner

3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement

THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND

CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD

1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of

houses and development of amenities

2 Forge partnership with state governments and local

authorities for construction of houses

3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out

schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization

basis

RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

ORGANIZATIONS WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw

materials

2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace

them with renewable resources

3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by

various public and private construction agencies

4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and

construction methods

5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the

housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste

based energy

6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new

constructions as well as strengthening of existing

houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and

human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes

cyclones and floods

7 Disseminate (spread) information about new

technologies and provide training to construction

workers in the use of new technologies

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

84

Role of PPP in Affordable Housing

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

85

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

86

JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance

No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million

No of Houses under Progress 0265 million

Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores

(BSUP+IHSDP)

997

achieved

Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of

Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline

Target of 27 cities

27 cities

achieved

Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of

developed land for EWSLIG Timeline

Target of 16 cities

16 cities

achieved

The JNNURM Initiative

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

87

i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP

ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath

iii Vector-free housing layout

iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces

v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and

vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness

Inclusive Planning amp Architecture

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

88

Recommendations

bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100

ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households

ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs

ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment

ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure

ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by

ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and

conversion of agricultural lands for urban use

ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for

making a proper assessment of land

requirements and allocation of such lands for

different uses

ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

89

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

90

Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

91

Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels

Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

92

SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66

References

Inferences

Books

Internet

Case Studies

Library references

bullNational Building Codes

bullGreen Households Domestic consumers

environment and sustainability

bullSustainable design practice

bullModern architecture

bullGaia House Design

bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy

Charles chorea and Raj

Reval

bullIntach library

Net references

bullWikipediacom

bullGooglecoin

bullDDA website

bullWHO living

standards

Case studies

bullResidences in old

Delhi

bullOther

contemporary

houses in

surrounding

houses

References

Page 24: Dessertation ii sem [autosaved]

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 24

CATEGORY VISE HOUSING SHORTAGE

Estimated Urban Housing Unit Shortage as on 142007

More than 99 shortage is for EWSLIG segments

Total 2471 m 10000EWS 2178 m 8814LIG 289 m 1169MIG amp HIG 004 m 016

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 25

28

46

618

Source Annual Report 2006-07 MoHUPA

Slum Population as age of total urban population is given in parenthesis

GROWTH OF SLUMS

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 26

The housing requirement for the Rs3-10 Lakh income group is approx206 million units by 2011translating to a market size of Rs3300billion or USD 66 billion

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 27

SUGGESTED PARAMETER FOR HOUSING

EWS LIG MIG

Size 300-600 sq ft carpet area Not exceeding 1200 sq ft

carpet area

Cost Not exceeding 4 times

household gross annual

income

Not exceeding 5 times

household gross annual

income

EMIRent Not exceeding 30 of gross

monthly income

Not exceeding 40 of gross

monthly income

AFFORDABLE HOUSING THE CONCEPT AND ISSUES

Difficult to adopt a lsquoone-size-fits-allrsquo concept

Government should undertake a separate exercise to estimate the number of

households falling under the lsquoaffordable housingrsquo category

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 28

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 29

NCR revealed a number of interesting facts during the household survey carriedout in order to ascertain the affordability of the various income groups at citylevel Table 6 depicts in detail the maximum affordable EMI of households invarious income levels This EMI has been estimated from the annual income ofhousehold and its spending and saving behaviour The maximum EMI has beentranslated into affordable house property value based on an assumed interestrate loan tenure and loan to value ratio The table also shows the capital valuesthat the households will have to pay keeping in view the preferred house size andthe affordable house property value An interesting point that was inferred fromthe survey results was that the income groups of Rs3-5 Lakh and Rs5-6 Lakhpreferred similar sized units for their housing needs Both the income categoriesexpressed the area of their residential units in the range of 700-800 sqftHowever while this allows the lower income group to purchase a property withan average price of Rs2300sqft the same enabled the higher income group ofRs5-6 lakh to opt for properties in the range of Rs2900-3650sqft MeanwhileNCR spanning a larger area with vast land parcels available for residentialdevelopment provides varied location options for the residents of the city tofulfill their housing needs The category of households with income of Rs6 lakhand above can afford residential units in select pockets of the newly developedzones in Gurgaon Noida as well as along NH-2 and NH-24 Though these locationssuit the budget preference of households they are located about 30 kms from theCBD area of Delhi ie Connaught Place For example residential locations inGurgaon and Noida are atleast 30 kms from the CBD Residential locations on NH24 Ghaziabad and NH 2 Faridabad are about 35 kms and 27 kms respectivelyfrom the CBD Meanwhile if households especially those in the income categoryof Rs3-5 Lakh are willing to compromise on unit

IDENTIFYING AFFORDABILITY

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 30

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 31

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 32

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 33

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 34

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 35

H

H

H

H

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 36

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 37

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 38

Objectives

bull To facilitate the incorporation of affordable housing in residential and mixed-use developments

bull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing in locations with easy accessto shops transport and government

and community servicesbull To ensure appropriate car parking provision for household requirementsbull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing through management and

ownership considerations

Diversity of affordable

housing

The affordable housingdevelopment provides

bull one two andor three-bedroom dwelling typesandor

bull apartments

Car parking

Car parking provision isappropriate for site location andhousehold requirements and isprovided on the site

Location of affordable

housing

Affordable housing is locatedclose to or has easy access toshops employment transportand government and communityservices

PROVISION AND LOCATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 39

Objectives

Integrating affordable housing

Affordable housing is integrated into new residential and mixed-usedevelopments where it is not a stand-alone development on its own site

Suggested responses

INTEGRATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 40Transforming Shelters-A journey of affordable Luxury

40

Objectives

bull To ensure site planning and related design responses facilitate good housingoutcomes

PrivacyDwellings are designed toacknowledge the differentrequirements for privacy andcontrol in the transition1) from public spaces2) through the privately controlledbut publicly visibleor semi-private shared space tothe dwelling entry and3) onto its private open space

Addressing public space

A dwelling adjacent to a streetor park addresses themfunctionally and visually (Onlarge sites communal openspaces are the equivalent of apublic park)

Privacy within the development

Development does notsignificantly reduce privacy anddaylight to private open spaces

Legibility of accessAccess to and sense of entry to adwelling fronting a street or aninternal path network is clearand unambiguous

SITE PLANNING OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 41

41

External circulationExternal pathways serving anindividual dwelling or multiples ofdwellings within a developmentare designed to suit the needs andvolume of intended occupantsand users

Carparking and streetpresentation

The street frontage of thedevelopment is not dominatedby car parking areas orstructures rubbish binenclosures and utility structures

Planting

Landscaping forms an integralcomponent of the designof the development

Territoriality

bull To aid the control of externalspaces by immediatelyadjacent households theterritorial boundaries of thesespaces are clearly delineated

bull Access by the general publicthrough the site is preventedand if this is unachievable thepath should be treated like apublic realm area

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 42

Objectives

bull To facilitate the provision of comfortable pleasant safe efficient and cost-effective accommodation for the intended occupants of affordable housing

bull To facilitate the incorporation of adaptable housing design principles inaffordable housing

All dwelling types are providedwith an appropriately located andfunctional arearsquos like

External entry areas

Internal entry areas

Livingdining areas

Kitchens

Bathrooms

Hallways

Bedrooms

Storage Area

Clothes Drying

Stairs and lifts( as per

NBC)

Open space

Security Adaptable housing

DESIGN OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 43

Every room intended for human habitation shall abut on aninterior or exterior open space or an open VERANDAH open tosuch interior or exterior open space

SKETCH FOR EXAMPLECONTRARY IMAGE FOUND IN SURVEY

For streets less than 75 m in width the distance of the building (building line) shall beat least 5 m from the centre line of the street

FRONT OPEN SPACES

OPEN SPACES WITHIN A PLOT

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 44

44

Residential and Commercial Zones

In any layout or sub-division of land measuring 03 hectare of

more in residential and commercial zones the community open

spaces shall be reserved for recreational purposes which shall as

far as possible be provided in one place or planned out for the

use of the community in clusters or pockets

The community open spaces shall be provided catering to the

needs of area of layout population for which the layout is

planned and the category of dwelling units The following

minimum provision shall be made

a) 15 percent of the area of the layout or

b) 03 to 04rsquo ha1 000 persons for low income housing the open

spaces shall be 03 ha1 000 persons

No recreational space shall generally be less than 450 sqm

the building line shall beat least 3 m away from the boundary of

recreational open space

Community open spaces and amenities

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 45

Width of Means of Access

The residential plots shall abut

on a public means of access

like street-oad Plots which do

not abut on a streethoad shall

abuthont on a means of access

the width and other

requirements of which shall be

as given in Table 1

In no case development on plots shall be permitted unless it is accessible by a public street of width not less than 6 m

MEANS OF ACCESS

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 46

In the case of special housing schemes for low income group

and economically weaker section of society developed up to two

storied row cluster housing scheme the pedestrian pathway

width shall be 3 m subject to provisions of 94l(a) The

pedestrian pathway shall not serve more than 8 plots on each

side of the pathway the length of the pathway shall be not more

than 50 m

No mention of plot sizehelliplarge plots sub-divided and the norm fails

Distance from Electric LinesNo VERANDAH balcony or the like shall be allowed to beerected or re-erected or any additions or alterations made to abuilding within the distances quoted below in accordance withthe current Indian Electricity Rules as amended from time-to-time between the building and any overhead electric supplyline

MEANS OF ACCESS-Cntd

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 47

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 48

Plot SizeThe minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75 percent shall not be less than 40 sqm in small and medium town and not less than 30 sqm in metropolitan cities Plot sizes below 30 sqm but not less than 15 sqm may be permitted in case of cluster planning however in such cases the ground coverage and FSI shall be 100 percent and 2 percent respectively

NOTES1 In exceptional cases in metropolitan cities with population more than 1 million the size of plots may be brought down to 25 sqm in cases of low income housing colonies located in congested areas as decided by the Authority In mega-cities it may be further reduced to 15 m2 In such cases where plot size is below 25 sqm only cluster planning or group housing may be adopted

2 A minimum of 25 percent of the plot size shall be left open without adversely affecting light and ventilation for habitable spaces and toilet It shall not be made mandatory to leave set back on any side

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 49

Vehicular AccessA right of way of at least 6 m width should be provided up to theentrance to the cluster to facilitate emergency vehicle movement up tocluster

DensityCluster planning methodologies result in higher densities with low risestructures With per dwelling unit covered area of 15 sqm densities of500 dwelling units per hectare (net) shall be permissible Densitieshigher than this should not allowed

Group ToiletCluster housing for economically weaker section families can havegroup toilets at the rate of one water closet one bath and a washingplace for three families

Size of RoomHabitable RoomEvery dwelling unit to be provided should have at least two habitable rooms Even if one room house is provided initially it should be capable of adding a new second room in future However in case single room tenements are required to be provided where future additions are not possible the carpet area of multipurpose single room should be at least 125 m2Such one room dwelling units with 125 m2 carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case of on site rehabilitation of slum dwellers In a house of two rooms first room shall not be less than 90 m2 with minimum width of 25 m and second room shall not be less than 65 m2 with minimum width of 21 m provided the total area of both the rooms is not less than 155 m2 In incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room

SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF CLUSTER PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 51

Life style

Affordability

Social Classification

Life style

SALARY CLASS

BUSINESS CLASS

BOTH WORKING

JOINT FAMILY

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52

Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi

Zone ndashF

a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)

LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53

The component method of design provides a broad frame work for

achieving the described life style objectives

HOUSING COMPONENT

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59

the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60

Desired outcomes Suggested responses

One two and three-bedroom

dwellings

One two and three-bedroom affordable

housing

dwelling types provide rooms of

sufficient dimensions to support the

safe comfortable and convenient use of

and movement around furniture

facilities and fittings needed by

householders

Studio apartments

Studio apartment rooms provide

adequate space for the function of

individual units including

bull sleeping living dining and kitchen

areas and

bull adequate bathroom laundry and

clothes dryingfacilities

Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table

Studio apartments generally conform to a

minimum

gross floor area of 30m2

The room sizes generally conform to the

following table

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61

Afordability Survey and Analysis

Category

Sample

Income group

Current status

Current Facilities Wishlist

Affordable EMI Analysis

Low

Inco

me

Gro

up

case

-1

A small 2BHK unit

of approx

35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs

lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)

4000

Rentedcommon washrooms

separate washroom

1500 PM no privacy Privacy

Mid

dle

Cla

ss

case

-1

10000-35000

Single 2BHK Family 2bhk

A Good 23BHK unit of approx

100 sqyard in range of

18-25 lacs

Rented Good location 7000

11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry

Bigger balcony

More natural light

Bigger Bedrooms

Good storage Space

case

-2

10000-35000

Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms

RentedBigger living area

7000 PM Good height 10000

Minimum shafts

small kitchenlaundry

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62

EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT

AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1

Category - EWS

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR

CASE -2

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35

CASE -3

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE

5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25

35

40

25

30

1060

30

1060

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63

63

AREA -DAYANAND COLONY

CASE -1

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

1010

30

50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65

GENERAL PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68

NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69

SPACE RELATIONSHIP

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71

Approach for investigating

affordable housing

Knowledge about future

house

Knowledge about present

house

Knowledge about Family

Payment Method

Preferred Area

PreferredLocation

Affordability

TypologicalPreferences

SpacePreferences

Location winNeighborhood

AdvantagesDis

Home TypeOwnershipStatus

Location

NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces

Degree ofSatisfaction

Income level

No of Family Members

EducationalLevel

(husbandwife)

Work Sector

No of Cars

Domestic Labor

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

72

AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

10

10

30

50

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

73

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

74

Conclusion

While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are

increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as

televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While

we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an

auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living

in a slum-like dwelling

It is understandable that economic

growth leads to rise in income but this

has led to even faster rise in property

prices leaving it unaffordable for majority

of population Affordable housing is

expected to have a positive by improving

basic quality of life Problems like traffic

congestion air quality commute times

etc can be resolved by providing proper

housing facilities to the weaker sections

of the society While the concept of

affordable housing seems to be a simple

solution to current housing woes its

execution remains complicated due to the

unclear policy framework To make

affordable housing work in India it would

require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by

slightly adjusting their interests towards a

wider social cause

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

75

Land use planning and

development

The project of the poor

Development standards

Land supply

Land value

Land affordability

Subdivision

Land market

Allocation

Demand

Intervention rationale

Neo liberalism

Site and Service

Subdivision

Land policy

Efficiency and equity

Land management

Direct intervention world

bank

Learning by doing

Site and service

subdivision

Poverty alleviation

Suitability and

acceptability

Affordability standards

subdivision

Intervention usually takes three broad categories

bull planning regulations

bull direct government investments and

bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation

Land management improvements

Example Land Readjustment

direct public investment

Example land banking

Example Site-and-Service

OBJECTIVES

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at

1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on

rental or ownership basis

2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter

options especially to the vulnerable groups

and the poor

3 Ensuring that housing along with the

supporting services is treated as a priority and

at par with infrastructure sector

4 Removing barriers related to legal financial

and administrative for facilitating access to

land finance and technology

5 Forging strong partnership between private

public and cooperative sectors to enhance the

capacity of the construction industry to

participate in every sphere of housing and

habitat

6 Using technology for modernizing the

housing sector to increase efficiency

productivity energy efficiency and quality

7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions

and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for

adding to the housing stock

THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including

formulation of effective

foreclosure laws

bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of

resources to the

housing and infrastructure sector

bull Develop a debt market for housing and

infrastructure fully integrated

with the financial markets in the country

bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the

requirement of low cost funds

for the housing needs of the poor

bull Promote research and development and transfer of

technology for

construction of houses

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available

resources to promote development and growth in a

sustained manner

bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing

infrastructure innovative and energy saving

construction materials and methods and also set up

a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the

concessions are correctly targeted and utilized

bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological

standards to protect the environment and provide a

better quality of life in human settlements

bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage

market

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD

1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a

boost to housing and supporting infrastructure

2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in

undertaking housing construction for all segments in

urban and rural areas

3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to

land

4 Facilitate training of construction workers by

converging other development programs through

building centers and other agencies

5 Promote decentralized production and availability of

building material

6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their

responsibilities in regulatory and development

functions

THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare

District Housing Action Plans for rural areas

2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and

augment supply of land for housing particularly

for the vulnerable group

3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural

infrastructure services

4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for

planned development

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE

COMPANIES WOULD

1 Redefine their role and move away from their

traditional approach to housing finance

2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the

needs of people

3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to

those who are in dire need of housing finance

support

4 Mobilize resources from provident funds

insurance funds mutual funds etc For house

building activities

5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize

domestic savings

HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS

DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND

OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role

for facilitating land assembly and development of

infrastructure

2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and

cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient

manner

3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement

THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND

CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD

1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of

houses and development of amenities

2 Forge partnership with state governments and local

authorities for construction of houses

3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out

schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization

basis

RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

ORGANIZATIONS WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw

materials

2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace

them with renewable resources

3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by

various public and private construction agencies

4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and

construction methods

5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the

housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste

based energy

6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new

constructions as well as strengthening of existing

houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and

human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes

cyclones and floods

7 Disseminate (spread) information about new

technologies and provide training to construction

workers in the use of new technologies

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

84

Role of PPP in Affordable Housing

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

85

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

86

JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance

No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million

No of Houses under Progress 0265 million

Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores

(BSUP+IHSDP)

997

achieved

Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of

Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline

Target of 27 cities

27 cities

achieved

Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of

developed land for EWSLIG Timeline

Target of 16 cities

16 cities

achieved

The JNNURM Initiative

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

87

i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP

ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath

iii Vector-free housing layout

iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces

v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and

vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness

Inclusive Planning amp Architecture

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

88

Recommendations

bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100

ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households

ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs

ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment

ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure

ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by

ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and

conversion of agricultural lands for urban use

ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for

making a proper assessment of land

requirements and allocation of such lands for

different uses

ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

89

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

90

Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

91

Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels

Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

92

SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66

References

Inferences

Books

Internet

Case Studies

Library references

bullNational Building Codes

bullGreen Households Domestic consumers

environment and sustainability

bullSustainable design practice

bullModern architecture

bullGaia House Design

bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy

Charles chorea and Raj

Reval

bullIntach library

Net references

bullWikipediacom

bullGooglecoin

bullDDA website

bullWHO living

standards

Case studies

bullResidences in old

Delhi

bullOther

contemporary

houses in

surrounding

houses

References

Page 25: Dessertation ii sem [autosaved]

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 25

28

46

618

Source Annual Report 2006-07 MoHUPA

Slum Population as age of total urban population is given in parenthesis

GROWTH OF SLUMS

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 26

The housing requirement for the Rs3-10 Lakh income group is approx206 million units by 2011translating to a market size of Rs3300billion or USD 66 billion

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 27

SUGGESTED PARAMETER FOR HOUSING

EWS LIG MIG

Size 300-600 sq ft carpet area Not exceeding 1200 sq ft

carpet area

Cost Not exceeding 4 times

household gross annual

income

Not exceeding 5 times

household gross annual

income

EMIRent Not exceeding 30 of gross

monthly income

Not exceeding 40 of gross

monthly income

AFFORDABLE HOUSING THE CONCEPT AND ISSUES

Difficult to adopt a lsquoone-size-fits-allrsquo concept

Government should undertake a separate exercise to estimate the number of

households falling under the lsquoaffordable housingrsquo category

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 28

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 29

NCR revealed a number of interesting facts during the household survey carriedout in order to ascertain the affordability of the various income groups at citylevel Table 6 depicts in detail the maximum affordable EMI of households invarious income levels This EMI has been estimated from the annual income ofhousehold and its spending and saving behaviour The maximum EMI has beentranslated into affordable house property value based on an assumed interestrate loan tenure and loan to value ratio The table also shows the capital valuesthat the households will have to pay keeping in view the preferred house size andthe affordable house property value An interesting point that was inferred fromthe survey results was that the income groups of Rs3-5 Lakh and Rs5-6 Lakhpreferred similar sized units for their housing needs Both the income categoriesexpressed the area of their residential units in the range of 700-800 sqftHowever while this allows the lower income group to purchase a property withan average price of Rs2300sqft the same enabled the higher income group ofRs5-6 lakh to opt for properties in the range of Rs2900-3650sqft MeanwhileNCR spanning a larger area with vast land parcels available for residentialdevelopment provides varied location options for the residents of the city tofulfill their housing needs The category of households with income of Rs6 lakhand above can afford residential units in select pockets of the newly developedzones in Gurgaon Noida as well as along NH-2 and NH-24 Though these locationssuit the budget preference of households they are located about 30 kms from theCBD area of Delhi ie Connaught Place For example residential locations inGurgaon and Noida are atleast 30 kms from the CBD Residential locations on NH24 Ghaziabad and NH 2 Faridabad are about 35 kms and 27 kms respectivelyfrom the CBD Meanwhile if households especially those in the income categoryof Rs3-5 Lakh are willing to compromise on unit

IDENTIFYING AFFORDABILITY

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 30

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 31

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 32

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 33

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 34

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 35

H

H

H

H

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 36

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 37

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 38

Objectives

bull To facilitate the incorporation of affordable housing in residential and mixed-use developments

bull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing in locations with easy accessto shops transport and government

and community servicesbull To ensure appropriate car parking provision for household requirementsbull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing through management and

ownership considerations

Diversity of affordable

housing

The affordable housingdevelopment provides

bull one two andor three-bedroom dwelling typesandor

bull apartments

Car parking

Car parking provision isappropriate for site location andhousehold requirements and isprovided on the site

Location of affordable

housing

Affordable housing is locatedclose to or has easy access toshops employment transportand government and communityservices

PROVISION AND LOCATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 39

Objectives

Integrating affordable housing

Affordable housing is integrated into new residential and mixed-usedevelopments where it is not a stand-alone development on its own site

Suggested responses

INTEGRATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 40Transforming Shelters-A journey of affordable Luxury

40

Objectives

bull To ensure site planning and related design responses facilitate good housingoutcomes

PrivacyDwellings are designed toacknowledge the differentrequirements for privacy andcontrol in the transition1) from public spaces2) through the privately controlledbut publicly visibleor semi-private shared space tothe dwelling entry and3) onto its private open space

Addressing public space

A dwelling adjacent to a streetor park addresses themfunctionally and visually (Onlarge sites communal openspaces are the equivalent of apublic park)

Privacy within the development

Development does notsignificantly reduce privacy anddaylight to private open spaces

Legibility of accessAccess to and sense of entry to adwelling fronting a street or aninternal path network is clearand unambiguous

SITE PLANNING OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 41

41

External circulationExternal pathways serving anindividual dwelling or multiples ofdwellings within a developmentare designed to suit the needs andvolume of intended occupantsand users

Carparking and streetpresentation

The street frontage of thedevelopment is not dominatedby car parking areas orstructures rubbish binenclosures and utility structures

Planting

Landscaping forms an integralcomponent of the designof the development

Territoriality

bull To aid the control of externalspaces by immediatelyadjacent households theterritorial boundaries of thesespaces are clearly delineated

bull Access by the general publicthrough the site is preventedand if this is unachievable thepath should be treated like apublic realm area

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 42

Objectives

bull To facilitate the provision of comfortable pleasant safe efficient and cost-effective accommodation for the intended occupants of affordable housing

bull To facilitate the incorporation of adaptable housing design principles inaffordable housing

All dwelling types are providedwith an appropriately located andfunctional arearsquos like

External entry areas

Internal entry areas

Livingdining areas

Kitchens

Bathrooms

Hallways

Bedrooms

Storage Area

Clothes Drying

Stairs and lifts( as per

NBC)

Open space

Security Adaptable housing

DESIGN OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 43

Every room intended for human habitation shall abut on aninterior or exterior open space or an open VERANDAH open tosuch interior or exterior open space

SKETCH FOR EXAMPLECONTRARY IMAGE FOUND IN SURVEY

For streets less than 75 m in width the distance of the building (building line) shall beat least 5 m from the centre line of the street

FRONT OPEN SPACES

OPEN SPACES WITHIN A PLOT

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 44

44

Residential and Commercial Zones

In any layout or sub-division of land measuring 03 hectare of

more in residential and commercial zones the community open

spaces shall be reserved for recreational purposes which shall as

far as possible be provided in one place or planned out for the

use of the community in clusters or pockets

The community open spaces shall be provided catering to the

needs of area of layout population for which the layout is

planned and the category of dwelling units The following

minimum provision shall be made

a) 15 percent of the area of the layout or

b) 03 to 04rsquo ha1 000 persons for low income housing the open

spaces shall be 03 ha1 000 persons

No recreational space shall generally be less than 450 sqm

the building line shall beat least 3 m away from the boundary of

recreational open space

Community open spaces and amenities

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 45

Width of Means of Access

The residential plots shall abut

on a public means of access

like street-oad Plots which do

not abut on a streethoad shall

abuthont on a means of access

the width and other

requirements of which shall be

as given in Table 1

In no case development on plots shall be permitted unless it is accessible by a public street of width not less than 6 m

MEANS OF ACCESS

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 46

In the case of special housing schemes for low income group

and economically weaker section of society developed up to two

storied row cluster housing scheme the pedestrian pathway

width shall be 3 m subject to provisions of 94l(a) The

pedestrian pathway shall not serve more than 8 plots on each

side of the pathway the length of the pathway shall be not more

than 50 m

No mention of plot sizehelliplarge plots sub-divided and the norm fails

Distance from Electric LinesNo VERANDAH balcony or the like shall be allowed to beerected or re-erected or any additions or alterations made to abuilding within the distances quoted below in accordance withthe current Indian Electricity Rules as amended from time-to-time between the building and any overhead electric supplyline

MEANS OF ACCESS-Cntd

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 47

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 48

Plot SizeThe minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75 percent shall not be less than 40 sqm in small and medium town and not less than 30 sqm in metropolitan cities Plot sizes below 30 sqm but not less than 15 sqm may be permitted in case of cluster planning however in such cases the ground coverage and FSI shall be 100 percent and 2 percent respectively

NOTES1 In exceptional cases in metropolitan cities with population more than 1 million the size of plots may be brought down to 25 sqm in cases of low income housing colonies located in congested areas as decided by the Authority In mega-cities it may be further reduced to 15 m2 In such cases where plot size is below 25 sqm only cluster planning or group housing may be adopted

2 A minimum of 25 percent of the plot size shall be left open without adversely affecting light and ventilation for habitable spaces and toilet It shall not be made mandatory to leave set back on any side

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 49

Vehicular AccessA right of way of at least 6 m width should be provided up to theentrance to the cluster to facilitate emergency vehicle movement up tocluster

DensityCluster planning methodologies result in higher densities with low risestructures With per dwelling unit covered area of 15 sqm densities of500 dwelling units per hectare (net) shall be permissible Densitieshigher than this should not allowed

Group ToiletCluster housing for economically weaker section families can havegroup toilets at the rate of one water closet one bath and a washingplace for three families

Size of RoomHabitable RoomEvery dwelling unit to be provided should have at least two habitable rooms Even if one room house is provided initially it should be capable of adding a new second room in future However in case single room tenements are required to be provided where future additions are not possible the carpet area of multipurpose single room should be at least 125 m2Such one room dwelling units with 125 m2 carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case of on site rehabilitation of slum dwellers In a house of two rooms first room shall not be less than 90 m2 with minimum width of 25 m and second room shall not be less than 65 m2 with minimum width of 21 m provided the total area of both the rooms is not less than 155 m2 In incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room

SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF CLUSTER PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 51

Life style

Affordability

Social Classification

Life style

SALARY CLASS

BUSINESS CLASS

BOTH WORKING

JOINT FAMILY

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52

Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi

Zone ndashF

a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)

LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53

The component method of design provides a broad frame work for

achieving the described life style objectives

HOUSING COMPONENT

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59

the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60

Desired outcomes Suggested responses

One two and three-bedroom

dwellings

One two and three-bedroom affordable

housing

dwelling types provide rooms of

sufficient dimensions to support the

safe comfortable and convenient use of

and movement around furniture

facilities and fittings needed by

householders

Studio apartments

Studio apartment rooms provide

adequate space for the function of

individual units including

bull sleeping living dining and kitchen

areas and

bull adequate bathroom laundry and

clothes dryingfacilities

Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table

Studio apartments generally conform to a

minimum

gross floor area of 30m2

The room sizes generally conform to the

following table

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61

Afordability Survey and Analysis

Category

Sample

Income group

Current status

Current Facilities Wishlist

Affordable EMI Analysis

Low

Inco

me

Gro

up

case

-1

A small 2BHK unit

of approx

35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs

lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)

4000

Rentedcommon washrooms

separate washroom

1500 PM no privacy Privacy

Mid

dle

Cla

ss

case

-1

10000-35000

Single 2BHK Family 2bhk

A Good 23BHK unit of approx

100 sqyard in range of

18-25 lacs

Rented Good location 7000

11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry

Bigger balcony

More natural light

Bigger Bedrooms

Good storage Space

case

-2

10000-35000

Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms

RentedBigger living area

7000 PM Good height 10000

Minimum shafts

small kitchenlaundry

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62

EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT

AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1

Category - EWS

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR

CASE -2

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35

CASE -3

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE

5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25

35

40

25

30

1060

30

1060

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63

63

AREA -DAYANAND COLONY

CASE -1

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

1010

30

50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65

GENERAL PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68

NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69

SPACE RELATIONSHIP

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71

Approach for investigating

affordable housing

Knowledge about future

house

Knowledge about present

house

Knowledge about Family

Payment Method

Preferred Area

PreferredLocation

Affordability

TypologicalPreferences

SpacePreferences

Location winNeighborhood

AdvantagesDis

Home TypeOwnershipStatus

Location

NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces

Degree ofSatisfaction

Income level

No of Family Members

EducationalLevel

(husbandwife)

Work Sector

No of Cars

Domestic Labor

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

72

AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

10

10

30

50

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

73

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

74

Conclusion

While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are

increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as

televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While

we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an

auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living

in a slum-like dwelling

It is understandable that economic

growth leads to rise in income but this

has led to even faster rise in property

prices leaving it unaffordable for majority

of population Affordable housing is

expected to have a positive by improving

basic quality of life Problems like traffic

congestion air quality commute times

etc can be resolved by providing proper

housing facilities to the weaker sections

of the society While the concept of

affordable housing seems to be a simple

solution to current housing woes its

execution remains complicated due to the

unclear policy framework To make

affordable housing work in India it would

require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by

slightly adjusting their interests towards a

wider social cause

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

75

Land use planning and

development

The project of the poor

Development standards

Land supply

Land value

Land affordability

Subdivision

Land market

Allocation

Demand

Intervention rationale

Neo liberalism

Site and Service

Subdivision

Land policy

Efficiency and equity

Land management

Direct intervention world

bank

Learning by doing

Site and service

subdivision

Poverty alleviation

Suitability and

acceptability

Affordability standards

subdivision

Intervention usually takes three broad categories

bull planning regulations

bull direct government investments and

bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation

Land management improvements

Example Land Readjustment

direct public investment

Example land banking

Example Site-and-Service

OBJECTIVES

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at

1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on

rental or ownership basis

2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter

options especially to the vulnerable groups

and the poor

3 Ensuring that housing along with the

supporting services is treated as a priority and

at par with infrastructure sector

4 Removing barriers related to legal financial

and administrative for facilitating access to

land finance and technology

5 Forging strong partnership between private

public and cooperative sectors to enhance the

capacity of the construction industry to

participate in every sphere of housing and

habitat

6 Using technology for modernizing the

housing sector to increase efficiency

productivity energy efficiency and quality

7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions

and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for

adding to the housing stock

THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including

formulation of effective

foreclosure laws

bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of

resources to the

housing and infrastructure sector

bull Develop a debt market for housing and

infrastructure fully integrated

with the financial markets in the country

bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the

requirement of low cost funds

for the housing needs of the poor

bull Promote research and development and transfer of

technology for

construction of houses

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available

resources to promote development and growth in a

sustained manner

bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing

infrastructure innovative and energy saving

construction materials and methods and also set up

a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the

concessions are correctly targeted and utilized

bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological

standards to protect the environment and provide a

better quality of life in human settlements

bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage

market

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD

1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a

boost to housing and supporting infrastructure

2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in

undertaking housing construction for all segments in

urban and rural areas

3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to

land

4 Facilitate training of construction workers by

converging other development programs through

building centers and other agencies

5 Promote decentralized production and availability of

building material

6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their

responsibilities in regulatory and development

functions

THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare

District Housing Action Plans for rural areas

2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and

augment supply of land for housing particularly

for the vulnerable group

3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural

infrastructure services

4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for

planned development

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE

COMPANIES WOULD

1 Redefine their role and move away from their

traditional approach to housing finance

2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the

needs of people

3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to

those who are in dire need of housing finance

support

4 Mobilize resources from provident funds

insurance funds mutual funds etc For house

building activities

5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize

domestic savings

HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS

DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND

OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role

for facilitating land assembly and development of

infrastructure

2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and

cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient

manner

3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement

THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND

CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD

1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of

houses and development of amenities

2 Forge partnership with state governments and local

authorities for construction of houses

3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out

schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization

basis

RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

ORGANIZATIONS WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw

materials

2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace

them with renewable resources

3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by

various public and private construction agencies

4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and

construction methods

5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the

housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste

based energy

6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new

constructions as well as strengthening of existing

houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and

human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes

cyclones and floods

7 Disseminate (spread) information about new

technologies and provide training to construction

workers in the use of new technologies

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

84

Role of PPP in Affordable Housing

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

85

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

86

JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance

No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million

No of Houses under Progress 0265 million

Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores

(BSUP+IHSDP)

997

achieved

Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of

Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline

Target of 27 cities

27 cities

achieved

Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of

developed land for EWSLIG Timeline

Target of 16 cities

16 cities

achieved

The JNNURM Initiative

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

87

i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP

ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath

iii Vector-free housing layout

iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces

v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and

vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness

Inclusive Planning amp Architecture

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

88

Recommendations

bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100

ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households

ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs

ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment

ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure

ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by

ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and

conversion of agricultural lands for urban use

ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for

making a proper assessment of land

requirements and allocation of such lands for

different uses

ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

89

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

90

Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

91

Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels

Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

92

SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66

References

Inferences

Books

Internet

Case Studies

Library references

bullNational Building Codes

bullGreen Households Domestic consumers

environment and sustainability

bullSustainable design practice

bullModern architecture

bullGaia House Design

bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy

Charles chorea and Raj

Reval

bullIntach library

Net references

bullWikipediacom

bullGooglecoin

bullDDA website

bullWHO living

standards

Case studies

bullResidences in old

Delhi

bullOther

contemporary

houses in

surrounding

houses

References

Page 26: Dessertation ii sem [autosaved]

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 26

The housing requirement for the Rs3-10 Lakh income group is approx206 million units by 2011translating to a market size of Rs3300billion or USD 66 billion

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 27

SUGGESTED PARAMETER FOR HOUSING

EWS LIG MIG

Size 300-600 sq ft carpet area Not exceeding 1200 sq ft

carpet area

Cost Not exceeding 4 times

household gross annual

income

Not exceeding 5 times

household gross annual

income

EMIRent Not exceeding 30 of gross

monthly income

Not exceeding 40 of gross

monthly income

AFFORDABLE HOUSING THE CONCEPT AND ISSUES

Difficult to adopt a lsquoone-size-fits-allrsquo concept

Government should undertake a separate exercise to estimate the number of

households falling under the lsquoaffordable housingrsquo category

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 28

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 29

NCR revealed a number of interesting facts during the household survey carriedout in order to ascertain the affordability of the various income groups at citylevel Table 6 depicts in detail the maximum affordable EMI of households invarious income levels This EMI has been estimated from the annual income ofhousehold and its spending and saving behaviour The maximum EMI has beentranslated into affordable house property value based on an assumed interestrate loan tenure and loan to value ratio The table also shows the capital valuesthat the households will have to pay keeping in view the preferred house size andthe affordable house property value An interesting point that was inferred fromthe survey results was that the income groups of Rs3-5 Lakh and Rs5-6 Lakhpreferred similar sized units for their housing needs Both the income categoriesexpressed the area of their residential units in the range of 700-800 sqftHowever while this allows the lower income group to purchase a property withan average price of Rs2300sqft the same enabled the higher income group ofRs5-6 lakh to opt for properties in the range of Rs2900-3650sqft MeanwhileNCR spanning a larger area with vast land parcels available for residentialdevelopment provides varied location options for the residents of the city tofulfill their housing needs The category of households with income of Rs6 lakhand above can afford residential units in select pockets of the newly developedzones in Gurgaon Noida as well as along NH-2 and NH-24 Though these locationssuit the budget preference of households they are located about 30 kms from theCBD area of Delhi ie Connaught Place For example residential locations inGurgaon and Noida are atleast 30 kms from the CBD Residential locations on NH24 Ghaziabad and NH 2 Faridabad are about 35 kms and 27 kms respectivelyfrom the CBD Meanwhile if households especially those in the income categoryof Rs3-5 Lakh are willing to compromise on unit

IDENTIFYING AFFORDABILITY

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 30

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 31

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 32

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 33

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 34

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 35

H

H

H

H

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 36

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 37

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 38

Objectives

bull To facilitate the incorporation of affordable housing in residential and mixed-use developments

bull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing in locations with easy accessto shops transport and government

and community servicesbull To ensure appropriate car parking provision for household requirementsbull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing through management and

ownership considerations

Diversity of affordable

housing

The affordable housingdevelopment provides

bull one two andor three-bedroom dwelling typesandor

bull apartments

Car parking

Car parking provision isappropriate for site location andhousehold requirements and isprovided on the site

Location of affordable

housing

Affordable housing is locatedclose to or has easy access toshops employment transportand government and communityservices

PROVISION AND LOCATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 39

Objectives

Integrating affordable housing

Affordable housing is integrated into new residential and mixed-usedevelopments where it is not a stand-alone development on its own site

Suggested responses

INTEGRATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 40Transforming Shelters-A journey of affordable Luxury

40

Objectives

bull To ensure site planning and related design responses facilitate good housingoutcomes

PrivacyDwellings are designed toacknowledge the differentrequirements for privacy andcontrol in the transition1) from public spaces2) through the privately controlledbut publicly visibleor semi-private shared space tothe dwelling entry and3) onto its private open space

Addressing public space

A dwelling adjacent to a streetor park addresses themfunctionally and visually (Onlarge sites communal openspaces are the equivalent of apublic park)

Privacy within the development

Development does notsignificantly reduce privacy anddaylight to private open spaces

Legibility of accessAccess to and sense of entry to adwelling fronting a street or aninternal path network is clearand unambiguous

SITE PLANNING OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 41

41

External circulationExternal pathways serving anindividual dwelling or multiples ofdwellings within a developmentare designed to suit the needs andvolume of intended occupantsand users

Carparking and streetpresentation

The street frontage of thedevelopment is not dominatedby car parking areas orstructures rubbish binenclosures and utility structures

Planting

Landscaping forms an integralcomponent of the designof the development

Territoriality

bull To aid the control of externalspaces by immediatelyadjacent households theterritorial boundaries of thesespaces are clearly delineated

bull Access by the general publicthrough the site is preventedand if this is unachievable thepath should be treated like apublic realm area

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 42

Objectives

bull To facilitate the provision of comfortable pleasant safe efficient and cost-effective accommodation for the intended occupants of affordable housing

bull To facilitate the incorporation of adaptable housing design principles inaffordable housing

All dwelling types are providedwith an appropriately located andfunctional arearsquos like

External entry areas

Internal entry areas

Livingdining areas

Kitchens

Bathrooms

Hallways

Bedrooms

Storage Area

Clothes Drying

Stairs and lifts( as per

NBC)

Open space

Security Adaptable housing

DESIGN OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 43

Every room intended for human habitation shall abut on aninterior or exterior open space or an open VERANDAH open tosuch interior or exterior open space

SKETCH FOR EXAMPLECONTRARY IMAGE FOUND IN SURVEY

For streets less than 75 m in width the distance of the building (building line) shall beat least 5 m from the centre line of the street

FRONT OPEN SPACES

OPEN SPACES WITHIN A PLOT

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 44

44

Residential and Commercial Zones

In any layout or sub-division of land measuring 03 hectare of

more in residential and commercial zones the community open

spaces shall be reserved for recreational purposes which shall as

far as possible be provided in one place or planned out for the

use of the community in clusters or pockets

The community open spaces shall be provided catering to the

needs of area of layout population for which the layout is

planned and the category of dwelling units The following

minimum provision shall be made

a) 15 percent of the area of the layout or

b) 03 to 04rsquo ha1 000 persons for low income housing the open

spaces shall be 03 ha1 000 persons

No recreational space shall generally be less than 450 sqm

the building line shall beat least 3 m away from the boundary of

recreational open space

Community open spaces and amenities

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 45

Width of Means of Access

The residential plots shall abut

on a public means of access

like street-oad Plots which do

not abut on a streethoad shall

abuthont on a means of access

the width and other

requirements of which shall be

as given in Table 1

In no case development on plots shall be permitted unless it is accessible by a public street of width not less than 6 m

MEANS OF ACCESS

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 46

In the case of special housing schemes for low income group

and economically weaker section of society developed up to two

storied row cluster housing scheme the pedestrian pathway

width shall be 3 m subject to provisions of 94l(a) The

pedestrian pathway shall not serve more than 8 plots on each

side of the pathway the length of the pathway shall be not more

than 50 m

No mention of plot sizehelliplarge plots sub-divided and the norm fails

Distance from Electric LinesNo VERANDAH balcony or the like shall be allowed to beerected or re-erected or any additions or alterations made to abuilding within the distances quoted below in accordance withthe current Indian Electricity Rules as amended from time-to-time between the building and any overhead electric supplyline

MEANS OF ACCESS-Cntd

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 47

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 48

Plot SizeThe minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75 percent shall not be less than 40 sqm in small and medium town and not less than 30 sqm in metropolitan cities Plot sizes below 30 sqm but not less than 15 sqm may be permitted in case of cluster planning however in such cases the ground coverage and FSI shall be 100 percent and 2 percent respectively

NOTES1 In exceptional cases in metropolitan cities with population more than 1 million the size of plots may be brought down to 25 sqm in cases of low income housing colonies located in congested areas as decided by the Authority In mega-cities it may be further reduced to 15 m2 In such cases where plot size is below 25 sqm only cluster planning or group housing may be adopted

2 A minimum of 25 percent of the plot size shall be left open without adversely affecting light and ventilation for habitable spaces and toilet It shall not be made mandatory to leave set back on any side

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 49

Vehicular AccessA right of way of at least 6 m width should be provided up to theentrance to the cluster to facilitate emergency vehicle movement up tocluster

DensityCluster planning methodologies result in higher densities with low risestructures With per dwelling unit covered area of 15 sqm densities of500 dwelling units per hectare (net) shall be permissible Densitieshigher than this should not allowed

Group ToiletCluster housing for economically weaker section families can havegroup toilets at the rate of one water closet one bath and a washingplace for three families

Size of RoomHabitable RoomEvery dwelling unit to be provided should have at least two habitable rooms Even if one room house is provided initially it should be capable of adding a new second room in future However in case single room tenements are required to be provided where future additions are not possible the carpet area of multipurpose single room should be at least 125 m2Such one room dwelling units with 125 m2 carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case of on site rehabilitation of slum dwellers In a house of two rooms first room shall not be less than 90 m2 with minimum width of 25 m and second room shall not be less than 65 m2 with minimum width of 21 m provided the total area of both the rooms is not less than 155 m2 In incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room

SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF CLUSTER PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 51

Life style

Affordability

Social Classification

Life style

SALARY CLASS

BUSINESS CLASS

BOTH WORKING

JOINT FAMILY

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52

Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi

Zone ndashF

a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)

LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53

The component method of design provides a broad frame work for

achieving the described life style objectives

HOUSING COMPONENT

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59

the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60

Desired outcomes Suggested responses

One two and three-bedroom

dwellings

One two and three-bedroom affordable

housing

dwelling types provide rooms of

sufficient dimensions to support the

safe comfortable and convenient use of

and movement around furniture

facilities and fittings needed by

householders

Studio apartments

Studio apartment rooms provide

adequate space for the function of

individual units including

bull sleeping living dining and kitchen

areas and

bull adequate bathroom laundry and

clothes dryingfacilities

Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table

Studio apartments generally conform to a

minimum

gross floor area of 30m2

The room sizes generally conform to the

following table

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61

Afordability Survey and Analysis

Category

Sample

Income group

Current status

Current Facilities Wishlist

Affordable EMI Analysis

Low

Inco

me

Gro

up

case

-1

A small 2BHK unit

of approx

35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs

lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)

4000

Rentedcommon washrooms

separate washroom

1500 PM no privacy Privacy

Mid

dle

Cla

ss

case

-1

10000-35000

Single 2BHK Family 2bhk

A Good 23BHK unit of approx

100 sqyard in range of

18-25 lacs

Rented Good location 7000

11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry

Bigger balcony

More natural light

Bigger Bedrooms

Good storage Space

case

-2

10000-35000

Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms

RentedBigger living area

7000 PM Good height 10000

Minimum shafts

small kitchenlaundry

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62

EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT

AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1

Category - EWS

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR

CASE -2

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35

CASE -3

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE

5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25

35

40

25

30

1060

30

1060

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63

63

AREA -DAYANAND COLONY

CASE -1

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

1010

30

50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65

GENERAL PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68

NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69

SPACE RELATIONSHIP

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71

Approach for investigating

affordable housing

Knowledge about future

house

Knowledge about present

house

Knowledge about Family

Payment Method

Preferred Area

PreferredLocation

Affordability

TypologicalPreferences

SpacePreferences

Location winNeighborhood

AdvantagesDis

Home TypeOwnershipStatus

Location

NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces

Degree ofSatisfaction

Income level

No of Family Members

EducationalLevel

(husbandwife)

Work Sector

No of Cars

Domestic Labor

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

72

AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

10

10

30

50

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

73

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

74

Conclusion

While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are

increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as

televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While

we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an

auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living

in a slum-like dwelling

It is understandable that economic

growth leads to rise in income but this

has led to even faster rise in property

prices leaving it unaffordable for majority

of population Affordable housing is

expected to have a positive by improving

basic quality of life Problems like traffic

congestion air quality commute times

etc can be resolved by providing proper

housing facilities to the weaker sections

of the society While the concept of

affordable housing seems to be a simple

solution to current housing woes its

execution remains complicated due to the

unclear policy framework To make

affordable housing work in India it would

require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by

slightly adjusting their interests towards a

wider social cause

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

75

Land use planning and

development

The project of the poor

Development standards

Land supply

Land value

Land affordability

Subdivision

Land market

Allocation

Demand

Intervention rationale

Neo liberalism

Site and Service

Subdivision

Land policy

Efficiency and equity

Land management

Direct intervention world

bank

Learning by doing

Site and service

subdivision

Poverty alleviation

Suitability and

acceptability

Affordability standards

subdivision

Intervention usually takes three broad categories

bull planning regulations

bull direct government investments and

bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation

Land management improvements

Example Land Readjustment

direct public investment

Example land banking

Example Site-and-Service

OBJECTIVES

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at

1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on

rental or ownership basis

2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter

options especially to the vulnerable groups

and the poor

3 Ensuring that housing along with the

supporting services is treated as a priority and

at par with infrastructure sector

4 Removing barriers related to legal financial

and administrative for facilitating access to

land finance and technology

5 Forging strong partnership between private

public and cooperative sectors to enhance the

capacity of the construction industry to

participate in every sphere of housing and

habitat

6 Using technology for modernizing the

housing sector to increase efficiency

productivity energy efficiency and quality

7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions

and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for

adding to the housing stock

THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including

formulation of effective

foreclosure laws

bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of

resources to the

housing and infrastructure sector

bull Develop a debt market for housing and

infrastructure fully integrated

with the financial markets in the country

bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the

requirement of low cost funds

for the housing needs of the poor

bull Promote research and development and transfer of

technology for

construction of houses

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available

resources to promote development and growth in a

sustained manner

bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing

infrastructure innovative and energy saving

construction materials and methods and also set up

a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the

concessions are correctly targeted and utilized

bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological

standards to protect the environment and provide a

better quality of life in human settlements

bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage

market

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD

1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a

boost to housing and supporting infrastructure

2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in

undertaking housing construction for all segments in

urban and rural areas

3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to

land

4 Facilitate training of construction workers by

converging other development programs through

building centers and other agencies

5 Promote decentralized production and availability of

building material

6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their

responsibilities in regulatory and development

functions

THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare

District Housing Action Plans for rural areas

2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and

augment supply of land for housing particularly

for the vulnerable group

3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural

infrastructure services

4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for

planned development

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE

COMPANIES WOULD

1 Redefine their role and move away from their

traditional approach to housing finance

2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the

needs of people

3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to

those who are in dire need of housing finance

support

4 Mobilize resources from provident funds

insurance funds mutual funds etc For house

building activities

5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize

domestic savings

HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS

DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND

OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role

for facilitating land assembly and development of

infrastructure

2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and

cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient

manner

3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement

THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND

CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD

1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of

houses and development of amenities

2 Forge partnership with state governments and local

authorities for construction of houses

3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out

schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization

basis

RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

ORGANIZATIONS WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw

materials

2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace

them with renewable resources

3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by

various public and private construction agencies

4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and

construction methods

5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the

housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste

based energy

6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new

constructions as well as strengthening of existing

houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and

human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes

cyclones and floods

7 Disseminate (spread) information about new

technologies and provide training to construction

workers in the use of new technologies

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

84

Role of PPP in Affordable Housing

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

85

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

86

JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance

No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million

No of Houses under Progress 0265 million

Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores

(BSUP+IHSDP)

997

achieved

Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of

Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline

Target of 27 cities

27 cities

achieved

Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of

developed land for EWSLIG Timeline

Target of 16 cities

16 cities

achieved

The JNNURM Initiative

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

87

i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP

ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath

iii Vector-free housing layout

iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces

v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and

vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness

Inclusive Planning amp Architecture

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

88

Recommendations

bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100

ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households

ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs

ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment

ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure

ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by

ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and

conversion of agricultural lands for urban use

ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for

making a proper assessment of land

requirements and allocation of such lands for

different uses

ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

89

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

90

Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

91

Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels

Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

92

SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66

References

Inferences

Books

Internet

Case Studies

Library references

bullNational Building Codes

bullGreen Households Domestic consumers

environment and sustainability

bullSustainable design practice

bullModern architecture

bullGaia House Design

bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy

Charles chorea and Raj

Reval

bullIntach library

Net references

bullWikipediacom

bullGooglecoin

bullDDA website

bullWHO living

standards

Case studies

bullResidences in old

Delhi

bullOther

contemporary

houses in

surrounding

houses

References

Page 27: Dessertation ii sem [autosaved]

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 27

SUGGESTED PARAMETER FOR HOUSING

EWS LIG MIG

Size 300-600 sq ft carpet area Not exceeding 1200 sq ft

carpet area

Cost Not exceeding 4 times

household gross annual

income

Not exceeding 5 times

household gross annual

income

EMIRent Not exceeding 30 of gross

monthly income

Not exceeding 40 of gross

monthly income

AFFORDABLE HOUSING THE CONCEPT AND ISSUES

Difficult to adopt a lsquoone-size-fits-allrsquo concept

Government should undertake a separate exercise to estimate the number of

households falling under the lsquoaffordable housingrsquo category

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 28

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 29

NCR revealed a number of interesting facts during the household survey carriedout in order to ascertain the affordability of the various income groups at citylevel Table 6 depicts in detail the maximum affordable EMI of households invarious income levels This EMI has been estimated from the annual income ofhousehold and its spending and saving behaviour The maximum EMI has beentranslated into affordable house property value based on an assumed interestrate loan tenure and loan to value ratio The table also shows the capital valuesthat the households will have to pay keeping in view the preferred house size andthe affordable house property value An interesting point that was inferred fromthe survey results was that the income groups of Rs3-5 Lakh and Rs5-6 Lakhpreferred similar sized units for their housing needs Both the income categoriesexpressed the area of their residential units in the range of 700-800 sqftHowever while this allows the lower income group to purchase a property withan average price of Rs2300sqft the same enabled the higher income group ofRs5-6 lakh to opt for properties in the range of Rs2900-3650sqft MeanwhileNCR spanning a larger area with vast land parcels available for residentialdevelopment provides varied location options for the residents of the city tofulfill their housing needs The category of households with income of Rs6 lakhand above can afford residential units in select pockets of the newly developedzones in Gurgaon Noida as well as along NH-2 and NH-24 Though these locationssuit the budget preference of households they are located about 30 kms from theCBD area of Delhi ie Connaught Place For example residential locations inGurgaon and Noida are atleast 30 kms from the CBD Residential locations on NH24 Ghaziabad and NH 2 Faridabad are about 35 kms and 27 kms respectivelyfrom the CBD Meanwhile if households especially those in the income categoryof Rs3-5 Lakh are willing to compromise on unit

IDENTIFYING AFFORDABILITY

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 30

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 31

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 32

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 33

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 34

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 35

H

H

H

H

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 36

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 37

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 38

Objectives

bull To facilitate the incorporation of affordable housing in residential and mixed-use developments

bull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing in locations with easy accessto shops transport and government

and community servicesbull To ensure appropriate car parking provision for household requirementsbull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing through management and

ownership considerations

Diversity of affordable

housing

The affordable housingdevelopment provides

bull one two andor three-bedroom dwelling typesandor

bull apartments

Car parking

Car parking provision isappropriate for site location andhousehold requirements and isprovided on the site

Location of affordable

housing

Affordable housing is locatedclose to or has easy access toshops employment transportand government and communityservices

PROVISION AND LOCATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 39

Objectives

Integrating affordable housing

Affordable housing is integrated into new residential and mixed-usedevelopments where it is not a stand-alone development on its own site

Suggested responses

INTEGRATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 40Transforming Shelters-A journey of affordable Luxury

40

Objectives

bull To ensure site planning and related design responses facilitate good housingoutcomes

PrivacyDwellings are designed toacknowledge the differentrequirements for privacy andcontrol in the transition1) from public spaces2) through the privately controlledbut publicly visibleor semi-private shared space tothe dwelling entry and3) onto its private open space

Addressing public space

A dwelling adjacent to a streetor park addresses themfunctionally and visually (Onlarge sites communal openspaces are the equivalent of apublic park)

Privacy within the development

Development does notsignificantly reduce privacy anddaylight to private open spaces

Legibility of accessAccess to and sense of entry to adwelling fronting a street or aninternal path network is clearand unambiguous

SITE PLANNING OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 41

41

External circulationExternal pathways serving anindividual dwelling or multiples ofdwellings within a developmentare designed to suit the needs andvolume of intended occupantsand users

Carparking and streetpresentation

The street frontage of thedevelopment is not dominatedby car parking areas orstructures rubbish binenclosures and utility structures

Planting

Landscaping forms an integralcomponent of the designof the development

Territoriality

bull To aid the control of externalspaces by immediatelyadjacent households theterritorial boundaries of thesespaces are clearly delineated

bull Access by the general publicthrough the site is preventedand if this is unachievable thepath should be treated like apublic realm area

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 42

Objectives

bull To facilitate the provision of comfortable pleasant safe efficient and cost-effective accommodation for the intended occupants of affordable housing

bull To facilitate the incorporation of adaptable housing design principles inaffordable housing

All dwelling types are providedwith an appropriately located andfunctional arearsquos like

External entry areas

Internal entry areas

Livingdining areas

Kitchens

Bathrooms

Hallways

Bedrooms

Storage Area

Clothes Drying

Stairs and lifts( as per

NBC)

Open space

Security Adaptable housing

DESIGN OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 43

Every room intended for human habitation shall abut on aninterior or exterior open space or an open VERANDAH open tosuch interior or exterior open space

SKETCH FOR EXAMPLECONTRARY IMAGE FOUND IN SURVEY

For streets less than 75 m in width the distance of the building (building line) shall beat least 5 m from the centre line of the street

FRONT OPEN SPACES

OPEN SPACES WITHIN A PLOT

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 44

44

Residential and Commercial Zones

In any layout or sub-division of land measuring 03 hectare of

more in residential and commercial zones the community open

spaces shall be reserved for recreational purposes which shall as

far as possible be provided in one place or planned out for the

use of the community in clusters or pockets

The community open spaces shall be provided catering to the

needs of area of layout population for which the layout is

planned and the category of dwelling units The following

minimum provision shall be made

a) 15 percent of the area of the layout or

b) 03 to 04rsquo ha1 000 persons for low income housing the open

spaces shall be 03 ha1 000 persons

No recreational space shall generally be less than 450 sqm

the building line shall beat least 3 m away from the boundary of

recreational open space

Community open spaces and amenities

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 45

Width of Means of Access

The residential plots shall abut

on a public means of access

like street-oad Plots which do

not abut on a streethoad shall

abuthont on a means of access

the width and other

requirements of which shall be

as given in Table 1

In no case development on plots shall be permitted unless it is accessible by a public street of width not less than 6 m

MEANS OF ACCESS

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 46

In the case of special housing schemes for low income group

and economically weaker section of society developed up to two

storied row cluster housing scheme the pedestrian pathway

width shall be 3 m subject to provisions of 94l(a) The

pedestrian pathway shall not serve more than 8 plots on each

side of the pathway the length of the pathway shall be not more

than 50 m

No mention of plot sizehelliplarge plots sub-divided and the norm fails

Distance from Electric LinesNo VERANDAH balcony or the like shall be allowed to beerected or re-erected or any additions or alterations made to abuilding within the distances quoted below in accordance withthe current Indian Electricity Rules as amended from time-to-time between the building and any overhead electric supplyline

MEANS OF ACCESS-Cntd

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 47

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 48

Plot SizeThe minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75 percent shall not be less than 40 sqm in small and medium town and not less than 30 sqm in metropolitan cities Plot sizes below 30 sqm but not less than 15 sqm may be permitted in case of cluster planning however in such cases the ground coverage and FSI shall be 100 percent and 2 percent respectively

NOTES1 In exceptional cases in metropolitan cities with population more than 1 million the size of plots may be brought down to 25 sqm in cases of low income housing colonies located in congested areas as decided by the Authority In mega-cities it may be further reduced to 15 m2 In such cases where plot size is below 25 sqm only cluster planning or group housing may be adopted

2 A minimum of 25 percent of the plot size shall be left open without adversely affecting light and ventilation for habitable spaces and toilet It shall not be made mandatory to leave set back on any side

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 49

Vehicular AccessA right of way of at least 6 m width should be provided up to theentrance to the cluster to facilitate emergency vehicle movement up tocluster

DensityCluster planning methodologies result in higher densities with low risestructures With per dwelling unit covered area of 15 sqm densities of500 dwelling units per hectare (net) shall be permissible Densitieshigher than this should not allowed

Group ToiletCluster housing for economically weaker section families can havegroup toilets at the rate of one water closet one bath and a washingplace for three families

Size of RoomHabitable RoomEvery dwelling unit to be provided should have at least two habitable rooms Even if one room house is provided initially it should be capable of adding a new second room in future However in case single room tenements are required to be provided where future additions are not possible the carpet area of multipurpose single room should be at least 125 m2Such one room dwelling units with 125 m2 carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case of on site rehabilitation of slum dwellers In a house of two rooms first room shall not be less than 90 m2 with minimum width of 25 m and second room shall not be less than 65 m2 with minimum width of 21 m provided the total area of both the rooms is not less than 155 m2 In incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room

SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF CLUSTER PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 51

Life style

Affordability

Social Classification

Life style

SALARY CLASS

BUSINESS CLASS

BOTH WORKING

JOINT FAMILY

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52

Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi

Zone ndashF

a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)

LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53

The component method of design provides a broad frame work for

achieving the described life style objectives

HOUSING COMPONENT

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59

the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60

Desired outcomes Suggested responses

One two and three-bedroom

dwellings

One two and three-bedroom affordable

housing

dwelling types provide rooms of

sufficient dimensions to support the

safe comfortable and convenient use of

and movement around furniture

facilities and fittings needed by

householders

Studio apartments

Studio apartment rooms provide

adequate space for the function of

individual units including

bull sleeping living dining and kitchen

areas and

bull adequate bathroom laundry and

clothes dryingfacilities

Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table

Studio apartments generally conform to a

minimum

gross floor area of 30m2

The room sizes generally conform to the

following table

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61

Afordability Survey and Analysis

Category

Sample

Income group

Current status

Current Facilities Wishlist

Affordable EMI Analysis

Low

Inco

me

Gro

up

case

-1

A small 2BHK unit

of approx

35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs

lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)

4000

Rentedcommon washrooms

separate washroom

1500 PM no privacy Privacy

Mid

dle

Cla

ss

case

-1

10000-35000

Single 2BHK Family 2bhk

A Good 23BHK unit of approx

100 sqyard in range of

18-25 lacs

Rented Good location 7000

11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry

Bigger balcony

More natural light

Bigger Bedrooms

Good storage Space

case

-2

10000-35000

Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms

RentedBigger living area

7000 PM Good height 10000

Minimum shafts

small kitchenlaundry

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62

EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT

AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1

Category - EWS

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR

CASE -2

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35

CASE -3

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE

5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25

35

40

25

30

1060

30

1060

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63

63

AREA -DAYANAND COLONY

CASE -1

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

1010

30

50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65

GENERAL PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68

NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69

SPACE RELATIONSHIP

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71

Approach for investigating

affordable housing

Knowledge about future

house

Knowledge about present

house

Knowledge about Family

Payment Method

Preferred Area

PreferredLocation

Affordability

TypologicalPreferences

SpacePreferences

Location winNeighborhood

AdvantagesDis

Home TypeOwnershipStatus

Location

NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces

Degree ofSatisfaction

Income level

No of Family Members

EducationalLevel

(husbandwife)

Work Sector

No of Cars

Domestic Labor

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

72

AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

10

10

30

50

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

73

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

74

Conclusion

While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are

increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as

televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While

we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an

auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living

in a slum-like dwelling

It is understandable that economic

growth leads to rise in income but this

has led to even faster rise in property

prices leaving it unaffordable for majority

of population Affordable housing is

expected to have a positive by improving

basic quality of life Problems like traffic

congestion air quality commute times

etc can be resolved by providing proper

housing facilities to the weaker sections

of the society While the concept of

affordable housing seems to be a simple

solution to current housing woes its

execution remains complicated due to the

unclear policy framework To make

affordable housing work in India it would

require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by

slightly adjusting their interests towards a

wider social cause

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

75

Land use planning and

development

The project of the poor

Development standards

Land supply

Land value

Land affordability

Subdivision

Land market

Allocation

Demand

Intervention rationale

Neo liberalism

Site and Service

Subdivision

Land policy

Efficiency and equity

Land management

Direct intervention world

bank

Learning by doing

Site and service

subdivision

Poverty alleviation

Suitability and

acceptability

Affordability standards

subdivision

Intervention usually takes three broad categories

bull planning regulations

bull direct government investments and

bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation

Land management improvements

Example Land Readjustment

direct public investment

Example land banking

Example Site-and-Service

OBJECTIVES

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at

1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on

rental or ownership basis

2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter

options especially to the vulnerable groups

and the poor

3 Ensuring that housing along with the

supporting services is treated as a priority and

at par with infrastructure sector

4 Removing barriers related to legal financial

and administrative for facilitating access to

land finance and technology

5 Forging strong partnership between private

public and cooperative sectors to enhance the

capacity of the construction industry to

participate in every sphere of housing and

habitat

6 Using technology for modernizing the

housing sector to increase efficiency

productivity energy efficiency and quality

7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions

and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for

adding to the housing stock

THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including

formulation of effective

foreclosure laws

bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of

resources to the

housing and infrastructure sector

bull Develop a debt market for housing and

infrastructure fully integrated

with the financial markets in the country

bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the

requirement of low cost funds

for the housing needs of the poor

bull Promote research and development and transfer of

technology for

construction of houses

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available

resources to promote development and growth in a

sustained manner

bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing

infrastructure innovative and energy saving

construction materials and methods and also set up

a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the

concessions are correctly targeted and utilized

bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological

standards to protect the environment and provide a

better quality of life in human settlements

bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage

market

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD

1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a

boost to housing and supporting infrastructure

2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in

undertaking housing construction for all segments in

urban and rural areas

3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to

land

4 Facilitate training of construction workers by

converging other development programs through

building centers and other agencies

5 Promote decentralized production and availability of

building material

6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their

responsibilities in regulatory and development

functions

THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare

District Housing Action Plans for rural areas

2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and

augment supply of land for housing particularly

for the vulnerable group

3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural

infrastructure services

4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for

planned development

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE

COMPANIES WOULD

1 Redefine their role and move away from their

traditional approach to housing finance

2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the

needs of people

3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to

those who are in dire need of housing finance

support

4 Mobilize resources from provident funds

insurance funds mutual funds etc For house

building activities

5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize

domestic savings

HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS

DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND

OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role

for facilitating land assembly and development of

infrastructure

2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and

cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient

manner

3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement

THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND

CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD

1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of

houses and development of amenities

2 Forge partnership with state governments and local

authorities for construction of houses

3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out

schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization

basis

RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

ORGANIZATIONS WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw

materials

2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace

them with renewable resources

3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by

various public and private construction agencies

4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and

construction methods

5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the

housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste

based energy

6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new

constructions as well as strengthening of existing

houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and

human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes

cyclones and floods

7 Disseminate (spread) information about new

technologies and provide training to construction

workers in the use of new technologies

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

84

Role of PPP in Affordable Housing

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

85

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

86

JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance

No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million

No of Houses under Progress 0265 million

Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores

(BSUP+IHSDP)

997

achieved

Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of

Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline

Target of 27 cities

27 cities

achieved

Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of

developed land for EWSLIG Timeline

Target of 16 cities

16 cities

achieved

The JNNURM Initiative

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

87

i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP

ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath

iii Vector-free housing layout

iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces

v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and

vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness

Inclusive Planning amp Architecture

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

88

Recommendations

bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100

ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households

ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs

ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment

ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure

ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by

ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and

conversion of agricultural lands for urban use

ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for

making a proper assessment of land

requirements and allocation of such lands for

different uses

ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

89

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

90

Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

91

Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels

Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

92

SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66

References

Inferences

Books

Internet

Case Studies

Library references

bullNational Building Codes

bullGreen Households Domestic consumers

environment and sustainability

bullSustainable design practice

bullModern architecture

bullGaia House Design

bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy

Charles chorea and Raj

Reval

bullIntach library

Net references

bullWikipediacom

bullGooglecoin

bullDDA website

bullWHO living

standards

Case studies

bullResidences in old

Delhi

bullOther

contemporary

houses in

surrounding

houses

References

Page 28: Dessertation ii sem [autosaved]

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 28

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 29

NCR revealed a number of interesting facts during the household survey carriedout in order to ascertain the affordability of the various income groups at citylevel Table 6 depicts in detail the maximum affordable EMI of households invarious income levels This EMI has been estimated from the annual income ofhousehold and its spending and saving behaviour The maximum EMI has beentranslated into affordable house property value based on an assumed interestrate loan tenure and loan to value ratio The table also shows the capital valuesthat the households will have to pay keeping in view the preferred house size andthe affordable house property value An interesting point that was inferred fromthe survey results was that the income groups of Rs3-5 Lakh and Rs5-6 Lakhpreferred similar sized units for their housing needs Both the income categoriesexpressed the area of their residential units in the range of 700-800 sqftHowever while this allows the lower income group to purchase a property withan average price of Rs2300sqft the same enabled the higher income group ofRs5-6 lakh to opt for properties in the range of Rs2900-3650sqft MeanwhileNCR spanning a larger area with vast land parcels available for residentialdevelopment provides varied location options for the residents of the city tofulfill their housing needs The category of households with income of Rs6 lakhand above can afford residential units in select pockets of the newly developedzones in Gurgaon Noida as well as along NH-2 and NH-24 Though these locationssuit the budget preference of households they are located about 30 kms from theCBD area of Delhi ie Connaught Place For example residential locations inGurgaon and Noida are atleast 30 kms from the CBD Residential locations on NH24 Ghaziabad and NH 2 Faridabad are about 35 kms and 27 kms respectivelyfrom the CBD Meanwhile if households especially those in the income categoryof Rs3-5 Lakh are willing to compromise on unit

IDENTIFYING AFFORDABILITY

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 30

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 31

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 32

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 33

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 34

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 35

H

H

H

H

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 36

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 37

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 38

Objectives

bull To facilitate the incorporation of affordable housing in residential and mixed-use developments

bull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing in locations with easy accessto shops transport and government

and community servicesbull To ensure appropriate car parking provision for household requirementsbull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing through management and

ownership considerations

Diversity of affordable

housing

The affordable housingdevelopment provides

bull one two andor three-bedroom dwelling typesandor

bull apartments

Car parking

Car parking provision isappropriate for site location andhousehold requirements and isprovided on the site

Location of affordable

housing

Affordable housing is locatedclose to or has easy access toshops employment transportand government and communityservices

PROVISION AND LOCATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 39

Objectives

Integrating affordable housing

Affordable housing is integrated into new residential and mixed-usedevelopments where it is not a stand-alone development on its own site

Suggested responses

INTEGRATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 40Transforming Shelters-A journey of affordable Luxury

40

Objectives

bull To ensure site planning and related design responses facilitate good housingoutcomes

PrivacyDwellings are designed toacknowledge the differentrequirements for privacy andcontrol in the transition1) from public spaces2) through the privately controlledbut publicly visibleor semi-private shared space tothe dwelling entry and3) onto its private open space

Addressing public space

A dwelling adjacent to a streetor park addresses themfunctionally and visually (Onlarge sites communal openspaces are the equivalent of apublic park)

Privacy within the development

Development does notsignificantly reduce privacy anddaylight to private open spaces

Legibility of accessAccess to and sense of entry to adwelling fronting a street or aninternal path network is clearand unambiguous

SITE PLANNING OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 41

41

External circulationExternal pathways serving anindividual dwelling or multiples ofdwellings within a developmentare designed to suit the needs andvolume of intended occupantsand users

Carparking and streetpresentation

The street frontage of thedevelopment is not dominatedby car parking areas orstructures rubbish binenclosures and utility structures

Planting

Landscaping forms an integralcomponent of the designof the development

Territoriality

bull To aid the control of externalspaces by immediatelyadjacent households theterritorial boundaries of thesespaces are clearly delineated

bull Access by the general publicthrough the site is preventedand if this is unachievable thepath should be treated like apublic realm area

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 42

Objectives

bull To facilitate the provision of comfortable pleasant safe efficient and cost-effective accommodation for the intended occupants of affordable housing

bull To facilitate the incorporation of adaptable housing design principles inaffordable housing

All dwelling types are providedwith an appropriately located andfunctional arearsquos like

External entry areas

Internal entry areas

Livingdining areas

Kitchens

Bathrooms

Hallways

Bedrooms

Storage Area

Clothes Drying

Stairs and lifts( as per

NBC)

Open space

Security Adaptable housing

DESIGN OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 43

Every room intended for human habitation shall abut on aninterior or exterior open space or an open VERANDAH open tosuch interior or exterior open space

SKETCH FOR EXAMPLECONTRARY IMAGE FOUND IN SURVEY

For streets less than 75 m in width the distance of the building (building line) shall beat least 5 m from the centre line of the street

FRONT OPEN SPACES

OPEN SPACES WITHIN A PLOT

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 44

44

Residential and Commercial Zones

In any layout or sub-division of land measuring 03 hectare of

more in residential and commercial zones the community open

spaces shall be reserved for recreational purposes which shall as

far as possible be provided in one place or planned out for the

use of the community in clusters or pockets

The community open spaces shall be provided catering to the

needs of area of layout population for which the layout is

planned and the category of dwelling units The following

minimum provision shall be made

a) 15 percent of the area of the layout or

b) 03 to 04rsquo ha1 000 persons for low income housing the open

spaces shall be 03 ha1 000 persons

No recreational space shall generally be less than 450 sqm

the building line shall beat least 3 m away from the boundary of

recreational open space

Community open spaces and amenities

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 45

Width of Means of Access

The residential plots shall abut

on a public means of access

like street-oad Plots which do

not abut on a streethoad shall

abuthont on a means of access

the width and other

requirements of which shall be

as given in Table 1

In no case development on plots shall be permitted unless it is accessible by a public street of width not less than 6 m

MEANS OF ACCESS

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 46

In the case of special housing schemes for low income group

and economically weaker section of society developed up to two

storied row cluster housing scheme the pedestrian pathway

width shall be 3 m subject to provisions of 94l(a) The

pedestrian pathway shall not serve more than 8 plots on each

side of the pathway the length of the pathway shall be not more

than 50 m

No mention of plot sizehelliplarge plots sub-divided and the norm fails

Distance from Electric LinesNo VERANDAH balcony or the like shall be allowed to beerected or re-erected or any additions or alterations made to abuilding within the distances quoted below in accordance withthe current Indian Electricity Rules as amended from time-to-time between the building and any overhead electric supplyline

MEANS OF ACCESS-Cntd

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 47

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 48

Plot SizeThe minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75 percent shall not be less than 40 sqm in small and medium town and not less than 30 sqm in metropolitan cities Plot sizes below 30 sqm but not less than 15 sqm may be permitted in case of cluster planning however in such cases the ground coverage and FSI shall be 100 percent and 2 percent respectively

NOTES1 In exceptional cases in metropolitan cities with population more than 1 million the size of plots may be brought down to 25 sqm in cases of low income housing colonies located in congested areas as decided by the Authority In mega-cities it may be further reduced to 15 m2 In such cases where plot size is below 25 sqm only cluster planning or group housing may be adopted

2 A minimum of 25 percent of the plot size shall be left open without adversely affecting light and ventilation for habitable spaces and toilet It shall not be made mandatory to leave set back on any side

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 49

Vehicular AccessA right of way of at least 6 m width should be provided up to theentrance to the cluster to facilitate emergency vehicle movement up tocluster

DensityCluster planning methodologies result in higher densities with low risestructures With per dwelling unit covered area of 15 sqm densities of500 dwelling units per hectare (net) shall be permissible Densitieshigher than this should not allowed

Group ToiletCluster housing for economically weaker section families can havegroup toilets at the rate of one water closet one bath and a washingplace for three families

Size of RoomHabitable RoomEvery dwelling unit to be provided should have at least two habitable rooms Even if one room house is provided initially it should be capable of adding a new second room in future However in case single room tenements are required to be provided where future additions are not possible the carpet area of multipurpose single room should be at least 125 m2Such one room dwelling units with 125 m2 carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case of on site rehabilitation of slum dwellers In a house of two rooms first room shall not be less than 90 m2 with minimum width of 25 m and second room shall not be less than 65 m2 with minimum width of 21 m provided the total area of both the rooms is not less than 155 m2 In incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room

SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF CLUSTER PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 51

Life style

Affordability

Social Classification

Life style

SALARY CLASS

BUSINESS CLASS

BOTH WORKING

JOINT FAMILY

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52

Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi

Zone ndashF

a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)

LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53

The component method of design provides a broad frame work for

achieving the described life style objectives

HOUSING COMPONENT

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59

the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60

Desired outcomes Suggested responses

One two and three-bedroom

dwellings

One two and three-bedroom affordable

housing

dwelling types provide rooms of

sufficient dimensions to support the

safe comfortable and convenient use of

and movement around furniture

facilities and fittings needed by

householders

Studio apartments

Studio apartment rooms provide

adequate space for the function of

individual units including

bull sleeping living dining and kitchen

areas and

bull adequate bathroom laundry and

clothes dryingfacilities

Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table

Studio apartments generally conform to a

minimum

gross floor area of 30m2

The room sizes generally conform to the

following table

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61

Afordability Survey and Analysis

Category

Sample

Income group

Current status

Current Facilities Wishlist

Affordable EMI Analysis

Low

Inco

me

Gro

up

case

-1

A small 2BHK unit

of approx

35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs

lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)

4000

Rentedcommon washrooms

separate washroom

1500 PM no privacy Privacy

Mid

dle

Cla

ss

case

-1

10000-35000

Single 2BHK Family 2bhk

A Good 23BHK unit of approx

100 sqyard in range of

18-25 lacs

Rented Good location 7000

11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry

Bigger balcony

More natural light

Bigger Bedrooms

Good storage Space

case

-2

10000-35000

Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms

RentedBigger living area

7000 PM Good height 10000

Minimum shafts

small kitchenlaundry

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62

EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT

AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1

Category - EWS

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR

CASE -2

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35

CASE -3

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE

5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25

35

40

25

30

1060

30

1060

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63

63

AREA -DAYANAND COLONY

CASE -1

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

1010

30

50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65

GENERAL PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68

NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69

SPACE RELATIONSHIP

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71

Approach for investigating

affordable housing

Knowledge about future

house

Knowledge about present

house

Knowledge about Family

Payment Method

Preferred Area

PreferredLocation

Affordability

TypologicalPreferences

SpacePreferences

Location winNeighborhood

AdvantagesDis

Home TypeOwnershipStatus

Location

NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces

Degree ofSatisfaction

Income level

No of Family Members

EducationalLevel

(husbandwife)

Work Sector

No of Cars

Domestic Labor

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

72

AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

10

10

30

50

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

73

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

74

Conclusion

While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are

increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as

televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While

we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an

auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living

in a slum-like dwelling

It is understandable that economic

growth leads to rise in income but this

has led to even faster rise in property

prices leaving it unaffordable for majority

of population Affordable housing is

expected to have a positive by improving

basic quality of life Problems like traffic

congestion air quality commute times

etc can be resolved by providing proper

housing facilities to the weaker sections

of the society While the concept of

affordable housing seems to be a simple

solution to current housing woes its

execution remains complicated due to the

unclear policy framework To make

affordable housing work in India it would

require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by

slightly adjusting their interests towards a

wider social cause

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

75

Land use planning and

development

The project of the poor

Development standards

Land supply

Land value

Land affordability

Subdivision

Land market

Allocation

Demand

Intervention rationale

Neo liberalism

Site and Service

Subdivision

Land policy

Efficiency and equity

Land management

Direct intervention world

bank

Learning by doing

Site and service

subdivision

Poverty alleviation

Suitability and

acceptability

Affordability standards

subdivision

Intervention usually takes three broad categories

bull planning regulations

bull direct government investments and

bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation

Land management improvements

Example Land Readjustment

direct public investment

Example land banking

Example Site-and-Service

OBJECTIVES

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at

1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on

rental or ownership basis

2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter

options especially to the vulnerable groups

and the poor

3 Ensuring that housing along with the

supporting services is treated as a priority and

at par with infrastructure sector

4 Removing barriers related to legal financial

and administrative for facilitating access to

land finance and technology

5 Forging strong partnership between private

public and cooperative sectors to enhance the

capacity of the construction industry to

participate in every sphere of housing and

habitat

6 Using technology for modernizing the

housing sector to increase efficiency

productivity energy efficiency and quality

7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions

and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for

adding to the housing stock

THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including

formulation of effective

foreclosure laws

bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of

resources to the

housing and infrastructure sector

bull Develop a debt market for housing and

infrastructure fully integrated

with the financial markets in the country

bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the

requirement of low cost funds

for the housing needs of the poor

bull Promote research and development and transfer of

technology for

construction of houses

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available

resources to promote development and growth in a

sustained manner

bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing

infrastructure innovative and energy saving

construction materials and methods and also set up

a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the

concessions are correctly targeted and utilized

bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological

standards to protect the environment and provide a

better quality of life in human settlements

bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage

market

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD

1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a

boost to housing and supporting infrastructure

2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in

undertaking housing construction for all segments in

urban and rural areas

3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to

land

4 Facilitate training of construction workers by

converging other development programs through

building centers and other agencies

5 Promote decentralized production and availability of

building material

6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their

responsibilities in regulatory and development

functions

THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare

District Housing Action Plans for rural areas

2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and

augment supply of land for housing particularly

for the vulnerable group

3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural

infrastructure services

4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for

planned development

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE

COMPANIES WOULD

1 Redefine their role and move away from their

traditional approach to housing finance

2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the

needs of people

3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to

those who are in dire need of housing finance

support

4 Mobilize resources from provident funds

insurance funds mutual funds etc For house

building activities

5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize

domestic savings

HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS

DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND

OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role

for facilitating land assembly and development of

infrastructure

2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and

cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient

manner

3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement

THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND

CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD

1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of

houses and development of amenities

2 Forge partnership with state governments and local

authorities for construction of houses

3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out

schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization

basis

RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

ORGANIZATIONS WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw

materials

2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace

them with renewable resources

3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by

various public and private construction agencies

4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and

construction methods

5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the

housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste

based energy

6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new

constructions as well as strengthening of existing

houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and

human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes

cyclones and floods

7 Disseminate (spread) information about new

technologies and provide training to construction

workers in the use of new technologies

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

84

Role of PPP in Affordable Housing

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

85

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

86

JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance

No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million

No of Houses under Progress 0265 million

Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores

(BSUP+IHSDP)

997

achieved

Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of

Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline

Target of 27 cities

27 cities

achieved

Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of

developed land for EWSLIG Timeline

Target of 16 cities

16 cities

achieved

The JNNURM Initiative

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

87

i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP

ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath

iii Vector-free housing layout

iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces

v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and

vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness

Inclusive Planning amp Architecture

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

88

Recommendations

bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100

ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households

ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs

ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment

ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure

ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by

ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and

conversion of agricultural lands for urban use

ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for

making a proper assessment of land

requirements and allocation of such lands for

different uses

ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

89

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

90

Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

91

Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels

Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

92

SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66

References

Inferences

Books

Internet

Case Studies

Library references

bullNational Building Codes

bullGreen Households Domestic consumers

environment and sustainability

bullSustainable design practice

bullModern architecture

bullGaia House Design

bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy

Charles chorea and Raj

Reval

bullIntach library

Net references

bullWikipediacom

bullGooglecoin

bullDDA website

bullWHO living

standards

Case studies

bullResidences in old

Delhi

bullOther

contemporary

houses in

surrounding

houses

References

Page 29: Dessertation ii sem [autosaved]

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 29

NCR revealed a number of interesting facts during the household survey carriedout in order to ascertain the affordability of the various income groups at citylevel Table 6 depicts in detail the maximum affordable EMI of households invarious income levels This EMI has been estimated from the annual income ofhousehold and its spending and saving behaviour The maximum EMI has beentranslated into affordable house property value based on an assumed interestrate loan tenure and loan to value ratio The table also shows the capital valuesthat the households will have to pay keeping in view the preferred house size andthe affordable house property value An interesting point that was inferred fromthe survey results was that the income groups of Rs3-5 Lakh and Rs5-6 Lakhpreferred similar sized units for their housing needs Both the income categoriesexpressed the area of their residential units in the range of 700-800 sqftHowever while this allows the lower income group to purchase a property withan average price of Rs2300sqft the same enabled the higher income group ofRs5-6 lakh to opt for properties in the range of Rs2900-3650sqft MeanwhileNCR spanning a larger area with vast land parcels available for residentialdevelopment provides varied location options for the residents of the city tofulfill their housing needs The category of households with income of Rs6 lakhand above can afford residential units in select pockets of the newly developedzones in Gurgaon Noida as well as along NH-2 and NH-24 Though these locationssuit the budget preference of households they are located about 30 kms from theCBD area of Delhi ie Connaught Place For example residential locations inGurgaon and Noida are atleast 30 kms from the CBD Residential locations on NH24 Ghaziabad and NH 2 Faridabad are about 35 kms and 27 kms respectivelyfrom the CBD Meanwhile if households especially those in the income categoryof Rs3-5 Lakh are willing to compromise on unit

IDENTIFYING AFFORDABILITY

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 30

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 31

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 32

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 33

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 34

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 35

H

H

H

H

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 36

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 37

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 38

Objectives

bull To facilitate the incorporation of affordable housing in residential and mixed-use developments

bull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing in locations with easy accessto shops transport and government

and community servicesbull To ensure appropriate car parking provision for household requirementsbull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing through management and

ownership considerations

Diversity of affordable

housing

The affordable housingdevelopment provides

bull one two andor three-bedroom dwelling typesandor

bull apartments

Car parking

Car parking provision isappropriate for site location andhousehold requirements and isprovided on the site

Location of affordable

housing

Affordable housing is locatedclose to or has easy access toshops employment transportand government and communityservices

PROVISION AND LOCATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 39

Objectives

Integrating affordable housing

Affordable housing is integrated into new residential and mixed-usedevelopments where it is not a stand-alone development on its own site

Suggested responses

INTEGRATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 40Transforming Shelters-A journey of affordable Luxury

40

Objectives

bull To ensure site planning and related design responses facilitate good housingoutcomes

PrivacyDwellings are designed toacknowledge the differentrequirements for privacy andcontrol in the transition1) from public spaces2) through the privately controlledbut publicly visibleor semi-private shared space tothe dwelling entry and3) onto its private open space

Addressing public space

A dwelling adjacent to a streetor park addresses themfunctionally and visually (Onlarge sites communal openspaces are the equivalent of apublic park)

Privacy within the development

Development does notsignificantly reduce privacy anddaylight to private open spaces

Legibility of accessAccess to and sense of entry to adwelling fronting a street or aninternal path network is clearand unambiguous

SITE PLANNING OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 41

41

External circulationExternal pathways serving anindividual dwelling or multiples ofdwellings within a developmentare designed to suit the needs andvolume of intended occupantsand users

Carparking and streetpresentation

The street frontage of thedevelopment is not dominatedby car parking areas orstructures rubbish binenclosures and utility structures

Planting

Landscaping forms an integralcomponent of the designof the development

Territoriality

bull To aid the control of externalspaces by immediatelyadjacent households theterritorial boundaries of thesespaces are clearly delineated

bull Access by the general publicthrough the site is preventedand if this is unachievable thepath should be treated like apublic realm area

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 42

Objectives

bull To facilitate the provision of comfortable pleasant safe efficient and cost-effective accommodation for the intended occupants of affordable housing

bull To facilitate the incorporation of adaptable housing design principles inaffordable housing

All dwelling types are providedwith an appropriately located andfunctional arearsquos like

External entry areas

Internal entry areas

Livingdining areas

Kitchens

Bathrooms

Hallways

Bedrooms

Storage Area

Clothes Drying

Stairs and lifts( as per

NBC)

Open space

Security Adaptable housing

DESIGN OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 43

Every room intended for human habitation shall abut on aninterior or exterior open space or an open VERANDAH open tosuch interior or exterior open space

SKETCH FOR EXAMPLECONTRARY IMAGE FOUND IN SURVEY

For streets less than 75 m in width the distance of the building (building line) shall beat least 5 m from the centre line of the street

FRONT OPEN SPACES

OPEN SPACES WITHIN A PLOT

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 44

44

Residential and Commercial Zones

In any layout or sub-division of land measuring 03 hectare of

more in residential and commercial zones the community open

spaces shall be reserved for recreational purposes which shall as

far as possible be provided in one place or planned out for the

use of the community in clusters or pockets

The community open spaces shall be provided catering to the

needs of area of layout population for which the layout is

planned and the category of dwelling units The following

minimum provision shall be made

a) 15 percent of the area of the layout or

b) 03 to 04rsquo ha1 000 persons for low income housing the open

spaces shall be 03 ha1 000 persons

No recreational space shall generally be less than 450 sqm

the building line shall beat least 3 m away from the boundary of

recreational open space

Community open spaces and amenities

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 45

Width of Means of Access

The residential plots shall abut

on a public means of access

like street-oad Plots which do

not abut on a streethoad shall

abuthont on a means of access

the width and other

requirements of which shall be

as given in Table 1

In no case development on plots shall be permitted unless it is accessible by a public street of width not less than 6 m

MEANS OF ACCESS

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 46

In the case of special housing schemes for low income group

and economically weaker section of society developed up to two

storied row cluster housing scheme the pedestrian pathway

width shall be 3 m subject to provisions of 94l(a) The

pedestrian pathway shall not serve more than 8 plots on each

side of the pathway the length of the pathway shall be not more

than 50 m

No mention of plot sizehelliplarge plots sub-divided and the norm fails

Distance from Electric LinesNo VERANDAH balcony or the like shall be allowed to beerected or re-erected or any additions or alterations made to abuilding within the distances quoted below in accordance withthe current Indian Electricity Rules as amended from time-to-time between the building and any overhead electric supplyline

MEANS OF ACCESS-Cntd

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 47

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 48

Plot SizeThe minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75 percent shall not be less than 40 sqm in small and medium town and not less than 30 sqm in metropolitan cities Plot sizes below 30 sqm but not less than 15 sqm may be permitted in case of cluster planning however in such cases the ground coverage and FSI shall be 100 percent and 2 percent respectively

NOTES1 In exceptional cases in metropolitan cities with population more than 1 million the size of plots may be brought down to 25 sqm in cases of low income housing colonies located in congested areas as decided by the Authority In mega-cities it may be further reduced to 15 m2 In such cases where plot size is below 25 sqm only cluster planning or group housing may be adopted

2 A minimum of 25 percent of the plot size shall be left open without adversely affecting light and ventilation for habitable spaces and toilet It shall not be made mandatory to leave set back on any side

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 49

Vehicular AccessA right of way of at least 6 m width should be provided up to theentrance to the cluster to facilitate emergency vehicle movement up tocluster

DensityCluster planning methodologies result in higher densities with low risestructures With per dwelling unit covered area of 15 sqm densities of500 dwelling units per hectare (net) shall be permissible Densitieshigher than this should not allowed

Group ToiletCluster housing for economically weaker section families can havegroup toilets at the rate of one water closet one bath and a washingplace for three families

Size of RoomHabitable RoomEvery dwelling unit to be provided should have at least two habitable rooms Even if one room house is provided initially it should be capable of adding a new second room in future However in case single room tenements are required to be provided where future additions are not possible the carpet area of multipurpose single room should be at least 125 m2Such one room dwelling units with 125 m2 carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case of on site rehabilitation of slum dwellers In a house of two rooms first room shall not be less than 90 m2 with minimum width of 25 m and second room shall not be less than 65 m2 with minimum width of 21 m provided the total area of both the rooms is not less than 155 m2 In incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room

SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF CLUSTER PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 51

Life style

Affordability

Social Classification

Life style

SALARY CLASS

BUSINESS CLASS

BOTH WORKING

JOINT FAMILY

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52

Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi

Zone ndashF

a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)

LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53

The component method of design provides a broad frame work for

achieving the described life style objectives

HOUSING COMPONENT

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59

the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60

Desired outcomes Suggested responses

One two and three-bedroom

dwellings

One two and three-bedroom affordable

housing

dwelling types provide rooms of

sufficient dimensions to support the

safe comfortable and convenient use of

and movement around furniture

facilities and fittings needed by

householders

Studio apartments

Studio apartment rooms provide

adequate space for the function of

individual units including

bull sleeping living dining and kitchen

areas and

bull adequate bathroom laundry and

clothes dryingfacilities

Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table

Studio apartments generally conform to a

minimum

gross floor area of 30m2

The room sizes generally conform to the

following table

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61

Afordability Survey and Analysis

Category

Sample

Income group

Current status

Current Facilities Wishlist

Affordable EMI Analysis

Low

Inco

me

Gro

up

case

-1

A small 2BHK unit

of approx

35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs

lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)

4000

Rentedcommon washrooms

separate washroom

1500 PM no privacy Privacy

Mid

dle

Cla

ss

case

-1

10000-35000

Single 2BHK Family 2bhk

A Good 23BHK unit of approx

100 sqyard in range of

18-25 lacs

Rented Good location 7000

11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry

Bigger balcony

More natural light

Bigger Bedrooms

Good storage Space

case

-2

10000-35000

Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms

RentedBigger living area

7000 PM Good height 10000

Minimum shafts

small kitchenlaundry

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62

EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT

AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1

Category - EWS

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR

CASE -2

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35

CASE -3

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE

5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25

35

40

25

30

1060

30

1060

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63

63

AREA -DAYANAND COLONY

CASE -1

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

1010

30

50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65

GENERAL PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68

NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69

SPACE RELATIONSHIP

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71

Approach for investigating

affordable housing

Knowledge about future

house

Knowledge about present

house

Knowledge about Family

Payment Method

Preferred Area

PreferredLocation

Affordability

TypologicalPreferences

SpacePreferences

Location winNeighborhood

AdvantagesDis

Home TypeOwnershipStatus

Location

NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces

Degree ofSatisfaction

Income level

No of Family Members

EducationalLevel

(husbandwife)

Work Sector

No of Cars

Domestic Labor

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

72

AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

10

10

30

50

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

73

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

74

Conclusion

While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are

increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as

televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While

we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an

auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living

in a slum-like dwelling

It is understandable that economic

growth leads to rise in income but this

has led to even faster rise in property

prices leaving it unaffordable for majority

of population Affordable housing is

expected to have a positive by improving

basic quality of life Problems like traffic

congestion air quality commute times

etc can be resolved by providing proper

housing facilities to the weaker sections

of the society While the concept of

affordable housing seems to be a simple

solution to current housing woes its

execution remains complicated due to the

unclear policy framework To make

affordable housing work in India it would

require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by

slightly adjusting their interests towards a

wider social cause

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

75

Land use planning and

development

The project of the poor

Development standards

Land supply

Land value

Land affordability

Subdivision

Land market

Allocation

Demand

Intervention rationale

Neo liberalism

Site and Service

Subdivision

Land policy

Efficiency and equity

Land management

Direct intervention world

bank

Learning by doing

Site and service

subdivision

Poverty alleviation

Suitability and

acceptability

Affordability standards

subdivision

Intervention usually takes three broad categories

bull planning regulations

bull direct government investments and

bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation

Land management improvements

Example Land Readjustment

direct public investment

Example land banking

Example Site-and-Service

OBJECTIVES

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at

1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on

rental or ownership basis

2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter

options especially to the vulnerable groups

and the poor

3 Ensuring that housing along with the

supporting services is treated as a priority and

at par with infrastructure sector

4 Removing barriers related to legal financial

and administrative for facilitating access to

land finance and technology

5 Forging strong partnership between private

public and cooperative sectors to enhance the

capacity of the construction industry to

participate in every sphere of housing and

habitat

6 Using technology for modernizing the

housing sector to increase efficiency

productivity energy efficiency and quality

7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions

and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for

adding to the housing stock

THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including

formulation of effective

foreclosure laws

bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of

resources to the

housing and infrastructure sector

bull Develop a debt market for housing and

infrastructure fully integrated

with the financial markets in the country

bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the

requirement of low cost funds

for the housing needs of the poor

bull Promote research and development and transfer of

technology for

construction of houses

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available

resources to promote development and growth in a

sustained manner

bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing

infrastructure innovative and energy saving

construction materials and methods and also set up

a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the

concessions are correctly targeted and utilized

bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological

standards to protect the environment and provide a

better quality of life in human settlements

bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage

market

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD

1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a

boost to housing and supporting infrastructure

2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in

undertaking housing construction for all segments in

urban and rural areas

3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to

land

4 Facilitate training of construction workers by

converging other development programs through

building centers and other agencies

5 Promote decentralized production and availability of

building material

6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their

responsibilities in regulatory and development

functions

THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare

District Housing Action Plans for rural areas

2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and

augment supply of land for housing particularly

for the vulnerable group

3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural

infrastructure services

4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for

planned development

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE

COMPANIES WOULD

1 Redefine their role and move away from their

traditional approach to housing finance

2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the

needs of people

3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to

those who are in dire need of housing finance

support

4 Mobilize resources from provident funds

insurance funds mutual funds etc For house

building activities

5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize

domestic savings

HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS

DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND

OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role

for facilitating land assembly and development of

infrastructure

2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and

cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient

manner

3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement

THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND

CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD

1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of

houses and development of amenities

2 Forge partnership with state governments and local

authorities for construction of houses

3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out

schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization

basis

RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

ORGANIZATIONS WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw

materials

2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace

them with renewable resources

3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by

various public and private construction agencies

4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and

construction methods

5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the

housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste

based energy

6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new

constructions as well as strengthening of existing

houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and

human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes

cyclones and floods

7 Disseminate (spread) information about new

technologies and provide training to construction

workers in the use of new technologies

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

84

Role of PPP in Affordable Housing

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

85

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

86

JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance

No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million

No of Houses under Progress 0265 million

Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores

(BSUP+IHSDP)

997

achieved

Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of

Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline

Target of 27 cities

27 cities

achieved

Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of

developed land for EWSLIG Timeline

Target of 16 cities

16 cities

achieved

The JNNURM Initiative

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

87

i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP

ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath

iii Vector-free housing layout

iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces

v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and

vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness

Inclusive Planning amp Architecture

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

88

Recommendations

bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100

ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households

ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs

ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment

ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure

ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by

ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and

conversion of agricultural lands for urban use

ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for

making a proper assessment of land

requirements and allocation of such lands for

different uses

ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

89

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

90

Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

91

Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels

Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

92

SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66

References

Inferences

Books

Internet

Case Studies

Library references

bullNational Building Codes

bullGreen Households Domestic consumers

environment and sustainability

bullSustainable design practice

bullModern architecture

bullGaia House Design

bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy

Charles chorea and Raj

Reval

bullIntach library

Net references

bullWikipediacom

bullGooglecoin

bullDDA website

bullWHO living

standards

Case studies

bullResidences in old

Delhi

bullOther

contemporary

houses in

surrounding

houses

References

Page 30: Dessertation ii sem [autosaved]

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 30

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 31

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 32

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 33

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 34

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 35

H

H

H

H

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 36

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 37

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 38

Objectives

bull To facilitate the incorporation of affordable housing in residential and mixed-use developments

bull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing in locations with easy accessto shops transport and government

and community servicesbull To ensure appropriate car parking provision for household requirementsbull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing through management and

ownership considerations

Diversity of affordable

housing

The affordable housingdevelopment provides

bull one two andor three-bedroom dwelling typesandor

bull apartments

Car parking

Car parking provision isappropriate for site location andhousehold requirements and isprovided on the site

Location of affordable

housing

Affordable housing is locatedclose to or has easy access toshops employment transportand government and communityservices

PROVISION AND LOCATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 39

Objectives

Integrating affordable housing

Affordable housing is integrated into new residential and mixed-usedevelopments where it is not a stand-alone development on its own site

Suggested responses

INTEGRATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 40Transforming Shelters-A journey of affordable Luxury

40

Objectives

bull To ensure site planning and related design responses facilitate good housingoutcomes

PrivacyDwellings are designed toacknowledge the differentrequirements for privacy andcontrol in the transition1) from public spaces2) through the privately controlledbut publicly visibleor semi-private shared space tothe dwelling entry and3) onto its private open space

Addressing public space

A dwelling adjacent to a streetor park addresses themfunctionally and visually (Onlarge sites communal openspaces are the equivalent of apublic park)

Privacy within the development

Development does notsignificantly reduce privacy anddaylight to private open spaces

Legibility of accessAccess to and sense of entry to adwelling fronting a street or aninternal path network is clearand unambiguous

SITE PLANNING OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 41

41

External circulationExternal pathways serving anindividual dwelling or multiples ofdwellings within a developmentare designed to suit the needs andvolume of intended occupantsand users

Carparking and streetpresentation

The street frontage of thedevelopment is not dominatedby car parking areas orstructures rubbish binenclosures and utility structures

Planting

Landscaping forms an integralcomponent of the designof the development

Territoriality

bull To aid the control of externalspaces by immediatelyadjacent households theterritorial boundaries of thesespaces are clearly delineated

bull Access by the general publicthrough the site is preventedand if this is unachievable thepath should be treated like apublic realm area

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 42

Objectives

bull To facilitate the provision of comfortable pleasant safe efficient and cost-effective accommodation for the intended occupants of affordable housing

bull To facilitate the incorporation of adaptable housing design principles inaffordable housing

All dwelling types are providedwith an appropriately located andfunctional arearsquos like

External entry areas

Internal entry areas

Livingdining areas

Kitchens

Bathrooms

Hallways

Bedrooms

Storage Area

Clothes Drying

Stairs and lifts( as per

NBC)

Open space

Security Adaptable housing

DESIGN OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 43

Every room intended for human habitation shall abut on aninterior or exterior open space or an open VERANDAH open tosuch interior or exterior open space

SKETCH FOR EXAMPLECONTRARY IMAGE FOUND IN SURVEY

For streets less than 75 m in width the distance of the building (building line) shall beat least 5 m from the centre line of the street

FRONT OPEN SPACES

OPEN SPACES WITHIN A PLOT

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 44

44

Residential and Commercial Zones

In any layout or sub-division of land measuring 03 hectare of

more in residential and commercial zones the community open

spaces shall be reserved for recreational purposes which shall as

far as possible be provided in one place or planned out for the

use of the community in clusters or pockets

The community open spaces shall be provided catering to the

needs of area of layout population for which the layout is

planned and the category of dwelling units The following

minimum provision shall be made

a) 15 percent of the area of the layout or

b) 03 to 04rsquo ha1 000 persons for low income housing the open

spaces shall be 03 ha1 000 persons

No recreational space shall generally be less than 450 sqm

the building line shall beat least 3 m away from the boundary of

recreational open space

Community open spaces and amenities

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 45

Width of Means of Access

The residential plots shall abut

on a public means of access

like street-oad Plots which do

not abut on a streethoad shall

abuthont on a means of access

the width and other

requirements of which shall be

as given in Table 1

In no case development on plots shall be permitted unless it is accessible by a public street of width not less than 6 m

MEANS OF ACCESS

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 46

In the case of special housing schemes for low income group

and economically weaker section of society developed up to two

storied row cluster housing scheme the pedestrian pathway

width shall be 3 m subject to provisions of 94l(a) The

pedestrian pathway shall not serve more than 8 plots on each

side of the pathway the length of the pathway shall be not more

than 50 m

No mention of plot sizehelliplarge plots sub-divided and the norm fails

Distance from Electric LinesNo VERANDAH balcony or the like shall be allowed to beerected or re-erected or any additions or alterations made to abuilding within the distances quoted below in accordance withthe current Indian Electricity Rules as amended from time-to-time between the building and any overhead electric supplyline

MEANS OF ACCESS-Cntd

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 47

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 48

Plot SizeThe minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75 percent shall not be less than 40 sqm in small and medium town and not less than 30 sqm in metropolitan cities Plot sizes below 30 sqm but not less than 15 sqm may be permitted in case of cluster planning however in such cases the ground coverage and FSI shall be 100 percent and 2 percent respectively

NOTES1 In exceptional cases in metropolitan cities with population more than 1 million the size of plots may be brought down to 25 sqm in cases of low income housing colonies located in congested areas as decided by the Authority In mega-cities it may be further reduced to 15 m2 In such cases where plot size is below 25 sqm only cluster planning or group housing may be adopted

2 A minimum of 25 percent of the plot size shall be left open without adversely affecting light and ventilation for habitable spaces and toilet It shall not be made mandatory to leave set back on any side

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 49

Vehicular AccessA right of way of at least 6 m width should be provided up to theentrance to the cluster to facilitate emergency vehicle movement up tocluster

DensityCluster planning methodologies result in higher densities with low risestructures With per dwelling unit covered area of 15 sqm densities of500 dwelling units per hectare (net) shall be permissible Densitieshigher than this should not allowed

Group ToiletCluster housing for economically weaker section families can havegroup toilets at the rate of one water closet one bath and a washingplace for three families

Size of RoomHabitable RoomEvery dwelling unit to be provided should have at least two habitable rooms Even if one room house is provided initially it should be capable of adding a new second room in future However in case single room tenements are required to be provided where future additions are not possible the carpet area of multipurpose single room should be at least 125 m2Such one room dwelling units with 125 m2 carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case of on site rehabilitation of slum dwellers In a house of two rooms first room shall not be less than 90 m2 with minimum width of 25 m and second room shall not be less than 65 m2 with minimum width of 21 m provided the total area of both the rooms is not less than 155 m2 In incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room

SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF CLUSTER PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 51

Life style

Affordability

Social Classification

Life style

SALARY CLASS

BUSINESS CLASS

BOTH WORKING

JOINT FAMILY

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52

Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi

Zone ndashF

a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)

LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53

The component method of design provides a broad frame work for

achieving the described life style objectives

HOUSING COMPONENT

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54

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Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59

the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60

Desired outcomes Suggested responses

One two and three-bedroom

dwellings

One two and three-bedroom affordable

housing

dwelling types provide rooms of

sufficient dimensions to support the

safe comfortable and convenient use of

and movement around furniture

facilities and fittings needed by

householders

Studio apartments

Studio apartment rooms provide

adequate space for the function of

individual units including

bull sleeping living dining and kitchen

areas and

bull adequate bathroom laundry and

clothes dryingfacilities

Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table

Studio apartments generally conform to a

minimum

gross floor area of 30m2

The room sizes generally conform to the

following table

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61

Afordability Survey and Analysis

Category

Sample

Income group

Current status

Current Facilities Wishlist

Affordable EMI Analysis

Low

Inco

me

Gro

up

case

-1

A small 2BHK unit

of approx

35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs

lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)

4000

Rentedcommon washrooms

separate washroom

1500 PM no privacy Privacy

Mid

dle

Cla

ss

case

-1

10000-35000

Single 2BHK Family 2bhk

A Good 23BHK unit of approx

100 sqyard in range of

18-25 lacs

Rented Good location 7000

11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry

Bigger balcony

More natural light

Bigger Bedrooms

Good storage Space

case

-2

10000-35000

Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms

RentedBigger living area

7000 PM Good height 10000

Minimum shafts

small kitchenlaundry

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62

EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT

AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1

Category - EWS

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR

CASE -2

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35

CASE -3

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE

5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25

35

40

25

30

1060

30

1060

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63

63

AREA -DAYANAND COLONY

CASE -1

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

1010

30

50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65

GENERAL PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68

NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69

SPACE RELATIONSHIP

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71

Approach for investigating

affordable housing

Knowledge about future

house

Knowledge about present

house

Knowledge about Family

Payment Method

Preferred Area

PreferredLocation

Affordability

TypologicalPreferences

SpacePreferences

Location winNeighborhood

AdvantagesDis

Home TypeOwnershipStatus

Location

NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces

Degree ofSatisfaction

Income level

No of Family Members

EducationalLevel

(husbandwife)

Work Sector

No of Cars

Domestic Labor

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

72

AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

10

10

30

50

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

73

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

74

Conclusion

While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are

increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as

televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While

we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an

auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living

in a slum-like dwelling

It is understandable that economic

growth leads to rise in income but this

has led to even faster rise in property

prices leaving it unaffordable for majority

of population Affordable housing is

expected to have a positive by improving

basic quality of life Problems like traffic

congestion air quality commute times

etc can be resolved by providing proper

housing facilities to the weaker sections

of the society While the concept of

affordable housing seems to be a simple

solution to current housing woes its

execution remains complicated due to the

unclear policy framework To make

affordable housing work in India it would

require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by

slightly adjusting their interests towards a

wider social cause

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

75

Land use planning and

development

The project of the poor

Development standards

Land supply

Land value

Land affordability

Subdivision

Land market

Allocation

Demand

Intervention rationale

Neo liberalism

Site and Service

Subdivision

Land policy

Efficiency and equity

Land management

Direct intervention world

bank

Learning by doing

Site and service

subdivision

Poverty alleviation

Suitability and

acceptability

Affordability standards

subdivision

Intervention usually takes three broad categories

bull planning regulations

bull direct government investments and

bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation

Land management improvements

Example Land Readjustment

direct public investment

Example land banking

Example Site-and-Service

OBJECTIVES

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at

1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on

rental or ownership basis

2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter

options especially to the vulnerable groups

and the poor

3 Ensuring that housing along with the

supporting services is treated as a priority and

at par with infrastructure sector

4 Removing barriers related to legal financial

and administrative for facilitating access to

land finance and technology

5 Forging strong partnership between private

public and cooperative sectors to enhance the

capacity of the construction industry to

participate in every sphere of housing and

habitat

6 Using technology for modernizing the

housing sector to increase efficiency

productivity energy efficiency and quality

7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions

and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for

adding to the housing stock

THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including

formulation of effective

foreclosure laws

bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of

resources to the

housing and infrastructure sector

bull Develop a debt market for housing and

infrastructure fully integrated

with the financial markets in the country

bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the

requirement of low cost funds

for the housing needs of the poor

bull Promote research and development and transfer of

technology for

construction of houses

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available

resources to promote development and growth in a

sustained manner

bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing

infrastructure innovative and energy saving

construction materials and methods and also set up

a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the

concessions are correctly targeted and utilized

bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological

standards to protect the environment and provide a

better quality of life in human settlements

bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage

market

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD

1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a

boost to housing and supporting infrastructure

2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in

undertaking housing construction for all segments in

urban and rural areas

3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to

land

4 Facilitate training of construction workers by

converging other development programs through

building centers and other agencies

5 Promote decentralized production and availability of

building material

6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their

responsibilities in regulatory and development

functions

THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare

District Housing Action Plans for rural areas

2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and

augment supply of land for housing particularly

for the vulnerable group

3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural

infrastructure services

4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for

planned development

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE

COMPANIES WOULD

1 Redefine their role and move away from their

traditional approach to housing finance

2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the

needs of people

3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to

those who are in dire need of housing finance

support

4 Mobilize resources from provident funds

insurance funds mutual funds etc For house

building activities

5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize

domestic savings

HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS

DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND

OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role

for facilitating land assembly and development of

infrastructure

2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and

cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient

manner

3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement

THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND

CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD

1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of

houses and development of amenities

2 Forge partnership with state governments and local

authorities for construction of houses

3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out

schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization

basis

RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

ORGANIZATIONS WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw

materials

2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace

them with renewable resources

3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by

various public and private construction agencies

4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and

construction methods

5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the

housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste

based energy

6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new

constructions as well as strengthening of existing

houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and

human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes

cyclones and floods

7 Disseminate (spread) information about new

technologies and provide training to construction

workers in the use of new technologies

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

84

Role of PPP in Affordable Housing

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

85

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

86

JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance

No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million

No of Houses under Progress 0265 million

Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores

(BSUP+IHSDP)

997

achieved

Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of

Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline

Target of 27 cities

27 cities

achieved

Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of

developed land for EWSLIG Timeline

Target of 16 cities

16 cities

achieved

The JNNURM Initiative

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

87

i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP

ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath

iii Vector-free housing layout

iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces

v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and

vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness

Inclusive Planning amp Architecture

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

88

Recommendations

bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100

ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households

ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs

ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment

ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure

ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by

ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and

conversion of agricultural lands for urban use

ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for

making a proper assessment of land

requirements and allocation of such lands for

different uses

ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

89

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

90

Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

91

Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels

Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

92

SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66

References

Inferences

Books

Internet

Case Studies

Library references

bullNational Building Codes

bullGreen Households Domestic consumers

environment and sustainability

bullSustainable design practice

bullModern architecture

bullGaia House Design

bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy

Charles chorea and Raj

Reval

bullIntach library

Net references

bullWikipediacom

bullGooglecoin

bullDDA website

bullWHO living

standards

Case studies

bullResidences in old

Delhi

bullOther

contemporary

houses in

surrounding

houses

References

Page 31: Dessertation ii sem [autosaved]

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 31

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 32

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 33

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 34

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 35

H

H

H

H

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 36

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 37

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 38

Objectives

bull To facilitate the incorporation of affordable housing in residential and mixed-use developments

bull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing in locations with easy accessto shops transport and government

and community servicesbull To ensure appropriate car parking provision for household requirementsbull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing through management and

ownership considerations

Diversity of affordable

housing

The affordable housingdevelopment provides

bull one two andor three-bedroom dwelling typesandor

bull apartments

Car parking

Car parking provision isappropriate for site location andhousehold requirements and isprovided on the site

Location of affordable

housing

Affordable housing is locatedclose to or has easy access toshops employment transportand government and communityservices

PROVISION AND LOCATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 39

Objectives

Integrating affordable housing

Affordable housing is integrated into new residential and mixed-usedevelopments where it is not a stand-alone development on its own site

Suggested responses

INTEGRATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 40Transforming Shelters-A journey of affordable Luxury

40

Objectives

bull To ensure site planning and related design responses facilitate good housingoutcomes

PrivacyDwellings are designed toacknowledge the differentrequirements for privacy andcontrol in the transition1) from public spaces2) through the privately controlledbut publicly visibleor semi-private shared space tothe dwelling entry and3) onto its private open space

Addressing public space

A dwelling adjacent to a streetor park addresses themfunctionally and visually (Onlarge sites communal openspaces are the equivalent of apublic park)

Privacy within the development

Development does notsignificantly reduce privacy anddaylight to private open spaces

Legibility of accessAccess to and sense of entry to adwelling fronting a street or aninternal path network is clearand unambiguous

SITE PLANNING OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 41

41

External circulationExternal pathways serving anindividual dwelling or multiples ofdwellings within a developmentare designed to suit the needs andvolume of intended occupantsand users

Carparking and streetpresentation

The street frontage of thedevelopment is not dominatedby car parking areas orstructures rubbish binenclosures and utility structures

Planting

Landscaping forms an integralcomponent of the designof the development

Territoriality

bull To aid the control of externalspaces by immediatelyadjacent households theterritorial boundaries of thesespaces are clearly delineated

bull Access by the general publicthrough the site is preventedand if this is unachievable thepath should be treated like apublic realm area

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 42

Objectives

bull To facilitate the provision of comfortable pleasant safe efficient and cost-effective accommodation for the intended occupants of affordable housing

bull To facilitate the incorporation of adaptable housing design principles inaffordable housing

All dwelling types are providedwith an appropriately located andfunctional arearsquos like

External entry areas

Internal entry areas

Livingdining areas

Kitchens

Bathrooms

Hallways

Bedrooms

Storage Area

Clothes Drying

Stairs and lifts( as per

NBC)

Open space

Security Adaptable housing

DESIGN OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 43

Every room intended for human habitation shall abut on aninterior or exterior open space or an open VERANDAH open tosuch interior or exterior open space

SKETCH FOR EXAMPLECONTRARY IMAGE FOUND IN SURVEY

For streets less than 75 m in width the distance of the building (building line) shall beat least 5 m from the centre line of the street

FRONT OPEN SPACES

OPEN SPACES WITHIN A PLOT

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 44

44

Residential and Commercial Zones

In any layout or sub-division of land measuring 03 hectare of

more in residential and commercial zones the community open

spaces shall be reserved for recreational purposes which shall as

far as possible be provided in one place or planned out for the

use of the community in clusters or pockets

The community open spaces shall be provided catering to the

needs of area of layout population for which the layout is

planned and the category of dwelling units The following

minimum provision shall be made

a) 15 percent of the area of the layout or

b) 03 to 04rsquo ha1 000 persons for low income housing the open

spaces shall be 03 ha1 000 persons

No recreational space shall generally be less than 450 sqm

the building line shall beat least 3 m away from the boundary of

recreational open space

Community open spaces and amenities

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 45

Width of Means of Access

The residential plots shall abut

on a public means of access

like street-oad Plots which do

not abut on a streethoad shall

abuthont on a means of access

the width and other

requirements of which shall be

as given in Table 1

In no case development on plots shall be permitted unless it is accessible by a public street of width not less than 6 m

MEANS OF ACCESS

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 46

In the case of special housing schemes for low income group

and economically weaker section of society developed up to two

storied row cluster housing scheme the pedestrian pathway

width shall be 3 m subject to provisions of 94l(a) The

pedestrian pathway shall not serve more than 8 plots on each

side of the pathway the length of the pathway shall be not more

than 50 m

No mention of plot sizehelliplarge plots sub-divided and the norm fails

Distance from Electric LinesNo VERANDAH balcony or the like shall be allowed to beerected or re-erected or any additions or alterations made to abuilding within the distances quoted below in accordance withthe current Indian Electricity Rules as amended from time-to-time between the building and any overhead electric supplyline

MEANS OF ACCESS-Cntd

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 47

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 48

Plot SizeThe minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75 percent shall not be less than 40 sqm in small and medium town and not less than 30 sqm in metropolitan cities Plot sizes below 30 sqm but not less than 15 sqm may be permitted in case of cluster planning however in such cases the ground coverage and FSI shall be 100 percent and 2 percent respectively

NOTES1 In exceptional cases in metropolitan cities with population more than 1 million the size of plots may be brought down to 25 sqm in cases of low income housing colonies located in congested areas as decided by the Authority In mega-cities it may be further reduced to 15 m2 In such cases where plot size is below 25 sqm only cluster planning or group housing may be adopted

2 A minimum of 25 percent of the plot size shall be left open without adversely affecting light and ventilation for habitable spaces and toilet It shall not be made mandatory to leave set back on any side

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 49

Vehicular AccessA right of way of at least 6 m width should be provided up to theentrance to the cluster to facilitate emergency vehicle movement up tocluster

DensityCluster planning methodologies result in higher densities with low risestructures With per dwelling unit covered area of 15 sqm densities of500 dwelling units per hectare (net) shall be permissible Densitieshigher than this should not allowed

Group ToiletCluster housing for economically weaker section families can havegroup toilets at the rate of one water closet one bath and a washingplace for three families

Size of RoomHabitable RoomEvery dwelling unit to be provided should have at least two habitable rooms Even if one room house is provided initially it should be capable of adding a new second room in future However in case single room tenements are required to be provided where future additions are not possible the carpet area of multipurpose single room should be at least 125 m2Such one room dwelling units with 125 m2 carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case of on site rehabilitation of slum dwellers In a house of two rooms first room shall not be less than 90 m2 with minimum width of 25 m and second room shall not be less than 65 m2 with minimum width of 21 m provided the total area of both the rooms is not less than 155 m2 In incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room

SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF CLUSTER PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 51

Life style

Affordability

Social Classification

Life style

SALARY CLASS

BUSINESS CLASS

BOTH WORKING

JOINT FAMILY

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52

Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi

Zone ndashF

a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)

LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53

The component method of design provides a broad frame work for

achieving the described life style objectives

HOUSING COMPONENT

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59

the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60

Desired outcomes Suggested responses

One two and three-bedroom

dwellings

One two and three-bedroom affordable

housing

dwelling types provide rooms of

sufficient dimensions to support the

safe comfortable and convenient use of

and movement around furniture

facilities and fittings needed by

householders

Studio apartments

Studio apartment rooms provide

adequate space for the function of

individual units including

bull sleeping living dining and kitchen

areas and

bull adequate bathroom laundry and

clothes dryingfacilities

Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table

Studio apartments generally conform to a

minimum

gross floor area of 30m2

The room sizes generally conform to the

following table

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61

Afordability Survey and Analysis

Category

Sample

Income group

Current status

Current Facilities Wishlist

Affordable EMI Analysis

Low

Inco

me

Gro

up

case

-1

A small 2BHK unit

of approx

35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs

lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)

4000

Rentedcommon washrooms

separate washroom

1500 PM no privacy Privacy

Mid

dle

Cla

ss

case

-1

10000-35000

Single 2BHK Family 2bhk

A Good 23BHK unit of approx

100 sqyard in range of

18-25 lacs

Rented Good location 7000

11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry

Bigger balcony

More natural light

Bigger Bedrooms

Good storage Space

case

-2

10000-35000

Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms

RentedBigger living area

7000 PM Good height 10000

Minimum shafts

small kitchenlaundry

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62

EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT

AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1

Category - EWS

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR

CASE -2

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35

CASE -3

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE

5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25

35

40

25

30

1060

30

1060

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63

63

AREA -DAYANAND COLONY

CASE -1

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

1010

30

50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65

GENERAL PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68

NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69

SPACE RELATIONSHIP

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71

Approach for investigating

affordable housing

Knowledge about future

house

Knowledge about present

house

Knowledge about Family

Payment Method

Preferred Area

PreferredLocation

Affordability

TypologicalPreferences

SpacePreferences

Location winNeighborhood

AdvantagesDis

Home TypeOwnershipStatus

Location

NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces

Degree ofSatisfaction

Income level

No of Family Members

EducationalLevel

(husbandwife)

Work Sector

No of Cars

Domestic Labor

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

72

AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

10

10

30

50

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

73

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

74

Conclusion

While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are

increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as

televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While

we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an

auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living

in a slum-like dwelling

It is understandable that economic

growth leads to rise in income but this

has led to even faster rise in property

prices leaving it unaffordable for majority

of population Affordable housing is

expected to have a positive by improving

basic quality of life Problems like traffic

congestion air quality commute times

etc can be resolved by providing proper

housing facilities to the weaker sections

of the society While the concept of

affordable housing seems to be a simple

solution to current housing woes its

execution remains complicated due to the

unclear policy framework To make

affordable housing work in India it would

require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by

slightly adjusting their interests towards a

wider social cause

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

75

Land use planning and

development

The project of the poor

Development standards

Land supply

Land value

Land affordability

Subdivision

Land market

Allocation

Demand

Intervention rationale

Neo liberalism

Site and Service

Subdivision

Land policy

Efficiency and equity

Land management

Direct intervention world

bank

Learning by doing

Site and service

subdivision

Poverty alleviation

Suitability and

acceptability

Affordability standards

subdivision

Intervention usually takes three broad categories

bull planning regulations

bull direct government investments and

bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation

Land management improvements

Example Land Readjustment

direct public investment

Example land banking

Example Site-and-Service

OBJECTIVES

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at

1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on

rental or ownership basis

2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter

options especially to the vulnerable groups

and the poor

3 Ensuring that housing along with the

supporting services is treated as a priority and

at par with infrastructure sector

4 Removing barriers related to legal financial

and administrative for facilitating access to

land finance and technology

5 Forging strong partnership between private

public and cooperative sectors to enhance the

capacity of the construction industry to

participate in every sphere of housing and

habitat

6 Using technology for modernizing the

housing sector to increase efficiency

productivity energy efficiency and quality

7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions

and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for

adding to the housing stock

THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including

formulation of effective

foreclosure laws

bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of

resources to the

housing and infrastructure sector

bull Develop a debt market for housing and

infrastructure fully integrated

with the financial markets in the country

bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the

requirement of low cost funds

for the housing needs of the poor

bull Promote research and development and transfer of

technology for

construction of houses

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available

resources to promote development and growth in a

sustained manner

bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing

infrastructure innovative and energy saving

construction materials and methods and also set up

a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the

concessions are correctly targeted and utilized

bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological

standards to protect the environment and provide a

better quality of life in human settlements

bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage

market

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD

1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a

boost to housing and supporting infrastructure

2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in

undertaking housing construction for all segments in

urban and rural areas

3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to

land

4 Facilitate training of construction workers by

converging other development programs through

building centers and other agencies

5 Promote decentralized production and availability of

building material

6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their

responsibilities in regulatory and development

functions

THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare

District Housing Action Plans for rural areas

2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and

augment supply of land for housing particularly

for the vulnerable group

3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural

infrastructure services

4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for

planned development

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE

COMPANIES WOULD

1 Redefine their role and move away from their

traditional approach to housing finance

2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the

needs of people

3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to

those who are in dire need of housing finance

support

4 Mobilize resources from provident funds

insurance funds mutual funds etc For house

building activities

5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize

domestic savings

HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS

DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND

OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role

for facilitating land assembly and development of

infrastructure

2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and

cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient

manner

3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement

THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND

CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD

1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of

houses and development of amenities

2 Forge partnership with state governments and local

authorities for construction of houses

3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out

schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization

basis

RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

ORGANIZATIONS WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw

materials

2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace

them with renewable resources

3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by

various public and private construction agencies

4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and

construction methods

5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the

housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste

based energy

6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new

constructions as well as strengthening of existing

houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and

human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes

cyclones and floods

7 Disseminate (spread) information about new

technologies and provide training to construction

workers in the use of new technologies

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

84

Role of PPP in Affordable Housing

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

85

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

86

JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance

No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million

No of Houses under Progress 0265 million

Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores

(BSUP+IHSDP)

997

achieved

Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of

Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline

Target of 27 cities

27 cities

achieved

Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of

developed land for EWSLIG Timeline

Target of 16 cities

16 cities

achieved

The JNNURM Initiative

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

87

i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP

ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath

iii Vector-free housing layout

iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces

v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and

vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness

Inclusive Planning amp Architecture

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

88

Recommendations

bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100

ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households

ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs

ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment

ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure

ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by

ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and

conversion of agricultural lands for urban use

ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for

making a proper assessment of land

requirements and allocation of such lands for

different uses

ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

89

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

90

Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

91

Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels

Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

92

SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66

References

Inferences

Books

Internet

Case Studies

Library references

bullNational Building Codes

bullGreen Households Domestic consumers

environment and sustainability

bullSustainable design practice

bullModern architecture

bullGaia House Design

bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy

Charles chorea and Raj

Reval

bullIntach library

Net references

bullWikipediacom

bullGooglecoin

bullDDA website

bullWHO living

standards

Case studies

bullResidences in old

Delhi

bullOther

contemporary

houses in

surrounding

houses

References

Page 32: Dessertation ii sem [autosaved]

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 32

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 33

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 34

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 35

H

H

H

H

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 36

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 37

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 38

Objectives

bull To facilitate the incorporation of affordable housing in residential and mixed-use developments

bull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing in locations with easy accessto shops transport and government

and community servicesbull To ensure appropriate car parking provision for household requirementsbull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing through management and

ownership considerations

Diversity of affordable

housing

The affordable housingdevelopment provides

bull one two andor three-bedroom dwelling typesandor

bull apartments

Car parking

Car parking provision isappropriate for site location andhousehold requirements and isprovided on the site

Location of affordable

housing

Affordable housing is locatedclose to or has easy access toshops employment transportand government and communityservices

PROVISION AND LOCATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 39

Objectives

Integrating affordable housing

Affordable housing is integrated into new residential and mixed-usedevelopments where it is not a stand-alone development on its own site

Suggested responses

INTEGRATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 40Transforming Shelters-A journey of affordable Luxury

40

Objectives

bull To ensure site planning and related design responses facilitate good housingoutcomes

PrivacyDwellings are designed toacknowledge the differentrequirements for privacy andcontrol in the transition1) from public spaces2) through the privately controlledbut publicly visibleor semi-private shared space tothe dwelling entry and3) onto its private open space

Addressing public space

A dwelling adjacent to a streetor park addresses themfunctionally and visually (Onlarge sites communal openspaces are the equivalent of apublic park)

Privacy within the development

Development does notsignificantly reduce privacy anddaylight to private open spaces

Legibility of accessAccess to and sense of entry to adwelling fronting a street or aninternal path network is clearand unambiguous

SITE PLANNING OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 41

41

External circulationExternal pathways serving anindividual dwelling or multiples ofdwellings within a developmentare designed to suit the needs andvolume of intended occupantsand users

Carparking and streetpresentation

The street frontage of thedevelopment is not dominatedby car parking areas orstructures rubbish binenclosures and utility structures

Planting

Landscaping forms an integralcomponent of the designof the development

Territoriality

bull To aid the control of externalspaces by immediatelyadjacent households theterritorial boundaries of thesespaces are clearly delineated

bull Access by the general publicthrough the site is preventedand if this is unachievable thepath should be treated like apublic realm area

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 42

Objectives

bull To facilitate the provision of comfortable pleasant safe efficient and cost-effective accommodation for the intended occupants of affordable housing

bull To facilitate the incorporation of adaptable housing design principles inaffordable housing

All dwelling types are providedwith an appropriately located andfunctional arearsquos like

External entry areas

Internal entry areas

Livingdining areas

Kitchens

Bathrooms

Hallways

Bedrooms

Storage Area

Clothes Drying

Stairs and lifts( as per

NBC)

Open space

Security Adaptable housing

DESIGN OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 43

Every room intended for human habitation shall abut on aninterior or exterior open space or an open VERANDAH open tosuch interior or exterior open space

SKETCH FOR EXAMPLECONTRARY IMAGE FOUND IN SURVEY

For streets less than 75 m in width the distance of the building (building line) shall beat least 5 m from the centre line of the street

FRONT OPEN SPACES

OPEN SPACES WITHIN A PLOT

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 44

44

Residential and Commercial Zones

In any layout or sub-division of land measuring 03 hectare of

more in residential and commercial zones the community open

spaces shall be reserved for recreational purposes which shall as

far as possible be provided in one place or planned out for the

use of the community in clusters or pockets

The community open spaces shall be provided catering to the

needs of area of layout population for which the layout is

planned and the category of dwelling units The following

minimum provision shall be made

a) 15 percent of the area of the layout or

b) 03 to 04rsquo ha1 000 persons for low income housing the open

spaces shall be 03 ha1 000 persons

No recreational space shall generally be less than 450 sqm

the building line shall beat least 3 m away from the boundary of

recreational open space

Community open spaces and amenities

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 45

Width of Means of Access

The residential plots shall abut

on a public means of access

like street-oad Plots which do

not abut on a streethoad shall

abuthont on a means of access

the width and other

requirements of which shall be

as given in Table 1

In no case development on plots shall be permitted unless it is accessible by a public street of width not less than 6 m

MEANS OF ACCESS

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 46

In the case of special housing schemes for low income group

and economically weaker section of society developed up to two

storied row cluster housing scheme the pedestrian pathway

width shall be 3 m subject to provisions of 94l(a) The

pedestrian pathway shall not serve more than 8 plots on each

side of the pathway the length of the pathway shall be not more

than 50 m

No mention of plot sizehelliplarge plots sub-divided and the norm fails

Distance from Electric LinesNo VERANDAH balcony or the like shall be allowed to beerected or re-erected or any additions or alterations made to abuilding within the distances quoted below in accordance withthe current Indian Electricity Rules as amended from time-to-time between the building and any overhead electric supplyline

MEANS OF ACCESS-Cntd

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 47

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 48

Plot SizeThe minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75 percent shall not be less than 40 sqm in small and medium town and not less than 30 sqm in metropolitan cities Plot sizes below 30 sqm but not less than 15 sqm may be permitted in case of cluster planning however in such cases the ground coverage and FSI shall be 100 percent and 2 percent respectively

NOTES1 In exceptional cases in metropolitan cities with population more than 1 million the size of plots may be brought down to 25 sqm in cases of low income housing colonies located in congested areas as decided by the Authority In mega-cities it may be further reduced to 15 m2 In such cases where plot size is below 25 sqm only cluster planning or group housing may be adopted

2 A minimum of 25 percent of the plot size shall be left open without adversely affecting light and ventilation for habitable spaces and toilet It shall not be made mandatory to leave set back on any side

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 49

Vehicular AccessA right of way of at least 6 m width should be provided up to theentrance to the cluster to facilitate emergency vehicle movement up tocluster

DensityCluster planning methodologies result in higher densities with low risestructures With per dwelling unit covered area of 15 sqm densities of500 dwelling units per hectare (net) shall be permissible Densitieshigher than this should not allowed

Group ToiletCluster housing for economically weaker section families can havegroup toilets at the rate of one water closet one bath and a washingplace for three families

Size of RoomHabitable RoomEvery dwelling unit to be provided should have at least two habitable rooms Even if one room house is provided initially it should be capable of adding a new second room in future However in case single room tenements are required to be provided where future additions are not possible the carpet area of multipurpose single room should be at least 125 m2Such one room dwelling units with 125 m2 carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case of on site rehabilitation of slum dwellers In a house of two rooms first room shall not be less than 90 m2 with minimum width of 25 m and second room shall not be less than 65 m2 with minimum width of 21 m provided the total area of both the rooms is not less than 155 m2 In incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room

SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF CLUSTER PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 51

Life style

Affordability

Social Classification

Life style

SALARY CLASS

BUSINESS CLASS

BOTH WORKING

JOINT FAMILY

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52

Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi

Zone ndashF

a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)

LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53

The component method of design provides a broad frame work for

achieving the described life style objectives

HOUSING COMPONENT

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59

the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60

Desired outcomes Suggested responses

One two and three-bedroom

dwellings

One two and three-bedroom affordable

housing

dwelling types provide rooms of

sufficient dimensions to support the

safe comfortable and convenient use of

and movement around furniture

facilities and fittings needed by

householders

Studio apartments

Studio apartment rooms provide

adequate space for the function of

individual units including

bull sleeping living dining and kitchen

areas and

bull adequate bathroom laundry and

clothes dryingfacilities

Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table

Studio apartments generally conform to a

minimum

gross floor area of 30m2

The room sizes generally conform to the

following table

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61

Afordability Survey and Analysis

Category

Sample

Income group

Current status

Current Facilities Wishlist

Affordable EMI Analysis

Low

Inco

me

Gro

up

case

-1

A small 2BHK unit

of approx

35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs

lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)

4000

Rentedcommon washrooms

separate washroom

1500 PM no privacy Privacy

Mid

dle

Cla

ss

case

-1

10000-35000

Single 2BHK Family 2bhk

A Good 23BHK unit of approx

100 sqyard in range of

18-25 lacs

Rented Good location 7000

11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry

Bigger balcony

More natural light

Bigger Bedrooms

Good storage Space

case

-2

10000-35000

Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms

RentedBigger living area

7000 PM Good height 10000

Minimum shafts

small kitchenlaundry

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62

EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT

AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1

Category - EWS

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR

CASE -2

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35

CASE -3

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE

5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25

35

40

25

30

1060

30

1060

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63

63

AREA -DAYANAND COLONY

CASE -1

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

1010

30

50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65

GENERAL PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68

NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69

SPACE RELATIONSHIP

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71

Approach for investigating

affordable housing

Knowledge about future

house

Knowledge about present

house

Knowledge about Family

Payment Method

Preferred Area

PreferredLocation

Affordability

TypologicalPreferences

SpacePreferences

Location winNeighborhood

AdvantagesDis

Home TypeOwnershipStatus

Location

NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces

Degree ofSatisfaction

Income level

No of Family Members

EducationalLevel

(husbandwife)

Work Sector

No of Cars

Domestic Labor

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

72

AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

10

10

30

50

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

73

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

74

Conclusion

While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are

increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as

televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While

we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an

auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living

in a slum-like dwelling

It is understandable that economic

growth leads to rise in income but this

has led to even faster rise in property

prices leaving it unaffordable for majority

of population Affordable housing is

expected to have a positive by improving

basic quality of life Problems like traffic

congestion air quality commute times

etc can be resolved by providing proper

housing facilities to the weaker sections

of the society While the concept of

affordable housing seems to be a simple

solution to current housing woes its

execution remains complicated due to the

unclear policy framework To make

affordable housing work in India it would

require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by

slightly adjusting their interests towards a

wider social cause

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

75

Land use planning and

development

The project of the poor

Development standards

Land supply

Land value

Land affordability

Subdivision

Land market

Allocation

Demand

Intervention rationale

Neo liberalism

Site and Service

Subdivision

Land policy

Efficiency and equity

Land management

Direct intervention world

bank

Learning by doing

Site and service

subdivision

Poverty alleviation

Suitability and

acceptability

Affordability standards

subdivision

Intervention usually takes three broad categories

bull planning regulations

bull direct government investments and

bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation

Land management improvements

Example Land Readjustment

direct public investment

Example land banking

Example Site-and-Service

OBJECTIVES

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at

1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on

rental or ownership basis

2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter

options especially to the vulnerable groups

and the poor

3 Ensuring that housing along with the

supporting services is treated as a priority and

at par with infrastructure sector

4 Removing barriers related to legal financial

and administrative for facilitating access to

land finance and technology

5 Forging strong partnership between private

public and cooperative sectors to enhance the

capacity of the construction industry to

participate in every sphere of housing and

habitat

6 Using technology for modernizing the

housing sector to increase efficiency

productivity energy efficiency and quality

7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions

and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for

adding to the housing stock

THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including

formulation of effective

foreclosure laws

bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of

resources to the

housing and infrastructure sector

bull Develop a debt market for housing and

infrastructure fully integrated

with the financial markets in the country

bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the

requirement of low cost funds

for the housing needs of the poor

bull Promote research and development and transfer of

technology for

construction of houses

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available

resources to promote development and growth in a

sustained manner

bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing

infrastructure innovative and energy saving

construction materials and methods and also set up

a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the

concessions are correctly targeted and utilized

bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological

standards to protect the environment and provide a

better quality of life in human settlements

bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage

market

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD

1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a

boost to housing and supporting infrastructure

2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in

undertaking housing construction for all segments in

urban and rural areas

3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to

land

4 Facilitate training of construction workers by

converging other development programs through

building centers and other agencies

5 Promote decentralized production and availability of

building material

6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their

responsibilities in regulatory and development

functions

THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare

District Housing Action Plans for rural areas

2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and

augment supply of land for housing particularly

for the vulnerable group

3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural

infrastructure services

4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for

planned development

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE

COMPANIES WOULD

1 Redefine their role and move away from their

traditional approach to housing finance

2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the

needs of people

3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to

those who are in dire need of housing finance

support

4 Mobilize resources from provident funds

insurance funds mutual funds etc For house

building activities

5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize

domestic savings

HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS

DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND

OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role

for facilitating land assembly and development of

infrastructure

2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and

cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient

manner

3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement

THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND

CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD

1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of

houses and development of amenities

2 Forge partnership with state governments and local

authorities for construction of houses

3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out

schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization

basis

RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

ORGANIZATIONS WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw

materials

2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace

them with renewable resources

3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by

various public and private construction agencies

4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and

construction methods

5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the

housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste

based energy

6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new

constructions as well as strengthening of existing

houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and

human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes

cyclones and floods

7 Disseminate (spread) information about new

technologies and provide training to construction

workers in the use of new technologies

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

84

Role of PPP in Affordable Housing

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

85

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

86

JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance

No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million

No of Houses under Progress 0265 million

Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores

(BSUP+IHSDP)

997

achieved

Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of

Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline

Target of 27 cities

27 cities

achieved

Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of

developed land for EWSLIG Timeline

Target of 16 cities

16 cities

achieved

The JNNURM Initiative

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

87

i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP

ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath

iii Vector-free housing layout

iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces

v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and

vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness

Inclusive Planning amp Architecture

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

88

Recommendations

bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100

ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households

ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs

ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment

ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure

ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by

ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and

conversion of agricultural lands for urban use

ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for

making a proper assessment of land

requirements and allocation of such lands for

different uses

ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

89

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

90

Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

91

Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels

Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

92

SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66

References

Inferences

Books

Internet

Case Studies

Library references

bullNational Building Codes

bullGreen Households Domestic consumers

environment and sustainability

bullSustainable design practice

bullModern architecture

bullGaia House Design

bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy

Charles chorea and Raj

Reval

bullIntach library

Net references

bullWikipediacom

bullGooglecoin

bullDDA website

bullWHO living

standards

Case studies

bullResidences in old

Delhi

bullOther

contemporary

houses in

surrounding

houses

References

Page 33: Dessertation ii sem [autosaved]

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 33

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 34

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 35

H

H

H

H

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 36

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 37

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 38

Objectives

bull To facilitate the incorporation of affordable housing in residential and mixed-use developments

bull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing in locations with easy accessto shops transport and government

and community servicesbull To ensure appropriate car parking provision for household requirementsbull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing through management and

ownership considerations

Diversity of affordable

housing

The affordable housingdevelopment provides

bull one two andor three-bedroom dwelling typesandor

bull apartments

Car parking

Car parking provision isappropriate for site location andhousehold requirements and isprovided on the site

Location of affordable

housing

Affordable housing is locatedclose to or has easy access toshops employment transportand government and communityservices

PROVISION AND LOCATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 39

Objectives

Integrating affordable housing

Affordable housing is integrated into new residential and mixed-usedevelopments where it is not a stand-alone development on its own site

Suggested responses

INTEGRATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 40Transforming Shelters-A journey of affordable Luxury

40

Objectives

bull To ensure site planning and related design responses facilitate good housingoutcomes

PrivacyDwellings are designed toacknowledge the differentrequirements for privacy andcontrol in the transition1) from public spaces2) through the privately controlledbut publicly visibleor semi-private shared space tothe dwelling entry and3) onto its private open space

Addressing public space

A dwelling adjacent to a streetor park addresses themfunctionally and visually (Onlarge sites communal openspaces are the equivalent of apublic park)

Privacy within the development

Development does notsignificantly reduce privacy anddaylight to private open spaces

Legibility of accessAccess to and sense of entry to adwelling fronting a street or aninternal path network is clearand unambiguous

SITE PLANNING OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 41

41

External circulationExternal pathways serving anindividual dwelling or multiples ofdwellings within a developmentare designed to suit the needs andvolume of intended occupantsand users

Carparking and streetpresentation

The street frontage of thedevelopment is not dominatedby car parking areas orstructures rubbish binenclosures and utility structures

Planting

Landscaping forms an integralcomponent of the designof the development

Territoriality

bull To aid the control of externalspaces by immediatelyadjacent households theterritorial boundaries of thesespaces are clearly delineated

bull Access by the general publicthrough the site is preventedand if this is unachievable thepath should be treated like apublic realm area

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 42

Objectives

bull To facilitate the provision of comfortable pleasant safe efficient and cost-effective accommodation for the intended occupants of affordable housing

bull To facilitate the incorporation of adaptable housing design principles inaffordable housing

All dwelling types are providedwith an appropriately located andfunctional arearsquos like

External entry areas

Internal entry areas

Livingdining areas

Kitchens

Bathrooms

Hallways

Bedrooms

Storage Area

Clothes Drying

Stairs and lifts( as per

NBC)

Open space

Security Adaptable housing

DESIGN OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 43

Every room intended for human habitation shall abut on aninterior or exterior open space or an open VERANDAH open tosuch interior or exterior open space

SKETCH FOR EXAMPLECONTRARY IMAGE FOUND IN SURVEY

For streets less than 75 m in width the distance of the building (building line) shall beat least 5 m from the centre line of the street

FRONT OPEN SPACES

OPEN SPACES WITHIN A PLOT

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 44

44

Residential and Commercial Zones

In any layout or sub-division of land measuring 03 hectare of

more in residential and commercial zones the community open

spaces shall be reserved for recreational purposes which shall as

far as possible be provided in one place or planned out for the

use of the community in clusters or pockets

The community open spaces shall be provided catering to the

needs of area of layout population for which the layout is

planned and the category of dwelling units The following

minimum provision shall be made

a) 15 percent of the area of the layout or

b) 03 to 04rsquo ha1 000 persons for low income housing the open

spaces shall be 03 ha1 000 persons

No recreational space shall generally be less than 450 sqm

the building line shall beat least 3 m away from the boundary of

recreational open space

Community open spaces and amenities

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 45

Width of Means of Access

The residential plots shall abut

on a public means of access

like street-oad Plots which do

not abut on a streethoad shall

abuthont on a means of access

the width and other

requirements of which shall be

as given in Table 1

In no case development on plots shall be permitted unless it is accessible by a public street of width not less than 6 m

MEANS OF ACCESS

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 46

In the case of special housing schemes for low income group

and economically weaker section of society developed up to two

storied row cluster housing scheme the pedestrian pathway

width shall be 3 m subject to provisions of 94l(a) The

pedestrian pathway shall not serve more than 8 plots on each

side of the pathway the length of the pathway shall be not more

than 50 m

No mention of plot sizehelliplarge plots sub-divided and the norm fails

Distance from Electric LinesNo VERANDAH balcony or the like shall be allowed to beerected or re-erected or any additions or alterations made to abuilding within the distances quoted below in accordance withthe current Indian Electricity Rules as amended from time-to-time between the building and any overhead electric supplyline

MEANS OF ACCESS-Cntd

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 47

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 48

Plot SizeThe minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75 percent shall not be less than 40 sqm in small and medium town and not less than 30 sqm in metropolitan cities Plot sizes below 30 sqm but not less than 15 sqm may be permitted in case of cluster planning however in such cases the ground coverage and FSI shall be 100 percent and 2 percent respectively

NOTES1 In exceptional cases in metropolitan cities with population more than 1 million the size of plots may be brought down to 25 sqm in cases of low income housing colonies located in congested areas as decided by the Authority In mega-cities it may be further reduced to 15 m2 In such cases where plot size is below 25 sqm only cluster planning or group housing may be adopted

2 A minimum of 25 percent of the plot size shall be left open without adversely affecting light and ventilation for habitable spaces and toilet It shall not be made mandatory to leave set back on any side

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 49

Vehicular AccessA right of way of at least 6 m width should be provided up to theentrance to the cluster to facilitate emergency vehicle movement up tocluster

DensityCluster planning methodologies result in higher densities with low risestructures With per dwelling unit covered area of 15 sqm densities of500 dwelling units per hectare (net) shall be permissible Densitieshigher than this should not allowed

Group ToiletCluster housing for economically weaker section families can havegroup toilets at the rate of one water closet one bath and a washingplace for three families

Size of RoomHabitable RoomEvery dwelling unit to be provided should have at least two habitable rooms Even if one room house is provided initially it should be capable of adding a new second room in future However in case single room tenements are required to be provided where future additions are not possible the carpet area of multipurpose single room should be at least 125 m2Such one room dwelling units with 125 m2 carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case of on site rehabilitation of slum dwellers In a house of two rooms first room shall not be less than 90 m2 with minimum width of 25 m and second room shall not be less than 65 m2 with minimum width of 21 m provided the total area of both the rooms is not less than 155 m2 In incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room

SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF CLUSTER PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 51

Life style

Affordability

Social Classification

Life style

SALARY CLASS

BUSINESS CLASS

BOTH WORKING

JOINT FAMILY

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52

Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi

Zone ndashF

a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)

LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53

The component method of design provides a broad frame work for

achieving the described life style objectives

HOUSING COMPONENT

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59

the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60

Desired outcomes Suggested responses

One two and three-bedroom

dwellings

One two and three-bedroom affordable

housing

dwelling types provide rooms of

sufficient dimensions to support the

safe comfortable and convenient use of

and movement around furniture

facilities and fittings needed by

householders

Studio apartments

Studio apartment rooms provide

adequate space for the function of

individual units including

bull sleeping living dining and kitchen

areas and

bull adequate bathroom laundry and

clothes dryingfacilities

Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table

Studio apartments generally conform to a

minimum

gross floor area of 30m2

The room sizes generally conform to the

following table

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61

Afordability Survey and Analysis

Category

Sample

Income group

Current status

Current Facilities Wishlist

Affordable EMI Analysis

Low

Inco

me

Gro

up

case

-1

A small 2BHK unit

of approx

35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs

lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)

4000

Rentedcommon washrooms

separate washroom

1500 PM no privacy Privacy

Mid

dle

Cla

ss

case

-1

10000-35000

Single 2BHK Family 2bhk

A Good 23BHK unit of approx

100 sqyard in range of

18-25 lacs

Rented Good location 7000

11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry

Bigger balcony

More natural light

Bigger Bedrooms

Good storage Space

case

-2

10000-35000

Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms

RentedBigger living area

7000 PM Good height 10000

Minimum shafts

small kitchenlaundry

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62

EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT

AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1

Category - EWS

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR

CASE -2

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35

CASE -3

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE

5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25

35

40

25

30

1060

30

1060

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63

63

AREA -DAYANAND COLONY

CASE -1

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

1010

30

50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65

GENERAL PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68

NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69

SPACE RELATIONSHIP

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71

Approach for investigating

affordable housing

Knowledge about future

house

Knowledge about present

house

Knowledge about Family

Payment Method

Preferred Area

PreferredLocation

Affordability

TypologicalPreferences

SpacePreferences

Location winNeighborhood

AdvantagesDis

Home TypeOwnershipStatus

Location

NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces

Degree ofSatisfaction

Income level

No of Family Members

EducationalLevel

(husbandwife)

Work Sector

No of Cars

Domestic Labor

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

72

AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

10

10

30

50

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

73

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

74

Conclusion

While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are

increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as

televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While

we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an

auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living

in a slum-like dwelling

It is understandable that economic

growth leads to rise in income but this

has led to even faster rise in property

prices leaving it unaffordable for majority

of population Affordable housing is

expected to have a positive by improving

basic quality of life Problems like traffic

congestion air quality commute times

etc can be resolved by providing proper

housing facilities to the weaker sections

of the society While the concept of

affordable housing seems to be a simple

solution to current housing woes its

execution remains complicated due to the

unclear policy framework To make

affordable housing work in India it would

require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by

slightly adjusting their interests towards a

wider social cause

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

75

Land use planning and

development

The project of the poor

Development standards

Land supply

Land value

Land affordability

Subdivision

Land market

Allocation

Demand

Intervention rationale

Neo liberalism

Site and Service

Subdivision

Land policy

Efficiency and equity

Land management

Direct intervention world

bank

Learning by doing

Site and service

subdivision

Poverty alleviation

Suitability and

acceptability

Affordability standards

subdivision

Intervention usually takes three broad categories

bull planning regulations

bull direct government investments and

bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation

Land management improvements

Example Land Readjustment

direct public investment

Example land banking

Example Site-and-Service

OBJECTIVES

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at

1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on

rental or ownership basis

2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter

options especially to the vulnerable groups

and the poor

3 Ensuring that housing along with the

supporting services is treated as a priority and

at par with infrastructure sector

4 Removing barriers related to legal financial

and administrative for facilitating access to

land finance and technology

5 Forging strong partnership between private

public and cooperative sectors to enhance the

capacity of the construction industry to

participate in every sphere of housing and

habitat

6 Using technology for modernizing the

housing sector to increase efficiency

productivity energy efficiency and quality

7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions

and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for

adding to the housing stock

THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including

formulation of effective

foreclosure laws

bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of

resources to the

housing and infrastructure sector

bull Develop a debt market for housing and

infrastructure fully integrated

with the financial markets in the country

bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the

requirement of low cost funds

for the housing needs of the poor

bull Promote research and development and transfer of

technology for

construction of houses

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available

resources to promote development and growth in a

sustained manner

bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing

infrastructure innovative and energy saving

construction materials and methods and also set up

a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the

concessions are correctly targeted and utilized

bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological

standards to protect the environment and provide a

better quality of life in human settlements

bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage

market

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD

1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a

boost to housing and supporting infrastructure

2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in

undertaking housing construction for all segments in

urban and rural areas

3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to

land

4 Facilitate training of construction workers by

converging other development programs through

building centers and other agencies

5 Promote decentralized production and availability of

building material

6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their

responsibilities in regulatory and development

functions

THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare

District Housing Action Plans for rural areas

2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and

augment supply of land for housing particularly

for the vulnerable group

3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural

infrastructure services

4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for

planned development

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE

COMPANIES WOULD

1 Redefine their role and move away from their

traditional approach to housing finance

2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the

needs of people

3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to

those who are in dire need of housing finance

support

4 Mobilize resources from provident funds

insurance funds mutual funds etc For house

building activities

5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize

domestic savings

HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS

DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND

OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role

for facilitating land assembly and development of

infrastructure

2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and

cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient

manner

3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement

THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND

CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD

1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of

houses and development of amenities

2 Forge partnership with state governments and local

authorities for construction of houses

3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out

schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization

basis

RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

ORGANIZATIONS WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw

materials

2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace

them with renewable resources

3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by

various public and private construction agencies

4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and

construction methods

5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the

housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste

based energy

6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new

constructions as well as strengthening of existing

houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and

human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes

cyclones and floods

7 Disseminate (spread) information about new

technologies and provide training to construction

workers in the use of new technologies

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

84

Role of PPP in Affordable Housing

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

85

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

86

JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance

No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million

No of Houses under Progress 0265 million

Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores

(BSUP+IHSDP)

997

achieved

Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of

Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline

Target of 27 cities

27 cities

achieved

Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of

developed land for EWSLIG Timeline

Target of 16 cities

16 cities

achieved

The JNNURM Initiative

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

87

i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP

ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath

iii Vector-free housing layout

iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces

v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and

vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness

Inclusive Planning amp Architecture

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

88

Recommendations

bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100

ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households

ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs

ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment

ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure

ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by

ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and

conversion of agricultural lands for urban use

ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for

making a proper assessment of land

requirements and allocation of such lands for

different uses

ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

89

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

90

Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

91

Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels

Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

92

SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66

References

Inferences

Books

Internet

Case Studies

Library references

bullNational Building Codes

bullGreen Households Domestic consumers

environment and sustainability

bullSustainable design practice

bullModern architecture

bullGaia House Design

bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy

Charles chorea and Raj

Reval

bullIntach library

Net references

bullWikipediacom

bullGooglecoin

bullDDA website

bullWHO living

standards

Case studies

bullResidences in old

Delhi

bullOther

contemporary

houses in

surrounding

houses

References

Page 34: Dessertation ii sem [autosaved]

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 34

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 35

H

H

H

H

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 36

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 37

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 38

Objectives

bull To facilitate the incorporation of affordable housing in residential and mixed-use developments

bull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing in locations with easy accessto shops transport and government

and community servicesbull To ensure appropriate car parking provision for household requirementsbull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing through management and

ownership considerations

Diversity of affordable

housing

The affordable housingdevelopment provides

bull one two andor three-bedroom dwelling typesandor

bull apartments

Car parking

Car parking provision isappropriate for site location andhousehold requirements and isprovided on the site

Location of affordable

housing

Affordable housing is locatedclose to or has easy access toshops employment transportand government and communityservices

PROVISION AND LOCATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 39

Objectives

Integrating affordable housing

Affordable housing is integrated into new residential and mixed-usedevelopments where it is not a stand-alone development on its own site

Suggested responses

INTEGRATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 40Transforming Shelters-A journey of affordable Luxury

40

Objectives

bull To ensure site planning and related design responses facilitate good housingoutcomes

PrivacyDwellings are designed toacknowledge the differentrequirements for privacy andcontrol in the transition1) from public spaces2) through the privately controlledbut publicly visibleor semi-private shared space tothe dwelling entry and3) onto its private open space

Addressing public space

A dwelling adjacent to a streetor park addresses themfunctionally and visually (Onlarge sites communal openspaces are the equivalent of apublic park)

Privacy within the development

Development does notsignificantly reduce privacy anddaylight to private open spaces

Legibility of accessAccess to and sense of entry to adwelling fronting a street or aninternal path network is clearand unambiguous

SITE PLANNING OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 41

41

External circulationExternal pathways serving anindividual dwelling or multiples ofdwellings within a developmentare designed to suit the needs andvolume of intended occupantsand users

Carparking and streetpresentation

The street frontage of thedevelopment is not dominatedby car parking areas orstructures rubbish binenclosures and utility structures

Planting

Landscaping forms an integralcomponent of the designof the development

Territoriality

bull To aid the control of externalspaces by immediatelyadjacent households theterritorial boundaries of thesespaces are clearly delineated

bull Access by the general publicthrough the site is preventedand if this is unachievable thepath should be treated like apublic realm area

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 42

Objectives

bull To facilitate the provision of comfortable pleasant safe efficient and cost-effective accommodation for the intended occupants of affordable housing

bull To facilitate the incorporation of adaptable housing design principles inaffordable housing

All dwelling types are providedwith an appropriately located andfunctional arearsquos like

External entry areas

Internal entry areas

Livingdining areas

Kitchens

Bathrooms

Hallways

Bedrooms

Storage Area

Clothes Drying

Stairs and lifts( as per

NBC)

Open space

Security Adaptable housing

DESIGN OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 43

Every room intended for human habitation shall abut on aninterior or exterior open space or an open VERANDAH open tosuch interior or exterior open space

SKETCH FOR EXAMPLECONTRARY IMAGE FOUND IN SURVEY

For streets less than 75 m in width the distance of the building (building line) shall beat least 5 m from the centre line of the street

FRONT OPEN SPACES

OPEN SPACES WITHIN A PLOT

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 44

44

Residential and Commercial Zones

In any layout or sub-division of land measuring 03 hectare of

more in residential and commercial zones the community open

spaces shall be reserved for recreational purposes which shall as

far as possible be provided in one place or planned out for the

use of the community in clusters or pockets

The community open spaces shall be provided catering to the

needs of area of layout population for which the layout is

planned and the category of dwelling units The following

minimum provision shall be made

a) 15 percent of the area of the layout or

b) 03 to 04rsquo ha1 000 persons for low income housing the open

spaces shall be 03 ha1 000 persons

No recreational space shall generally be less than 450 sqm

the building line shall beat least 3 m away from the boundary of

recreational open space

Community open spaces and amenities

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 45

Width of Means of Access

The residential plots shall abut

on a public means of access

like street-oad Plots which do

not abut on a streethoad shall

abuthont on a means of access

the width and other

requirements of which shall be

as given in Table 1

In no case development on plots shall be permitted unless it is accessible by a public street of width not less than 6 m

MEANS OF ACCESS

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 46

In the case of special housing schemes for low income group

and economically weaker section of society developed up to two

storied row cluster housing scheme the pedestrian pathway

width shall be 3 m subject to provisions of 94l(a) The

pedestrian pathway shall not serve more than 8 plots on each

side of the pathway the length of the pathway shall be not more

than 50 m

No mention of plot sizehelliplarge plots sub-divided and the norm fails

Distance from Electric LinesNo VERANDAH balcony or the like shall be allowed to beerected or re-erected or any additions or alterations made to abuilding within the distances quoted below in accordance withthe current Indian Electricity Rules as amended from time-to-time between the building and any overhead electric supplyline

MEANS OF ACCESS-Cntd

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 47

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 48

Plot SizeThe minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75 percent shall not be less than 40 sqm in small and medium town and not less than 30 sqm in metropolitan cities Plot sizes below 30 sqm but not less than 15 sqm may be permitted in case of cluster planning however in such cases the ground coverage and FSI shall be 100 percent and 2 percent respectively

NOTES1 In exceptional cases in metropolitan cities with population more than 1 million the size of plots may be brought down to 25 sqm in cases of low income housing colonies located in congested areas as decided by the Authority In mega-cities it may be further reduced to 15 m2 In such cases where plot size is below 25 sqm only cluster planning or group housing may be adopted

2 A minimum of 25 percent of the plot size shall be left open without adversely affecting light and ventilation for habitable spaces and toilet It shall not be made mandatory to leave set back on any side

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 49

Vehicular AccessA right of way of at least 6 m width should be provided up to theentrance to the cluster to facilitate emergency vehicle movement up tocluster

DensityCluster planning methodologies result in higher densities with low risestructures With per dwelling unit covered area of 15 sqm densities of500 dwelling units per hectare (net) shall be permissible Densitieshigher than this should not allowed

Group ToiletCluster housing for economically weaker section families can havegroup toilets at the rate of one water closet one bath and a washingplace for three families

Size of RoomHabitable RoomEvery dwelling unit to be provided should have at least two habitable rooms Even if one room house is provided initially it should be capable of adding a new second room in future However in case single room tenements are required to be provided where future additions are not possible the carpet area of multipurpose single room should be at least 125 m2Such one room dwelling units with 125 m2 carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case of on site rehabilitation of slum dwellers In a house of two rooms first room shall not be less than 90 m2 with minimum width of 25 m and second room shall not be less than 65 m2 with minimum width of 21 m provided the total area of both the rooms is not less than 155 m2 In incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room

SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF CLUSTER PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 51

Life style

Affordability

Social Classification

Life style

SALARY CLASS

BUSINESS CLASS

BOTH WORKING

JOINT FAMILY

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52

Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi

Zone ndashF

a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)

LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53

The component method of design provides a broad frame work for

achieving the described life style objectives

HOUSING COMPONENT

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59

the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60

Desired outcomes Suggested responses

One two and three-bedroom

dwellings

One two and three-bedroom affordable

housing

dwelling types provide rooms of

sufficient dimensions to support the

safe comfortable and convenient use of

and movement around furniture

facilities and fittings needed by

householders

Studio apartments

Studio apartment rooms provide

adequate space for the function of

individual units including

bull sleeping living dining and kitchen

areas and

bull adequate bathroom laundry and

clothes dryingfacilities

Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table

Studio apartments generally conform to a

minimum

gross floor area of 30m2

The room sizes generally conform to the

following table

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61

Afordability Survey and Analysis

Category

Sample

Income group

Current status

Current Facilities Wishlist

Affordable EMI Analysis

Low

Inco

me

Gro

up

case

-1

A small 2BHK unit

of approx

35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs

lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)

4000

Rentedcommon washrooms

separate washroom

1500 PM no privacy Privacy

Mid

dle

Cla

ss

case

-1

10000-35000

Single 2BHK Family 2bhk

A Good 23BHK unit of approx

100 sqyard in range of

18-25 lacs

Rented Good location 7000

11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry

Bigger balcony

More natural light

Bigger Bedrooms

Good storage Space

case

-2

10000-35000

Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms

RentedBigger living area

7000 PM Good height 10000

Minimum shafts

small kitchenlaundry

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62

EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT

AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1

Category - EWS

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR

CASE -2

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35

CASE -3

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE

5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25

35

40

25

30

1060

30

1060

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63

63

AREA -DAYANAND COLONY

CASE -1

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

1010

30

50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65

GENERAL PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68

NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69

SPACE RELATIONSHIP

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71

Approach for investigating

affordable housing

Knowledge about future

house

Knowledge about present

house

Knowledge about Family

Payment Method

Preferred Area

PreferredLocation

Affordability

TypologicalPreferences

SpacePreferences

Location winNeighborhood

AdvantagesDis

Home TypeOwnershipStatus

Location

NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces

Degree ofSatisfaction

Income level

No of Family Members

EducationalLevel

(husbandwife)

Work Sector

No of Cars

Domestic Labor

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

72

AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

10

10

30

50

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

73

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

74

Conclusion

While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are

increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as

televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While

we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an

auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living

in a slum-like dwelling

It is understandable that economic

growth leads to rise in income but this

has led to even faster rise in property

prices leaving it unaffordable for majority

of population Affordable housing is

expected to have a positive by improving

basic quality of life Problems like traffic

congestion air quality commute times

etc can be resolved by providing proper

housing facilities to the weaker sections

of the society While the concept of

affordable housing seems to be a simple

solution to current housing woes its

execution remains complicated due to the

unclear policy framework To make

affordable housing work in India it would

require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by

slightly adjusting their interests towards a

wider social cause

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

75

Land use planning and

development

The project of the poor

Development standards

Land supply

Land value

Land affordability

Subdivision

Land market

Allocation

Demand

Intervention rationale

Neo liberalism

Site and Service

Subdivision

Land policy

Efficiency and equity

Land management

Direct intervention world

bank

Learning by doing

Site and service

subdivision

Poverty alleviation

Suitability and

acceptability

Affordability standards

subdivision

Intervention usually takes three broad categories

bull planning regulations

bull direct government investments and

bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation

Land management improvements

Example Land Readjustment

direct public investment

Example land banking

Example Site-and-Service

OBJECTIVES

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at

1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on

rental or ownership basis

2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter

options especially to the vulnerable groups

and the poor

3 Ensuring that housing along with the

supporting services is treated as a priority and

at par with infrastructure sector

4 Removing barriers related to legal financial

and administrative for facilitating access to

land finance and technology

5 Forging strong partnership between private

public and cooperative sectors to enhance the

capacity of the construction industry to

participate in every sphere of housing and

habitat

6 Using technology for modernizing the

housing sector to increase efficiency

productivity energy efficiency and quality

7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions

and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for

adding to the housing stock

THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including

formulation of effective

foreclosure laws

bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of

resources to the

housing and infrastructure sector

bull Develop a debt market for housing and

infrastructure fully integrated

with the financial markets in the country

bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the

requirement of low cost funds

for the housing needs of the poor

bull Promote research and development and transfer of

technology for

construction of houses

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available

resources to promote development and growth in a

sustained manner

bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing

infrastructure innovative and energy saving

construction materials and methods and also set up

a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the

concessions are correctly targeted and utilized

bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological

standards to protect the environment and provide a

better quality of life in human settlements

bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage

market

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD

1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a

boost to housing and supporting infrastructure

2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in

undertaking housing construction for all segments in

urban and rural areas

3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to

land

4 Facilitate training of construction workers by

converging other development programs through

building centers and other agencies

5 Promote decentralized production and availability of

building material

6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their

responsibilities in regulatory and development

functions

THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare

District Housing Action Plans for rural areas

2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and

augment supply of land for housing particularly

for the vulnerable group

3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural

infrastructure services

4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for

planned development

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE

COMPANIES WOULD

1 Redefine their role and move away from their

traditional approach to housing finance

2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the

needs of people

3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to

those who are in dire need of housing finance

support

4 Mobilize resources from provident funds

insurance funds mutual funds etc For house

building activities

5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize

domestic savings

HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS

DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND

OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role

for facilitating land assembly and development of

infrastructure

2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and

cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient

manner

3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement

THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND

CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD

1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of

houses and development of amenities

2 Forge partnership with state governments and local

authorities for construction of houses

3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out

schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization

basis

RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

ORGANIZATIONS WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw

materials

2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace

them with renewable resources

3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by

various public and private construction agencies

4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and

construction methods

5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the

housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste

based energy

6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new

constructions as well as strengthening of existing

houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and

human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes

cyclones and floods

7 Disseminate (spread) information about new

technologies and provide training to construction

workers in the use of new technologies

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

84

Role of PPP in Affordable Housing

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

85

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

86

JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance

No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million

No of Houses under Progress 0265 million

Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores

(BSUP+IHSDP)

997

achieved

Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of

Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline

Target of 27 cities

27 cities

achieved

Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of

developed land for EWSLIG Timeline

Target of 16 cities

16 cities

achieved

The JNNURM Initiative

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

87

i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP

ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath

iii Vector-free housing layout

iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces

v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and

vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness

Inclusive Planning amp Architecture

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

88

Recommendations

bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100

ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households

ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs

ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment

ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure

ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by

ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and

conversion of agricultural lands for urban use

ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for

making a proper assessment of land

requirements and allocation of such lands for

different uses

ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

89

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

90

Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

91

Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels

Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

92

SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66

References

Inferences

Books

Internet

Case Studies

Library references

bullNational Building Codes

bullGreen Households Domestic consumers

environment and sustainability

bullSustainable design practice

bullModern architecture

bullGaia House Design

bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy

Charles chorea and Raj

Reval

bullIntach library

Net references

bullWikipediacom

bullGooglecoin

bullDDA website

bullWHO living

standards

Case studies

bullResidences in old

Delhi

bullOther

contemporary

houses in

surrounding

houses

References

Page 35: Dessertation ii sem [autosaved]

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 35

H

H

H

H

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 36

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 37

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 38

Objectives

bull To facilitate the incorporation of affordable housing in residential and mixed-use developments

bull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing in locations with easy accessto shops transport and government

and community servicesbull To ensure appropriate car parking provision for household requirementsbull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing through management and

ownership considerations

Diversity of affordable

housing

The affordable housingdevelopment provides

bull one two andor three-bedroom dwelling typesandor

bull apartments

Car parking

Car parking provision isappropriate for site location andhousehold requirements and isprovided on the site

Location of affordable

housing

Affordable housing is locatedclose to or has easy access toshops employment transportand government and communityservices

PROVISION AND LOCATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 39

Objectives

Integrating affordable housing

Affordable housing is integrated into new residential and mixed-usedevelopments where it is not a stand-alone development on its own site

Suggested responses

INTEGRATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 40Transforming Shelters-A journey of affordable Luxury

40

Objectives

bull To ensure site planning and related design responses facilitate good housingoutcomes

PrivacyDwellings are designed toacknowledge the differentrequirements for privacy andcontrol in the transition1) from public spaces2) through the privately controlledbut publicly visibleor semi-private shared space tothe dwelling entry and3) onto its private open space

Addressing public space

A dwelling adjacent to a streetor park addresses themfunctionally and visually (Onlarge sites communal openspaces are the equivalent of apublic park)

Privacy within the development

Development does notsignificantly reduce privacy anddaylight to private open spaces

Legibility of accessAccess to and sense of entry to adwelling fronting a street or aninternal path network is clearand unambiguous

SITE PLANNING OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 41

41

External circulationExternal pathways serving anindividual dwelling or multiples ofdwellings within a developmentare designed to suit the needs andvolume of intended occupantsand users

Carparking and streetpresentation

The street frontage of thedevelopment is not dominatedby car parking areas orstructures rubbish binenclosures and utility structures

Planting

Landscaping forms an integralcomponent of the designof the development

Territoriality

bull To aid the control of externalspaces by immediatelyadjacent households theterritorial boundaries of thesespaces are clearly delineated

bull Access by the general publicthrough the site is preventedand if this is unachievable thepath should be treated like apublic realm area

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 42

Objectives

bull To facilitate the provision of comfortable pleasant safe efficient and cost-effective accommodation for the intended occupants of affordable housing

bull To facilitate the incorporation of adaptable housing design principles inaffordable housing

All dwelling types are providedwith an appropriately located andfunctional arearsquos like

External entry areas

Internal entry areas

Livingdining areas

Kitchens

Bathrooms

Hallways

Bedrooms

Storage Area

Clothes Drying

Stairs and lifts( as per

NBC)

Open space

Security Adaptable housing

DESIGN OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 43

Every room intended for human habitation shall abut on aninterior or exterior open space or an open VERANDAH open tosuch interior or exterior open space

SKETCH FOR EXAMPLECONTRARY IMAGE FOUND IN SURVEY

For streets less than 75 m in width the distance of the building (building line) shall beat least 5 m from the centre line of the street

FRONT OPEN SPACES

OPEN SPACES WITHIN A PLOT

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 44

44

Residential and Commercial Zones

In any layout or sub-division of land measuring 03 hectare of

more in residential and commercial zones the community open

spaces shall be reserved for recreational purposes which shall as

far as possible be provided in one place or planned out for the

use of the community in clusters or pockets

The community open spaces shall be provided catering to the

needs of area of layout population for which the layout is

planned and the category of dwelling units The following

minimum provision shall be made

a) 15 percent of the area of the layout or

b) 03 to 04rsquo ha1 000 persons for low income housing the open

spaces shall be 03 ha1 000 persons

No recreational space shall generally be less than 450 sqm

the building line shall beat least 3 m away from the boundary of

recreational open space

Community open spaces and amenities

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 45

Width of Means of Access

The residential plots shall abut

on a public means of access

like street-oad Plots which do

not abut on a streethoad shall

abuthont on a means of access

the width and other

requirements of which shall be

as given in Table 1

In no case development on plots shall be permitted unless it is accessible by a public street of width not less than 6 m

MEANS OF ACCESS

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 46

In the case of special housing schemes for low income group

and economically weaker section of society developed up to two

storied row cluster housing scheme the pedestrian pathway

width shall be 3 m subject to provisions of 94l(a) The

pedestrian pathway shall not serve more than 8 plots on each

side of the pathway the length of the pathway shall be not more

than 50 m

No mention of plot sizehelliplarge plots sub-divided and the norm fails

Distance from Electric LinesNo VERANDAH balcony or the like shall be allowed to beerected or re-erected or any additions or alterations made to abuilding within the distances quoted below in accordance withthe current Indian Electricity Rules as amended from time-to-time between the building and any overhead electric supplyline

MEANS OF ACCESS-Cntd

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 47

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 48

Plot SizeThe minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75 percent shall not be less than 40 sqm in small and medium town and not less than 30 sqm in metropolitan cities Plot sizes below 30 sqm but not less than 15 sqm may be permitted in case of cluster planning however in such cases the ground coverage and FSI shall be 100 percent and 2 percent respectively

NOTES1 In exceptional cases in metropolitan cities with population more than 1 million the size of plots may be brought down to 25 sqm in cases of low income housing colonies located in congested areas as decided by the Authority In mega-cities it may be further reduced to 15 m2 In such cases where plot size is below 25 sqm only cluster planning or group housing may be adopted

2 A minimum of 25 percent of the plot size shall be left open without adversely affecting light and ventilation for habitable spaces and toilet It shall not be made mandatory to leave set back on any side

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 49

Vehicular AccessA right of way of at least 6 m width should be provided up to theentrance to the cluster to facilitate emergency vehicle movement up tocluster

DensityCluster planning methodologies result in higher densities with low risestructures With per dwelling unit covered area of 15 sqm densities of500 dwelling units per hectare (net) shall be permissible Densitieshigher than this should not allowed

Group ToiletCluster housing for economically weaker section families can havegroup toilets at the rate of one water closet one bath and a washingplace for three families

Size of RoomHabitable RoomEvery dwelling unit to be provided should have at least two habitable rooms Even if one room house is provided initially it should be capable of adding a new second room in future However in case single room tenements are required to be provided where future additions are not possible the carpet area of multipurpose single room should be at least 125 m2Such one room dwelling units with 125 m2 carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case of on site rehabilitation of slum dwellers In a house of two rooms first room shall not be less than 90 m2 with minimum width of 25 m and second room shall not be less than 65 m2 with minimum width of 21 m provided the total area of both the rooms is not less than 155 m2 In incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room

SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF CLUSTER PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 51

Life style

Affordability

Social Classification

Life style

SALARY CLASS

BUSINESS CLASS

BOTH WORKING

JOINT FAMILY

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52

Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi

Zone ndashF

a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)

LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53

The component method of design provides a broad frame work for

achieving the described life style objectives

HOUSING COMPONENT

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59

the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60

Desired outcomes Suggested responses

One two and three-bedroom

dwellings

One two and three-bedroom affordable

housing

dwelling types provide rooms of

sufficient dimensions to support the

safe comfortable and convenient use of

and movement around furniture

facilities and fittings needed by

householders

Studio apartments

Studio apartment rooms provide

adequate space for the function of

individual units including

bull sleeping living dining and kitchen

areas and

bull adequate bathroom laundry and

clothes dryingfacilities

Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table

Studio apartments generally conform to a

minimum

gross floor area of 30m2

The room sizes generally conform to the

following table

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61

Afordability Survey and Analysis

Category

Sample

Income group

Current status

Current Facilities Wishlist

Affordable EMI Analysis

Low

Inco

me

Gro

up

case

-1

A small 2BHK unit

of approx

35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs

lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)

4000

Rentedcommon washrooms

separate washroom

1500 PM no privacy Privacy

Mid

dle

Cla

ss

case

-1

10000-35000

Single 2BHK Family 2bhk

A Good 23BHK unit of approx

100 sqyard in range of

18-25 lacs

Rented Good location 7000

11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry

Bigger balcony

More natural light

Bigger Bedrooms

Good storage Space

case

-2

10000-35000

Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms

RentedBigger living area

7000 PM Good height 10000

Minimum shafts

small kitchenlaundry

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62

EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT

AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1

Category - EWS

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR

CASE -2

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35

CASE -3

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE

5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25

35

40

25

30

1060

30

1060

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63

63

AREA -DAYANAND COLONY

CASE -1

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

1010

30

50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65

GENERAL PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68

NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69

SPACE RELATIONSHIP

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71

Approach for investigating

affordable housing

Knowledge about future

house

Knowledge about present

house

Knowledge about Family

Payment Method

Preferred Area

PreferredLocation

Affordability

TypologicalPreferences

SpacePreferences

Location winNeighborhood

AdvantagesDis

Home TypeOwnershipStatus

Location

NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces

Degree ofSatisfaction

Income level

No of Family Members

EducationalLevel

(husbandwife)

Work Sector

No of Cars

Domestic Labor

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

72

AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

10

10

30

50

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

73

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

74

Conclusion

While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are

increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as

televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While

we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an

auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living

in a slum-like dwelling

It is understandable that economic

growth leads to rise in income but this

has led to even faster rise in property

prices leaving it unaffordable for majority

of population Affordable housing is

expected to have a positive by improving

basic quality of life Problems like traffic

congestion air quality commute times

etc can be resolved by providing proper

housing facilities to the weaker sections

of the society While the concept of

affordable housing seems to be a simple

solution to current housing woes its

execution remains complicated due to the

unclear policy framework To make

affordable housing work in India it would

require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by

slightly adjusting their interests towards a

wider social cause

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

75

Land use planning and

development

The project of the poor

Development standards

Land supply

Land value

Land affordability

Subdivision

Land market

Allocation

Demand

Intervention rationale

Neo liberalism

Site and Service

Subdivision

Land policy

Efficiency and equity

Land management

Direct intervention world

bank

Learning by doing

Site and service

subdivision

Poverty alleviation

Suitability and

acceptability

Affordability standards

subdivision

Intervention usually takes three broad categories

bull planning regulations

bull direct government investments and

bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation

Land management improvements

Example Land Readjustment

direct public investment

Example land banking

Example Site-and-Service

OBJECTIVES

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at

1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on

rental or ownership basis

2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter

options especially to the vulnerable groups

and the poor

3 Ensuring that housing along with the

supporting services is treated as a priority and

at par with infrastructure sector

4 Removing barriers related to legal financial

and administrative for facilitating access to

land finance and technology

5 Forging strong partnership between private

public and cooperative sectors to enhance the

capacity of the construction industry to

participate in every sphere of housing and

habitat

6 Using technology for modernizing the

housing sector to increase efficiency

productivity energy efficiency and quality

7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions

and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for

adding to the housing stock

THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including

formulation of effective

foreclosure laws

bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of

resources to the

housing and infrastructure sector

bull Develop a debt market for housing and

infrastructure fully integrated

with the financial markets in the country

bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the

requirement of low cost funds

for the housing needs of the poor

bull Promote research and development and transfer of

technology for

construction of houses

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available

resources to promote development and growth in a

sustained manner

bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing

infrastructure innovative and energy saving

construction materials and methods and also set up

a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the

concessions are correctly targeted and utilized

bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological

standards to protect the environment and provide a

better quality of life in human settlements

bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage

market

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD

1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a

boost to housing and supporting infrastructure

2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in

undertaking housing construction for all segments in

urban and rural areas

3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to

land

4 Facilitate training of construction workers by

converging other development programs through

building centers and other agencies

5 Promote decentralized production and availability of

building material

6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their

responsibilities in regulatory and development

functions

THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare

District Housing Action Plans for rural areas

2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and

augment supply of land for housing particularly

for the vulnerable group

3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural

infrastructure services

4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for

planned development

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE

COMPANIES WOULD

1 Redefine their role and move away from their

traditional approach to housing finance

2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the

needs of people

3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to

those who are in dire need of housing finance

support

4 Mobilize resources from provident funds

insurance funds mutual funds etc For house

building activities

5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize

domestic savings

HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS

DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND

OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role

for facilitating land assembly and development of

infrastructure

2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and

cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient

manner

3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement

THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND

CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD

1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of

houses and development of amenities

2 Forge partnership with state governments and local

authorities for construction of houses

3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out

schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization

basis

RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

ORGANIZATIONS WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw

materials

2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace

them with renewable resources

3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by

various public and private construction agencies

4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and

construction methods

5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the

housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste

based energy

6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new

constructions as well as strengthening of existing

houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and

human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes

cyclones and floods

7 Disseminate (spread) information about new

technologies and provide training to construction

workers in the use of new technologies

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

84

Role of PPP in Affordable Housing

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

85

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

86

JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance

No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million

No of Houses under Progress 0265 million

Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores

(BSUP+IHSDP)

997

achieved

Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of

Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline

Target of 27 cities

27 cities

achieved

Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of

developed land for EWSLIG Timeline

Target of 16 cities

16 cities

achieved

The JNNURM Initiative

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

87

i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP

ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath

iii Vector-free housing layout

iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces

v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and

vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness

Inclusive Planning amp Architecture

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

88

Recommendations

bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100

ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households

ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs

ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment

ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure

ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by

ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and

conversion of agricultural lands for urban use

ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for

making a proper assessment of land

requirements and allocation of such lands for

different uses

ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

89

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

90

Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

91

Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels

Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

92

SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66

References

Inferences

Books

Internet

Case Studies

Library references

bullNational Building Codes

bullGreen Households Domestic consumers

environment and sustainability

bullSustainable design practice

bullModern architecture

bullGaia House Design

bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy

Charles chorea and Raj

Reval

bullIntach library

Net references

bullWikipediacom

bullGooglecoin

bullDDA website

bullWHO living

standards

Case studies

bullResidences in old

Delhi

bullOther

contemporary

houses in

surrounding

houses

References

Page 36: Dessertation ii sem [autosaved]

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 36

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 37

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 38

Objectives

bull To facilitate the incorporation of affordable housing in residential and mixed-use developments

bull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing in locations with easy accessto shops transport and government

and community servicesbull To ensure appropriate car parking provision for household requirementsbull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing through management and

ownership considerations

Diversity of affordable

housing

The affordable housingdevelopment provides

bull one two andor three-bedroom dwelling typesandor

bull apartments

Car parking

Car parking provision isappropriate for site location andhousehold requirements and isprovided on the site

Location of affordable

housing

Affordable housing is locatedclose to or has easy access toshops employment transportand government and communityservices

PROVISION AND LOCATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 39

Objectives

Integrating affordable housing

Affordable housing is integrated into new residential and mixed-usedevelopments where it is not a stand-alone development on its own site

Suggested responses

INTEGRATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 40Transforming Shelters-A journey of affordable Luxury

40

Objectives

bull To ensure site planning and related design responses facilitate good housingoutcomes

PrivacyDwellings are designed toacknowledge the differentrequirements for privacy andcontrol in the transition1) from public spaces2) through the privately controlledbut publicly visibleor semi-private shared space tothe dwelling entry and3) onto its private open space

Addressing public space

A dwelling adjacent to a streetor park addresses themfunctionally and visually (Onlarge sites communal openspaces are the equivalent of apublic park)

Privacy within the development

Development does notsignificantly reduce privacy anddaylight to private open spaces

Legibility of accessAccess to and sense of entry to adwelling fronting a street or aninternal path network is clearand unambiguous

SITE PLANNING OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 41

41

External circulationExternal pathways serving anindividual dwelling or multiples ofdwellings within a developmentare designed to suit the needs andvolume of intended occupantsand users

Carparking and streetpresentation

The street frontage of thedevelopment is not dominatedby car parking areas orstructures rubbish binenclosures and utility structures

Planting

Landscaping forms an integralcomponent of the designof the development

Territoriality

bull To aid the control of externalspaces by immediatelyadjacent households theterritorial boundaries of thesespaces are clearly delineated

bull Access by the general publicthrough the site is preventedand if this is unachievable thepath should be treated like apublic realm area

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 42

Objectives

bull To facilitate the provision of comfortable pleasant safe efficient and cost-effective accommodation for the intended occupants of affordable housing

bull To facilitate the incorporation of adaptable housing design principles inaffordable housing

All dwelling types are providedwith an appropriately located andfunctional arearsquos like

External entry areas

Internal entry areas

Livingdining areas

Kitchens

Bathrooms

Hallways

Bedrooms

Storage Area

Clothes Drying

Stairs and lifts( as per

NBC)

Open space

Security Adaptable housing

DESIGN OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 43

Every room intended for human habitation shall abut on aninterior or exterior open space or an open VERANDAH open tosuch interior or exterior open space

SKETCH FOR EXAMPLECONTRARY IMAGE FOUND IN SURVEY

For streets less than 75 m in width the distance of the building (building line) shall beat least 5 m from the centre line of the street

FRONT OPEN SPACES

OPEN SPACES WITHIN A PLOT

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 44

44

Residential and Commercial Zones

In any layout or sub-division of land measuring 03 hectare of

more in residential and commercial zones the community open

spaces shall be reserved for recreational purposes which shall as

far as possible be provided in one place or planned out for the

use of the community in clusters or pockets

The community open spaces shall be provided catering to the

needs of area of layout population for which the layout is

planned and the category of dwelling units The following

minimum provision shall be made

a) 15 percent of the area of the layout or

b) 03 to 04rsquo ha1 000 persons for low income housing the open

spaces shall be 03 ha1 000 persons

No recreational space shall generally be less than 450 sqm

the building line shall beat least 3 m away from the boundary of

recreational open space

Community open spaces and amenities

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 45

Width of Means of Access

The residential plots shall abut

on a public means of access

like street-oad Plots which do

not abut on a streethoad shall

abuthont on a means of access

the width and other

requirements of which shall be

as given in Table 1

In no case development on plots shall be permitted unless it is accessible by a public street of width not less than 6 m

MEANS OF ACCESS

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 46

In the case of special housing schemes for low income group

and economically weaker section of society developed up to two

storied row cluster housing scheme the pedestrian pathway

width shall be 3 m subject to provisions of 94l(a) The

pedestrian pathway shall not serve more than 8 plots on each

side of the pathway the length of the pathway shall be not more

than 50 m

No mention of plot sizehelliplarge plots sub-divided and the norm fails

Distance from Electric LinesNo VERANDAH balcony or the like shall be allowed to beerected or re-erected or any additions or alterations made to abuilding within the distances quoted below in accordance withthe current Indian Electricity Rules as amended from time-to-time between the building and any overhead electric supplyline

MEANS OF ACCESS-Cntd

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 47

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 48

Plot SizeThe minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75 percent shall not be less than 40 sqm in small and medium town and not less than 30 sqm in metropolitan cities Plot sizes below 30 sqm but not less than 15 sqm may be permitted in case of cluster planning however in such cases the ground coverage and FSI shall be 100 percent and 2 percent respectively

NOTES1 In exceptional cases in metropolitan cities with population more than 1 million the size of plots may be brought down to 25 sqm in cases of low income housing colonies located in congested areas as decided by the Authority In mega-cities it may be further reduced to 15 m2 In such cases where plot size is below 25 sqm only cluster planning or group housing may be adopted

2 A minimum of 25 percent of the plot size shall be left open without adversely affecting light and ventilation for habitable spaces and toilet It shall not be made mandatory to leave set back on any side

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 49

Vehicular AccessA right of way of at least 6 m width should be provided up to theentrance to the cluster to facilitate emergency vehicle movement up tocluster

DensityCluster planning methodologies result in higher densities with low risestructures With per dwelling unit covered area of 15 sqm densities of500 dwelling units per hectare (net) shall be permissible Densitieshigher than this should not allowed

Group ToiletCluster housing for economically weaker section families can havegroup toilets at the rate of one water closet one bath and a washingplace for three families

Size of RoomHabitable RoomEvery dwelling unit to be provided should have at least two habitable rooms Even if one room house is provided initially it should be capable of adding a new second room in future However in case single room tenements are required to be provided where future additions are not possible the carpet area of multipurpose single room should be at least 125 m2Such one room dwelling units with 125 m2 carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case of on site rehabilitation of slum dwellers In a house of two rooms first room shall not be less than 90 m2 with minimum width of 25 m and second room shall not be less than 65 m2 with minimum width of 21 m provided the total area of both the rooms is not less than 155 m2 In incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room

SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF CLUSTER PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 51

Life style

Affordability

Social Classification

Life style

SALARY CLASS

BUSINESS CLASS

BOTH WORKING

JOINT FAMILY

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52

Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi

Zone ndashF

a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)

LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53

The component method of design provides a broad frame work for

achieving the described life style objectives

HOUSING COMPONENT

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59

the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60

Desired outcomes Suggested responses

One two and three-bedroom

dwellings

One two and three-bedroom affordable

housing

dwelling types provide rooms of

sufficient dimensions to support the

safe comfortable and convenient use of

and movement around furniture

facilities and fittings needed by

householders

Studio apartments

Studio apartment rooms provide

adequate space for the function of

individual units including

bull sleeping living dining and kitchen

areas and

bull adequate bathroom laundry and

clothes dryingfacilities

Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table

Studio apartments generally conform to a

minimum

gross floor area of 30m2

The room sizes generally conform to the

following table

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61

Afordability Survey and Analysis

Category

Sample

Income group

Current status

Current Facilities Wishlist

Affordable EMI Analysis

Low

Inco

me

Gro

up

case

-1

A small 2BHK unit

of approx

35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs

lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)

4000

Rentedcommon washrooms

separate washroom

1500 PM no privacy Privacy

Mid

dle

Cla

ss

case

-1

10000-35000

Single 2BHK Family 2bhk

A Good 23BHK unit of approx

100 sqyard in range of

18-25 lacs

Rented Good location 7000

11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry

Bigger balcony

More natural light

Bigger Bedrooms

Good storage Space

case

-2

10000-35000

Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms

RentedBigger living area

7000 PM Good height 10000

Minimum shafts

small kitchenlaundry

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62

EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT

AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1

Category - EWS

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR

CASE -2

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35

CASE -3

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE

5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25

35

40

25

30

1060

30

1060

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63

63

AREA -DAYANAND COLONY

CASE -1

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

1010

30

50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65

GENERAL PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68

NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69

SPACE RELATIONSHIP

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71

Approach for investigating

affordable housing

Knowledge about future

house

Knowledge about present

house

Knowledge about Family

Payment Method

Preferred Area

PreferredLocation

Affordability

TypologicalPreferences

SpacePreferences

Location winNeighborhood

AdvantagesDis

Home TypeOwnershipStatus

Location

NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces

Degree ofSatisfaction

Income level

No of Family Members

EducationalLevel

(husbandwife)

Work Sector

No of Cars

Domestic Labor

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

72

AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

10

10

30

50

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

73

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

74

Conclusion

While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are

increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as

televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While

we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an

auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living

in a slum-like dwelling

It is understandable that economic

growth leads to rise in income but this

has led to even faster rise in property

prices leaving it unaffordable for majority

of population Affordable housing is

expected to have a positive by improving

basic quality of life Problems like traffic

congestion air quality commute times

etc can be resolved by providing proper

housing facilities to the weaker sections

of the society While the concept of

affordable housing seems to be a simple

solution to current housing woes its

execution remains complicated due to the

unclear policy framework To make

affordable housing work in India it would

require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by

slightly adjusting their interests towards a

wider social cause

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

75

Land use planning and

development

The project of the poor

Development standards

Land supply

Land value

Land affordability

Subdivision

Land market

Allocation

Demand

Intervention rationale

Neo liberalism

Site and Service

Subdivision

Land policy

Efficiency and equity

Land management

Direct intervention world

bank

Learning by doing

Site and service

subdivision

Poverty alleviation

Suitability and

acceptability

Affordability standards

subdivision

Intervention usually takes three broad categories

bull planning regulations

bull direct government investments and

bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation

Land management improvements

Example Land Readjustment

direct public investment

Example land banking

Example Site-and-Service

OBJECTIVES

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at

1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on

rental or ownership basis

2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter

options especially to the vulnerable groups

and the poor

3 Ensuring that housing along with the

supporting services is treated as a priority and

at par with infrastructure sector

4 Removing barriers related to legal financial

and administrative for facilitating access to

land finance and technology

5 Forging strong partnership between private

public and cooperative sectors to enhance the

capacity of the construction industry to

participate in every sphere of housing and

habitat

6 Using technology for modernizing the

housing sector to increase efficiency

productivity energy efficiency and quality

7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions

and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for

adding to the housing stock

THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including

formulation of effective

foreclosure laws

bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of

resources to the

housing and infrastructure sector

bull Develop a debt market for housing and

infrastructure fully integrated

with the financial markets in the country

bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the

requirement of low cost funds

for the housing needs of the poor

bull Promote research and development and transfer of

technology for

construction of houses

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available

resources to promote development and growth in a

sustained manner

bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing

infrastructure innovative and energy saving

construction materials and methods and also set up

a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the

concessions are correctly targeted and utilized

bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological

standards to protect the environment and provide a

better quality of life in human settlements

bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage

market

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD

1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a

boost to housing and supporting infrastructure

2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in

undertaking housing construction for all segments in

urban and rural areas

3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to

land

4 Facilitate training of construction workers by

converging other development programs through

building centers and other agencies

5 Promote decentralized production and availability of

building material

6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their

responsibilities in regulatory and development

functions

THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare

District Housing Action Plans for rural areas

2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and

augment supply of land for housing particularly

for the vulnerable group

3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural

infrastructure services

4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for

planned development

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE

COMPANIES WOULD

1 Redefine their role and move away from their

traditional approach to housing finance

2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the

needs of people

3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to

those who are in dire need of housing finance

support

4 Mobilize resources from provident funds

insurance funds mutual funds etc For house

building activities

5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize

domestic savings

HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS

DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND

OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role

for facilitating land assembly and development of

infrastructure

2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and

cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient

manner

3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement

THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND

CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD

1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of

houses and development of amenities

2 Forge partnership with state governments and local

authorities for construction of houses

3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out

schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization

basis

RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

ORGANIZATIONS WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw

materials

2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace

them with renewable resources

3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by

various public and private construction agencies

4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and

construction methods

5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the

housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste

based energy

6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new

constructions as well as strengthening of existing

houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and

human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes

cyclones and floods

7 Disseminate (spread) information about new

technologies and provide training to construction

workers in the use of new technologies

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

84

Role of PPP in Affordable Housing

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

85

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

86

JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance

No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million

No of Houses under Progress 0265 million

Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores

(BSUP+IHSDP)

997

achieved

Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of

Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline

Target of 27 cities

27 cities

achieved

Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of

developed land for EWSLIG Timeline

Target of 16 cities

16 cities

achieved

The JNNURM Initiative

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

87

i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP

ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath

iii Vector-free housing layout

iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces

v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and

vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness

Inclusive Planning amp Architecture

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

88

Recommendations

bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100

ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households

ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs

ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment

ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure

ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by

ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and

conversion of agricultural lands for urban use

ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for

making a proper assessment of land

requirements and allocation of such lands for

different uses

ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

89

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

90

Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

91

Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels

Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

92

SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66

References

Inferences

Books

Internet

Case Studies

Library references

bullNational Building Codes

bullGreen Households Domestic consumers

environment and sustainability

bullSustainable design practice

bullModern architecture

bullGaia House Design

bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy

Charles chorea and Raj

Reval

bullIntach library

Net references

bullWikipediacom

bullGooglecoin

bullDDA website

bullWHO living

standards

Case studies

bullResidences in old

Delhi

bullOther

contemporary

houses in

surrounding

houses

References

Page 37: Dessertation ii sem [autosaved]

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 37

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 38

Objectives

bull To facilitate the incorporation of affordable housing in residential and mixed-use developments

bull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing in locations with easy accessto shops transport and government

and community servicesbull To ensure appropriate car parking provision for household requirementsbull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing through management and

ownership considerations

Diversity of affordable

housing

The affordable housingdevelopment provides

bull one two andor three-bedroom dwelling typesandor

bull apartments

Car parking

Car parking provision isappropriate for site location andhousehold requirements and isprovided on the site

Location of affordable

housing

Affordable housing is locatedclose to or has easy access toshops employment transportand government and communityservices

PROVISION AND LOCATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 39

Objectives

Integrating affordable housing

Affordable housing is integrated into new residential and mixed-usedevelopments where it is not a stand-alone development on its own site

Suggested responses

INTEGRATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 40Transforming Shelters-A journey of affordable Luxury

40

Objectives

bull To ensure site planning and related design responses facilitate good housingoutcomes

PrivacyDwellings are designed toacknowledge the differentrequirements for privacy andcontrol in the transition1) from public spaces2) through the privately controlledbut publicly visibleor semi-private shared space tothe dwelling entry and3) onto its private open space

Addressing public space

A dwelling adjacent to a streetor park addresses themfunctionally and visually (Onlarge sites communal openspaces are the equivalent of apublic park)

Privacy within the development

Development does notsignificantly reduce privacy anddaylight to private open spaces

Legibility of accessAccess to and sense of entry to adwelling fronting a street or aninternal path network is clearand unambiguous

SITE PLANNING OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 41

41

External circulationExternal pathways serving anindividual dwelling or multiples ofdwellings within a developmentare designed to suit the needs andvolume of intended occupantsand users

Carparking and streetpresentation

The street frontage of thedevelopment is not dominatedby car parking areas orstructures rubbish binenclosures and utility structures

Planting

Landscaping forms an integralcomponent of the designof the development

Territoriality

bull To aid the control of externalspaces by immediatelyadjacent households theterritorial boundaries of thesespaces are clearly delineated

bull Access by the general publicthrough the site is preventedand if this is unachievable thepath should be treated like apublic realm area

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 42

Objectives

bull To facilitate the provision of comfortable pleasant safe efficient and cost-effective accommodation for the intended occupants of affordable housing

bull To facilitate the incorporation of adaptable housing design principles inaffordable housing

All dwelling types are providedwith an appropriately located andfunctional arearsquos like

External entry areas

Internal entry areas

Livingdining areas

Kitchens

Bathrooms

Hallways

Bedrooms

Storage Area

Clothes Drying

Stairs and lifts( as per

NBC)

Open space

Security Adaptable housing

DESIGN OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 43

Every room intended for human habitation shall abut on aninterior or exterior open space or an open VERANDAH open tosuch interior or exterior open space

SKETCH FOR EXAMPLECONTRARY IMAGE FOUND IN SURVEY

For streets less than 75 m in width the distance of the building (building line) shall beat least 5 m from the centre line of the street

FRONT OPEN SPACES

OPEN SPACES WITHIN A PLOT

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 44

44

Residential and Commercial Zones

In any layout or sub-division of land measuring 03 hectare of

more in residential and commercial zones the community open

spaces shall be reserved for recreational purposes which shall as

far as possible be provided in one place or planned out for the

use of the community in clusters or pockets

The community open spaces shall be provided catering to the

needs of area of layout population for which the layout is

planned and the category of dwelling units The following

minimum provision shall be made

a) 15 percent of the area of the layout or

b) 03 to 04rsquo ha1 000 persons for low income housing the open

spaces shall be 03 ha1 000 persons

No recreational space shall generally be less than 450 sqm

the building line shall beat least 3 m away from the boundary of

recreational open space

Community open spaces and amenities

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 45

Width of Means of Access

The residential plots shall abut

on a public means of access

like street-oad Plots which do

not abut on a streethoad shall

abuthont on a means of access

the width and other

requirements of which shall be

as given in Table 1

In no case development on plots shall be permitted unless it is accessible by a public street of width not less than 6 m

MEANS OF ACCESS

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 46

In the case of special housing schemes for low income group

and economically weaker section of society developed up to two

storied row cluster housing scheme the pedestrian pathway

width shall be 3 m subject to provisions of 94l(a) The

pedestrian pathway shall not serve more than 8 plots on each

side of the pathway the length of the pathway shall be not more

than 50 m

No mention of plot sizehelliplarge plots sub-divided and the norm fails

Distance from Electric LinesNo VERANDAH balcony or the like shall be allowed to beerected or re-erected or any additions or alterations made to abuilding within the distances quoted below in accordance withthe current Indian Electricity Rules as amended from time-to-time between the building and any overhead electric supplyline

MEANS OF ACCESS-Cntd

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 47

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 48

Plot SizeThe minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75 percent shall not be less than 40 sqm in small and medium town and not less than 30 sqm in metropolitan cities Plot sizes below 30 sqm but not less than 15 sqm may be permitted in case of cluster planning however in such cases the ground coverage and FSI shall be 100 percent and 2 percent respectively

NOTES1 In exceptional cases in metropolitan cities with population more than 1 million the size of plots may be brought down to 25 sqm in cases of low income housing colonies located in congested areas as decided by the Authority In mega-cities it may be further reduced to 15 m2 In such cases where plot size is below 25 sqm only cluster planning or group housing may be adopted

2 A minimum of 25 percent of the plot size shall be left open without adversely affecting light and ventilation for habitable spaces and toilet It shall not be made mandatory to leave set back on any side

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 49

Vehicular AccessA right of way of at least 6 m width should be provided up to theentrance to the cluster to facilitate emergency vehicle movement up tocluster

DensityCluster planning methodologies result in higher densities with low risestructures With per dwelling unit covered area of 15 sqm densities of500 dwelling units per hectare (net) shall be permissible Densitieshigher than this should not allowed

Group ToiletCluster housing for economically weaker section families can havegroup toilets at the rate of one water closet one bath and a washingplace for three families

Size of RoomHabitable RoomEvery dwelling unit to be provided should have at least two habitable rooms Even if one room house is provided initially it should be capable of adding a new second room in future However in case single room tenements are required to be provided where future additions are not possible the carpet area of multipurpose single room should be at least 125 m2Such one room dwelling units with 125 m2 carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case of on site rehabilitation of slum dwellers In a house of two rooms first room shall not be less than 90 m2 with minimum width of 25 m and second room shall not be less than 65 m2 with minimum width of 21 m provided the total area of both the rooms is not less than 155 m2 In incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room

SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF CLUSTER PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 51

Life style

Affordability

Social Classification

Life style

SALARY CLASS

BUSINESS CLASS

BOTH WORKING

JOINT FAMILY

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52

Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi

Zone ndashF

a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)

LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53

The component method of design provides a broad frame work for

achieving the described life style objectives

HOUSING COMPONENT

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59

the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60

Desired outcomes Suggested responses

One two and three-bedroom

dwellings

One two and three-bedroom affordable

housing

dwelling types provide rooms of

sufficient dimensions to support the

safe comfortable and convenient use of

and movement around furniture

facilities and fittings needed by

householders

Studio apartments

Studio apartment rooms provide

adequate space for the function of

individual units including

bull sleeping living dining and kitchen

areas and

bull adequate bathroom laundry and

clothes dryingfacilities

Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table

Studio apartments generally conform to a

minimum

gross floor area of 30m2

The room sizes generally conform to the

following table

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61

Afordability Survey and Analysis

Category

Sample

Income group

Current status

Current Facilities Wishlist

Affordable EMI Analysis

Low

Inco

me

Gro

up

case

-1

A small 2BHK unit

of approx

35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs

lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)

4000

Rentedcommon washrooms

separate washroom

1500 PM no privacy Privacy

Mid

dle

Cla

ss

case

-1

10000-35000

Single 2BHK Family 2bhk

A Good 23BHK unit of approx

100 sqyard in range of

18-25 lacs

Rented Good location 7000

11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry

Bigger balcony

More natural light

Bigger Bedrooms

Good storage Space

case

-2

10000-35000

Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms

RentedBigger living area

7000 PM Good height 10000

Minimum shafts

small kitchenlaundry

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62

EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT

AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1

Category - EWS

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR

CASE -2

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35

CASE -3

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE

5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25

35

40

25

30

1060

30

1060

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63

63

AREA -DAYANAND COLONY

CASE -1

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

1010

30

50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65

GENERAL PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68

NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69

SPACE RELATIONSHIP

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71

Approach for investigating

affordable housing

Knowledge about future

house

Knowledge about present

house

Knowledge about Family

Payment Method

Preferred Area

PreferredLocation

Affordability

TypologicalPreferences

SpacePreferences

Location winNeighborhood

AdvantagesDis

Home TypeOwnershipStatus

Location

NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces

Degree ofSatisfaction

Income level

No of Family Members

EducationalLevel

(husbandwife)

Work Sector

No of Cars

Domestic Labor

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

72

AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

10

10

30

50

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

73

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

74

Conclusion

While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are

increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as

televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While

we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an

auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living

in a slum-like dwelling

It is understandable that economic

growth leads to rise in income but this

has led to even faster rise in property

prices leaving it unaffordable for majority

of population Affordable housing is

expected to have a positive by improving

basic quality of life Problems like traffic

congestion air quality commute times

etc can be resolved by providing proper

housing facilities to the weaker sections

of the society While the concept of

affordable housing seems to be a simple

solution to current housing woes its

execution remains complicated due to the

unclear policy framework To make

affordable housing work in India it would

require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by

slightly adjusting their interests towards a

wider social cause

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

75

Land use planning and

development

The project of the poor

Development standards

Land supply

Land value

Land affordability

Subdivision

Land market

Allocation

Demand

Intervention rationale

Neo liberalism

Site and Service

Subdivision

Land policy

Efficiency and equity

Land management

Direct intervention world

bank

Learning by doing

Site and service

subdivision

Poverty alleviation

Suitability and

acceptability

Affordability standards

subdivision

Intervention usually takes three broad categories

bull planning regulations

bull direct government investments and

bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation

Land management improvements

Example Land Readjustment

direct public investment

Example land banking

Example Site-and-Service

OBJECTIVES

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at

1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on

rental or ownership basis

2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter

options especially to the vulnerable groups

and the poor

3 Ensuring that housing along with the

supporting services is treated as a priority and

at par with infrastructure sector

4 Removing barriers related to legal financial

and administrative for facilitating access to

land finance and technology

5 Forging strong partnership between private

public and cooperative sectors to enhance the

capacity of the construction industry to

participate in every sphere of housing and

habitat

6 Using technology for modernizing the

housing sector to increase efficiency

productivity energy efficiency and quality

7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions

and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for

adding to the housing stock

THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including

formulation of effective

foreclosure laws

bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of

resources to the

housing and infrastructure sector

bull Develop a debt market for housing and

infrastructure fully integrated

with the financial markets in the country

bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the

requirement of low cost funds

for the housing needs of the poor

bull Promote research and development and transfer of

technology for

construction of houses

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available

resources to promote development and growth in a

sustained manner

bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing

infrastructure innovative and energy saving

construction materials and methods and also set up

a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the

concessions are correctly targeted and utilized

bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological

standards to protect the environment and provide a

better quality of life in human settlements

bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage

market

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD

1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a

boost to housing and supporting infrastructure

2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in

undertaking housing construction for all segments in

urban and rural areas

3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to

land

4 Facilitate training of construction workers by

converging other development programs through

building centers and other agencies

5 Promote decentralized production and availability of

building material

6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their

responsibilities in regulatory and development

functions

THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare

District Housing Action Plans for rural areas

2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and

augment supply of land for housing particularly

for the vulnerable group

3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural

infrastructure services

4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for

planned development

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE

COMPANIES WOULD

1 Redefine their role and move away from their

traditional approach to housing finance

2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the

needs of people

3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to

those who are in dire need of housing finance

support

4 Mobilize resources from provident funds

insurance funds mutual funds etc For house

building activities

5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize

domestic savings

HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS

DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND

OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role

for facilitating land assembly and development of

infrastructure

2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and

cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient

manner

3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement

THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND

CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD

1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of

houses and development of amenities

2 Forge partnership with state governments and local

authorities for construction of houses

3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out

schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization

basis

RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

ORGANIZATIONS WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw

materials

2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace

them with renewable resources

3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by

various public and private construction agencies

4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and

construction methods

5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the

housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste

based energy

6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new

constructions as well as strengthening of existing

houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and

human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes

cyclones and floods

7 Disseminate (spread) information about new

technologies and provide training to construction

workers in the use of new technologies

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

84

Role of PPP in Affordable Housing

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

85

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

86

JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance

No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million

No of Houses under Progress 0265 million

Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores

(BSUP+IHSDP)

997

achieved

Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of

Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline

Target of 27 cities

27 cities

achieved

Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of

developed land for EWSLIG Timeline

Target of 16 cities

16 cities

achieved

The JNNURM Initiative

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

87

i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP

ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath

iii Vector-free housing layout

iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces

v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and

vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness

Inclusive Planning amp Architecture

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

88

Recommendations

bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100

ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households

ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs

ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment

ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure

ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by

ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and

conversion of agricultural lands for urban use

ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for

making a proper assessment of land

requirements and allocation of such lands for

different uses

ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

89

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

90

Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

91

Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels

Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

92

SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66

References

Inferences

Books

Internet

Case Studies

Library references

bullNational Building Codes

bullGreen Households Domestic consumers

environment and sustainability

bullSustainable design practice

bullModern architecture

bullGaia House Design

bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy

Charles chorea and Raj

Reval

bullIntach library

Net references

bullWikipediacom

bullGooglecoin

bullDDA website

bullWHO living

standards

Case studies

bullResidences in old

Delhi

bullOther

contemporary

houses in

surrounding

houses

References

Page 38: Dessertation ii sem [autosaved]

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 38

Objectives

bull To facilitate the incorporation of affordable housing in residential and mixed-use developments

bull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing in locations with easy accessto shops transport and government

and community servicesbull To ensure appropriate car parking provision for household requirementsbull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing through management and

ownership considerations

Diversity of affordable

housing

The affordable housingdevelopment provides

bull one two andor three-bedroom dwelling typesandor

bull apartments

Car parking

Car parking provision isappropriate for site location andhousehold requirements and isprovided on the site

Location of affordable

housing

Affordable housing is locatedclose to or has easy access toshops employment transportand government and communityservices

PROVISION AND LOCATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 39

Objectives

Integrating affordable housing

Affordable housing is integrated into new residential and mixed-usedevelopments where it is not a stand-alone development on its own site

Suggested responses

INTEGRATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 40Transforming Shelters-A journey of affordable Luxury

40

Objectives

bull To ensure site planning and related design responses facilitate good housingoutcomes

PrivacyDwellings are designed toacknowledge the differentrequirements for privacy andcontrol in the transition1) from public spaces2) through the privately controlledbut publicly visibleor semi-private shared space tothe dwelling entry and3) onto its private open space

Addressing public space

A dwelling adjacent to a streetor park addresses themfunctionally and visually (Onlarge sites communal openspaces are the equivalent of apublic park)

Privacy within the development

Development does notsignificantly reduce privacy anddaylight to private open spaces

Legibility of accessAccess to and sense of entry to adwelling fronting a street or aninternal path network is clearand unambiguous

SITE PLANNING OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 41

41

External circulationExternal pathways serving anindividual dwelling or multiples ofdwellings within a developmentare designed to suit the needs andvolume of intended occupantsand users

Carparking and streetpresentation

The street frontage of thedevelopment is not dominatedby car parking areas orstructures rubbish binenclosures and utility structures

Planting

Landscaping forms an integralcomponent of the designof the development

Territoriality

bull To aid the control of externalspaces by immediatelyadjacent households theterritorial boundaries of thesespaces are clearly delineated

bull Access by the general publicthrough the site is preventedand if this is unachievable thepath should be treated like apublic realm area

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 42

Objectives

bull To facilitate the provision of comfortable pleasant safe efficient and cost-effective accommodation for the intended occupants of affordable housing

bull To facilitate the incorporation of adaptable housing design principles inaffordable housing

All dwelling types are providedwith an appropriately located andfunctional arearsquos like

External entry areas

Internal entry areas

Livingdining areas

Kitchens

Bathrooms

Hallways

Bedrooms

Storage Area

Clothes Drying

Stairs and lifts( as per

NBC)

Open space

Security Adaptable housing

DESIGN OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 43

Every room intended for human habitation shall abut on aninterior or exterior open space or an open VERANDAH open tosuch interior or exterior open space

SKETCH FOR EXAMPLECONTRARY IMAGE FOUND IN SURVEY

For streets less than 75 m in width the distance of the building (building line) shall beat least 5 m from the centre line of the street

FRONT OPEN SPACES

OPEN SPACES WITHIN A PLOT

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 44

44

Residential and Commercial Zones

In any layout or sub-division of land measuring 03 hectare of

more in residential and commercial zones the community open

spaces shall be reserved for recreational purposes which shall as

far as possible be provided in one place or planned out for the

use of the community in clusters or pockets

The community open spaces shall be provided catering to the

needs of area of layout population for which the layout is

planned and the category of dwelling units The following

minimum provision shall be made

a) 15 percent of the area of the layout or

b) 03 to 04rsquo ha1 000 persons for low income housing the open

spaces shall be 03 ha1 000 persons

No recreational space shall generally be less than 450 sqm

the building line shall beat least 3 m away from the boundary of

recreational open space

Community open spaces and amenities

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 45

Width of Means of Access

The residential plots shall abut

on a public means of access

like street-oad Plots which do

not abut on a streethoad shall

abuthont on a means of access

the width and other

requirements of which shall be

as given in Table 1

In no case development on plots shall be permitted unless it is accessible by a public street of width not less than 6 m

MEANS OF ACCESS

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 46

In the case of special housing schemes for low income group

and economically weaker section of society developed up to two

storied row cluster housing scheme the pedestrian pathway

width shall be 3 m subject to provisions of 94l(a) The

pedestrian pathway shall not serve more than 8 plots on each

side of the pathway the length of the pathway shall be not more

than 50 m

No mention of plot sizehelliplarge plots sub-divided and the norm fails

Distance from Electric LinesNo VERANDAH balcony or the like shall be allowed to beerected or re-erected or any additions or alterations made to abuilding within the distances quoted below in accordance withthe current Indian Electricity Rules as amended from time-to-time between the building and any overhead electric supplyline

MEANS OF ACCESS-Cntd

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 47

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 48

Plot SizeThe minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75 percent shall not be less than 40 sqm in small and medium town and not less than 30 sqm in metropolitan cities Plot sizes below 30 sqm but not less than 15 sqm may be permitted in case of cluster planning however in such cases the ground coverage and FSI shall be 100 percent and 2 percent respectively

NOTES1 In exceptional cases in metropolitan cities with population more than 1 million the size of plots may be brought down to 25 sqm in cases of low income housing colonies located in congested areas as decided by the Authority In mega-cities it may be further reduced to 15 m2 In such cases where plot size is below 25 sqm only cluster planning or group housing may be adopted

2 A minimum of 25 percent of the plot size shall be left open without adversely affecting light and ventilation for habitable spaces and toilet It shall not be made mandatory to leave set back on any side

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 49

Vehicular AccessA right of way of at least 6 m width should be provided up to theentrance to the cluster to facilitate emergency vehicle movement up tocluster

DensityCluster planning methodologies result in higher densities with low risestructures With per dwelling unit covered area of 15 sqm densities of500 dwelling units per hectare (net) shall be permissible Densitieshigher than this should not allowed

Group ToiletCluster housing for economically weaker section families can havegroup toilets at the rate of one water closet one bath and a washingplace for three families

Size of RoomHabitable RoomEvery dwelling unit to be provided should have at least two habitable rooms Even if one room house is provided initially it should be capable of adding a new second room in future However in case single room tenements are required to be provided where future additions are not possible the carpet area of multipurpose single room should be at least 125 m2Such one room dwelling units with 125 m2 carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case of on site rehabilitation of slum dwellers In a house of two rooms first room shall not be less than 90 m2 with minimum width of 25 m and second room shall not be less than 65 m2 with minimum width of 21 m provided the total area of both the rooms is not less than 155 m2 In incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room

SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF CLUSTER PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 51

Life style

Affordability

Social Classification

Life style

SALARY CLASS

BUSINESS CLASS

BOTH WORKING

JOINT FAMILY

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52

Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi

Zone ndashF

a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)

LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53

The component method of design provides a broad frame work for

achieving the described life style objectives

HOUSING COMPONENT

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59

the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60

Desired outcomes Suggested responses

One two and three-bedroom

dwellings

One two and three-bedroom affordable

housing

dwelling types provide rooms of

sufficient dimensions to support the

safe comfortable and convenient use of

and movement around furniture

facilities and fittings needed by

householders

Studio apartments

Studio apartment rooms provide

adequate space for the function of

individual units including

bull sleeping living dining and kitchen

areas and

bull adequate bathroom laundry and

clothes dryingfacilities

Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table

Studio apartments generally conform to a

minimum

gross floor area of 30m2

The room sizes generally conform to the

following table

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61

Afordability Survey and Analysis

Category

Sample

Income group

Current status

Current Facilities Wishlist

Affordable EMI Analysis

Low

Inco

me

Gro

up

case

-1

A small 2BHK unit

of approx

35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs

lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)

4000

Rentedcommon washrooms

separate washroom

1500 PM no privacy Privacy

Mid

dle

Cla

ss

case

-1

10000-35000

Single 2BHK Family 2bhk

A Good 23BHK unit of approx

100 sqyard in range of

18-25 lacs

Rented Good location 7000

11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry

Bigger balcony

More natural light

Bigger Bedrooms

Good storage Space

case

-2

10000-35000

Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms

RentedBigger living area

7000 PM Good height 10000

Minimum shafts

small kitchenlaundry

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62

EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT

AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1

Category - EWS

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR

CASE -2

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35

CASE -3

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE

5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25

35

40

25

30

1060

30

1060

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63

63

AREA -DAYANAND COLONY

CASE -1

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

1010

30

50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65

GENERAL PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68

NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69

SPACE RELATIONSHIP

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71

Approach for investigating

affordable housing

Knowledge about future

house

Knowledge about present

house

Knowledge about Family

Payment Method

Preferred Area

PreferredLocation

Affordability

TypologicalPreferences

SpacePreferences

Location winNeighborhood

AdvantagesDis

Home TypeOwnershipStatus

Location

NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces

Degree ofSatisfaction

Income level

No of Family Members

EducationalLevel

(husbandwife)

Work Sector

No of Cars

Domestic Labor

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

72

AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

10

10

30

50

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

73

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

74

Conclusion

While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are

increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as

televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While

we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an

auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living

in a slum-like dwelling

It is understandable that economic

growth leads to rise in income but this

has led to even faster rise in property

prices leaving it unaffordable for majority

of population Affordable housing is

expected to have a positive by improving

basic quality of life Problems like traffic

congestion air quality commute times

etc can be resolved by providing proper

housing facilities to the weaker sections

of the society While the concept of

affordable housing seems to be a simple

solution to current housing woes its

execution remains complicated due to the

unclear policy framework To make

affordable housing work in India it would

require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by

slightly adjusting their interests towards a

wider social cause

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

75

Land use planning and

development

The project of the poor

Development standards

Land supply

Land value

Land affordability

Subdivision

Land market

Allocation

Demand

Intervention rationale

Neo liberalism

Site and Service

Subdivision

Land policy

Efficiency and equity

Land management

Direct intervention world

bank

Learning by doing

Site and service

subdivision

Poverty alleviation

Suitability and

acceptability

Affordability standards

subdivision

Intervention usually takes three broad categories

bull planning regulations

bull direct government investments and

bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation

Land management improvements

Example Land Readjustment

direct public investment

Example land banking

Example Site-and-Service

OBJECTIVES

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at

1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on

rental or ownership basis

2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter

options especially to the vulnerable groups

and the poor

3 Ensuring that housing along with the

supporting services is treated as a priority and

at par with infrastructure sector

4 Removing barriers related to legal financial

and administrative for facilitating access to

land finance and technology

5 Forging strong partnership between private

public and cooperative sectors to enhance the

capacity of the construction industry to

participate in every sphere of housing and

habitat

6 Using technology for modernizing the

housing sector to increase efficiency

productivity energy efficiency and quality

7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions

and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for

adding to the housing stock

THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including

formulation of effective

foreclosure laws

bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of

resources to the

housing and infrastructure sector

bull Develop a debt market for housing and

infrastructure fully integrated

with the financial markets in the country

bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the

requirement of low cost funds

for the housing needs of the poor

bull Promote research and development and transfer of

technology for

construction of houses

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available

resources to promote development and growth in a

sustained manner

bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing

infrastructure innovative and energy saving

construction materials and methods and also set up

a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the

concessions are correctly targeted and utilized

bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological

standards to protect the environment and provide a

better quality of life in human settlements

bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage

market

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD

1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a

boost to housing and supporting infrastructure

2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in

undertaking housing construction for all segments in

urban and rural areas

3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to

land

4 Facilitate training of construction workers by

converging other development programs through

building centers and other agencies

5 Promote decentralized production and availability of

building material

6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their

responsibilities in regulatory and development

functions

THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare

District Housing Action Plans for rural areas

2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and

augment supply of land for housing particularly

for the vulnerable group

3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural

infrastructure services

4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for

planned development

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE

COMPANIES WOULD

1 Redefine their role and move away from their

traditional approach to housing finance

2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the

needs of people

3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to

those who are in dire need of housing finance

support

4 Mobilize resources from provident funds

insurance funds mutual funds etc For house

building activities

5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize

domestic savings

HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS

DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND

OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role

for facilitating land assembly and development of

infrastructure

2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and

cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient

manner

3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement

THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND

CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD

1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of

houses and development of amenities

2 Forge partnership with state governments and local

authorities for construction of houses

3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out

schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization

basis

RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

ORGANIZATIONS WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw

materials

2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace

them with renewable resources

3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by

various public and private construction agencies

4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and

construction methods

5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the

housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste

based energy

6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new

constructions as well as strengthening of existing

houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and

human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes

cyclones and floods

7 Disseminate (spread) information about new

technologies and provide training to construction

workers in the use of new technologies

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

84

Role of PPP in Affordable Housing

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

85

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

86

JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance

No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million

No of Houses under Progress 0265 million

Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores

(BSUP+IHSDP)

997

achieved

Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of

Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline

Target of 27 cities

27 cities

achieved

Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of

developed land for EWSLIG Timeline

Target of 16 cities

16 cities

achieved

The JNNURM Initiative

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

87

i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP

ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath

iii Vector-free housing layout

iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces

v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and

vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness

Inclusive Planning amp Architecture

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

88

Recommendations

bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100

ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households

ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs

ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment

ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure

ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by

ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and

conversion of agricultural lands for urban use

ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for

making a proper assessment of land

requirements and allocation of such lands for

different uses

ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

89

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

90

Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

91

Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels

Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

92

SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66

References

Inferences

Books

Internet

Case Studies

Library references

bullNational Building Codes

bullGreen Households Domestic consumers

environment and sustainability

bullSustainable design practice

bullModern architecture

bullGaia House Design

bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy

Charles chorea and Raj

Reval

bullIntach library

Net references

bullWikipediacom

bullGooglecoin

bullDDA website

bullWHO living

standards

Case studies

bullResidences in old

Delhi

bullOther

contemporary

houses in

surrounding

houses

References

Page 39: Dessertation ii sem [autosaved]

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 39

Objectives

Integrating affordable housing

Affordable housing is integrated into new residential and mixed-usedevelopments where it is not a stand-alone development on its own site

Suggested responses

INTEGRATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 40Transforming Shelters-A journey of affordable Luxury

40

Objectives

bull To ensure site planning and related design responses facilitate good housingoutcomes

PrivacyDwellings are designed toacknowledge the differentrequirements for privacy andcontrol in the transition1) from public spaces2) through the privately controlledbut publicly visibleor semi-private shared space tothe dwelling entry and3) onto its private open space

Addressing public space

A dwelling adjacent to a streetor park addresses themfunctionally and visually (Onlarge sites communal openspaces are the equivalent of apublic park)

Privacy within the development

Development does notsignificantly reduce privacy anddaylight to private open spaces

Legibility of accessAccess to and sense of entry to adwelling fronting a street or aninternal path network is clearand unambiguous

SITE PLANNING OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 41

41

External circulationExternal pathways serving anindividual dwelling or multiples ofdwellings within a developmentare designed to suit the needs andvolume of intended occupantsand users

Carparking and streetpresentation

The street frontage of thedevelopment is not dominatedby car parking areas orstructures rubbish binenclosures and utility structures

Planting

Landscaping forms an integralcomponent of the designof the development

Territoriality

bull To aid the control of externalspaces by immediatelyadjacent households theterritorial boundaries of thesespaces are clearly delineated

bull Access by the general publicthrough the site is preventedand if this is unachievable thepath should be treated like apublic realm area

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 42

Objectives

bull To facilitate the provision of comfortable pleasant safe efficient and cost-effective accommodation for the intended occupants of affordable housing

bull To facilitate the incorporation of adaptable housing design principles inaffordable housing

All dwelling types are providedwith an appropriately located andfunctional arearsquos like

External entry areas

Internal entry areas

Livingdining areas

Kitchens

Bathrooms

Hallways

Bedrooms

Storage Area

Clothes Drying

Stairs and lifts( as per

NBC)

Open space

Security Adaptable housing

DESIGN OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 43

Every room intended for human habitation shall abut on aninterior or exterior open space or an open VERANDAH open tosuch interior or exterior open space

SKETCH FOR EXAMPLECONTRARY IMAGE FOUND IN SURVEY

For streets less than 75 m in width the distance of the building (building line) shall beat least 5 m from the centre line of the street

FRONT OPEN SPACES

OPEN SPACES WITHIN A PLOT

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 44

44

Residential and Commercial Zones

In any layout or sub-division of land measuring 03 hectare of

more in residential and commercial zones the community open

spaces shall be reserved for recreational purposes which shall as

far as possible be provided in one place or planned out for the

use of the community in clusters or pockets

The community open spaces shall be provided catering to the

needs of area of layout population for which the layout is

planned and the category of dwelling units The following

minimum provision shall be made

a) 15 percent of the area of the layout or

b) 03 to 04rsquo ha1 000 persons for low income housing the open

spaces shall be 03 ha1 000 persons

No recreational space shall generally be less than 450 sqm

the building line shall beat least 3 m away from the boundary of

recreational open space

Community open spaces and amenities

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 45

Width of Means of Access

The residential plots shall abut

on a public means of access

like street-oad Plots which do

not abut on a streethoad shall

abuthont on a means of access

the width and other

requirements of which shall be

as given in Table 1

In no case development on plots shall be permitted unless it is accessible by a public street of width not less than 6 m

MEANS OF ACCESS

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 46

In the case of special housing schemes for low income group

and economically weaker section of society developed up to two

storied row cluster housing scheme the pedestrian pathway

width shall be 3 m subject to provisions of 94l(a) The

pedestrian pathway shall not serve more than 8 plots on each

side of the pathway the length of the pathway shall be not more

than 50 m

No mention of plot sizehelliplarge plots sub-divided and the norm fails

Distance from Electric LinesNo VERANDAH balcony or the like shall be allowed to beerected or re-erected or any additions or alterations made to abuilding within the distances quoted below in accordance withthe current Indian Electricity Rules as amended from time-to-time between the building and any overhead electric supplyline

MEANS OF ACCESS-Cntd

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 47

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 48

Plot SizeThe minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75 percent shall not be less than 40 sqm in small and medium town and not less than 30 sqm in metropolitan cities Plot sizes below 30 sqm but not less than 15 sqm may be permitted in case of cluster planning however in such cases the ground coverage and FSI shall be 100 percent and 2 percent respectively

NOTES1 In exceptional cases in metropolitan cities with population more than 1 million the size of plots may be brought down to 25 sqm in cases of low income housing colonies located in congested areas as decided by the Authority In mega-cities it may be further reduced to 15 m2 In such cases where plot size is below 25 sqm only cluster planning or group housing may be adopted

2 A minimum of 25 percent of the plot size shall be left open without adversely affecting light and ventilation for habitable spaces and toilet It shall not be made mandatory to leave set back on any side

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 49

Vehicular AccessA right of way of at least 6 m width should be provided up to theentrance to the cluster to facilitate emergency vehicle movement up tocluster

DensityCluster planning methodologies result in higher densities with low risestructures With per dwelling unit covered area of 15 sqm densities of500 dwelling units per hectare (net) shall be permissible Densitieshigher than this should not allowed

Group ToiletCluster housing for economically weaker section families can havegroup toilets at the rate of one water closet one bath and a washingplace for three families

Size of RoomHabitable RoomEvery dwelling unit to be provided should have at least two habitable rooms Even if one room house is provided initially it should be capable of adding a new second room in future However in case single room tenements are required to be provided where future additions are not possible the carpet area of multipurpose single room should be at least 125 m2Such one room dwelling units with 125 m2 carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case of on site rehabilitation of slum dwellers In a house of two rooms first room shall not be less than 90 m2 with minimum width of 25 m and second room shall not be less than 65 m2 with minimum width of 21 m provided the total area of both the rooms is not less than 155 m2 In incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room

SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF CLUSTER PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 51

Life style

Affordability

Social Classification

Life style

SALARY CLASS

BUSINESS CLASS

BOTH WORKING

JOINT FAMILY

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52

Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi

Zone ndashF

a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)

LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53

The component method of design provides a broad frame work for

achieving the described life style objectives

HOUSING COMPONENT

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59

the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60

Desired outcomes Suggested responses

One two and three-bedroom

dwellings

One two and three-bedroom affordable

housing

dwelling types provide rooms of

sufficient dimensions to support the

safe comfortable and convenient use of

and movement around furniture

facilities and fittings needed by

householders

Studio apartments

Studio apartment rooms provide

adequate space for the function of

individual units including

bull sleeping living dining and kitchen

areas and

bull adequate bathroom laundry and

clothes dryingfacilities

Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table

Studio apartments generally conform to a

minimum

gross floor area of 30m2

The room sizes generally conform to the

following table

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61

Afordability Survey and Analysis

Category

Sample

Income group

Current status

Current Facilities Wishlist

Affordable EMI Analysis

Low

Inco

me

Gro

up

case

-1

A small 2BHK unit

of approx

35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs

lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)

4000

Rentedcommon washrooms

separate washroom

1500 PM no privacy Privacy

Mid

dle

Cla

ss

case

-1

10000-35000

Single 2BHK Family 2bhk

A Good 23BHK unit of approx

100 sqyard in range of

18-25 lacs

Rented Good location 7000

11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry

Bigger balcony

More natural light

Bigger Bedrooms

Good storage Space

case

-2

10000-35000

Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms

RentedBigger living area

7000 PM Good height 10000

Minimum shafts

small kitchenlaundry

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62

EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT

AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1

Category - EWS

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR

CASE -2

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35

CASE -3

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE

5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25

35

40

25

30

1060

30

1060

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63

63

AREA -DAYANAND COLONY

CASE -1

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

1010

30

50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65

GENERAL PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68

NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69

SPACE RELATIONSHIP

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71

Approach for investigating

affordable housing

Knowledge about future

house

Knowledge about present

house

Knowledge about Family

Payment Method

Preferred Area

PreferredLocation

Affordability

TypologicalPreferences

SpacePreferences

Location winNeighborhood

AdvantagesDis

Home TypeOwnershipStatus

Location

NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces

Degree ofSatisfaction

Income level

No of Family Members

EducationalLevel

(husbandwife)

Work Sector

No of Cars

Domestic Labor

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

72

AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

10

10

30

50

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

73

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

74

Conclusion

While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are

increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as

televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While

we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an

auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living

in a slum-like dwelling

It is understandable that economic

growth leads to rise in income but this

has led to even faster rise in property

prices leaving it unaffordable for majority

of population Affordable housing is

expected to have a positive by improving

basic quality of life Problems like traffic

congestion air quality commute times

etc can be resolved by providing proper

housing facilities to the weaker sections

of the society While the concept of

affordable housing seems to be a simple

solution to current housing woes its

execution remains complicated due to the

unclear policy framework To make

affordable housing work in India it would

require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by

slightly adjusting their interests towards a

wider social cause

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

75

Land use planning and

development

The project of the poor

Development standards

Land supply

Land value

Land affordability

Subdivision

Land market

Allocation

Demand

Intervention rationale

Neo liberalism

Site and Service

Subdivision

Land policy

Efficiency and equity

Land management

Direct intervention world

bank

Learning by doing

Site and service

subdivision

Poverty alleviation

Suitability and

acceptability

Affordability standards

subdivision

Intervention usually takes three broad categories

bull planning regulations

bull direct government investments and

bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation

Land management improvements

Example Land Readjustment

direct public investment

Example land banking

Example Site-and-Service

OBJECTIVES

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at

1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on

rental or ownership basis

2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter

options especially to the vulnerable groups

and the poor

3 Ensuring that housing along with the

supporting services is treated as a priority and

at par with infrastructure sector

4 Removing barriers related to legal financial

and administrative for facilitating access to

land finance and technology

5 Forging strong partnership between private

public and cooperative sectors to enhance the

capacity of the construction industry to

participate in every sphere of housing and

habitat

6 Using technology for modernizing the

housing sector to increase efficiency

productivity energy efficiency and quality

7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions

and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for

adding to the housing stock

THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including

formulation of effective

foreclosure laws

bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of

resources to the

housing and infrastructure sector

bull Develop a debt market for housing and

infrastructure fully integrated

with the financial markets in the country

bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the

requirement of low cost funds

for the housing needs of the poor

bull Promote research and development and transfer of

technology for

construction of houses

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available

resources to promote development and growth in a

sustained manner

bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing

infrastructure innovative and energy saving

construction materials and methods and also set up

a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the

concessions are correctly targeted and utilized

bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological

standards to protect the environment and provide a

better quality of life in human settlements

bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage

market

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD

1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a

boost to housing and supporting infrastructure

2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in

undertaking housing construction for all segments in

urban and rural areas

3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to

land

4 Facilitate training of construction workers by

converging other development programs through

building centers and other agencies

5 Promote decentralized production and availability of

building material

6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their

responsibilities in regulatory and development

functions

THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare

District Housing Action Plans for rural areas

2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and

augment supply of land for housing particularly

for the vulnerable group

3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural

infrastructure services

4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for

planned development

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE

COMPANIES WOULD

1 Redefine their role and move away from their

traditional approach to housing finance

2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the

needs of people

3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to

those who are in dire need of housing finance

support

4 Mobilize resources from provident funds

insurance funds mutual funds etc For house

building activities

5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize

domestic savings

HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS

DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND

OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role

for facilitating land assembly and development of

infrastructure

2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and

cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient

manner

3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement

THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND

CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD

1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of

houses and development of amenities

2 Forge partnership with state governments and local

authorities for construction of houses

3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out

schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization

basis

RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

ORGANIZATIONS WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw

materials

2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace

them with renewable resources

3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by

various public and private construction agencies

4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and

construction methods

5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the

housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste

based energy

6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new

constructions as well as strengthening of existing

houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and

human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes

cyclones and floods

7 Disseminate (spread) information about new

technologies and provide training to construction

workers in the use of new technologies

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

84

Role of PPP in Affordable Housing

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

85

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

86

JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance

No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million

No of Houses under Progress 0265 million

Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores

(BSUP+IHSDP)

997

achieved

Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of

Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline

Target of 27 cities

27 cities

achieved

Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of

developed land for EWSLIG Timeline

Target of 16 cities

16 cities

achieved

The JNNURM Initiative

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

87

i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP

ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath

iii Vector-free housing layout

iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces

v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and

vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness

Inclusive Planning amp Architecture

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

88

Recommendations

bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100

ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households

ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs

ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment

ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure

ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by

ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and

conversion of agricultural lands for urban use

ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for

making a proper assessment of land

requirements and allocation of such lands for

different uses

ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

89

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

90

Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

91

Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels

Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

92

SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66

References

Inferences

Books

Internet

Case Studies

Library references

bullNational Building Codes

bullGreen Households Domestic consumers

environment and sustainability

bullSustainable design practice

bullModern architecture

bullGaia House Design

bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy

Charles chorea and Raj

Reval

bullIntach library

Net references

bullWikipediacom

bullGooglecoin

bullDDA website

bullWHO living

standards

Case studies

bullResidences in old

Delhi

bullOther

contemporary

houses in

surrounding

houses

References

Page 40: Dessertation ii sem [autosaved]

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 40Transforming Shelters-A journey of affordable Luxury

40

Objectives

bull To ensure site planning and related design responses facilitate good housingoutcomes

PrivacyDwellings are designed toacknowledge the differentrequirements for privacy andcontrol in the transition1) from public spaces2) through the privately controlledbut publicly visibleor semi-private shared space tothe dwelling entry and3) onto its private open space

Addressing public space

A dwelling adjacent to a streetor park addresses themfunctionally and visually (Onlarge sites communal openspaces are the equivalent of apublic park)

Privacy within the development

Development does notsignificantly reduce privacy anddaylight to private open spaces

Legibility of accessAccess to and sense of entry to adwelling fronting a street or aninternal path network is clearand unambiguous

SITE PLANNING OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 41

41

External circulationExternal pathways serving anindividual dwelling or multiples ofdwellings within a developmentare designed to suit the needs andvolume of intended occupantsand users

Carparking and streetpresentation

The street frontage of thedevelopment is not dominatedby car parking areas orstructures rubbish binenclosures and utility structures

Planting

Landscaping forms an integralcomponent of the designof the development

Territoriality

bull To aid the control of externalspaces by immediatelyadjacent households theterritorial boundaries of thesespaces are clearly delineated

bull Access by the general publicthrough the site is preventedand if this is unachievable thepath should be treated like apublic realm area

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 42

Objectives

bull To facilitate the provision of comfortable pleasant safe efficient and cost-effective accommodation for the intended occupants of affordable housing

bull To facilitate the incorporation of adaptable housing design principles inaffordable housing

All dwelling types are providedwith an appropriately located andfunctional arearsquos like

External entry areas

Internal entry areas

Livingdining areas

Kitchens

Bathrooms

Hallways

Bedrooms

Storage Area

Clothes Drying

Stairs and lifts( as per

NBC)

Open space

Security Adaptable housing

DESIGN OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 43

Every room intended for human habitation shall abut on aninterior or exterior open space or an open VERANDAH open tosuch interior or exterior open space

SKETCH FOR EXAMPLECONTRARY IMAGE FOUND IN SURVEY

For streets less than 75 m in width the distance of the building (building line) shall beat least 5 m from the centre line of the street

FRONT OPEN SPACES

OPEN SPACES WITHIN A PLOT

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 44

44

Residential and Commercial Zones

In any layout or sub-division of land measuring 03 hectare of

more in residential and commercial zones the community open

spaces shall be reserved for recreational purposes which shall as

far as possible be provided in one place or planned out for the

use of the community in clusters or pockets

The community open spaces shall be provided catering to the

needs of area of layout population for which the layout is

planned and the category of dwelling units The following

minimum provision shall be made

a) 15 percent of the area of the layout or

b) 03 to 04rsquo ha1 000 persons for low income housing the open

spaces shall be 03 ha1 000 persons

No recreational space shall generally be less than 450 sqm

the building line shall beat least 3 m away from the boundary of

recreational open space

Community open spaces and amenities

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 45

Width of Means of Access

The residential plots shall abut

on a public means of access

like street-oad Plots which do

not abut on a streethoad shall

abuthont on a means of access

the width and other

requirements of which shall be

as given in Table 1

In no case development on plots shall be permitted unless it is accessible by a public street of width not less than 6 m

MEANS OF ACCESS

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 46

In the case of special housing schemes for low income group

and economically weaker section of society developed up to two

storied row cluster housing scheme the pedestrian pathway

width shall be 3 m subject to provisions of 94l(a) The

pedestrian pathway shall not serve more than 8 plots on each

side of the pathway the length of the pathway shall be not more

than 50 m

No mention of plot sizehelliplarge plots sub-divided and the norm fails

Distance from Electric LinesNo VERANDAH balcony or the like shall be allowed to beerected or re-erected or any additions or alterations made to abuilding within the distances quoted below in accordance withthe current Indian Electricity Rules as amended from time-to-time between the building and any overhead electric supplyline

MEANS OF ACCESS-Cntd

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 47

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 48

Plot SizeThe minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75 percent shall not be less than 40 sqm in small and medium town and not less than 30 sqm in metropolitan cities Plot sizes below 30 sqm but not less than 15 sqm may be permitted in case of cluster planning however in such cases the ground coverage and FSI shall be 100 percent and 2 percent respectively

NOTES1 In exceptional cases in metropolitan cities with population more than 1 million the size of plots may be brought down to 25 sqm in cases of low income housing colonies located in congested areas as decided by the Authority In mega-cities it may be further reduced to 15 m2 In such cases where plot size is below 25 sqm only cluster planning or group housing may be adopted

2 A minimum of 25 percent of the plot size shall be left open without adversely affecting light and ventilation for habitable spaces and toilet It shall not be made mandatory to leave set back on any side

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 49

Vehicular AccessA right of way of at least 6 m width should be provided up to theentrance to the cluster to facilitate emergency vehicle movement up tocluster

DensityCluster planning methodologies result in higher densities with low risestructures With per dwelling unit covered area of 15 sqm densities of500 dwelling units per hectare (net) shall be permissible Densitieshigher than this should not allowed

Group ToiletCluster housing for economically weaker section families can havegroup toilets at the rate of one water closet one bath and a washingplace for three families

Size of RoomHabitable RoomEvery dwelling unit to be provided should have at least two habitable rooms Even if one room house is provided initially it should be capable of adding a new second room in future However in case single room tenements are required to be provided where future additions are not possible the carpet area of multipurpose single room should be at least 125 m2Such one room dwelling units with 125 m2 carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case of on site rehabilitation of slum dwellers In a house of two rooms first room shall not be less than 90 m2 with minimum width of 25 m and second room shall not be less than 65 m2 with minimum width of 21 m provided the total area of both the rooms is not less than 155 m2 In incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room

SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF CLUSTER PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 51

Life style

Affordability

Social Classification

Life style

SALARY CLASS

BUSINESS CLASS

BOTH WORKING

JOINT FAMILY

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52

Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi

Zone ndashF

a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)

LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53

The component method of design provides a broad frame work for

achieving the described life style objectives

HOUSING COMPONENT

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59

the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60

Desired outcomes Suggested responses

One two and three-bedroom

dwellings

One two and three-bedroom affordable

housing

dwelling types provide rooms of

sufficient dimensions to support the

safe comfortable and convenient use of

and movement around furniture

facilities and fittings needed by

householders

Studio apartments

Studio apartment rooms provide

adequate space for the function of

individual units including

bull sleeping living dining and kitchen

areas and

bull adequate bathroom laundry and

clothes dryingfacilities

Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table

Studio apartments generally conform to a

minimum

gross floor area of 30m2

The room sizes generally conform to the

following table

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61

Afordability Survey and Analysis

Category

Sample

Income group

Current status

Current Facilities Wishlist

Affordable EMI Analysis

Low

Inco

me

Gro

up

case

-1

A small 2BHK unit

of approx

35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs

lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)

4000

Rentedcommon washrooms

separate washroom

1500 PM no privacy Privacy

Mid

dle

Cla

ss

case

-1

10000-35000

Single 2BHK Family 2bhk

A Good 23BHK unit of approx

100 sqyard in range of

18-25 lacs

Rented Good location 7000

11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry

Bigger balcony

More natural light

Bigger Bedrooms

Good storage Space

case

-2

10000-35000

Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms

RentedBigger living area

7000 PM Good height 10000

Minimum shafts

small kitchenlaundry

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62

EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT

AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1

Category - EWS

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR

CASE -2

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35

CASE -3

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE

5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25

35

40

25

30

1060

30

1060

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63

63

AREA -DAYANAND COLONY

CASE -1

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

1010

30

50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65

GENERAL PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68

NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69

SPACE RELATIONSHIP

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71

Approach for investigating

affordable housing

Knowledge about future

house

Knowledge about present

house

Knowledge about Family

Payment Method

Preferred Area

PreferredLocation

Affordability

TypologicalPreferences

SpacePreferences

Location winNeighborhood

AdvantagesDis

Home TypeOwnershipStatus

Location

NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces

Degree ofSatisfaction

Income level

No of Family Members

EducationalLevel

(husbandwife)

Work Sector

No of Cars

Domestic Labor

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

72

AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

10

10

30

50

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

73

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

74

Conclusion

While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are

increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as

televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While

we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an

auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living

in a slum-like dwelling

It is understandable that economic

growth leads to rise in income but this

has led to even faster rise in property

prices leaving it unaffordable for majority

of population Affordable housing is

expected to have a positive by improving

basic quality of life Problems like traffic

congestion air quality commute times

etc can be resolved by providing proper

housing facilities to the weaker sections

of the society While the concept of

affordable housing seems to be a simple

solution to current housing woes its

execution remains complicated due to the

unclear policy framework To make

affordable housing work in India it would

require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by

slightly adjusting their interests towards a

wider social cause

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

75

Land use planning and

development

The project of the poor

Development standards

Land supply

Land value

Land affordability

Subdivision

Land market

Allocation

Demand

Intervention rationale

Neo liberalism

Site and Service

Subdivision

Land policy

Efficiency and equity

Land management

Direct intervention world

bank

Learning by doing

Site and service

subdivision

Poverty alleviation

Suitability and

acceptability

Affordability standards

subdivision

Intervention usually takes three broad categories

bull planning regulations

bull direct government investments and

bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation

Land management improvements

Example Land Readjustment

direct public investment

Example land banking

Example Site-and-Service

OBJECTIVES

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at

1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on

rental or ownership basis

2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter

options especially to the vulnerable groups

and the poor

3 Ensuring that housing along with the

supporting services is treated as a priority and

at par with infrastructure sector

4 Removing barriers related to legal financial

and administrative for facilitating access to

land finance and technology

5 Forging strong partnership between private

public and cooperative sectors to enhance the

capacity of the construction industry to

participate in every sphere of housing and

habitat

6 Using technology for modernizing the

housing sector to increase efficiency

productivity energy efficiency and quality

7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions

and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for

adding to the housing stock

THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including

formulation of effective

foreclosure laws

bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of

resources to the

housing and infrastructure sector

bull Develop a debt market for housing and

infrastructure fully integrated

with the financial markets in the country

bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the

requirement of low cost funds

for the housing needs of the poor

bull Promote research and development and transfer of

technology for

construction of houses

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available

resources to promote development and growth in a

sustained manner

bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing

infrastructure innovative and energy saving

construction materials and methods and also set up

a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the

concessions are correctly targeted and utilized

bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological

standards to protect the environment and provide a

better quality of life in human settlements

bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage

market

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD

1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a

boost to housing and supporting infrastructure

2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in

undertaking housing construction for all segments in

urban and rural areas

3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to

land

4 Facilitate training of construction workers by

converging other development programs through

building centers and other agencies

5 Promote decentralized production and availability of

building material

6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their

responsibilities in regulatory and development

functions

THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare

District Housing Action Plans for rural areas

2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and

augment supply of land for housing particularly

for the vulnerable group

3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural

infrastructure services

4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for

planned development

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE

COMPANIES WOULD

1 Redefine their role and move away from their

traditional approach to housing finance

2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the

needs of people

3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to

those who are in dire need of housing finance

support

4 Mobilize resources from provident funds

insurance funds mutual funds etc For house

building activities

5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize

domestic savings

HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS

DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND

OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role

for facilitating land assembly and development of

infrastructure

2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and

cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient

manner

3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement

THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND

CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD

1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of

houses and development of amenities

2 Forge partnership with state governments and local

authorities for construction of houses

3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out

schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization

basis

RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

ORGANIZATIONS WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw

materials

2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace

them with renewable resources

3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by

various public and private construction agencies

4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and

construction methods

5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the

housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste

based energy

6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new

constructions as well as strengthening of existing

houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and

human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes

cyclones and floods

7 Disseminate (spread) information about new

technologies and provide training to construction

workers in the use of new technologies

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

84

Role of PPP in Affordable Housing

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

85

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

86

JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance

No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million

No of Houses under Progress 0265 million

Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores

(BSUP+IHSDP)

997

achieved

Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of

Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline

Target of 27 cities

27 cities

achieved

Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of

developed land for EWSLIG Timeline

Target of 16 cities

16 cities

achieved

The JNNURM Initiative

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

87

i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP

ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath

iii Vector-free housing layout

iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces

v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and

vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness

Inclusive Planning amp Architecture

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

88

Recommendations

bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100

ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households

ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs

ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment

ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure

ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by

ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and

conversion of agricultural lands for urban use

ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for

making a proper assessment of land

requirements and allocation of such lands for

different uses

ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

89

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

90

Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

91

Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels

Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

92

SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66

References

Inferences

Books

Internet

Case Studies

Library references

bullNational Building Codes

bullGreen Households Domestic consumers

environment and sustainability

bullSustainable design practice

bullModern architecture

bullGaia House Design

bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy

Charles chorea and Raj

Reval

bullIntach library

Net references

bullWikipediacom

bullGooglecoin

bullDDA website

bullWHO living

standards

Case studies

bullResidences in old

Delhi

bullOther

contemporary

houses in

surrounding

houses

References

Page 41: Dessertation ii sem [autosaved]

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 41

41

External circulationExternal pathways serving anindividual dwelling or multiples ofdwellings within a developmentare designed to suit the needs andvolume of intended occupantsand users

Carparking and streetpresentation

The street frontage of thedevelopment is not dominatedby car parking areas orstructures rubbish binenclosures and utility structures

Planting

Landscaping forms an integralcomponent of the designof the development

Territoriality

bull To aid the control of externalspaces by immediatelyadjacent households theterritorial boundaries of thesespaces are clearly delineated

bull Access by the general publicthrough the site is preventedand if this is unachievable thepath should be treated like apublic realm area

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 42

Objectives

bull To facilitate the provision of comfortable pleasant safe efficient and cost-effective accommodation for the intended occupants of affordable housing

bull To facilitate the incorporation of adaptable housing design principles inaffordable housing

All dwelling types are providedwith an appropriately located andfunctional arearsquos like

External entry areas

Internal entry areas

Livingdining areas

Kitchens

Bathrooms

Hallways

Bedrooms

Storage Area

Clothes Drying

Stairs and lifts( as per

NBC)

Open space

Security Adaptable housing

DESIGN OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 43

Every room intended for human habitation shall abut on aninterior or exterior open space or an open VERANDAH open tosuch interior or exterior open space

SKETCH FOR EXAMPLECONTRARY IMAGE FOUND IN SURVEY

For streets less than 75 m in width the distance of the building (building line) shall beat least 5 m from the centre line of the street

FRONT OPEN SPACES

OPEN SPACES WITHIN A PLOT

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 44

44

Residential and Commercial Zones

In any layout or sub-division of land measuring 03 hectare of

more in residential and commercial zones the community open

spaces shall be reserved for recreational purposes which shall as

far as possible be provided in one place or planned out for the

use of the community in clusters or pockets

The community open spaces shall be provided catering to the

needs of area of layout population for which the layout is

planned and the category of dwelling units The following

minimum provision shall be made

a) 15 percent of the area of the layout or

b) 03 to 04rsquo ha1 000 persons for low income housing the open

spaces shall be 03 ha1 000 persons

No recreational space shall generally be less than 450 sqm

the building line shall beat least 3 m away from the boundary of

recreational open space

Community open spaces and amenities

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 45

Width of Means of Access

The residential plots shall abut

on a public means of access

like street-oad Plots which do

not abut on a streethoad shall

abuthont on a means of access

the width and other

requirements of which shall be

as given in Table 1

In no case development on plots shall be permitted unless it is accessible by a public street of width not less than 6 m

MEANS OF ACCESS

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 46

In the case of special housing schemes for low income group

and economically weaker section of society developed up to two

storied row cluster housing scheme the pedestrian pathway

width shall be 3 m subject to provisions of 94l(a) The

pedestrian pathway shall not serve more than 8 plots on each

side of the pathway the length of the pathway shall be not more

than 50 m

No mention of plot sizehelliplarge plots sub-divided and the norm fails

Distance from Electric LinesNo VERANDAH balcony or the like shall be allowed to beerected or re-erected or any additions or alterations made to abuilding within the distances quoted below in accordance withthe current Indian Electricity Rules as amended from time-to-time between the building and any overhead electric supplyline

MEANS OF ACCESS-Cntd

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 47

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 48

Plot SizeThe minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75 percent shall not be less than 40 sqm in small and medium town and not less than 30 sqm in metropolitan cities Plot sizes below 30 sqm but not less than 15 sqm may be permitted in case of cluster planning however in such cases the ground coverage and FSI shall be 100 percent and 2 percent respectively

NOTES1 In exceptional cases in metropolitan cities with population more than 1 million the size of plots may be brought down to 25 sqm in cases of low income housing colonies located in congested areas as decided by the Authority In mega-cities it may be further reduced to 15 m2 In such cases where plot size is below 25 sqm only cluster planning or group housing may be adopted

2 A minimum of 25 percent of the plot size shall be left open without adversely affecting light and ventilation for habitable spaces and toilet It shall not be made mandatory to leave set back on any side

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 49

Vehicular AccessA right of way of at least 6 m width should be provided up to theentrance to the cluster to facilitate emergency vehicle movement up tocluster

DensityCluster planning methodologies result in higher densities with low risestructures With per dwelling unit covered area of 15 sqm densities of500 dwelling units per hectare (net) shall be permissible Densitieshigher than this should not allowed

Group ToiletCluster housing for economically weaker section families can havegroup toilets at the rate of one water closet one bath and a washingplace for three families

Size of RoomHabitable RoomEvery dwelling unit to be provided should have at least two habitable rooms Even if one room house is provided initially it should be capable of adding a new second room in future However in case single room tenements are required to be provided where future additions are not possible the carpet area of multipurpose single room should be at least 125 m2Such one room dwelling units with 125 m2 carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case of on site rehabilitation of slum dwellers In a house of two rooms first room shall not be less than 90 m2 with minimum width of 25 m and second room shall not be less than 65 m2 with minimum width of 21 m provided the total area of both the rooms is not less than 155 m2 In incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room

SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF CLUSTER PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 51

Life style

Affordability

Social Classification

Life style

SALARY CLASS

BUSINESS CLASS

BOTH WORKING

JOINT FAMILY

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52

Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi

Zone ndashF

a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)

LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53

The component method of design provides a broad frame work for

achieving the described life style objectives

HOUSING COMPONENT

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59

the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60

Desired outcomes Suggested responses

One two and three-bedroom

dwellings

One two and three-bedroom affordable

housing

dwelling types provide rooms of

sufficient dimensions to support the

safe comfortable and convenient use of

and movement around furniture

facilities and fittings needed by

householders

Studio apartments

Studio apartment rooms provide

adequate space for the function of

individual units including

bull sleeping living dining and kitchen

areas and

bull adequate bathroom laundry and

clothes dryingfacilities

Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table

Studio apartments generally conform to a

minimum

gross floor area of 30m2

The room sizes generally conform to the

following table

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61

Afordability Survey and Analysis

Category

Sample

Income group

Current status

Current Facilities Wishlist

Affordable EMI Analysis

Low

Inco

me

Gro

up

case

-1

A small 2BHK unit

of approx

35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs

lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)

4000

Rentedcommon washrooms

separate washroom

1500 PM no privacy Privacy

Mid

dle

Cla

ss

case

-1

10000-35000

Single 2BHK Family 2bhk

A Good 23BHK unit of approx

100 sqyard in range of

18-25 lacs

Rented Good location 7000

11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry

Bigger balcony

More natural light

Bigger Bedrooms

Good storage Space

case

-2

10000-35000

Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms

RentedBigger living area

7000 PM Good height 10000

Minimum shafts

small kitchenlaundry

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62

EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT

AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1

Category - EWS

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR

CASE -2

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35

CASE -3

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE

5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25

35

40

25

30

1060

30

1060

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63

63

AREA -DAYANAND COLONY

CASE -1

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

1010

30

50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65

GENERAL PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68

NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69

SPACE RELATIONSHIP

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71

Approach for investigating

affordable housing

Knowledge about future

house

Knowledge about present

house

Knowledge about Family

Payment Method

Preferred Area

PreferredLocation

Affordability

TypologicalPreferences

SpacePreferences

Location winNeighborhood

AdvantagesDis

Home TypeOwnershipStatus

Location

NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces

Degree ofSatisfaction

Income level

No of Family Members

EducationalLevel

(husbandwife)

Work Sector

No of Cars

Domestic Labor

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

72

AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

10

10

30

50

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

73

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

74

Conclusion

While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are

increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as

televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While

we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an

auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living

in a slum-like dwelling

It is understandable that economic

growth leads to rise in income but this

has led to even faster rise in property

prices leaving it unaffordable for majority

of population Affordable housing is

expected to have a positive by improving

basic quality of life Problems like traffic

congestion air quality commute times

etc can be resolved by providing proper

housing facilities to the weaker sections

of the society While the concept of

affordable housing seems to be a simple

solution to current housing woes its

execution remains complicated due to the

unclear policy framework To make

affordable housing work in India it would

require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by

slightly adjusting their interests towards a

wider social cause

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

75

Land use planning and

development

The project of the poor

Development standards

Land supply

Land value

Land affordability

Subdivision

Land market

Allocation

Demand

Intervention rationale

Neo liberalism

Site and Service

Subdivision

Land policy

Efficiency and equity

Land management

Direct intervention world

bank

Learning by doing

Site and service

subdivision

Poverty alleviation

Suitability and

acceptability

Affordability standards

subdivision

Intervention usually takes three broad categories

bull planning regulations

bull direct government investments and

bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation

Land management improvements

Example Land Readjustment

direct public investment

Example land banking

Example Site-and-Service

OBJECTIVES

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at

1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on

rental or ownership basis

2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter

options especially to the vulnerable groups

and the poor

3 Ensuring that housing along with the

supporting services is treated as a priority and

at par with infrastructure sector

4 Removing barriers related to legal financial

and administrative for facilitating access to

land finance and technology

5 Forging strong partnership between private

public and cooperative sectors to enhance the

capacity of the construction industry to

participate in every sphere of housing and

habitat

6 Using technology for modernizing the

housing sector to increase efficiency

productivity energy efficiency and quality

7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions

and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for

adding to the housing stock

THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including

formulation of effective

foreclosure laws

bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of

resources to the

housing and infrastructure sector

bull Develop a debt market for housing and

infrastructure fully integrated

with the financial markets in the country

bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the

requirement of low cost funds

for the housing needs of the poor

bull Promote research and development and transfer of

technology for

construction of houses

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available

resources to promote development and growth in a

sustained manner

bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing

infrastructure innovative and energy saving

construction materials and methods and also set up

a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the

concessions are correctly targeted and utilized

bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological

standards to protect the environment and provide a

better quality of life in human settlements

bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage

market

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD

1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a

boost to housing and supporting infrastructure

2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in

undertaking housing construction for all segments in

urban and rural areas

3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to

land

4 Facilitate training of construction workers by

converging other development programs through

building centers and other agencies

5 Promote decentralized production and availability of

building material

6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their

responsibilities in regulatory and development

functions

THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare

District Housing Action Plans for rural areas

2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and

augment supply of land for housing particularly

for the vulnerable group

3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural

infrastructure services

4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for

planned development

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE

COMPANIES WOULD

1 Redefine their role and move away from their

traditional approach to housing finance

2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the

needs of people

3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to

those who are in dire need of housing finance

support

4 Mobilize resources from provident funds

insurance funds mutual funds etc For house

building activities

5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize

domestic savings

HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS

DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND

OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role

for facilitating land assembly and development of

infrastructure

2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and

cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient

manner

3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement

THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND

CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD

1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of

houses and development of amenities

2 Forge partnership with state governments and local

authorities for construction of houses

3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out

schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization

basis

RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

ORGANIZATIONS WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw

materials

2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace

them with renewable resources

3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by

various public and private construction agencies

4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and

construction methods

5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the

housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste

based energy

6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new

constructions as well as strengthening of existing

houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and

human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes

cyclones and floods

7 Disseminate (spread) information about new

technologies and provide training to construction

workers in the use of new technologies

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

84

Role of PPP in Affordable Housing

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

85

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

86

JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance

No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million

No of Houses under Progress 0265 million

Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores

(BSUP+IHSDP)

997

achieved

Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of

Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline

Target of 27 cities

27 cities

achieved

Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of

developed land for EWSLIG Timeline

Target of 16 cities

16 cities

achieved

The JNNURM Initiative

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

87

i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP

ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath

iii Vector-free housing layout

iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces

v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and

vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness

Inclusive Planning amp Architecture

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

88

Recommendations

bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100

ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households

ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs

ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment

ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure

ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by

ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and

conversion of agricultural lands for urban use

ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for

making a proper assessment of land

requirements and allocation of such lands for

different uses

ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

89

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

90

Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

91

Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels

Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

92

SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66

References

Inferences

Books

Internet

Case Studies

Library references

bullNational Building Codes

bullGreen Households Domestic consumers

environment and sustainability

bullSustainable design practice

bullModern architecture

bullGaia House Design

bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy

Charles chorea and Raj

Reval

bullIntach library

Net references

bullWikipediacom

bullGooglecoin

bullDDA website

bullWHO living

standards

Case studies

bullResidences in old

Delhi

bullOther

contemporary

houses in

surrounding

houses

References

Page 42: Dessertation ii sem [autosaved]

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 42

Objectives

bull To facilitate the provision of comfortable pleasant safe efficient and cost-effective accommodation for the intended occupants of affordable housing

bull To facilitate the incorporation of adaptable housing design principles inaffordable housing

All dwelling types are providedwith an appropriately located andfunctional arearsquos like

External entry areas

Internal entry areas

Livingdining areas

Kitchens

Bathrooms

Hallways

Bedrooms

Storage Area

Clothes Drying

Stairs and lifts( as per

NBC)

Open space

Security Adaptable housing

DESIGN OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 43

Every room intended for human habitation shall abut on aninterior or exterior open space or an open VERANDAH open tosuch interior or exterior open space

SKETCH FOR EXAMPLECONTRARY IMAGE FOUND IN SURVEY

For streets less than 75 m in width the distance of the building (building line) shall beat least 5 m from the centre line of the street

FRONT OPEN SPACES

OPEN SPACES WITHIN A PLOT

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 44

44

Residential and Commercial Zones

In any layout or sub-division of land measuring 03 hectare of

more in residential and commercial zones the community open

spaces shall be reserved for recreational purposes which shall as

far as possible be provided in one place or planned out for the

use of the community in clusters or pockets

The community open spaces shall be provided catering to the

needs of area of layout population for which the layout is

planned and the category of dwelling units The following

minimum provision shall be made

a) 15 percent of the area of the layout or

b) 03 to 04rsquo ha1 000 persons for low income housing the open

spaces shall be 03 ha1 000 persons

No recreational space shall generally be less than 450 sqm

the building line shall beat least 3 m away from the boundary of

recreational open space

Community open spaces and amenities

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 45

Width of Means of Access

The residential plots shall abut

on a public means of access

like street-oad Plots which do

not abut on a streethoad shall

abuthont on a means of access

the width and other

requirements of which shall be

as given in Table 1

In no case development on plots shall be permitted unless it is accessible by a public street of width not less than 6 m

MEANS OF ACCESS

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 46

In the case of special housing schemes for low income group

and economically weaker section of society developed up to two

storied row cluster housing scheme the pedestrian pathway

width shall be 3 m subject to provisions of 94l(a) The

pedestrian pathway shall not serve more than 8 plots on each

side of the pathway the length of the pathway shall be not more

than 50 m

No mention of plot sizehelliplarge plots sub-divided and the norm fails

Distance from Electric LinesNo VERANDAH balcony or the like shall be allowed to beerected or re-erected or any additions or alterations made to abuilding within the distances quoted below in accordance withthe current Indian Electricity Rules as amended from time-to-time between the building and any overhead electric supplyline

MEANS OF ACCESS-Cntd

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 47

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 48

Plot SizeThe minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75 percent shall not be less than 40 sqm in small and medium town and not less than 30 sqm in metropolitan cities Plot sizes below 30 sqm but not less than 15 sqm may be permitted in case of cluster planning however in such cases the ground coverage and FSI shall be 100 percent and 2 percent respectively

NOTES1 In exceptional cases in metropolitan cities with population more than 1 million the size of plots may be brought down to 25 sqm in cases of low income housing colonies located in congested areas as decided by the Authority In mega-cities it may be further reduced to 15 m2 In such cases where plot size is below 25 sqm only cluster planning or group housing may be adopted

2 A minimum of 25 percent of the plot size shall be left open without adversely affecting light and ventilation for habitable spaces and toilet It shall not be made mandatory to leave set back on any side

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 49

Vehicular AccessA right of way of at least 6 m width should be provided up to theentrance to the cluster to facilitate emergency vehicle movement up tocluster

DensityCluster planning methodologies result in higher densities with low risestructures With per dwelling unit covered area of 15 sqm densities of500 dwelling units per hectare (net) shall be permissible Densitieshigher than this should not allowed

Group ToiletCluster housing for economically weaker section families can havegroup toilets at the rate of one water closet one bath and a washingplace for three families

Size of RoomHabitable RoomEvery dwelling unit to be provided should have at least two habitable rooms Even if one room house is provided initially it should be capable of adding a new second room in future However in case single room tenements are required to be provided where future additions are not possible the carpet area of multipurpose single room should be at least 125 m2Such one room dwelling units with 125 m2 carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case of on site rehabilitation of slum dwellers In a house of two rooms first room shall not be less than 90 m2 with minimum width of 25 m and second room shall not be less than 65 m2 with minimum width of 21 m provided the total area of both the rooms is not less than 155 m2 In incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room

SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF CLUSTER PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 51

Life style

Affordability

Social Classification

Life style

SALARY CLASS

BUSINESS CLASS

BOTH WORKING

JOINT FAMILY

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52

Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi

Zone ndashF

a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)

LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53

The component method of design provides a broad frame work for

achieving the described life style objectives

HOUSING COMPONENT

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59

the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60

Desired outcomes Suggested responses

One two and three-bedroom

dwellings

One two and three-bedroom affordable

housing

dwelling types provide rooms of

sufficient dimensions to support the

safe comfortable and convenient use of

and movement around furniture

facilities and fittings needed by

householders

Studio apartments

Studio apartment rooms provide

adequate space for the function of

individual units including

bull sleeping living dining and kitchen

areas and

bull adequate bathroom laundry and

clothes dryingfacilities

Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table

Studio apartments generally conform to a

minimum

gross floor area of 30m2

The room sizes generally conform to the

following table

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61

Afordability Survey and Analysis

Category

Sample

Income group

Current status

Current Facilities Wishlist

Affordable EMI Analysis

Low

Inco

me

Gro

up

case

-1

A small 2BHK unit

of approx

35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs

lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)

4000

Rentedcommon washrooms

separate washroom

1500 PM no privacy Privacy

Mid

dle

Cla

ss

case

-1

10000-35000

Single 2BHK Family 2bhk

A Good 23BHK unit of approx

100 sqyard in range of

18-25 lacs

Rented Good location 7000

11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry

Bigger balcony

More natural light

Bigger Bedrooms

Good storage Space

case

-2

10000-35000

Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms

RentedBigger living area

7000 PM Good height 10000

Minimum shafts

small kitchenlaundry

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62

EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT

AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1

Category - EWS

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR

CASE -2

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35

CASE -3

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE

5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25

35

40

25

30

1060

30

1060

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63

63

AREA -DAYANAND COLONY

CASE -1

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

1010

30

50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65

GENERAL PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68

NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69

SPACE RELATIONSHIP

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71

Approach for investigating

affordable housing

Knowledge about future

house

Knowledge about present

house

Knowledge about Family

Payment Method

Preferred Area

PreferredLocation

Affordability

TypologicalPreferences

SpacePreferences

Location winNeighborhood

AdvantagesDis

Home TypeOwnershipStatus

Location

NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces

Degree ofSatisfaction

Income level

No of Family Members

EducationalLevel

(husbandwife)

Work Sector

No of Cars

Domestic Labor

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

72

AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

10

10

30

50

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

73

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

74

Conclusion

While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are

increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as

televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While

we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an

auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living

in a slum-like dwelling

It is understandable that economic

growth leads to rise in income but this

has led to even faster rise in property

prices leaving it unaffordable for majority

of population Affordable housing is

expected to have a positive by improving

basic quality of life Problems like traffic

congestion air quality commute times

etc can be resolved by providing proper

housing facilities to the weaker sections

of the society While the concept of

affordable housing seems to be a simple

solution to current housing woes its

execution remains complicated due to the

unclear policy framework To make

affordable housing work in India it would

require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by

slightly adjusting their interests towards a

wider social cause

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

75

Land use planning and

development

The project of the poor

Development standards

Land supply

Land value

Land affordability

Subdivision

Land market

Allocation

Demand

Intervention rationale

Neo liberalism

Site and Service

Subdivision

Land policy

Efficiency and equity

Land management

Direct intervention world

bank

Learning by doing

Site and service

subdivision

Poverty alleviation

Suitability and

acceptability

Affordability standards

subdivision

Intervention usually takes three broad categories

bull planning regulations

bull direct government investments and

bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation

Land management improvements

Example Land Readjustment

direct public investment

Example land banking

Example Site-and-Service

OBJECTIVES

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at

1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on

rental or ownership basis

2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter

options especially to the vulnerable groups

and the poor

3 Ensuring that housing along with the

supporting services is treated as a priority and

at par with infrastructure sector

4 Removing barriers related to legal financial

and administrative for facilitating access to

land finance and technology

5 Forging strong partnership between private

public and cooperative sectors to enhance the

capacity of the construction industry to

participate in every sphere of housing and

habitat

6 Using technology for modernizing the

housing sector to increase efficiency

productivity energy efficiency and quality

7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions

and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for

adding to the housing stock

THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including

formulation of effective

foreclosure laws

bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of

resources to the

housing and infrastructure sector

bull Develop a debt market for housing and

infrastructure fully integrated

with the financial markets in the country

bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the

requirement of low cost funds

for the housing needs of the poor

bull Promote research and development and transfer of

technology for

construction of houses

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available

resources to promote development and growth in a

sustained manner

bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing

infrastructure innovative and energy saving

construction materials and methods and also set up

a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the

concessions are correctly targeted and utilized

bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological

standards to protect the environment and provide a

better quality of life in human settlements

bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage

market

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD

1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a

boost to housing and supporting infrastructure

2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in

undertaking housing construction for all segments in

urban and rural areas

3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to

land

4 Facilitate training of construction workers by

converging other development programs through

building centers and other agencies

5 Promote decentralized production and availability of

building material

6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their

responsibilities in regulatory and development

functions

THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare

District Housing Action Plans for rural areas

2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and

augment supply of land for housing particularly

for the vulnerable group

3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural

infrastructure services

4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for

planned development

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE

COMPANIES WOULD

1 Redefine their role and move away from their

traditional approach to housing finance

2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the

needs of people

3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to

those who are in dire need of housing finance

support

4 Mobilize resources from provident funds

insurance funds mutual funds etc For house

building activities

5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize

domestic savings

HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS

DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND

OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role

for facilitating land assembly and development of

infrastructure

2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and

cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient

manner

3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement

THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND

CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD

1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of

houses and development of amenities

2 Forge partnership with state governments and local

authorities for construction of houses

3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out

schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization

basis

RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

ORGANIZATIONS WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw

materials

2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace

them with renewable resources

3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by

various public and private construction agencies

4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and

construction methods

5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the

housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste

based energy

6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new

constructions as well as strengthening of existing

houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and

human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes

cyclones and floods

7 Disseminate (spread) information about new

technologies and provide training to construction

workers in the use of new technologies

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

84

Role of PPP in Affordable Housing

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

85

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

86

JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance

No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million

No of Houses under Progress 0265 million

Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores

(BSUP+IHSDP)

997

achieved

Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of

Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline

Target of 27 cities

27 cities

achieved

Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of

developed land for EWSLIG Timeline

Target of 16 cities

16 cities

achieved

The JNNURM Initiative

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

87

i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP

ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath

iii Vector-free housing layout

iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces

v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and

vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness

Inclusive Planning amp Architecture

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

88

Recommendations

bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100

ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households

ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs

ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment

ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure

ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by

ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and

conversion of agricultural lands for urban use

ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for

making a proper assessment of land

requirements and allocation of such lands for

different uses

ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

89

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

90

Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

91

Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels

Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

92

SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66

References

Inferences

Books

Internet

Case Studies

Library references

bullNational Building Codes

bullGreen Households Domestic consumers

environment and sustainability

bullSustainable design practice

bullModern architecture

bullGaia House Design

bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy

Charles chorea and Raj

Reval

bullIntach library

Net references

bullWikipediacom

bullGooglecoin

bullDDA website

bullWHO living

standards

Case studies

bullResidences in old

Delhi

bullOther

contemporary

houses in

surrounding

houses

References

Page 43: Dessertation ii sem [autosaved]

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 43

Every room intended for human habitation shall abut on aninterior or exterior open space or an open VERANDAH open tosuch interior or exterior open space

SKETCH FOR EXAMPLECONTRARY IMAGE FOUND IN SURVEY

For streets less than 75 m in width the distance of the building (building line) shall beat least 5 m from the centre line of the street

FRONT OPEN SPACES

OPEN SPACES WITHIN A PLOT

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 44

44

Residential and Commercial Zones

In any layout or sub-division of land measuring 03 hectare of

more in residential and commercial zones the community open

spaces shall be reserved for recreational purposes which shall as

far as possible be provided in one place or planned out for the

use of the community in clusters or pockets

The community open spaces shall be provided catering to the

needs of area of layout population for which the layout is

planned and the category of dwelling units The following

minimum provision shall be made

a) 15 percent of the area of the layout or

b) 03 to 04rsquo ha1 000 persons for low income housing the open

spaces shall be 03 ha1 000 persons

No recreational space shall generally be less than 450 sqm

the building line shall beat least 3 m away from the boundary of

recreational open space

Community open spaces and amenities

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 45

Width of Means of Access

The residential plots shall abut

on a public means of access

like street-oad Plots which do

not abut on a streethoad shall

abuthont on a means of access

the width and other

requirements of which shall be

as given in Table 1

In no case development on plots shall be permitted unless it is accessible by a public street of width not less than 6 m

MEANS OF ACCESS

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 46

In the case of special housing schemes for low income group

and economically weaker section of society developed up to two

storied row cluster housing scheme the pedestrian pathway

width shall be 3 m subject to provisions of 94l(a) The

pedestrian pathway shall not serve more than 8 plots on each

side of the pathway the length of the pathway shall be not more

than 50 m

No mention of plot sizehelliplarge plots sub-divided and the norm fails

Distance from Electric LinesNo VERANDAH balcony or the like shall be allowed to beerected or re-erected or any additions or alterations made to abuilding within the distances quoted below in accordance withthe current Indian Electricity Rules as amended from time-to-time between the building and any overhead electric supplyline

MEANS OF ACCESS-Cntd

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 47

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 48

Plot SizeThe minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75 percent shall not be less than 40 sqm in small and medium town and not less than 30 sqm in metropolitan cities Plot sizes below 30 sqm but not less than 15 sqm may be permitted in case of cluster planning however in such cases the ground coverage and FSI shall be 100 percent and 2 percent respectively

NOTES1 In exceptional cases in metropolitan cities with population more than 1 million the size of plots may be brought down to 25 sqm in cases of low income housing colonies located in congested areas as decided by the Authority In mega-cities it may be further reduced to 15 m2 In such cases where plot size is below 25 sqm only cluster planning or group housing may be adopted

2 A minimum of 25 percent of the plot size shall be left open without adversely affecting light and ventilation for habitable spaces and toilet It shall not be made mandatory to leave set back on any side

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 49

Vehicular AccessA right of way of at least 6 m width should be provided up to theentrance to the cluster to facilitate emergency vehicle movement up tocluster

DensityCluster planning methodologies result in higher densities with low risestructures With per dwelling unit covered area of 15 sqm densities of500 dwelling units per hectare (net) shall be permissible Densitieshigher than this should not allowed

Group ToiletCluster housing for economically weaker section families can havegroup toilets at the rate of one water closet one bath and a washingplace for three families

Size of RoomHabitable RoomEvery dwelling unit to be provided should have at least two habitable rooms Even if one room house is provided initially it should be capable of adding a new second room in future However in case single room tenements are required to be provided where future additions are not possible the carpet area of multipurpose single room should be at least 125 m2Such one room dwelling units with 125 m2 carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case of on site rehabilitation of slum dwellers In a house of two rooms first room shall not be less than 90 m2 with minimum width of 25 m and second room shall not be less than 65 m2 with minimum width of 21 m provided the total area of both the rooms is not less than 155 m2 In incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room

SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF CLUSTER PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 51

Life style

Affordability

Social Classification

Life style

SALARY CLASS

BUSINESS CLASS

BOTH WORKING

JOINT FAMILY

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52

Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi

Zone ndashF

a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)

LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53

The component method of design provides a broad frame work for

achieving the described life style objectives

HOUSING COMPONENT

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59

the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60

Desired outcomes Suggested responses

One two and three-bedroom

dwellings

One two and three-bedroom affordable

housing

dwelling types provide rooms of

sufficient dimensions to support the

safe comfortable and convenient use of

and movement around furniture

facilities and fittings needed by

householders

Studio apartments

Studio apartment rooms provide

adequate space for the function of

individual units including

bull sleeping living dining and kitchen

areas and

bull adequate bathroom laundry and

clothes dryingfacilities

Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table

Studio apartments generally conform to a

minimum

gross floor area of 30m2

The room sizes generally conform to the

following table

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61

Afordability Survey and Analysis

Category

Sample

Income group

Current status

Current Facilities Wishlist

Affordable EMI Analysis

Low

Inco

me

Gro

up

case

-1

A small 2BHK unit

of approx

35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs

lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)

4000

Rentedcommon washrooms

separate washroom

1500 PM no privacy Privacy

Mid

dle

Cla

ss

case

-1

10000-35000

Single 2BHK Family 2bhk

A Good 23BHK unit of approx

100 sqyard in range of

18-25 lacs

Rented Good location 7000

11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry

Bigger balcony

More natural light

Bigger Bedrooms

Good storage Space

case

-2

10000-35000

Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms

RentedBigger living area

7000 PM Good height 10000

Minimum shafts

small kitchenlaundry

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62

EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT

AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1

Category - EWS

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR

CASE -2

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35

CASE -3

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE

5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25

35

40

25

30

1060

30

1060

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63

63

AREA -DAYANAND COLONY

CASE -1

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

1010

30

50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65

GENERAL PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68

NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69

SPACE RELATIONSHIP

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71

Approach for investigating

affordable housing

Knowledge about future

house

Knowledge about present

house

Knowledge about Family

Payment Method

Preferred Area

PreferredLocation

Affordability

TypologicalPreferences

SpacePreferences

Location winNeighborhood

AdvantagesDis

Home TypeOwnershipStatus

Location

NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces

Degree ofSatisfaction

Income level

No of Family Members

EducationalLevel

(husbandwife)

Work Sector

No of Cars

Domestic Labor

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

72

AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

10

10

30

50

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

73

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

74

Conclusion

While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are

increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as

televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While

we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an

auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living

in a slum-like dwelling

It is understandable that economic

growth leads to rise in income but this

has led to even faster rise in property

prices leaving it unaffordable for majority

of population Affordable housing is

expected to have a positive by improving

basic quality of life Problems like traffic

congestion air quality commute times

etc can be resolved by providing proper

housing facilities to the weaker sections

of the society While the concept of

affordable housing seems to be a simple

solution to current housing woes its

execution remains complicated due to the

unclear policy framework To make

affordable housing work in India it would

require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by

slightly adjusting their interests towards a

wider social cause

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

75

Land use planning and

development

The project of the poor

Development standards

Land supply

Land value

Land affordability

Subdivision

Land market

Allocation

Demand

Intervention rationale

Neo liberalism

Site and Service

Subdivision

Land policy

Efficiency and equity

Land management

Direct intervention world

bank

Learning by doing

Site and service

subdivision

Poverty alleviation

Suitability and

acceptability

Affordability standards

subdivision

Intervention usually takes three broad categories

bull planning regulations

bull direct government investments and

bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation

Land management improvements

Example Land Readjustment

direct public investment

Example land banking

Example Site-and-Service

OBJECTIVES

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at

1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on

rental or ownership basis

2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter

options especially to the vulnerable groups

and the poor

3 Ensuring that housing along with the

supporting services is treated as a priority and

at par with infrastructure sector

4 Removing barriers related to legal financial

and administrative for facilitating access to

land finance and technology

5 Forging strong partnership between private

public and cooperative sectors to enhance the

capacity of the construction industry to

participate in every sphere of housing and

habitat

6 Using technology for modernizing the

housing sector to increase efficiency

productivity energy efficiency and quality

7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions

and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for

adding to the housing stock

THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including

formulation of effective

foreclosure laws

bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of

resources to the

housing and infrastructure sector

bull Develop a debt market for housing and

infrastructure fully integrated

with the financial markets in the country

bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the

requirement of low cost funds

for the housing needs of the poor

bull Promote research and development and transfer of

technology for

construction of houses

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available

resources to promote development and growth in a

sustained manner

bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing

infrastructure innovative and energy saving

construction materials and methods and also set up

a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the

concessions are correctly targeted and utilized

bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological

standards to protect the environment and provide a

better quality of life in human settlements

bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage

market

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD

1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a

boost to housing and supporting infrastructure

2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in

undertaking housing construction for all segments in

urban and rural areas

3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to

land

4 Facilitate training of construction workers by

converging other development programs through

building centers and other agencies

5 Promote decentralized production and availability of

building material

6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their

responsibilities in regulatory and development

functions

THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare

District Housing Action Plans for rural areas

2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and

augment supply of land for housing particularly

for the vulnerable group

3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural

infrastructure services

4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for

planned development

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE

COMPANIES WOULD

1 Redefine their role and move away from their

traditional approach to housing finance

2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the

needs of people

3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to

those who are in dire need of housing finance

support

4 Mobilize resources from provident funds

insurance funds mutual funds etc For house

building activities

5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize

domestic savings

HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS

DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND

OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role

for facilitating land assembly and development of

infrastructure

2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and

cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient

manner

3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement

THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND

CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD

1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of

houses and development of amenities

2 Forge partnership with state governments and local

authorities for construction of houses

3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out

schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization

basis

RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

ORGANIZATIONS WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw

materials

2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace

them with renewable resources

3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by

various public and private construction agencies

4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and

construction methods

5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the

housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste

based energy

6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new

constructions as well as strengthening of existing

houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and

human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes

cyclones and floods

7 Disseminate (spread) information about new

technologies and provide training to construction

workers in the use of new technologies

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

84

Role of PPP in Affordable Housing

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

85

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

86

JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance

No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million

No of Houses under Progress 0265 million

Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores

(BSUP+IHSDP)

997

achieved

Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of

Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline

Target of 27 cities

27 cities

achieved

Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of

developed land for EWSLIG Timeline

Target of 16 cities

16 cities

achieved

The JNNURM Initiative

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

87

i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP

ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath

iii Vector-free housing layout

iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces

v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and

vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness

Inclusive Planning amp Architecture

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

88

Recommendations

bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100

ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households

ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs

ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment

ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure

ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by

ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and

conversion of agricultural lands for urban use

ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for

making a proper assessment of land

requirements and allocation of such lands for

different uses

ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

89

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

90

Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

91

Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels

Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

92

SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66

References

Inferences

Books

Internet

Case Studies

Library references

bullNational Building Codes

bullGreen Households Domestic consumers

environment and sustainability

bullSustainable design practice

bullModern architecture

bullGaia House Design

bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy

Charles chorea and Raj

Reval

bullIntach library

Net references

bullWikipediacom

bullGooglecoin

bullDDA website

bullWHO living

standards

Case studies

bullResidences in old

Delhi

bullOther

contemporary

houses in

surrounding

houses

References

Page 44: Dessertation ii sem [autosaved]

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 44

44

Residential and Commercial Zones

In any layout or sub-division of land measuring 03 hectare of

more in residential and commercial zones the community open

spaces shall be reserved for recreational purposes which shall as

far as possible be provided in one place or planned out for the

use of the community in clusters or pockets

The community open spaces shall be provided catering to the

needs of area of layout population for which the layout is

planned and the category of dwelling units The following

minimum provision shall be made

a) 15 percent of the area of the layout or

b) 03 to 04rsquo ha1 000 persons for low income housing the open

spaces shall be 03 ha1 000 persons

No recreational space shall generally be less than 450 sqm

the building line shall beat least 3 m away from the boundary of

recreational open space

Community open spaces and amenities

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 45

Width of Means of Access

The residential plots shall abut

on a public means of access

like street-oad Plots which do

not abut on a streethoad shall

abuthont on a means of access

the width and other

requirements of which shall be

as given in Table 1

In no case development on plots shall be permitted unless it is accessible by a public street of width not less than 6 m

MEANS OF ACCESS

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 46

In the case of special housing schemes for low income group

and economically weaker section of society developed up to two

storied row cluster housing scheme the pedestrian pathway

width shall be 3 m subject to provisions of 94l(a) The

pedestrian pathway shall not serve more than 8 plots on each

side of the pathway the length of the pathway shall be not more

than 50 m

No mention of plot sizehelliplarge plots sub-divided and the norm fails

Distance from Electric LinesNo VERANDAH balcony or the like shall be allowed to beerected or re-erected or any additions or alterations made to abuilding within the distances quoted below in accordance withthe current Indian Electricity Rules as amended from time-to-time between the building and any overhead electric supplyline

MEANS OF ACCESS-Cntd

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 47

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 48

Plot SizeThe minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75 percent shall not be less than 40 sqm in small and medium town and not less than 30 sqm in metropolitan cities Plot sizes below 30 sqm but not less than 15 sqm may be permitted in case of cluster planning however in such cases the ground coverage and FSI shall be 100 percent and 2 percent respectively

NOTES1 In exceptional cases in metropolitan cities with population more than 1 million the size of plots may be brought down to 25 sqm in cases of low income housing colonies located in congested areas as decided by the Authority In mega-cities it may be further reduced to 15 m2 In such cases where plot size is below 25 sqm only cluster planning or group housing may be adopted

2 A minimum of 25 percent of the plot size shall be left open without adversely affecting light and ventilation for habitable spaces and toilet It shall not be made mandatory to leave set back on any side

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 49

Vehicular AccessA right of way of at least 6 m width should be provided up to theentrance to the cluster to facilitate emergency vehicle movement up tocluster

DensityCluster planning methodologies result in higher densities with low risestructures With per dwelling unit covered area of 15 sqm densities of500 dwelling units per hectare (net) shall be permissible Densitieshigher than this should not allowed

Group ToiletCluster housing for economically weaker section families can havegroup toilets at the rate of one water closet one bath and a washingplace for three families

Size of RoomHabitable RoomEvery dwelling unit to be provided should have at least two habitable rooms Even if one room house is provided initially it should be capable of adding a new second room in future However in case single room tenements are required to be provided where future additions are not possible the carpet area of multipurpose single room should be at least 125 m2Such one room dwelling units with 125 m2 carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case of on site rehabilitation of slum dwellers In a house of two rooms first room shall not be less than 90 m2 with minimum width of 25 m and second room shall not be less than 65 m2 with minimum width of 21 m provided the total area of both the rooms is not less than 155 m2 In incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room

SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF CLUSTER PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 51

Life style

Affordability

Social Classification

Life style

SALARY CLASS

BUSINESS CLASS

BOTH WORKING

JOINT FAMILY

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52

Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi

Zone ndashF

a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)

LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53

The component method of design provides a broad frame work for

achieving the described life style objectives

HOUSING COMPONENT

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59

the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60

Desired outcomes Suggested responses

One two and three-bedroom

dwellings

One two and three-bedroom affordable

housing

dwelling types provide rooms of

sufficient dimensions to support the

safe comfortable and convenient use of

and movement around furniture

facilities and fittings needed by

householders

Studio apartments

Studio apartment rooms provide

adequate space for the function of

individual units including

bull sleeping living dining and kitchen

areas and

bull adequate bathroom laundry and

clothes dryingfacilities

Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table

Studio apartments generally conform to a

minimum

gross floor area of 30m2

The room sizes generally conform to the

following table

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61

Afordability Survey and Analysis

Category

Sample

Income group

Current status

Current Facilities Wishlist

Affordable EMI Analysis

Low

Inco

me

Gro

up

case

-1

A small 2BHK unit

of approx

35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs

lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)

4000

Rentedcommon washrooms

separate washroom

1500 PM no privacy Privacy

Mid

dle

Cla

ss

case

-1

10000-35000

Single 2BHK Family 2bhk

A Good 23BHK unit of approx

100 sqyard in range of

18-25 lacs

Rented Good location 7000

11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry

Bigger balcony

More natural light

Bigger Bedrooms

Good storage Space

case

-2

10000-35000

Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms

RentedBigger living area

7000 PM Good height 10000

Minimum shafts

small kitchenlaundry

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62

EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT

AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1

Category - EWS

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR

CASE -2

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35

CASE -3

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE

5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25

35

40

25

30

1060

30

1060

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63

63

AREA -DAYANAND COLONY

CASE -1

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

1010

30

50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65

GENERAL PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68

NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69

SPACE RELATIONSHIP

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71

Approach for investigating

affordable housing

Knowledge about future

house

Knowledge about present

house

Knowledge about Family

Payment Method

Preferred Area

PreferredLocation

Affordability

TypologicalPreferences

SpacePreferences

Location winNeighborhood

AdvantagesDis

Home TypeOwnershipStatus

Location

NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces

Degree ofSatisfaction

Income level

No of Family Members

EducationalLevel

(husbandwife)

Work Sector

No of Cars

Domestic Labor

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

72

AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

10

10

30

50

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

73

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

74

Conclusion

While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are

increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as

televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While

we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an

auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living

in a slum-like dwelling

It is understandable that economic

growth leads to rise in income but this

has led to even faster rise in property

prices leaving it unaffordable for majority

of population Affordable housing is

expected to have a positive by improving

basic quality of life Problems like traffic

congestion air quality commute times

etc can be resolved by providing proper

housing facilities to the weaker sections

of the society While the concept of

affordable housing seems to be a simple

solution to current housing woes its

execution remains complicated due to the

unclear policy framework To make

affordable housing work in India it would

require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by

slightly adjusting their interests towards a

wider social cause

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

75

Land use planning and

development

The project of the poor

Development standards

Land supply

Land value

Land affordability

Subdivision

Land market

Allocation

Demand

Intervention rationale

Neo liberalism

Site and Service

Subdivision

Land policy

Efficiency and equity

Land management

Direct intervention world

bank

Learning by doing

Site and service

subdivision

Poverty alleviation

Suitability and

acceptability

Affordability standards

subdivision

Intervention usually takes three broad categories

bull planning regulations

bull direct government investments and

bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation

Land management improvements

Example Land Readjustment

direct public investment

Example land banking

Example Site-and-Service

OBJECTIVES

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at

1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on

rental or ownership basis

2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter

options especially to the vulnerable groups

and the poor

3 Ensuring that housing along with the

supporting services is treated as a priority and

at par with infrastructure sector

4 Removing barriers related to legal financial

and administrative for facilitating access to

land finance and technology

5 Forging strong partnership between private

public and cooperative sectors to enhance the

capacity of the construction industry to

participate in every sphere of housing and

habitat

6 Using technology for modernizing the

housing sector to increase efficiency

productivity energy efficiency and quality

7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions

and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for

adding to the housing stock

THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including

formulation of effective

foreclosure laws

bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of

resources to the

housing and infrastructure sector

bull Develop a debt market for housing and

infrastructure fully integrated

with the financial markets in the country

bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the

requirement of low cost funds

for the housing needs of the poor

bull Promote research and development and transfer of

technology for

construction of houses

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available

resources to promote development and growth in a

sustained manner

bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing

infrastructure innovative and energy saving

construction materials and methods and also set up

a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the

concessions are correctly targeted and utilized

bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological

standards to protect the environment and provide a

better quality of life in human settlements

bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage

market

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD

1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a

boost to housing and supporting infrastructure

2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in

undertaking housing construction for all segments in

urban and rural areas

3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to

land

4 Facilitate training of construction workers by

converging other development programs through

building centers and other agencies

5 Promote decentralized production and availability of

building material

6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their

responsibilities in regulatory and development

functions

THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare

District Housing Action Plans for rural areas

2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and

augment supply of land for housing particularly

for the vulnerable group

3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural

infrastructure services

4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for

planned development

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE

COMPANIES WOULD

1 Redefine their role and move away from their

traditional approach to housing finance

2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the

needs of people

3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to

those who are in dire need of housing finance

support

4 Mobilize resources from provident funds

insurance funds mutual funds etc For house

building activities

5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize

domestic savings

HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS

DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND

OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role

for facilitating land assembly and development of

infrastructure

2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and

cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient

manner

3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement

THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND

CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD

1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of

houses and development of amenities

2 Forge partnership with state governments and local

authorities for construction of houses

3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out

schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization

basis

RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

ORGANIZATIONS WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw

materials

2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace

them with renewable resources

3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by

various public and private construction agencies

4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and

construction methods

5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the

housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste

based energy

6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new

constructions as well as strengthening of existing

houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and

human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes

cyclones and floods

7 Disseminate (spread) information about new

technologies and provide training to construction

workers in the use of new technologies

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

84

Role of PPP in Affordable Housing

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

85

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

86

JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance

No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million

No of Houses under Progress 0265 million

Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores

(BSUP+IHSDP)

997

achieved

Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of

Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline

Target of 27 cities

27 cities

achieved

Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of

developed land for EWSLIG Timeline

Target of 16 cities

16 cities

achieved

The JNNURM Initiative

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

87

i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP

ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath

iii Vector-free housing layout

iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces

v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and

vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness

Inclusive Planning amp Architecture

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

88

Recommendations

bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100

ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households

ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs

ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment

ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure

ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by

ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and

conversion of agricultural lands for urban use

ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for

making a proper assessment of land

requirements and allocation of such lands for

different uses

ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

89

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

90

Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

91

Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels

Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

92

SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66

References

Inferences

Books

Internet

Case Studies

Library references

bullNational Building Codes

bullGreen Households Domestic consumers

environment and sustainability

bullSustainable design practice

bullModern architecture

bullGaia House Design

bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy

Charles chorea and Raj

Reval

bullIntach library

Net references

bullWikipediacom

bullGooglecoin

bullDDA website

bullWHO living

standards

Case studies

bullResidences in old

Delhi

bullOther

contemporary

houses in

surrounding

houses

References

Page 45: Dessertation ii sem [autosaved]

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 45

Width of Means of Access

The residential plots shall abut

on a public means of access

like street-oad Plots which do

not abut on a streethoad shall

abuthont on a means of access

the width and other

requirements of which shall be

as given in Table 1

In no case development on plots shall be permitted unless it is accessible by a public street of width not less than 6 m

MEANS OF ACCESS

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 46

In the case of special housing schemes for low income group

and economically weaker section of society developed up to two

storied row cluster housing scheme the pedestrian pathway

width shall be 3 m subject to provisions of 94l(a) The

pedestrian pathway shall not serve more than 8 plots on each

side of the pathway the length of the pathway shall be not more

than 50 m

No mention of plot sizehelliplarge plots sub-divided and the norm fails

Distance from Electric LinesNo VERANDAH balcony or the like shall be allowed to beerected or re-erected or any additions or alterations made to abuilding within the distances quoted below in accordance withthe current Indian Electricity Rules as amended from time-to-time between the building and any overhead electric supplyline

MEANS OF ACCESS-Cntd

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 47

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 48

Plot SizeThe minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75 percent shall not be less than 40 sqm in small and medium town and not less than 30 sqm in metropolitan cities Plot sizes below 30 sqm but not less than 15 sqm may be permitted in case of cluster planning however in such cases the ground coverage and FSI shall be 100 percent and 2 percent respectively

NOTES1 In exceptional cases in metropolitan cities with population more than 1 million the size of plots may be brought down to 25 sqm in cases of low income housing colonies located in congested areas as decided by the Authority In mega-cities it may be further reduced to 15 m2 In such cases where plot size is below 25 sqm only cluster planning or group housing may be adopted

2 A minimum of 25 percent of the plot size shall be left open without adversely affecting light and ventilation for habitable spaces and toilet It shall not be made mandatory to leave set back on any side

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 49

Vehicular AccessA right of way of at least 6 m width should be provided up to theentrance to the cluster to facilitate emergency vehicle movement up tocluster

DensityCluster planning methodologies result in higher densities with low risestructures With per dwelling unit covered area of 15 sqm densities of500 dwelling units per hectare (net) shall be permissible Densitieshigher than this should not allowed

Group ToiletCluster housing for economically weaker section families can havegroup toilets at the rate of one water closet one bath and a washingplace for three families

Size of RoomHabitable RoomEvery dwelling unit to be provided should have at least two habitable rooms Even if one room house is provided initially it should be capable of adding a new second room in future However in case single room tenements are required to be provided where future additions are not possible the carpet area of multipurpose single room should be at least 125 m2Such one room dwelling units with 125 m2 carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case of on site rehabilitation of slum dwellers In a house of two rooms first room shall not be less than 90 m2 with minimum width of 25 m and second room shall not be less than 65 m2 with minimum width of 21 m provided the total area of both the rooms is not less than 155 m2 In incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room

SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF CLUSTER PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 51

Life style

Affordability

Social Classification

Life style

SALARY CLASS

BUSINESS CLASS

BOTH WORKING

JOINT FAMILY

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52

Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi

Zone ndashF

a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)

LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53

The component method of design provides a broad frame work for

achieving the described life style objectives

HOUSING COMPONENT

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59

the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60

Desired outcomes Suggested responses

One two and three-bedroom

dwellings

One two and three-bedroom affordable

housing

dwelling types provide rooms of

sufficient dimensions to support the

safe comfortable and convenient use of

and movement around furniture

facilities and fittings needed by

householders

Studio apartments

Studio apartment rooms provide

adequate space for the function of

individual units including

bull sleeping living dining and kitchen

areas and

bull adequate bathroom laundry and

clothes dryingfacilities

Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table

Studio apartments generally conform to a

minimum

gross floor area of 30m2

The room sizes generally conform to the

following table

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61

Afordability Survey and Analysis

Category

Sample

Income group

Current status

Current Facilities Wishlist

Affordable EMI Analysis

Low

Inco

me

Gro

up

case

-1

A small 2BHK unit

of approx

35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs

lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)

4000

Rentedcommon washrooms

separate washroom

1500 PM no privacy Privacy

Mid

dle

Cla

ss

case

-1

10000-35000

Single 2BHK Family 2bhk

A Good 23BHK unit of approx

100 sqyard in range of

18-25 lacs

Rented Good location 7000

11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry

Bigger balcony

More natural light

Bigger Bedrooms

Good storage Space

case

-2

10000-35000

Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms

RentedBigger living area

7000 PM Good height 10000

Minimum shafts

small kitchenlaundry

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62

EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT

AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1

Category - EWS

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR

CASE -2

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35

CASE -3

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE

5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25

35

40

25

30

1060

30

1060

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63

63

AREA -DAYANAND COLONY

CASE -1

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

1010

30

50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65

GENERAL PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68

NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69

SPACE RELATIONSHIP

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71

Approach for investigating

affordable housing

Knowledge about future

house

Knowledge about present

house

Knowledge about Family

Payment Method

Preferred Area

PreferredLocation

Affordability

TypologicalPreferences

SpacePreferences

Location winNeighborhood

AdvantagesDis

Home TypeOwnershipStatus

Location

NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces

Degree ofSatisfaction

Income level

No of Family Members

EducationalLevel

(husbandwife)

Work Sector

No of Cars

Domestic Labor

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

72

AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

10

10

30

50

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

73

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

74

Conclusion

While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are

increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as

televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While

we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an

auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living

in a slum-like dwelling

It is understandable that economic

growth leads to rise in income but this

has led to even faster rise in property

prices leaving it unaffordable for majority

of population Affordable housing is

expected to have a positive by improving

basic quality of life Problems like traffic

congestion air quality commute times

etc can be resolved by providing proper

housing facilities to the weaker sections

of the society While the concept of

affordable housing seems to be a simple

solution to current housing woes its

execution remains complicated due to the

unclear policy framework To make

affordable housing work in India it would

require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by

slightly adjusting their interests towards a

wider social cause

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

75

Land use planning and

development

The project of the poor

Development standards

Land supply

Land value

Land affordability

Subdivision

Land market

Allocation

Demand

Intervention rationale

Neo liberalism

Site and Service

Subdivision

Land policy

Efficiency and equity

Land management

Direct intervention world

bank

Learning by doing

Site and service

subdivision

Poverty alleviation

Suitability and

acceptability

Affordability standards

subdivision

Intervention usually takes three broad categories

bull planning regulations

bull direct government investments and

bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation

Land management improvements

Example Land Readjustment

direct public investment

Example land banking

Example Site-and-Service

OBJECTIVES

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at

1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on

rental or ownership basis

2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter

options especially to the vulnerable groups

and the poor

3 Ensuring that housing along with the

supporting services is treated as a priority and

at par with infrastructure sector

4 Removing barriers related to legal financial

and administrative for facilitating access to

land finance and technology

5 Forging strong partnership between private

public and cooperative sectors to enhance the

capacity of the construction industry to

participate in every sphere of housing and

habitat

6 Using technology for modernizing the

housing sector to increase efficiency

productivity energy efficiency and quality

7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions

and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for

adding to the housing stock

THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including

formulation of effective

foreclosure laws

bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of

resources to the

housing and infrastructure sector

bull Develop a debt market for housing and

infrastructure fully integrated

with the financial markets in the country

bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the

requirement of low cost funds

for the housing needs of the poor

bull Promote research and development and transfer of

technology for

construction of houses

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available

resources to promote development and growth in a

sustained manner

bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing

infrastructure innovative and energy saving

construction materials and methods and also set up

a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the

concessions are correctly targeted and utilized

bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological

standards to protect the environment and provide a

better quality of life in human settlements

bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage

market

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD

1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a

boost to housing and supporting infrastructure

2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in

undertaking housing construction for all segments in

urban and rural areas

3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to

land

4 Facilitate training of construction workers by

converging other development programs through

building centers and other agencies

5 Promote decentralized production and availability of

building material

6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their

responsibilities in regulatory and development

functions

THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare

District Housing Action Plans for rural areas

2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and

augment supply of land for housing particularly

for the vulnerable group

3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural

infrastructure services

4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for

planned development

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE

COMPANIES WOULD

1 Redefine their role and move away from their

traditional approach to housing finance

2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the

needs of people

3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to

those who are in dire need of housing finance

support

4 Mobilize resources from provident funds

insurance funds mutual funds etc For house

building activities

5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize

domestic savings

HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS

DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND

OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role

for facilitating land assembly and development of

infrastructure

2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and

cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient

manner

3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement

THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND

CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD

1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of

houses and development of amenities

2 Forge partnership with state governments and local

authorities for construction of houses

3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out

schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization

basis

RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

ORGANIZATIONS WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw

materials

2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace

them with renewable resources

3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by

various public and private construction agencies

4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and

construction methods

5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the

housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste

based energy

6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new

constructions as well as strengthening of existing

houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and

human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes

cyclones and floods

7 Disseminate (spread) information about new

technologies and provide training to construction

workers in the use of new technologies

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

84

Role of PPP in Affordable Housing

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

85

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

86

JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance

No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million

No of Houses under Progress 0265 million

Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores

(BSUP+IHSDP)

997

achieved

Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of

Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline

Target of 27 cities

27 cities

achieved

Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of

developed land for EWSLIG Timeline

Target of 16 cities

16 cities

achieved

The JNNURM Initiative

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

87

i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP

ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath

iii Vector-free housing layout

iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces

v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and

vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness

Inclusive Planning amp Architecture

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

88

Recommendations

bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100

ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households

ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs

ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment

ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure

ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by

ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and

conversion of agricultural lands for urban use

ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for

making a proper assessment of land

requirements and allocation of such lands for

different uses

ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

89

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

90

Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

91

Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels

Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

92

SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66

References

Inferences

Books

Internet

Case Studies

Library references

bullNational Building Codes

bullGreen Households Domestic consumers

environment and sustainability

bullSustainable design practice

bullModern architecture

bullGaia House Design

bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy

Charles chorea and Raj

Reval

bullIntach library

Net references

bullWikipediacom

bullGooglecoin

bullDDA website

bullWHO living

standards

Case studies

bullResidences in old

Delhi

bullOther

contemporary

houses in

surrounding

houses

References

Page 46: Dessertation ii sem [autosaved]

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 46

In the case of special housing schemes for low income group

and economically weaker section of society developed up to two

storied row cluster housing scheme the pedestrian pathway

width shall be 3 m subject to provisions of 94l(a) The

pedestrian pathway shall not serve more than 8 plots on each

side of the pathway the length of the pathway shall be not more

than 50 m

No mention of plot sizehelliplarge plots sub-divided and the norm fails

Distance from Electric LinesNo VERANDAH balcony or the like shall be allowed to beerected or re-erected or any additions or alterations made to abuilding within the distances quoted below in accordance withthe current Indian Electricity Rules as amended from time-to-time between the building and any overhead electric supplyline

MEANS OF ACCESS-Cntd

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 47

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 48

Plot SizeThe minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75 percent shall not be less than 40 sqm in small and medium town and not less than 30 sqm in metropolitan cities Plot sizes below 30 sqm but not less than 15 sqm may be permitted in case of cluster planning however in such cases the ground coverage and FSI shall be 100 percent and 2 percent respectively

NOTES1 In exceptional cases in metropolitan cities with population more than 1 million the size of plots may be brought down to 25 sqm in cases of low income housing colonies located in congested areas as decided by the Authority In mega-cities it may be further reduced to 15 m2 In such cases where plot size is below 25 sqm only cluster planning or group housing may be adopted

2 A minimum of 25 percent of the plot size shall be left open without adversely affecting light and ventilation for habitable spaces and toilet It shall not be made mandatory to leave set back on any side

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 49

Vehicular AccessA right of way of at least 6 m width should be provided up to theentrance to the cluster to facilitate emergency vehicle movement up tocluster

DensityCluster planning methodologies result in higher densities with low risestructures With per dwelling unit covered area of 15 sqm densities of500 dwelling units per hectare (net) shall be permissible Densitieshigher than this should not allowed

Group ToiletCluster housing for economically weaker section families can havegroup toilets at the rate of one water closet one bath and a washingplace for three families

Size of RoomHabitable RoomEvery dwelling unit to be provided should have at least two habitable rooms Even if one room house is provided initially it should be capable of adding a new second room in future However in case single room tenements are required to be provided where future additions are not possible the carpet area of multipurpose single room should be at least 125 m2Such one room dwelling units with 125 m2 carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case of on site rehabilitation of slum dwellers In a house of two rooms first room shall not be less than 90 m2 with minimum width of 25 m and second room shall not be less than 65 m2 with minimum width of 21 m provided the total area of both the rooms is not less than 155 m2 In incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room

SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF CLUSTER PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 51

Life style

Affordability

Social Classification

Life style

SALARY CLASS

BUSINESS CLASS

BOTH WORKING

JOINT FAMILY

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52

Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi

Zone ndashF

a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)

LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53

The component method of design provides a broad frame work for

achieving the described life style objectives

HOUSING COMPONENT

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59

the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60

Desired outcomes Suggested responses

One two and three-bedroom

dwellings

One two and three-bedroom affordable

housing

dwelling types provide rooms of

sufficient dimensions to support the

safe comfortable and convenient use of

and movement around furniture

facilities and fittings needed by

householders

Studio apartments

Studio apartment rooms provide

adequate space for the function of

individual units including

bull sleeping living dining and kitchen

areas and

bull adequate bathroom laundry and

clothes dryingfacilities

Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table

Studio apartments generally conform to a

minimum

gross floor area of 30m2

The room sizes generally conform to the

following table

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61

Afordability Survey and Analysis

Category

Sample

Income group

Current status

Current Facilities Wishlist

Affordable EMI Analysis

Low

Inco

me

Gro

up

case

-1

A small 2BHK unit

of approx

35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs

lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)

4000

Rentedcommon washrooms

separate washroom

1500 PM no privacy Privacy

Mid

dle

Cla

ss

case

-1

10000-35000

Single 2BHK Family 2bhk

A Good 23BHK unit of approx

100 sqyard in range of

18-25 lacs

Rented Good location 7000

11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry

Bigger balcony

More natural light

Bigger Bedrooms

Good storage Space

case

-2

10000-35000

Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms

RentedBigger living area

7000 PM Good height 10000

Minimum shafts

small kitchenlaundry

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62

EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT

AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1

Category - EWS

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR

CASE -2

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35

CASE -3

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE

5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25

35

40

25

30

1060

30

1060

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63

63

AREA -DAYANAND COLONY

CASE -1

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

1010

30

50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65

GENERAL PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68

NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69

SPACE RELATIONSHIP

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71

Approach for investigating

affordable housing

Knowledge about future

house

Knowledge about present

house

Knowledge about Family

Payment Method

Preferred Area

PreferredLocation

Affordability

TypologicalPreferences

SpacePreferences

Location winNeighborhood

AdvantagesDis

Home TypeOwnershipStatus

Location

NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces

Degree ofSatisfaction

Income level

No of Family Members

EducationalLevel

(husbandwife)

Work Sector

No of Cars

Domestic Labor

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

72

AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

10

10

30

50

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

73

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

74

Conclusion

While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are

increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as

televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While

we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an

auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living

in a slum-like dwelling

It is understandable that economic

growth leads to rise in income but this

has led to even faster rise in property

prices leaving it unaffordable for majority

of population Affordable housing is

expected to have a positive by improving

basic quality of life Problems like traffic

congestion air quality commute times

etc can be resolved by providing proper

housing facilities to the weaker sections

of the society While the concept of

affordable housing seems to be a simple

solution to current housing woes its

execution remains complicated due to the

unclear policy framework To make

affordable housing work in India it would

require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by

slightly adjusting their interests towards a

wider social cause

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

75

Land use planning and

development

The project of the poor

Development standards

Land supply

Land value

Land affordability

Subdivision

Land market

Allocation

Demand

Intervention rationale

Neo liberalism

Site and Service

Subdivision

Land policy

Efficiency and equity

Land management

Direct intervention world

bank

Learning by doing

Site and service

subdivision

Poverty alleviation

Suitability and

acceptability

Affordability standards

subdivision

Intervention usually takes three broad categories

bull planning regulations

bull direct government investments and

bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation

Land management improvements

Example Land Readjustment

direct public investment

Example land banking

Example Site-and-Service

OBJECTIVES

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at

1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on

rental or ownership basis

2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter

options especially to the vulnerable groups

and the poor

3 Ensuring that housing along with the

supporting services is treated as a priority and

at par with infrastructure sector

4 Removing barriers related to legal financial

and administrative for facilitating access to

land finance and technology

5 Forging strong partnership between private

public and cooperative sectors to enhance the

capacity of the construction industry to

participate in every sphere of housing and

habitat

6 Using technology for modernizing the

housing sector to increase efficiency

productivity energy efficiency and quality

7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions

and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for

adding to the housing stock

THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including

formulation of effective

foreclosure laws

bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of

resources to the

housing and infrastructure sector

bull Develop a debt market for housing and

infrastructure fully integrated

with the financial markets in the country

bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the

requirement of low cost funds

for the housing needs of the poor

bull Promote research and development and transfer of

technology for

construction of houses

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available

resources to promote development and growth in a

sustained manner

bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing

infrastructure innovative and energy saving

construction materials and methods and also set up

a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the

concessions are correctly targeted and utilized

bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological

standards to protect the environment and provide a

better quality of life in human settlements

bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage

market

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD

1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a

boost to housing and supporting infrastructure

2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in

undertaking housing construction for all segments in

urban and rural areas

3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to

land

4 Facilitate training of construction workers by

converging other development programs through

building centers and other agencies

5 Promote decentralized production and availability of

building material

6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their

responsibilities in regulatory and development

functions

THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare

District Housing Action Plans for rural areas

2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and

augment supply of land for housing particularly

for the vulnerable group

3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural

infrastructure services

4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for

planned development

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE

COMPANIES WOULD

1 Redefine their role and move away from their

traditional approach to housing finance

2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the

needs of people

3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to

those who are in dire need of housing finance

support

4 Mobilize resources from provident funds

insurance funds mutual funds etc For house

building activities

5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize

domestic savings

HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS

DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND

OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role

for facilitating land assembly and development of

infrastructure

2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and

cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient

manner

3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement

THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND

CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD

1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of

houses and development of amenities

2 Forge partnership with state governments and local

authorities for construction of houses

3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out

schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization

basis

RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

ORGANIZATIONS WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw

materials

2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace

them with renewable resources

3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by

various public and private construction agencies

4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and

construction methods

5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the

housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste

based energy

6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new

constructions as well as strengthening of existing

houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and

human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes

cyclones and floods

7 Disseminate (spread) information about new

technologies and provide training to construction

workers in the use of new technologies

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

84

Role of PPP in Affordable Housing

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

85

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

86

JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance

No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million

No of Houses under Progress 0265 million

Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores

(BSUP+IHSDP)

997

achieved

Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of

Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline

Target of 27 cities

27 cities

achieved

Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of

developed land for EWSLIG Timeline

Target of 16 cities

16 cities

achieved

The JNNURM Initiative

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

87

i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP

ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath

iii Vector-free housing layout

iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces

v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and

vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness

Inclusive Planning amp Architecture

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

88

Recommendations

bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100

ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households

ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs

ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment

ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure

ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by

ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and

conversion of agricultural lands for urban use

ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for

making a proper assessment of land

requirements and allocation of such lands for

different uses

ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

89

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

90

Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

91

Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels

Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

92

SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66

References

Inferences

Books

Internet

Case Studies

Library references

bullNational Building Codes

bullGreen Households Domestic consumers

environment and sustainability

bullSustainable design practice

bullModern architecture

bullGaia House Design

bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy

Charles chorea and Raj

Reval

bullIntach library

Net references

bullWikipediacom

bullGooglecoin

bullDDA website

bullWHO living

standards

Case studies

bullResidences in old

Delhi

bullOther

contemporary

houses in

surrounding

houses

References

Page 47: Dessertation ii sem [autosaved]

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 47

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 48

Plot SizeThe minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75 percent shall not be less than 40 sqm in small and medium town and not less than 30 sqm in metropolitan cities Plot sizes below 30 sqm but not less than 15 sqm may be permitted in case of cluster planning however in such cases the ground coverage and FSI shall be 100 percent and 2 percent respectively

NOTES1 In exceptional cases in metropolitan cities with population more than 1 million the size of plots may be brought down to 25 sqm in cases of low income housing colonies located in congested areas as decided by the Authority In mega-cities it may be further reduced to 15 m2 In such cases where plot size is below 25 sqm only cluster planning or group housing may be adopted

2 A minimum of 25 percent of the plot size shall be left open without adversely affecting light and ventilation for habitable spaces and toilet It shall not be made mandatory to leave set back on any side

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 49

Vehicular AccessA right of way of at least 6 m width should be provided up to theentrance to the cluster to facilitate emergency vehicle movement up tocluster

DensityCluster planning methodologies result in higher densities with low risestructures With per dwelling unit covered area of 15 sqm densities of500 dwelling units per hectare (net) shall be permissible Densitieshigher than this should not allowed

Group ToiletCluster housing for economically weaker section families can havegroup toilets at the rate of one water closet one bath and a washingplace for three families

Size of RoomHabitable RoomEvery dwelling unit to be provided should have at least two habitable rooms Even if one room house is provided initially it should be capable of adding a new second room in future However in case single room tenements are required to be provided where future additions are not possible the carpet area of multipurpose single room should be at least 125 m2Such one room dwelling units with 125 m2 carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case of on site rehabilitation of slum dwellers In a house of two rooms first room shall not be less than 90 m2 with minimum width of 25 m and second room shall not be less than 65 m2 with minimum width of 21 m provided the total area of both the rooms is not less than 155 m2 In incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room

SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF CLUSTER PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 51

Life style

Affordability

Social Classification

Life style

SALARY CLASS

BUSINESS CLASS

BOTH WORKING

JOINT FAMILY

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52

Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi

Zone ndashF

a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)

LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53

The component method of design provides a broad frame work for

achieving the described life style objectives

HOUSING COMPONENT

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59

the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60

Desired outcomes Suggested responses

One two and three-bedroom

dwellings

One two and three-bedroom affordable

housing

dwelling types provide rooms of

sufficient dimensions to support the

safe comfortable and convenient use of

and movement around furniture

facilities and fittings needed by

householders

Studio apartments

Studio apartment rooms provide

adequate space for the function of

individual units including

bull sleeping living dining and kitchen

areas and

bull adequate bathroom laundry and

clothes dryingfacilities

Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table

Studio apartments generally conform to a

minimum

gross floor area of 30m2

The room sizes generally conform to the

following table

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61

Afordability Survey and Analysis

Category

Sample

Income group

Current status

Current Facilities Wishlist

Affordable EMI Analysis

Low

Inco

me

Gro

up

case

-1

A small 2BHK unit

of approx

35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs

lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)

4000

Rentedcommon washrooms

separate washroom

1500 PM no privacy Privacy

Mid

dle

Cla

ss

case

-1

10000-35000

Single 2BHK Family 2bhk

A Good 23BHK unit of approx

100 sqyard in range of

18-25 lacs

Rented Good location 7000

11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry

Bigger balcony

More natural light

Bigger Bedrooms

Good storage Space

case

-2

10000-35000

Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms

RentedBigger living area

7000 PM Good height 10000

Minimum shafts

small kitchenlaundry

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62

EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT

AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1

Category - EWS

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR

CASE -2

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35

CASE -3

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE

5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25

35

40

25

30

1060

30

1060

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63

63

AREA -DAYANAND COLONY

CASE -1

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

1010

30

50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65

GENERAL PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68

NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69

SPACE RELATIONSHIP

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71

Approach for investigating

affordable housing

Knowledge about future

house

Knowledge about present

house

Knowledge about Family

Payment Method

Preferred Area

PreferredLocation

Affordability

TypologicalPreferences

SpacePreferences

Location winNeighborhood

AdvantagesDis

Home TypeOwnershipStatus

Location

NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces

Degree ofSatisfaction

Income level

No of Family Members

EducationalLevel

(husbandwife)

Work Sector

No of Cars

Domestic Labor

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

72

AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

10

10

30

50

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

73

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

74

Conclusion

While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are

increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as

televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While

we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an

auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living

in a slum-like dwelling

It is understandable that economic

growth leads to rise in income but this

has led to even faster rise in property

prices leaving it unaffordable for majority

of population Affordable housing is

expected to have a positive by improving

basic quality of life Problems like traffic

congestion air quality commute times

etc can be resolved by providing proper

housing facilities to the weaker sections

of the society While the concept of

affordable housing seems to be a simple

solution to current housing woes its

execution remains complicated due to the

unclear policy framework To make

affordable housing work in India it would

require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by

slightly adjusting their interests towards a

wider social cause

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

75

Land use planning and

development

The project of the poor

Development standards

Land supply

Land value

Land affordability

Subdivision

Land market

Allocation

Demand

Intervention rationale

Neo liberalism

Site and Service

Subdivision

Land policy

Efficiency and equity

Land management

Direct intervention world

bank

Learning by doing

Site and service

subdivision

Poverty alleviation

Suitability and

acceptability

Affordability standards

subdivision

Intervention usually takes three broad categories

bull planning regulations

bull direct government investments and

bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation

Land management improvements

Example Land Readjustment

direct public investment

Example land banking

Example Site-and-Service

OBJECTIVES

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at

1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on

rental or ownership basis

2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter

options especially to the vulnerable groups

and the poor

3 Ensuring that housing along with the

supporting services is treated as a priority and

at par with infrastructure sector

4 Removing barriers related to legal financial

and administrative for facilitating access to

land finance and technology

5 Forging strong partnership between private

public and cooperative sectors to enhance the

capacity of the construction industry to

participate in every sphere of housing and

habitat

6 Using technology for modernizing the

housing sector to increase efficiency

productivity energy efficiency and quality

7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions

and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for

adding to the housing stock

THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including

formulation of effective

foreclosure laws

bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of

resources to the

housing and infrastructure sector

bull Develop a debt market for housing and

infrastructure fully integrated

with the financial markets in the country

bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the

requirement of low cost funds

for the housing needs of the poor

bull Promote research and development and transfer of

technology for

construction of houses

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available

resources to promote development and growth in a

sustained manner

bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing

infrastructure innovative and energy saving

construction materials and methods and also set up

a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the

concessions are correctly targeted and utilized

bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological

standards to protect the environment and provide a

better quality of life in human settlements

bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage

market

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD

1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a

boost to housing and supporting infrastructure

2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in

undertaking housing construction for all segments in

urban and rural areas

3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to

land

4 Facilitate training of construction workers by

converging other development programs through

building centers and other agencies

5 Promote decentralized production and availability of

building material

6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their

responsibilities in regulatory and development

functions

THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare

District Housing Action Plans for rural areas

2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and

augment supply of land for housing particularly

for the vulnerable group

3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural

infrastructure services

4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for

planned development

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE

COMPANIES WOULD

1 Redefine their role and move away from their

traditional approach to housing finance

2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the

needs of people

3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to

those who are in dire need of housing finance

support

4 Mobilize resources from provident funds

insurance funds mutual funds etc For house

building activities

5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize

domestic savings

HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS

DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND

OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role

for facilitating land assembly and development of

infrastructure

2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and

cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient

manner

3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement

THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND

CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD

1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of

houses and development of amenities

2 Forge partnership with state governments and local

authorities for construction of houses

3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out

schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization

basis

RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

ORGANIZATIONS WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw

materials

2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace

them with renewable resources

3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by

various public and private construction agencies

4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and

construction methods

5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the

housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste

based energy

6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new

constructions as well as strengthening of existing

houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and

human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes

cyclones and floods

7 Disseminate (spread) information about new

technologies and provide training to construction

workers in the use of new technologies

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

84

Role of PPP in Affordable Housing

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

85

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

86

JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance

No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million

No of Houses under Progress 0265 million

Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores

(BSUP+IHSDP)

997

achieved

Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of

Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline

Target of 27 cities

27 cities

achieved

Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of

developed land for EWSLIG Timeline

Target of 16 cities

16 cities

achieved

The JNNURM Initiative

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

87

i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP

ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath

iii Vector-free housing layout

iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces

v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and

vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness

Inclusive Planning amp Architecture

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

88

Recommendations

bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100

ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households

ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs

ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment

ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure

ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by

ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and

conversion of agricultural lands for urban use

ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for

making a proper assessment of land

requirements and allocation of such lands for

different uses

ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

89

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

90

Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

91

Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels

Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

92

SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66

References

Inferences

Books

Internet

Case Studies

Library references

bullNational Building Codes

bullGreen Households Domestic consumers

environment and sustainability

bullSustainable design practice

bullModern architecture

bullGaia House Design

bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy

Charles chorea and Raj

Reval

bullIntach library

Net references

bullWikipediacom

bullGooglecoin

bullDDA website

bullWHO living

standards

Case studies

bullResidences in old

Delhi

bullOther

contemporary

houses in

surrounding

houses

References

Page 48: Dessertation ii sem [autosaved]

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 48

Plot SizeThe minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75 percent shall not be less than 40 sqm in small and medium town and not less than 30 sqm in metropolitan cities Plot sizes below 30 sqm but not less than 15 sqm may be permitted in case of cluster planning however in such cases the ground coverage and FSI shall be 100 percent and 2 percent respectively

NOTES1 In exceptional cases in metropolitan cities with population more than 1 million the size of plots may be brought down to 25 sqm in cases of low income housing colonies located in congested areas as decided by the Authority In mega-cities it may be further reduced to 15 m2 In such cases where plot size is below 25 sqm only cluster planning or group housing may be adopted

2 A minimum of 25 percent of the plot size shall be left open without adversely affecting light and ventilation for habitable spaces and toilet It shall not be made mandatory to leave set back on any side

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 49

Vehicular AccessA right of way of at least 6 m width should be provided up to theentrance to the cluster to facilitate emergency vehicle movement up tocluster

DensityCluster planning methodologies result in higher densities with low risestructures With per dwelling unit covered area of 15 sqm densities of500 dwelling units per hectare (net) shall be permissible Densitieshigher than this should not allowed

Group ToiletCluster housing for economically weaker section families can havegroup toilets at the rate of one water closet one bath and a washingplace for three families

Size of RoomHabitable RoomEvery dwelling unit to be provided should have at least two habitable rooms Even if one room house is provided initially it should be capable of adding a new second room in future However in case single room tenements are required to be provided where future additions are not possible the carpet area of multipurpose single room should be at least 125 m2Such one room dwelling units with 125 m2 carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case of on site rehabilitation of slum dwellers In a house of two rooms first room shall not be less than 90 m2 with minimum width of 25 m and second room shall not be less than 65 m2 with minimum width of 21 m provided the total area of both the rooms is not less than 155 m2 In incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room

SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF CLUSTER PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 51

Life style

Affordability

Social Classification

Life style

SALARY CLASS

BUSINESS CLASS

BOTH WORKING

JOINT FAMILY

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52

Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi

Zone ndashF

a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)

LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53

The component method of design provides a broad frame work for

achieving the described life style objectives

HOUSING COMPONENT

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59

the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60

Desired outcomes Suggested responses

One two and three-bedroom

dwellings

One two and three-bedroom affordable

housing

dwelling types provide rooms of

sufficient dimensions to support the

safe comfortable and convenient use of

and movement around furniture

facilities and fittings needed by

householders

Studio apartments

Studio apartment rooms provide

adequate space for the function of

individual units including

bull sleeping living dining and kitchen

areas and

bull adequate bathroom laundry and

clothes dryingfacilities

Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table

Studio apartments generally conform to a

minimum

gross floor area of 30m2

The room sizes generally conform to the

following table

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61

Afordability Survey and Analysis

Category

Sample

Income group

Current status

Current Facilities Wishlist

Affordable EMI Analysis

Low

Inco

me

Gro

up

case

-1

A small 2BHK unit

of approx

35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs

lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)

4000

Rentedcommon washrooms

separate washroom

1500 PM no privacy Privacy

Mid

dle

Cla

ss

case

-1

10000-35000

Single 2BHK Family 2bhk

A Good 23BHK unit of approx

100 sqyard in range of

18-25 lacs

Rented Good location 7000

11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry

Bigger balcony

More natural light

Bigger Bedrooms

Good storage Space

case

-2

10000-35000

Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms

RentedBigger living area

7000 PM Good height 10000

Minimum shafts

small kitchenlaundry

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62

EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT

AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1

Category - EWS

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR

CASE -2

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35

CASE -3

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE

5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25

35

40

25

30

1060

30

1060

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63

63

AREA -DAYANAND COLONY

CASE -1

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

1010

30

50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65

GENERAL PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68

NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69

SPACE RELATIONSHIP

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71

Approach for investigating

affordable housing

Knowledge about future

house

Knowledge about present

house

Knowledge about Family

Payment Method

Preferred Area

PreferredLocation

Affordability

TypologicalPreferences

SpacePreferences

Location winNeighborhood

AdvantagesDis

Home TypeOwnershipStatus

Location

NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces

Degree ofSatisfaction

Income level

No of Family Members

EducationalLevel

(husbandwife)

Work Sector

No of Cars

Domestic Labor

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

72

AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

10

10

30

50

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

73

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

74

Conclusion

While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are

increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as

televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While

we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an

auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living

in a slum-like dwelling

It is understandable that economic

growth leads to rise in income but this

has led to even faster rise in property

prices leaving it unaffordable for majority

of population Affordable housing is

expected to have a positive by improving

basic quality of life Problems like traffic

congestion air quality commute times

etc can be resolved by providing proper

housing facilities to the weaker sections

of the society While the concept of

affordable housing seems to be a simple

solution to current housing woes its

execution remains complicated due to the

unclear policy framework To make

affordable housing work in India it would

require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by

slightly adjusting their interests towards a

wider social cause

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

75

Land use planning and

development

The project of the poor

Development standards

Land supply

Land value

Land affordability

Subdivision

Land market

Allocation

Demand

Intervention rationale

Neo liberalism

Site and Service

Subdivision

Land policy

Efficiency and equity

Land management

Direct intervention world

bank

Learning by doing

Site and service

subdivision

Poverty alleviation

Suitability and

acceptability

Affordability standards

subdivision

Intervention usually takes three broad categories

bull planning regulations

bull direct government investments and

bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation

Land management improvements

Example Land Readjustment

direct public investment

Example land banking

Example Site-and-Service

OBJECTIVES

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at

1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on

rental or ownership basis

2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter

options especially to the vulnerable groups

and the poor

3 Ensuring that housing along with the

supporting services is treated as a priority and

at par with infrastructure sector

4 Removing barriers related to legal financial

and administrative for facilitating access to

land finance and technology

5 Forging strong partnership between private

public and cooperative sectors to enhance the

capacity of the construction industry to

participate in every sphere of housing and

habitat

6 Using technology for modernizing the

housing sector to increase efficiency

productivity energy efficiency and quality

7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions

and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for

adding to the housing stock

THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including

formulation of effective

foreclosure laws

bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of

resources to the

housing and infrastructure sector

bull Develop a debt market for housing and

infrastructure fully integrated

with the financial markets in the country

bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the

requirement of low cost funds

for the housing needs of the poor

bull Promote research and development and transfer of

technology for

construction of houses

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available

resources to promote development and growth in a

sustained manner

bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing

infrastructure innovative and energy saving

construction materials and methods and also set up

a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the

concessions are correctly targeted and utilized

bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological

standards to protect the environment and provide a

better quality of life in human settlements

bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage

market

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD

1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a

boost to housing and supporting infrastructure

2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in

undertaking housing construction for all segments in

urban and rural areas

3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to

land

4 Facilitate training of construction workers by

converging other development programs through

building centers and other agencies

5 Promote decentralized production and availability of

building material

6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their

responsibilities in regulatory and development

functions

THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare

District Housing Action Plans for rural areas

2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and

augment supply of land for housing particularly

for the vulnerable group

3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural

infrastructure services

4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for

planned development

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE

COMPANIES WOULD

1 Redefine their role and move away from their

traditional approach to housing finance

2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the

needs of people

3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to

those who are in dire need of housing finance

support

4 Mobilize resources from provident funds

insurance funds mutual funds etc For house

building activities

5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize

domestic savings

HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS

DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND

OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role

for facilitating land assembly and development of

infrastructure

2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and

cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient

manner

3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement

THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND

CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD

1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of

houses and development of amenities

2 Forge partnership with state governments and local

authorities for construction of houses

3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out

schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization

basis

RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

ORGANIZATIONS WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw

materials

2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace

them with renewable resources

3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by

various public and private construction agencies

4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and

construction methods

5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the

housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste

based energy

6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new

constructions as well as strengthening of existing

houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and

human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes

cyclones and floods

7 Disseminate (spread) information about new

technologies and provide training to construction

workers in the use of new technologies

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

84

Role of PPP in Affordable Housing

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

85

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

86

JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance

No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million

No of Houses under Progress 0265 million

Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores

(BSUP+IHSDP)

997

achieved

Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of

Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline

Target of 27 cities

27 cities

achieved

Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of

developed land for EWSLIG Timeline

Target of 16 cities

16 cities

achieved

The JNNURM Initiative

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

87

i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP

ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath

iii Vector-free housing layout

iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces

v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and

vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness

Inclusive Planning amp Architecture

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

88

Recommendations

bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100

ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households

ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs

ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment

ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure

ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by

ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and

conversion of agricultural lands for urban use

ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for

making a proper assessment of land

requirements and allocation of such lands for

different uses

ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

89

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

90

Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

91

Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels

Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

92

SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66

References

Inferences

Books

Internet

Case Studies

Library references

bullNational Building Codes

bullGreen Households Domestic consumers

environment and sustainability

bullSustainable design practice

bullModern architecture

bullGaia House Design

bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy

Charles chorea and Raj

Reval

bullIntach library

Net references

bullWikipediacom

bullGooglecoin

bullDDA website

bullWHO living

standards

Case studies

bullResidences in old

Delhi

bullOther

contemporary

houses in

surrounding

houses

References

Page 49: Dessertation ii sem [autosaved]

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 49

Vehicular AccessA right of way of at least 6 m width should be provided up to theentrance to the cluster to facilitate emergency vehicle movement up tocluster

DensityCluster planning methodologies result in higher densities with low risestructures With per dwelling unit covered area of 15 sqm densities of500 dwelling units per hectare (net) shall be permissible Densitieshigher than this should not allowed

Group ToiletCluster housing for economically weaker section families can havegroup toilets at the rate of one water closet one bath and a washingplace for three families

Size of RoomHabitable RoomEvery dwelling unit to be provided should have at least two habitable rooms Even if one room house is provided initially it should be capable of adding a new second room in future However in case single room tenements are required to be provided where future additions are not possible the carpet area of multipurpose single room should be at least 125 m2Such one room dwelling units with 125 m2 carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case of on site rehabilitation of slum dwellers In a house of two rooms first room shall not be less than 90 m2 with minimum width of 25 m and second room shall not be less than 65 m2 with minimum width of 21 m provided the total area of both the rooms is not less than 155 m2 In incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room

SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF CLUSTER PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 51

Life style

Affordability

Social Classification

Life style

SALARY CLASS

BUSINESS CLASS

BOTH WORKING

JOINT FAMILY

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52

Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi

Zone ndashF

a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)

LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53

The component method of design provides a broad frame work for

achieving the described life style objectives

HOUSING COMPONENT

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59

the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60

Desired outcomes Suggested responses

One two and three-bedroom

dwellings

One two and three-bedroom affordable

housing

dwelling types provide rooms of

sufficient dimensions to support the

safe comfortable and convenient use of

and movement around furniture

facilities and fittings needed by

householders

Studio apartments

Studio apartment rooms provide

adequate space for the function of

individual units including

bull sleeping living dining and kitchen

areas and

bull adequate bathroom laundry and

clothes dryingfacilities

Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table

Studio apartments generally conform to a

minimum

gross floor area of 30m2

The room sizes generally conform to the

following table

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61

Afordability Survey and Analysis

Category

Sample

Income group

Current status

Current Facilities Wishlist

Affordable EMI Analysis

Low

Inco

me

Gro

up

case

-1

A small 2BHK unit

of approx

35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs

lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)

4000

Rentedcommon washrooms

separate washroom

1500 PM no privacy Privacy

Mid

dle

Cla

ss

case

-1

10000-35000

Single 2BHK Family 2bhk

A Good 23BHK unit of approx

100 sqyard in range of

18-25 lacs

Rented Good location 7000

11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry

Bigger balcony

More natural light

Bigger Bedrooms

Good storage Space

case

-2

10000-35000

Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms

RentedBigger living area

7000 PM Good height 10000

Minimum shafts

small kitchenlaundry

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62

EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT

AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1

Category - EWS

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR

CASE -2

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35

CASE -3

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE

5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25

35

40

25

30

1060

30

1060

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63

63

AREA -DAYANAND COLONY

CASE -1

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

1010

30

50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65

GENERAL PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68

NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69

SPACE RELATIONSHIP

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71

Approach for investigating

affordable housing

Knowledge about future

house

Knowledge about present

house

Knowledge about Family

Payment Method

Preferred Area

PreferredLocation

Affordability

TypologicalPreferences

SpacePreferences

Location winNeighborhood

AdvantagesDis

Home TypeOwnershipStatus

Location

NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces

Degree ofSatisfaction

Income level

No of Family Members

EducationalLevel

(husbandwife)

Work Sector

No of Cars

Domestic Labor

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

72

AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

10

10

30

50

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

73

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

74

Conclusion

While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are

increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as

televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While

we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an

auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living

in a slum-like dwelling

It is understandable that economic

growth leads to rise in income but this

has led to even faster rise in property

prices leaving it unaffordable for majority

of population Affordable housing is

expected to have a positive by improving

basic quality of life Problems like traffic

congestion air quality commute times

etc can be resolved by providing proper

housing facilities to the weaker sections

of the society While the concept of

affordable housing seems to be a simple

solution to current housing woes its

execution remains complicated due to the

unclear policy framework To make

affordable housing work in India it would

require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by

slightly adjusting their interests towards a

wider social cause

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

75

Land use planning and

development

The project of the poor

Development standards

Land supply

Land value

Land affordability

Subdivision

Land market

Allocation

Demand

Intervention rationale

Neo liberalism

Site and Service

Subdivision

Land policy

Efficiency and equity

Land management

Direct intervention world

bank

Learning by doing

Site and service

subdivision

Poverty alleviation

Suitability and

acceptability

Affordability standards

subdivision

Intervention usually takes three broad categories

bull planning regulations

bull direct government investments and

bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation

Land management improvements

Example Land Readjustment

direct public investment

Example land banking

Example Site-and-Service

OBJECTIVES

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at

1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on

rental or ownership basis

2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter

options especially to the vulnerable groups

and the poor

3 Ensuring that housing along with the

supporting services is treated as a priority and

at par with infrastructure sector

4 Removing barriers related to legal financial

and administrative for facilitating access to

land finance and technology

5 Forging strong partnership between private

public and cooperative sectors to enhance the

capacity of the construction industry to

participate in every sphere of housing and

habitat

6 Using technology for modernizing the

housing sector to increase efficiency

productivity energy efficiency and quality

7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions

and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for

adding to the housing stock

THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including

formulation of effective

foreclosure laws

bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of

resources to the

housing and infrastructure sector

bull Develop a debt market for housing and

infrastructure fully integrated

with the financial markets in the country

bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the

requirement of low cost funds

for the housing needs of the poor

bull Promote research and development and transfer of

technology for

construction of houses

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available

resources to promote development and growth in a

sustained manner

bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing

infrastructure innovative and energy saving

construction materials and methods and also set up

a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the

concessions are correctly targeted and utilized

bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological

standards to protect the environment and provide a

better quality of life in human settlements

bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage

market

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD

1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a

boost to housing and supporting infrastructure

2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in

undertaking housing construction for all segments in

urban and rural areas

3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to

land

4 Facilitate training of construction workers by

converging other development programs through

building centers and other agencies

5 Promote decentralized production and availability of

building material

6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their

responsibilities in regulatory and development

functions

THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare

District Housing Action Plans for rural areas

2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and

augment supply of land for housing particularly

for the vulnerable group

3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural

infrastructure services

4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for

planned development

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE

COMPANIES WOULD

1 Redefine their role and move away from their

traditional approach to housing finance

2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the

needs of people

3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to

those who are in dire need of housing finance

support

4 Mobilize resources from provident funds

insurance funds mutual funds etc For house

building activities

5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize

domestic savings

HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS

DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND

OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role

for facilitating land assembly and development of

infrastructure

2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and

cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient

manner

3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement

THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND

CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD

1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of

houses and development of amenities

2 Forge partnership with state governments and local

authorities for construction of houses

3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out

schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization

basis

RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

ORGANIZATIONS WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw

materials

2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace

them with renewable resources

3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by

various public and private construction agencies

4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and

construction methods

5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the

housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste

based energy

6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new

constructions as well as strengthening of existing

houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and

human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes

cyclones and floods

7 Disseminate (spread) information about new

technologies and provide training to construction

workers in the use of new technologies

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

84

Role of PPP in Affordable Housing

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

85

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

86

JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance

No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million

No of Houses under Progress 0265 million

Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores

(BSUP+IHSDP)

997

achieved

Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of

Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline

Target of 27 cities

27 cities

achieved

Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of

developed land for EWSLIG Timeline

Target of 16 cities

16 cities

achieved

The JNNURM Initiative

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

87

i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP

ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath

iii Vector-free housing layout

iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces

v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and

vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness

Inclusive Planning amp Architecture

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

88

Recommendations

bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100

ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households

ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs

ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment

ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure

ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by

ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and

conversion of agricultural lands for urban use

ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for

making a proper assessment of land

requirements and allocation of such lands for

different uses

ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

89

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

90

Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

91

Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels

Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

92

SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66

References

Inferences

Books

Internet

Case Studies

Library references

bullNational Building Codes

bullGreen Households Domestic consumers

environment and sustainability

bullSustainable design practice

bullModern architecture

bullGaia House Design

bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy

Charles chorea and Raj

Reval

bullIntach library

Net references

bullWikipediacom

bullGooglecoin

bullDDA website

bullWHO living

standards

Case studies

bullResidences in old

Delhi

bullOther

contemporary

houses in

surrounding

houses

References

Page 50: Dessertation ii sem [autosaved]

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 51

Life style

Affordability

Social Classification

Life style

SALARY CLASS

BUSINESS CLASS

BOTH WORKING

JOINT FAMILY

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52

Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi

Zone ndashF

a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)

LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53

The component method of design provides a broad frame work for

achieving the described life style objectives

HOUSING COMPONENT

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59

the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60

Desired outcomes Suggested responses

One two and three-bedroom

dwellings

One two and three-bedroom affordable

housing

dwelling types provide rooms of

sufficient dimensions to support the

safe comfortable and convenient use of

and movement around furniture

facilities and fittings needed by

householders

Studio apartments

Studio apartment rooms provide

adequate space for the function of

individual units including

bull sleeping living dining and kitchen

areas and

bull adequate bathroom laundry and

clothes dryingfacilities

Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table

Studio apartments generally conform to a

minimum

gross floor area of 30m2

The room sizes generally conform to the

following table

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61

Afordability Survey and Analysis

Category

Sample

Income group

Current status

Current Facilities Wishlist

Affordable EMI Analysis

Low

Inco

me

Gro

up

case

-1

A small 2BHK unit

of approx

35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs

lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)

4000

Rentedcommon washrooms

separate washroom

1500 PM no privacy Privacy

Mid

dle

Cla

ss

case

-1

10000-35000

Single 2BHK Family 2bhk

A Good 23BHK unit of approx

100 sqyard in range of

18-25 lacs

Rented Good location 7000

11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry

Bigger balcony

More natural light

Bigger Bedrooms

Good storage Space

case

-2

10000-35000

Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms

RentedBigger living area

7000 PM Good height 10000

Minimum shafts

small kitchenlaundry

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62

EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT

AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1

Category - EWS

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR

CASE -2

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35

CASE -3

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE

5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25

35

40

25

30

1060

30

1060

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63

63

AREA -DAYANAND COLONY

CASE -1

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

1010

30

50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65

GENERAL PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68

NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69

SPACE RELATIONSHIP

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71

Approach for investigating

affordable housing

Knowledge about future

house

Knowledge about present

house

Knowledge about Family

Payment Method

Preferred Area

PreferredLocation

Affordability

TypologicalPreferences

SpacePreferences

Location winNeighborhood

AdvantagesDis

Home TypeOwnershipStatus

Location

NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces

Degree ofSatisfaction

Income level

No of Family Members

EducationalLevel

(husbandwife)

Work Sector

No of Cars

Domestic Labor

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

72

AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

10

10

30

50

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

73

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

74

Conclusion

While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are

increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as

televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While

we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an

auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living

in a slum-like dwelling

It is understandable that economic

growth leads to rise in income but this

has led to even faster rise in property

prices leaving it unaffordable for majority

of population Affordable housing is

expected to have a positive by improving

basic quality of life Problems like traffic

congestion air quality commute times

etc can be resolved by providing proper

housing facilities to the weaker sections

of the society While the concept of

affordable housing seems to be a simple

solution to current housing woes its

execution remains complicated due to the

unclear policy framework To make

affordable housing work in India it would

require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by

slightly adjusting their interests towards a

wider social cause

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

75

Land use planning and

development

The project of the poor

Development standards

Land supply

Land value

Land affordability

Subdivision

Land market

Allocation

Demand

Intervention rationale

Neo liberalism

Site and Service

Subdivision

Land policy

Efficiency and equity

Land management

Direct intervention world

bank

Learning by doing

Site and service

subdivision

Poverty alleviation

Suitability and

acceptability

Affordability standards

subdivision

Intervention usually takes three broad categories

bull planning regulations

bull direct government investments and

bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation

Land management improvements

Example Land Readjustment

direct public investment

Example land banking

Example Site-and-Service

OBJECTIVES

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at

1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on

rental or ownership basis

2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter

options especially to the vulnerable groups

and the poor

3 Ensuring that housing along with the

supporting services is treated as a priority and

at par with infrastructure sector

4 Removing barriers related to legal financial

and administrative for facilitating access to

land finance and technology

5 Forging strong partnership between private

public and cooperative sectors to enhance the

capacity of the construction industry to

participate in every sphere of housing and

habitat

6 Using technology for modernizing the

housing sector to increase efficiency

productivity energy efficiency and quality

7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions

and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for

adding to the housing stock

THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including

formulation of effective

foreclosure laws

bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of

resources to the

housing and infrastructure sector

bull Develop a debt market for housing and

infrastructure fully integrated

with the financial markets in the country

bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the

requirement of low cost funds

for the housing needs of the poor

bull Promote research and development and transfer of

technology for

construction of houses

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available

resources to promote development and growth in a

sustained manner

bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing

infrastructure innovative and energy saving

construction materials and methods and also set up

a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the

concessions are correctly targeted and utilized

bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological

standards to protect the environment and provide a

better quality of life in human settlements

bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage

market

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD

1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a

boost to housing and supporting infrastructure

2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in

undertaking housing construction for all segments in

urban and rural areas

3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to

land

4 Facilitate training of construction workers by

converging other development programs through

building centers and other agencies

5 Promote decentralized production and availability of

building material

6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their

responsibilities in regulatory and development

functions

THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare

District Housing Action Plans for rural areas

2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and

augment supply of land for housing particularly

for the vulnerable group

3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural

infrastructure services

4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for

planned development

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE

COMPANIES WOULD

1 Redefine their role and move away from their

traditional approach to housing finance

2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the

needs of people

3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to

those who are in dire need of housing finance

support

4 Mobilize resources from provident funds

insurance funds mutual funds etc For house

building activities

5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize

domestic savings

HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS

DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND

OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role

for facilitating land assembly and development of

infrastructure

2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and

cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient

manner

3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement

THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND

CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD

1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of

houses and development of amenities

2 Forge partnership with state governments and local

authorities for construction of houses

3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out

schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization

basis

RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

ORGANIZATIONS WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw

materials

2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace

them with renewable resources

3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by

various public and private construction agencies

4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and

construction methods

5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the

housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste

based energy

6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new

constructions as well as strengthening of existing

houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and

human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes

cyclones and floods

7 Disseminate (spread) information about new

technologies and provide training to construction

workers in the use of new technologies

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

84

Role of PPP in Affordable Housing

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

85

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

86

JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance

No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million

No of Houses under Progress 0265 million

Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores

(BSUP+IHSDP)

997

achieved

Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of

Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline

Target of 27 cities

27 cities

achieved

Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of

developed land for EWSLIG Timeline

Target of 16 cities

16 cities

achieved

The JNNURM Initiative

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

87

i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP

ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath

iii Vector-free housing layout

iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces

v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and

vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness

Inclusive Planning amp Architecture

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

88

Recommendations

bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100

ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households

ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs

ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment

ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure

ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by

ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and

conversion of agricultural lands for urban use

ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for

making a proper assessment of land

requirements and allocation of such lands for

different uses

ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

89

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

90

Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

91

Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels

Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

92

SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66

References

Inferences

Books

Internet

Case Studies

Library references

bullNational Building Codes

bullGreen Households Domestic consumers

environment and sustainability

bullSustainable design practice

bullModern architecture

bullGaia House Design

bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy

Charles chorea and Raj

Reval

bullIntach library

Net references

bullWikipediacom

bullGooglecoin

bullDDA website

bullWHO living

standards

Case studies

bullResidences in old

Delhi

bullOther

contemporary

houses in

surrounding

houses

References

Page 51: Dessertation ii sem [autosaved]

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 51

Life style

Affordability

Social Classification

Life style

SALARY CLASS

BUSINESS CLASS

BOTH WORKING

JOINT FAMILY

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52

Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi

Zone ndashF

a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)

LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53

The component method of design provides a broad frame work for

achieving the described life style objectives

HOUSING COMPONENT

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59

the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60

Desired outcomes Suggested responses

One two and three-bedroom

dwellings

One two and three-bedroom affordable

housing

dwelling types provide rooms of

sufficient dimensions to support the

safe comfortable and convenient use of

and movement around furniture

facilities and fittings needed by

householders

Studio apartments

Studio apartment rooms provide

adequate space for the function of

individual units including

bull sleeping living dining and kitchen

areas and

bull adequate bathroom laundry and

clothes dryingfacilities

Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table

Studio apartments generally conform to a

minimum

gross floor area of 30m2

The room sizes generally conform to the

following table

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61

Afordability Survey and Analysis

Category

Sample

Income group

Current status

Current Facilities Wishlist

Affordable EMI Analysis

Low

Inco

me

Gro

up

case

-1

A small 2BHK unit

of approx

35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs

lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)

4000

Rentedcommon washrooms

separate washroom

1500 PM no privacy Privacy

Mid

dle

Cla

ss

case

-1

10000-35000

Single 2BHK Family 2bhk

A Good 23BHK unit of approx

100 sqyard in range of

18-25 lacs

Rented Good location 7000

11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry

Bigger balcony

More natural light

Bigger Bedrooms

Good storage Space

case

-2

10000-35000

Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms

RentedBigger living area

7000 PM Good height 10000

Minimum shafts

small kitchenlaundry

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62

EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT

AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1

Category - EWS

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR

CASE -2

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35

CASE -3

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE

5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25

35

40

25

30

1060

30

1060

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63

63

AREA -DAYANAND COLONY

CASE -1

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

1010

30

50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65

GENERAL PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68

NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69

SPACE RELATIONSHIP

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71

Approach for investigating

affordable housing

Knowledge about future

house

Knowledge about present

house

Knowledge about Family

Payment Method

Preferred Area

PreferredLocation

Affordability

TypologicalPreferences

SpacePreferences

Location winNeighborhood

AdvantagesDis

Home TypeOwnershipStatus

Location

NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces

Degree ofSatisfaction

Income level

No of Family Members

EducationalLevel

(husbandwife)

Work Sector

No of Cars

Domestic Labor

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

72

AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

10

10

30

50

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

73

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

74

Conclusion

While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are

increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as

televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While

we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an

auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living

in a slum-like dwelling

It is understandable that economic

growth leads to rise in income but this

has led to even faster rise in property

prices leaving it unaffordable for majority

of population Affordable housing is

expected to have a positive by improving

basic quality of life Problems like traffic

congestion air quality commute times

etc can be resolved by providing proper

housing facilities to the weaker sections

of the society While the concept of

affordable housing seems to be a simple

solution to current housing woes its

execution remains complicated due to the

unclear policy framework To make

affordable housing work in India it would

require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by

slightly adjusting their interests towards a

wider social cause

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

75

Land use planning and

development

The project of the poor

Development standards

Land supply

Land value

Land affordability

Subdivision

Land market

Allocation

Demand

Intervention rationale

Neo liberalism

Site and Service

Subdivision

Land policy

Efficiency and equity

Land management

Direct intervention world

bank

Learning by doing

Site and service

subdivision

Poverty alleviation

Suitability and

acceptability

Affordability standards

subdivision

Intervention usually takes three broad categories

bull planning regulations

bull direct government investments and

bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation

Land management improvements

Example Land Readjustment

direct public investment

Example land banking

Example Site-and-Service

OBJECTIVES

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at

1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on

rental or ownership basis

2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter

options especially to the vulnerable groups

and the poor

3 Ensuring that housing along with the

supporting services is treated as a priority and

at par with infrastructure sector

4 Removing barriers related to legal financial

and administrative for facilitating access to

land finance and technology

5 Forging strong partnership between private

public and cooperative sectors to enhance the

capacity of the construction industry to

participate in every sphere of housing and

habitat

6 Using technology for modernizing the

housing sector to increase efficiency

productivity energy efficiency and quality

7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions

and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for

adding to the housing stock

THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including

formulation of effective

foreclosure laws

bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of

resources to the

housing and infrastructure sector

bull Develop a debt market for housing and

infrastructure fully integrated

with the financial markets in the country

bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the

requirement of low cost funds

for the housing needs of the poor

bull Promote research and development and transfer of

technology for

construction of houses

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available

resources to promote development and growth in a

sustained manner

bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing

infrastructure innovative and energy saving

construction materials and methods and also set up

a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the

concessions are correctly targeted and utilized

bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological

standards to protect the environment and provide a

better quality of life in human settlements

bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage

market

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD

1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a

boost to housing and supporting infrastructure

2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in

undertaking housing construction for all segments in

urban and rural areas

3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to

land

4 Facilitate training of construction workers by

converging other development programs through

building centers and other agencies

5 Promote decentralized production and availability of

building material

6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their

responsibilities in regulatory and development

functions

THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare

District Housing Action Plans for rural areas

2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and

augment supply of land for housing particularly

for the vulnerable group

3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural

infrastructure services

4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for

planned development

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE

COMPANIES WOULD

1 Redefine their role and move away from their

traditional approach to housing finance

2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the

needs of people

3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to

those who are in dire need of housing finance

support

4 Mobilize resources from provident funds

insurance funds mutual funds etc For house

building activities

5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize

domestic savings

HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS

DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND

OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role

for facilitating land assembly and development of

infrastructure

2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and

cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient

manner

3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement

THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND

CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD

1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of

houses and development of amenities

2 Forge partnership with state governments and local

authorities for construction of houses

3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out

schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization

basis

RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

ORGANIZATIONS WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw

materials

2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace

them with renewable resources

3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by

various public and private construction agencies

4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and

construction methods

5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the

housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste

based energy

6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new

constructions as well as strengthening of existing

houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and

human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes

cyclones and floods

7 Disseminate (spread) information about new

technologies and provide training to construction

workers in the use of new technologies

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

84

Role of PPP in Affordable Housing

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

85

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

86

JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance

No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million

No of Houses under Progress 0265 million

Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores

(BSUP+IHSDP)

997

achieved

Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of

Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline

Target of 27 cities

27 cities

achieved

Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of

developed land for EWSLIG Timeline

Target of 16 cities

16 cities

achieved

The JNNURM Initiative

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

87

i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP

ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath

iii Vector-free housing layout

iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces

v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and

vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness

Inclusive Planning amp Architecture

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

88

Recommendations

bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100

ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households

ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs

ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment

ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure

ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by

ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and

conversion of agricultural lands for urban use

ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for

making a proper assessment of land

requirements and allocation of such lands for

different uses

ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

89

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

90

Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

91

Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels

Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

92

SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66

References

Inferences

Books

Internet

Case Studies

Library references

bullNational Building Codes

bullGreen Households Domestic consumers

environment and sustainability

bullSustainable design practice

bullModern architecture

bullGaia House Design

bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy

Charles chorea and Raj

Reval

bullIntach library

Net references

bullWikipediacom

bullGooglecoin

bullDDA website

bullWHO living

standards

Case studies

bullResidences in old

Delhi

bullOther

contemporary

houses in

surrounding

houses

References

Page 52: Dessertation ii sem [autosaved]

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52

Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi

Zone ndashF

a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)

LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53

The component method of design provides a broad frame work for

achieving the described life style objectives

HOUSING COMPONENT

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59

the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60

Desired outcomes Suggested responses

One two and three-bedroom

dwellings

One two and three-bedroom affordable

housing

dwelling types provide rooms of

sufficient dimensions to support the

safe comfortable and convenient use of

and movement around furniture

facilities and fittings needed by

householders

Studio apartments

Studio apartment rooms provide

adequate space for the function of

individual units including

bull sleeping living dining and kitchen

areas and

bull adequate bathroom laundry and

clothes dryingfacilities

Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table

Studio apartments generally conform to a

minimum

gross floor area of 30m2

The room sizes generally conform to the

following table

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61

Afordability Survey and Analysis

Category

Sample

Income group

Current status

Current Facilities Wishlist

Affordable EMI Analysis

Low

Inco

me

Gro

up

case

-1

A small 2BHK unit

of approx

35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs

lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)

4000

Rentedcommon washrooms

separate washroom

1500 PM no privacy Privacy

Mid

dle

Cla

ss

case

-1

10000-35000

Single 2BHK Family 2bhk

A Good 23BHK unit of approx

100 sqyard in range of

18-25 lacs

Rented Good location 7000

11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry

Bigger balcony

More natural light

Bigger Bedrooms

Good storage Space

case

-2

10000-35000

Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms

RentedBigger living area

7000 PM Good height 10000

Minimum shafts

small kitchenlaundry

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62

EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT

AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1

Category - EWS

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR

CASE -2

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35

CASE -3

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE

5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25

35

40

25

30

1060

30

1060

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63

63

AREA -DAYANAND COLONY

CASE -1

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

1010

30

50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65

GENERAL PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68

NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69

SPACE RELATIONSHIP

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71

Approach for investigating

affordable housing

Knowledge about future

house

Knowledge about present

house

Knowledge about Family

Payment Method

Preferred Area

PreferredLocation

Affordability

TypologicalPreferences

SpacePreferences

Location winNeighborhood

AdvantagesDis

Home TypeOwnershipStatus

Location

NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces

Degree ofSatisfaction

Income level

No of Family Members

EducationalLevel

(husbandwife)

Work Sector

No of Cars

Domestic Labor

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

72

AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

10

10

30

50

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

73

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

74

Conclusion

While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are

increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as

televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While

we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an

auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living

in a slum-like dwelling

It is understandable that economic

growth leads to rise in income but this

has led to even faster rise in property

prices leaving it unaffordable for majority

of population Affordable housing is

expected to have a positive by improving

basic quality of life Problems like traffic

congestion air quality commute times

etc can be resolved by providing proper

housing facilities to the weaker sections

of the society While the concept of

affordable housing seems to be a simple

solution to current housing woes its

execution remains complicated due to the

unclear policy framework To make

affordable housing work in India it would

require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by

slightly adjusting their interests towards a

wider social cause

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

75

Land use planning and

development

The project of the poor

Development standards

Land supply

Land value

Land affordability

Subdivision

Land market

Allocation

Demand

Intervention rationale

Neo liberalism

Site and Service

Subdivision

Land policy

Efficiency and equity

Land management

Direct intervention world

bank

Learning by doing

Site and service

subdivision

Poverty alleviation

Suitability and

acceptability

Affordability standards

subdivision

Intervention usually takes three broad categories

bull planning regulations

bull direct government investments and

bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation

Land management improvements

Example Land Readjustment

direct public investment

Example land banking

Example Site-and-Service

OBJECTIVES

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at

1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on

rental or ownership basis

2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter

options especially to the vulnerable groups

and the poor

3 Ensuring that housing along with the

supporting services is treated as a priority and

at par with infrastructure sector

4 Removing barriers related to legal financial

and administrative for facilitating access to

land finance and technology

5 Forging strong partnership between private

public and cooperative sectors to enhance the

capacity of the construction industry to

participate in every sphere of housing and

habitat

6 Using technology for modernizing the

housing sector to increase efficiency

productivity energy efficiency and quality

7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions

and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for

adding to the housing stock

THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including

formulation of effective

foreclosure laws

bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of

resources to the

housing and infrastructure sector

bull Develop a debt market for housing and

infrastructure fully integrated

with the financial markets in the country

bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the

requirement of low cost funds

for the housing needs of the poor

bull Promote research and development and transfer of

technology for

construction of houses

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available

resources to promote development and growth in a

sustained manner

bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing

infrastructure innovative and energy saving

construction materials and methods and also set up

a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the

concessions are correctly targeted and utilized

bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological

standards to protect the environment and provide a

better quality of life in human settlements

bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage

market

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD

1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a

boost to housing and supporting infrastructure

2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in

undertaking housing construction for all segments in

urban and rural areas

3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to

land

4 Facilitate training of construction workers by

converging other development programs through

building centers and other agencies

5 Promote decentralized production and availability of

building material

6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their

responsibilities in regulatory and development

functions

THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare

District Housing Action Plans for rural areas

2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and

augment supply of land for housing particularly

for the vulnerable group

3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural

infrastructure services

4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for

planned development

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE

COMPANIES WOULD

1 Redefine their role and move away from their

traditional approach to housing finance

2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the

needs of people

3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to

those who are in dire need of housing finance

support

4 Mobilize resources from provident funds

insurance funds mutual funds etc For house

building activities

5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize

domestic savings

HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS

DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND

OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role

for facilitating land assembly and development of

infrastructure

2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and

cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient

manner

3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement

THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND

CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD

1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of

houses and development of amenities

2 Forge partnership with state governments and local

authorities for construction of houses

3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out

schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization

basis

RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

ORGANIZATIONS WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw

materials

2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace

them with renewable resources

3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by

various public and private construction agencies

4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and

construction methods

5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the

housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste

based energy

6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new

constructions as well as strengthening of existing

houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and

human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes

cyclones and floods

7 Disseminate (spread) information about new

technologies and provide training to construction

workers in the use of new technologies

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

84

Role of PPP in Affordable Housing

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

85

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

86

JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance

No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million

No of Houses under Progress 0265 million

Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores

(BSUP+IHSDP)

997

achieved

Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of

Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline

Target of 27 cities

27 cities

achieved

Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of

developed land for EWSLIG Timeline

Target of 16 cities

16 cities

achieved

The JNNURM Initiative

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

87

i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP

ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath

iii Vector-free housing layout

iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces

v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and

vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness

Inclusive Planning amp Architecture

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

88

Recommendations

bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100

ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households

ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs

ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment

ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure

ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by

ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and

conversion of agricultural lands for urban use

ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for

making a proper assessment of land

requirements and allocation of such lands for

different uses

ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

89

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

90

Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

91

Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels

Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

92

SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66

References

Inferences

Books

Internet

Case Studies

Library references

bullNational Building Codes

bullGreen Households Domestic consumers

environment and sustainability

bullSustainable design practice

bullModern architecture

bullGaia House Design

bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy

Charles chorea and Raj

Reval

bullIntach library

Net references

bullWikipediacom

bullGooglecoin

bullDDA website

bullWHO living

standards

Case studies

bullResidences in old

Delhi

bullOther

contemporary

houses in

surrounding

houses

References

Page 53: Dessertation ii sem [autosaved]

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53

The component method of design provides a broad frame work for

achieving the described life style objectives

HOUSING COMPONENT

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59

the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60

Desired outcomes Suggested responses

One two and three-bedroom

dwellings

One two and three-bedroom affordable

housing

dwelling types provide rooms of

sufficient dimensions to support the

safe comfortable and convenient use of

and movement around furniture

facilities and fittings needed by

householders

Studio apartments

Studio apartment rooms provide

adequate space for the function of

individual units including

bull sleeping living dining and kitchen

areas and

bull adequate bathroom laundry and

clothes dryingfacilities

Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table

Studio apartments generally conform to a

minimum

gross floor area of 30m2

The room sizes generally conform to the

following table

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61

Afordability Survey and Analysis

Category

Sample

Income group

Current status

Current Facilities Wishlist

Affordable EMI Analysis

Low

Inco

me

Gro

up

case

-1

A small 2BHK unit

of approx

35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs

lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)

4000

Rentedcommon washrooms

separate washroom

1500 PM no privacy Privacy

Mid

dle

Cla

ss

case

-1

10000-35000

Single 2BHK Family 2bhk

A Good 23BHK unit of approx

100 sqyard in range of

18-25 lacs

Rented Good location 7000

11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry

Bigger balcony

More natural light

Bigger Bedrooms

Good storage Space

case

-2

10000-35000

Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms

RentedBigger living area

7000 PM Good height 10000

Minimum shafts

small kitchenlaundry

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62

EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT

AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1

Category - EWS

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR

CASE -2

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35

CASE -3

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE

5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25

35

40

25

30

1060

30

1060

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63

63

AREA -DAYANAND COLONY

CASE -1

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

1010

30

50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65

GENERAL PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68

NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69

SPACE RELATIONSHIP

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71

Approach for investigating

affordable housing

Knowledge about future

house

Knowledge about present

house

Knowledge about Family

Payment Method

Preferred Area

PreferredLocation

Affordability

TypologicalPreferences

SpacePreferences

Location winNeighborhood

AdvantagesDis

Home TypeOwnershipStatus

Location

NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces

Degree ofSatisfaction

Income level

No of Family Members

EducationalLevel

(husbandwife)

Work Sector

No of Cars

Domestic Labor

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

72

AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

10

10

30

50

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

73

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

74

Conclusion

While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are

increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as

televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While

we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an

auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living

in a slum-like dwelling

It is understandable that economic

growth leads to rise in income but this

has led to even faster rise in property

prices leaving it unaffordable for majority

of population Affordable housing is

expected to have a positive by improving

basic quality of life Problems like traffic

congestion air quality commute times

etc can be resolved by providing proper

housing facilities to the weaker sections

of the society While the concept of

affordable housing seems to be a simple

solution to current housing woes its

execution remains complicated due to the

unclear policy framework To make

affordable housing work in India it would

require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by

slightly adjusting their interests towards a

wider social cause

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

75

Land use planning and

development

The project of the poor

Development standards

Land supply

Land value

Land affordability

Subdivision

Land market

Allocation

Demand

Intervention rationale

Neo liberalism

Site and Service

Subdivision

Land policy

Efficiency and equity

Land management

Direct intervention world

bank

Learning by doing

Site and service

subdivision

Poverty alleviation

Suitability and

acceptability

Affordability standards

subdivision

Intervention usually takes three broad categories

bull planning regulations

bull direct government investments and

bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation

Land management improvements

Example Land Readjustment

direct public investment

Example land banking

Example Site-and-Service

OBJECTIVES

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at

1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on

rental or ownership basis

2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter

options especially to the vulnerable groups

and the poor

3 Ensuring that housing along with the

supporting services is treated as a priority and

at par with infrastructure sector

4 Removing barriers related to legal financial

and administrative for facilitating access to

land finance and technology

5 Forging strong partnership between private

public and cooperative sectors to enhance the

capacity of the construction industry to

participate in every sphere of housing and

habitat

6 Using technology for modernizing the

housing sector to increase efficiency

productivity energy efficiency and quality

7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions

and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for

adding to the housing stock

THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including

formulation of effective

foreclosure laws

bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of

resources to the

housing and infrastructure sector

bull Develop a debt market for housing and

infrastructure fully integrated

with the financial markets in the country

bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the

requirement of low cost funds

for the housing needs of the poor

bull Promote research and development and transfer of

technology for

construction of houses

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available

resources to promote development and growth in a

sustained manner

bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing

infrastructure innovative and energy saving

construction materials and methods and also set up

a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the

concessions are correctly targeted and utilized

bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological

standards to protect the environment and provide a

better quality of life in human settlements

bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage

market

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD

1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a

boost to housing and supporting infrastructure

2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in

undertaking housing construction for all segments in

urban and rural areas

3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to

land

4 Facilitate training of construction workers by

converging other development programs through

building centers and other agencies

5 Promote decentralized production and availability of

building material

6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their

responsibilities in regulatory and development

functions

THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare

District Housing Action Plans for rural areas

2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and

augment supply of land for housing particularly

for the vulnerable group

3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural

infrastructure services

4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for

planned development

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE

COMPANIES WOULD

1 Redefine their role and move away from their

traditional approach to housing finance

2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the

needs of people

3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to

those who are in dire need of housing finance

support

4 Mobilize resources from provident funds

insurance funds mutual funds etc For house

building activities

5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize

domestic savings

HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS

DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND

OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role

for facilitating land assembly and development of

infrastructure

2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and

cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient

manner

3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement

THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND

CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD

1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of

houses and development of amenities

2 Forge partnership with state governments and local

authorities for construction of houses

3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out

schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization

basis

RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

ORGANIZATIONS WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw

materials

2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace

them with renewable resources

3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by

various public and private construction agencies

4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and

construction methods

5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the

housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste

based energy

6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new

constructions as well as strengthening of existing

houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and

human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes

cyclones and floods

7 Disseminate (spread) information about new

technologies and provide training to construction

workers in the use of new technologies

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

84

Role of PPP in Affordable Housing

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

85

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

86

JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance

No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million

No of Houses under Progress 0265 million

Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores

(BSUP+IHSDP)

997

achieved

Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of

Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline

Target of 27 cities

27 cities

achieved

Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of

developed land for EWSLIG Timeline

Target of 16 cities

16 cities

achieved

The JNNURM Initiative

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

87

i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP

ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath

iii Vector-free housing layout

iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces

v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and

vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness

Inclusive Planning amp Architecture

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

88

Recommendations

bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100

ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households

ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs

ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment

ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure

ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by

ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and

conversion of agricultural lands for urban use

ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for

making a proper assessment of land

requirements and allocation of such lands for

different uses

ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

89

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

90

Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

91

Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels

Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

92

SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66

References

Inferences

Books

Internet

Case Studies

Library references

bullNational Building Codes

bullGreen Households Domestic consumers

environment and sustainability

bullSustainable design practice

bullModern architecture

bullGaia House Design

bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy

Charles chorea and Raj

Reval

bullIntach library

Net references

bullWikipediacom

bullGooglecoin

bullDDA website

bullWHO living

standards

Case studies

bullResidences in old

Delhi

bullOther

contemporary

houses in

surrounding

houses

References

Page 54: Dessertation ii sem [autosaved]

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59

the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60

Desired outcomes Suggested responses

One two and three-bedroom

dwellings

One two and three-bedroom affordable

housing

dwelling types provide rooms of

sufficient dimensions to support the

safe comfortable and convenient use of

and movement around furniture

facilities and fittings needed by

householders

Studio apartments

Studio apartment rooms provide

adequate space for the function of

individual units including

bull sleeping living dining and kitchen

areas and

bull adequate bathroom laundry and

clothes dryingfacilities

Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table

Studio apartments generally conform to a

minimum

gross floor area of 30m2

The room sizes generally conform to the

following table

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61

Afordability Survey and Analysis

Category

Sample

Income group

Current status

Current Facilities Wishlist

Affordable EMI Analysis

Low

Inco

me

Gro

up

case

-1

A small 2BHK unit

of approx

35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs

lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)

4000

Rentedcommon washrooms

separate washroom

1500 PM no privacy Privacy

Mid

dle

Cla

ss

case

-1

10000-35000

Single 2BHK Family 2bhk

A Good 23BHK unit of approx

100 sqyard in range of

18-25 lacs

Rented Good location 7000

11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry

Bigger balcony

More natural light

Bigger Bedrooms

Good storage Space

case

-2

10000-35000

Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms

RentedBigger living area

7000 PM Good height 10000

Minimum shafts

small kitchenlaundry

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62

EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT

AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1

Category - EWS

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR

CASE -2

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35

CASE -3

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE

5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25

35

40

25

30

1060

30

1060

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63

63

AREA -DAYANAND COLONY

CASE -1

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

1010

30

50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65

GENERAL PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68

NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69

SPACE RELATIONSHIP

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71

Approach for investigating

affordable housing

Knowledge about future

house

Knowledge about present

house

Knowledge about Family

Payment Method

Preferred Area

PreferredLocation

Affordability

TypologicalPreferences

SpacePreferences

Location winNeighborhood

AdvantagesDis

Home TypeOwnershipStatus

Location

NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces

Degree ofSatisfaction

Income level

No of Family Members

EducationalLevel

(husbandwife)

Work Sector

No of Cars

Domestic Labor

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

72

AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

10

10

30

50

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

73

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

74

Conclusion

While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are

increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as

televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While

we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an

auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living

in a slum-like dwelling

It is understandable that economic

growth leads to rise in income but this

has led to even faster rise in property

prices leaving it unaffordable for majority

of population Affordable housing is

expected to have a positive by improving

basic quality of life Problems like traffic

congestion air quality commute times

etc can be resolved by providing proper

housing facilities to the weaker sections

of the society While the concept of

affordable housing seems to be a simple

solution to current housing woes its

execution remains complicated due to the

unclear policy framework To make

affordable housing work in India it would

require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by

slightly adjusting their interests towards a

wider social cause

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

75

Land use planning and

development

The project of the poor

Development standards

Land supply

Land value

Land affordability

Subdivision

Land market

Allocation

Demand

Intervention rationale

Neo liberalism

Site and Service

Subdivision

Land policy

Efficiency and equity

Land management

Direct intervention world

bank

Learning by doing

Site and service

subdivision

Poverty alleviation

Suitability and

acceptability

Affordability standards

subdivision

Intervention usually takes three broad categories

bull planning regulations

bull direct government investments and

bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation

Land management improvements

Example Land Readjustment

direct public investment

Example land banking

Example Site-and-Service

OBJECTIVES

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at

1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on

rental or ownership basis

2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter

options especially to the vulnerable groups

and the poor

3 Ensuring that housing along with the

supporting services is treated as a priority and

at par with infrastructure sector

4 Removing barriers related to legal financial

and administrative for facilitating access to

land finance and technology

5 Forging strong partnership between private

public and cooperative sectors to enhance the

capacity of the construction industry to

participate in every sphere of housing and

habitat

6 Using technology for modernizing the

housing sector to increase efficiency

productivity energy efficiency and quality

7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions

and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for

adding to the housing stock

THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including

formulation of effective

foreclosure laws

bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of

resources to the

housing and infrastructure sector

bull Develop a debt market for housing and

infrastructure fully integrated

with the financial markets in the country

bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the

requirement of low cost funds

for the housing needs of the poor

bull Promote research and development and transfer of

technology for

construction of houses

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available

resources to promote development and growth in a

sustained manner

bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing

infrastructure innovative and energy saving

construction materials and methods and also set up

a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the

concessions are correctly targeted and utilized

bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological

standards to protect the environment and provide a

better quality of life in human settlements

bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage

market

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD

1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a

boost to housing and supporting infrastructure

2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in

undertaking housing construction for all segments in

urban and rural areas

3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to

land

4 Facilitate training of construction workers by

converging other development programs through

building centers and other agencies

5 Promote decentralized production and availability of

building material

6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their

responsibilities in regulatory and development

functions

THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare

District Housing Action Plans for rural areas

2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and

augment supply of land for housing particularly

for the vulnerable group

3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural

infrastructure services

4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for

planned development

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE

COMPANIES WOULD

1 Redefine their role and move away from their

traditional approach to housing finance

2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the

needs of people

3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to

those who are in dire need of housing finance

support

4 Mobilize resources from provident funds

insurance funds mutual funds etc For house

building activities

5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize

domestic savings

HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS

DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND

OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role

for facilitating land assembly and development of

infrastructure

2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and

cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient

manner

3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement

THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND

CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD

1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of

houses and development of amenities

2 Forge partnership with state governments and local

authorities for construction of houses

3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out

schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization

basis

RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

ORGANIZATIONS WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw

materials

2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace

them with renewable resources

3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by

various public and private construction agencies

4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and

construction methods

5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the

housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste

based energy

6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new

constructions as well as strengthening of existing

houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and

human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes

cyclones and floods

7 Disseminate (spread) information about new

technologies and provide training to construction

workers in the use of new technologies

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

84

Role of PPP in Affordable Housing

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

85

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

86

JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance

No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million

No of Houses under Progress 0265 million

Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores

(BSUP+IHSDP)

997

achieved

Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of

Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline

Target of 27 cities

27 cities

achieved

Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of

developed land for EWSLIG Timeline

Target of 16 cities

16 cities

achieved

The JNNURM Initiative

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

87

i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP

ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath

iii Vector-free housing layout

iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces

v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and

vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness

Inclusive Planning amp Architecture

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

88

Recommendations

bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100

ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households

ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs

ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment

ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure

ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by

ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and

conversion of agricultural lands for urban use

ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for

making a proper assessment of land

requirements and allocation of such lands for

different uses

ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

89

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

90

Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

91

Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels

Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

92

SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66

References

Inferences

Books

Internet

Case Studies

Library references

bullNational Building Codes

bullGreen Households Domestic consumers

environment and sustainability

bullSustainable design practice

bullModern architecture

bullGaia House Design

bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy

Charles chorea and Raj

Reval

bullIntach library

Net references

bullWikipediacom

bullGooglecoin

bullDDA website

bullWHO living

standards

Case studies

bullResidences in old

Delhi

bullOther

contemporary

houses in

surrounding

houses

References

Page 55: Dessertation ii sem [autosaved]

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59

the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60

Desired outcomes Suggested responses

One two and three-bedroom

dwellings

One two and three-bedroom affordable

housing

dwelling types provide rooms of

sufficient dimensions to support the

safe comfortable and convenient use of

and movement around furniture

facilities and fittings needed by

householders

Studio apartments

Studio apartment rooms provide

adequate space for the function of

individual units including

bull sleeping living dining and kitchen

areas and

bull adequate bathroom laundry and

clothes dryingfacilities

Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table

Studio apartments generally conform to a

minimum

gross floor area of 30m2

The room sizes generally conform to the

following table

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61

Afordability Survey and Analysis

Category

Sample

Income group

Current status

Current Facilities Wishlist

Affordable EMI Analysis

Low

Inco

me

Gro

up

case

-1

A small 2BHK unit

of approx

35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs

lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)

4000

Rentedcommon washrooms

separate washroom

1500 PM no privacy Privacy

Mid

dle

Cla

ss

case

-1

10000-35000

Single 2BHK Family 2bhk

A Good 23BHK unit of approx

100 sqyard in range of

18-25 lacs

Rented Good location 7000

11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry

Bigger balcony

More natural light

Bigger Bedrooms

Good storage Space

case

-2

10000-35000

Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms

RentedBigger living area

7000 PM Good height 10000

Minimum shafts

small kitchenlaundry

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62

EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT

AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1

Category - EWS

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR

CASE -2

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35

CASE -3

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE

5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25

35

40

25

30

1060

30

1060

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63

63

AREA -DAYANAND COLONY

CASE -1

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

1010

30

50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65

GENERAL PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68

NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69

SPACE RELATIONSHIP

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71

Approach for investigating

affordable housing

Knowledge about future

house

Knowledge about present

house

Knowledge about Family

Payment Method

Preferred Area

PreferredLocation

Affordability

TypologicalPreferences

SpacePreferences

Location winNeighborhood

AdvantagesDis

Home TypeOwnershipStatus

Location

NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces

Degree ofSatisfaction

Income level

No of Family Members

EducationalLevel

(husbandwife)

Work Sector

No of Cars

Domestic Labor

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

72

AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

10

10

30

50

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

73

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

74

Conclusion

While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are

increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as

televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While

we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an

auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living

in a slum-like dwelling

It is understandable that economic

growth leads to rise in income but this

has led to even faster rise in property

prices leaving it unaffordable for majority

of population Affordable housing is

expected to have a positive by improving

basic quality of life Problems like traffic

congestion air quality commute times

etc can be resolved by providing proper

housing facilities to the weaker sections

of the society While the concept of

affordable housing seems to be a simple

solution to current housing woes its

execution remains complicated due to the

unclear policy framework To make

affordable housing work in India it would

require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by

slightly adjusting their interests towards a

wider social cause

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

75

Land use planning and

development

The project of the poor

Development standards

Land supply

Land value

Land affordability

Subdivision

Land market

Allocation

Demand

Intervention rationale

Neo liberalism

Site and Service

Subdivision

Land policy

Efficiency and equity

Land management

Direct intervention world

bank

Learning by doing

Site and service

subdivision

Poverty alleviation

Suitability and

acceptability

Affordability standards

subdivision

Intervention usually takes three broad categories

bull planning regulations

bull direct government investments and

bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation

Land management improvements

Example Land Readjustment

direct public investment

Example land banking

Example Site-and-Service

OBJECTIVES

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at

1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on

rental or ownership basis

2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter

options especially to the vulnerable groups

and the poor

3 Ensuring that housing along with the

supporting services is treated as a priority and

at par with infrastructure sector

4 Removing barriers related to legal financial

and administrative for facilitating access to

land finance and technology

5 Forging strong partnership between private

public and cooperative sectors to enhance the

capacity of the construction industry to

participate in every sphere of housing and

habitat

6 Using technology for modernizing the

housing sector to increase efficiency

productivity energy efficiency and quality

7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions

and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for

adding to the housing stock

THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including

formulation of effective

foreclosure laws

bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of

resources to the

housing and infrastructure sector

bull Develop a debt market for housing and

infrastructure fully integrated

with the financial markets in the country

bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the

requirement of low cost funds

for the housing needs of the poor

bull Promote research and development and transfer of

technology for

construction of houses

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available

resources to promote development and growth in a

sustained manner

bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing

infrastructure innovative and energy saving

construction materials and methods and also set up

a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the

concessions are correctly targeted and utilized

bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological

standards to protect the environment and provide a

better quality of life in human settlements

bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage

market

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD

1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a

boost to housing and supporting infrastructure

2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in

undertaking housing construction for all segments in

urban and rural areas

3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to

land

4 Facilitate training of construction workers by

converging other development programs through

building centers and other agencies

5 Promote decentralized production and availability of

building material

6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their

responsibilities in regulatory and development

functions

THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare

District Housing Action Plans for rural areas

2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and

augment supply of land for housing particularly

for the vulnerable group

3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural

infrastructure services

4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for

planned development

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE

COMPANIES WOULD

1 Redefine their role and move away from their

traditional approach to housing finance

2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the

needs of people

3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to

those who are in dire need of housing finance

support

4 Mobilize resources from provident funds

insurance funds mutual funds etc For house

building activities

5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize

domestic savings

HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS

DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND

OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role

for facilitating land assembly and development of

infrastructure

2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and

cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient

manner

3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement

THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND

CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD

1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of

houses and development of amenities

2 Forge partnership with state governments and local

authorities for construction of houses

3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out

schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization

basis

RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

ORGANIZATIONS WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw

materials

2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace

them with renewable resources

3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by

various public and private construction agencies

4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and

construction methods

5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the

housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste

based energy

6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new

constructions as well as strengthening of existing

houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and

human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes

cyclones and floods

7 Disseminate (spread) information about new

technologies and provide training to construction

workers in the use of new technologies

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

84

Role of PPP in Affordable Housing

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

85

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

86

JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance

No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million

No of Houses under Progress 0265 million

Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores

(BSUP+IHSDP)

997

achieved

Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of

Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline

Target of 27 cities

27 cities

achieved

Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of

developed land for EWSLIG Timeline

Target of 16 cities

16 cities

achieved

The JNNURM Initiative

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

87

i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP

ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath

iii Vector-free housing layout

iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces

v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and

vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness

Inclusive Planning amp Architecture

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

88

Recommendations

bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100

ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households

ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs

ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment

ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure

ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by

ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and

conversion of agricultural lands for urban use

ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for

making a proper assessment of land

requirements and allocation of such lands for

different uses

ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

89

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

90

Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

91

Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels

Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

92

SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66

References

Inferences

Books

Internet

Case Studies

Library references

bullNational Building Codes

bullGreen Households Domestic consumers

environment and sustainability

bullSustainable design practice

bullModern architecture

bullGaia House Design

bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy

Charles chorea and Raj

Reval

bullIntach library

Net references

bullWikipediacom

bullGooglecoin

bullDDA website

bullWHO living

standards

Case studies

bullResidences in old

Delhi

bullOther

contemporary

houses in

surrounding

houses

References

Page 56: Dessertation ii sem [autosaved]

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59

the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60

Desired outcomes Suggested responses

One two and three-bedroom

dwellings

One two and three-bedroom affordable

housing

dwelling types provide rooms of

sufficient dimensions to support the

safe comfortable and convenient use of

and movement around furniture

facilities and fittings needed by

householders

Studio apartments

Studio apartment rooms provide

adequate space for the function of

individual units including

bull sleeping living dining and kitchen

areas and

bull adequate bathroom laundry and

clothes dryingfacilities

Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table

Studio apartments generally conform to a

minimum

gross floor area of 30m2

The room sizes generally conform to the

following table

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61

Afordability Survey and Analysis

Category

Sample

Income group

Current status

Current Facilities Wishlist

Affordable EMI Analysis

Low

Inco

me

Gro

up

case

-1

A small 2BHK unit

of approx

35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs

lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)

4000

Rentedcommon washrooms

separate washroom

1500 PM no privacy Privacy

Mid

dle

Cla

ss

case

-1

10000-35000

Single 2BHK Family 2bhk

A Good 23BHK unit of approx

100 sqyard in range of

18-25 lacs

Rented Good location 7000

11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry

Bigger balcony

More natural light

Bigger Bedrooms

Good storage Space

case

-2

10000-35000

Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms

RentedBigger living area

7000 PM Good height 10000

Minimum shafts

small kitchenlaundry

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62

EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT

AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1

Category - EWS

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR

CASE -2

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35

CASE -3

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE

5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25

35

40

25

30

1060

30

1060

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63

63

AREA -DAYANAND COLONY

CASE -1

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

1010

30

50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65

GENERAL PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68

NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69

SPACE RELATIONSHIP

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71

Approach for investigating

affordable housing

Knowledge about future

house

Knowledge about present

house

Knowledge about Family

Payment Method

Preferred Area

PreferredLocation

Affordability

TypologicalPreferences

SpacePreferences

Location winNeighborhood

AdvantagesDis

Home TypeOwnershipStatus

Location

NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces

Degree ofSatisfaction

Income level

No of Family Members

EducationalLevel

(husbandwife)

Work Sector

No of Cars

Domestic Labor

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

72

AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

10

10

30

50

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

73

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

74

Conclusion

While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are

increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as

televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While

we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an

auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living

in a slum-like dwelling

It is understandable that economic

growth leads to rise in income but this

has led to even faster rise in property

prices leaving it unaffordable for majority

of population Affordable housing is

expected to have a positive by improving

basic quality of life Problems like traffic

congestion air quality commute times

etc can be resolved by providing proper

housing facilities to the weaker sections

of the society While the concept of

affordable housing seems to be a simple

solution to current housing woes its

execution remains complicated due to the

unclear policy framework To make

affordable housing work in India it would

require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by

slightly adjusting their interests towards a

wider social cause

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

75

Land use planning and

development

The project of the poor

Development standards

Land supply

Land value

Land affordability

Subdivision

Land market

Allocation

Demand

Intervention rationale

Neo liberalism

Site and Service

Subdivision

Land policy

Efficiency and equity

Land management

Direct intervention world

bank

Learning by doing

Site and service

subdivision

Poverty alleviation

Suitability and

acceptability

Affordability standards

subdivision

Intervention usually takes three broad categories

bull planning regulations

bull direct government investments and

bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation

Land management improvements

Example Land Readjustment

direct public investment

Example land banking

Example Site-and-Service

OBJECTIVES

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at

1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on

rental or ownership basis

2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter

options especially to the vulnerable groups

and the poor

3 Ensuring that housing along with the

supporting services is treated as a priority and

at par with infrastructure sector

4 Removing barriers related to legal financial

and administrative for facilitating access to

land finance and technology

5 Forging strong partnership between private

public and cooperative sectors to enhance the

capacity of the construction industry to

participate in every sphere of housing and

habitat

6 Using technology for modernizing the

housing sector to increase efficiency

productivity energy efficiency and quality

7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions

and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for

adding to the housing stock

THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including

formulation of effective

foreclosure laws

bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of

resources to the

housing and infrastructure sector

bull Develop a debt market for housing and

infrastructure fully integrated

with the financial markets in the country

bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the

requirement of low cost funds

for the housing needs of the poor

bull Promote research and development and transfer of

technology for

construction of houses

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available

resources to promote development and growth in a

sustained manner

bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing

infrastructure innovative and energy saving

construction materials and methods and also set up

a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the

concessions are correctly targeted and utilized

bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological

standards to protect the environment and provide a

better quality of life in human settlements

bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage

market

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD

1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a

boost to housing and supporting infrastructure

2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in

undertaking housing construction for all segments in

urban and rural areas

3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to

land

4 Facilitate training of construction workers by

converging other development programs through

building centers and other agencies

5 Promote decentralized production and availability of

building material

6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their

responsibilities in regulatory and development

functions

THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare

District Housing Action Plans for rural areas

2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and

augment supply of land for housing particularly

for the vulnerable group

3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural

infrastructure services

4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for

planned development

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE

COMPANIES WOULD

1 Redefine their role and move away from their

traditional approach to housing finance

2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the

needs of people

3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to

those who are in dire need of housing finance

support

4 Mobilize resources from provident funds

insurance funds mutual funds etc For house

building activities

5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize

domestic savings

HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS

DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND

OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role

for facilitating land assembly and development of

infrastructure

2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and

cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient

manner

3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement

THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND

CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD

1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of

houses and development of amenities

2 Forge partnership with state governments and local

authorities for construction of houses

3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out

schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization

basis

RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

ORGANIZATIONS WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw

materials

2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace

them with renewable resources

3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by

various public and private construction agencies

4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and

construction methods

5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the

housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste

based energy

6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new

constructions as well as strengthening of existing

houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and

human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes

cyclones and floods

7 Disseminate (spread) information about new

technologies and provide training to construction

workers in the use of new technologies

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

84

Role of PPP in Affordable Housing

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

85

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

86

JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance

No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million

No of Houses under Progress 0265 million

Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores

(BSUP+IHSDP)

997

achieved

Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of

Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline

Target of 27 cities

27 cities

achieved

Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of

developed land for EWSLIG Timeline

Target of 16 cities

16 cities

achieved

The JNNURM Initiative

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

87

i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP

ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath

iii Vector-free housing layout

iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces

v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and

vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness

Inclusive Planning amp Architecture

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

88

Recommendations

bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100

ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households

ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs

ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment

ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure

ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by

ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and

conversion of agricultural lands for urban use

ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for

making a proper assessment of land

requirements and allocation of such lands for

different uses

ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

89

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

90

Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

91

Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels

Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

92

SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66

References

Inferences

Books

Internet

Case Studies

Library references

bullNational Building Codes

bullGreen Households Domestic consumers

environment and sustainability

bullSustainable design practice

bullModern architecture

bullGaia House Design

bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy

Charles chorea and Raj

Reval

bullIntach library

Net references

bullWikipediacom

bullGooglecoin

bullDDA website

bullWHO living

standards

Case studies

bullResidences in old

Delhi

bullOther

contemporary

houses in

surrounding

houses

References

Page 57: Dessertation ii sem [autosaved]

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59

the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60

Desired outcomes Suggested responses

One two and three-bedroom

dwellings

One two and three-bedroom affordable

housing

dwelling types provide rooms of

sufficient dimensions to support the

safe comfortable and convenient use of

and movement around furniture

facilities and fittings needed by

householders

Studio apartments

Studio apartment rooms provide

adequate space for the function of

individual units including

bull sleeping living dining and kitchen

areas and

bull adequate bathroom laundry and

clothes dryingfacilities

Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table

Studio apartments generally conform to a

minimum

gross floor area of 30m2

The room sizes generally conform to the

following table

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61

Afordability Survey and Analysis

Category

Sample

Income group

Current status

Current Facilities Wishlist

Affordable EMI Analysis

Low

Inco

me

Gro

up

case

-1

A small 2BHK unit

of approx

35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs

lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)

4000

Rentedcommon washrooms

separate washroom

1500 PM no privacy Privacy

Mid

dle

Cla

ss

case

-1

10000-35000

Single 2BHK Family 2bhk

A Good 23BHK unit of approx

100 sqyard in range of

18-25 lacs

Rented Good location 7000

11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry

Bigger balcony

More natural light

Bigger Bedrooms

Good storage Space

case

-2

10000-35000

Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms

RentedBigger living area

7000 PM Good height 10000

Minimum shafts

small kitchenlaundry

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62

EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT

AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1

Category - EWS

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR

CASE -2

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35

CASE -3

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE

5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25

35

40

25

30

1060

30

1060

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63

63

AREA -DAYANAND COLONY

CASE -1

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

1010

30

50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65

GENERAL PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68

NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69

SPACE RELATIONSHIP

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71

Approach for investigating

affordable housing

Knowledge about future

house

Knowledge about present

house

Knowledge about Family

Payment Method

Preferred Area

PreferredLocation

Affordability

TypologicalPreferences

SpacePreferences

Location winNeighborhood

AdvantagesDis

Home TypeOwnershipStatus

Location

NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces

Degree ofSatisfaction

Income level

No of Family Members

EducationalLevel

(husbandwife)

Work Sector

No of Cars

Domestic Labor

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

72

AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

10

10

30

50

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

73

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

74

Conclusion

While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are

increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as

televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While

we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an

auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living

in a slum-like dwelling

It is understandable that economic

growth leads to rise in income but this

has led to even faster rise in property

prices leaving it unaffordable for majority

of population Affordable housing is

expected to have a positive by improving

basic quality of life Problems like traffic

congestion air quality commute times

etc can be resolved by providing proper

housing facilities to the weaker sections

of the society While the concept of

affordable housing seems to be a simple

solution to current housing woes its

execution remains complicated due to the

unclear policy framework To make

affordable housing work in India it would

require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by

slightly adjusting their interests towards a

wider social cause

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

75

Land use planning and

development

The project of the poor

Development standards

Land supply

Land value

Land affordability

Subdivision

Land market

Allocation

Demand

Intervention rationale

Neo liberalism

Site and Service

Subdivision

Land policy

Efficiency and equity

Land management

Direct intervention world

bank

Learning by doing

Site and service

subdivision

Poverty alleviation

Suitability and

acceptability

Affordability standards

subdivision

Intervention usually takes three broad categories

bull planning regulations

bull direct government investments and

bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation

Land management improvements

Example Land Readjustment

direct public investment

Example land banking

Example Site-and-Service

OBJECTIVES

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at

1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on

rental or ownership basis

2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter

options especially to the vulnerable groups

and the poor

3 Ensuring that housing along with the

supporting services is treated as a priority and

at par with infrastructure sector

4 Removing barriers related to legal financial

and administrative for facilitating access to

land finance and technology

5 Forging strong partnership between private

public and cooperative sectors to enhance the

capacity of the construction industry to

participate in every sphere of housing and

habitat

6 Using technology for modernizing the

housing sector to increase efficiency

productivity energy efficiency and quality

7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions

and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for

adding to the housing stock

THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including

formulation of effective

foreclosure laws

bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of

resources to the

housing and infrastructure sector

bull Develop a debt market for housing and

infrastructure fully integrated

with the financial markets in the country

bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the

requirement of low cost funds

for the housing needs of the poor

bull Promote research and development and transfer of

technology for

construction of houses

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available

resources to promote development and growth in a

sustained manner

bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing

infrastructure innovative and energy saving

construction materials and methods and also set up

a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the

concessions are correctly targeted and utilized

bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological

standards to protect the environment and provide a

better quality of life in human settlements

bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage

market

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD

1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a

boost to housing and supporting infrastructure

2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in

undertaking housing construction for all segments in

urban and rural areas

3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to

land

4 Facilitate training of construction workers by

converging other development programs through

building centers and other agencies

5 Promote decentralized production and availability of

building material

6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their

responsibilities in regulatory and development

functions

THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare

District Housing Action Plans for rural areas

2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and

augment supply of land for housing particularly

for the vulnerable group

3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural

infrastructure services

4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for

planned development

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE

COMPANIES WOULD

1 Redefine their role and move away from their

traditional approach to housing finance

2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the

needs of people

3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to

those who are in dire need of housing finance

support

4 Mobilize resources from provident funds

insurance funds mutual funds etc For house

building activities

5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize

domestic savings

HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS

DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND

OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role

for facilitating land assembly and development of

infrastructure

2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and

cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient

manner

3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement

THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND

CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD

1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of

houses and development of amenities

2 Forge partnership with state governments and local

authorities for construction of houses

3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out

schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization

basis

RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

ORGANIZATIONS WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw

materials

2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace

them with renewable resources

3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by

various public and private construction agencies

4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and

construction methods

5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the

housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste

based energy

6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new

constructions as well as strengthening of existing

houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and

human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes

cyclones and floods

7 Disseminate (spread) information about new

technologies and provide training to construction

workers in the use of new technologies

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

84

Role of PPP in Affordable Housing

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

85

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

86

JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance

No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million

No of Houses under Progress 0265 million

Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores

(BSUP+IHSDP)

997

achieved

Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of

Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline

Target of 27 cities

27 cities

achieved

Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of

developed land for EWSLIG Timeline

Target of 16 cities

16 cities

achieved

The JNNURM Initiative

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

87

i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP

ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath

iii Vector-free housing layout

iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces

v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and

vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness

Inclusive Planning amp Architecture

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

88

Recommendations

bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100

ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households

ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs

ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment

ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure

ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by

ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and

conversion of agricultural lands for urban use

ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for

making a proper assessment of land

requirements and allocation of such lands for

different uses

ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

89

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

90

Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

91

Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels

Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

92

SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66

References

Inferences

Books

Internet

Case Studies

Library references

bullNational Building Codes

bullGreen Households Domestic consumers

environment and sustainability

bullSustainable design practice

bullModern architecture

bullGaia House Design

bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy

Charles chorea and Raj

Reval

bullIntach library

Net references

bullWikipediacom

bullGooglecoin

bullDDA website

bullWHO living

standards

Case studies

bullResidences in old

Delhi

bullOther

contemporary

houses in

surrounding

houses

References

Page 58: Dessertation ii sem [autosaved]

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59

the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60

Desired outcomes Suggested responses

One two and three-bedroom

dwellings

One two and three-bedroom affordable

housing

dwelling types provide rooms of

sufficient dimensions to support the

safe comfortable and convenient use of

and movement around furniture

facilities and fittings needed by

householders

Studio apartments

Studio apartment rooms provide

adequate space for the function of

individual units including

bull sleeping living dining and kitchen

areas and

bull adequate bathroom laundry and

clothes dryingfacilities

Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table

Studio apartments generally conform to a

minimum

gross floor area of 30m2

The room sizes generally conform to the

following table

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61

Afordability Survey and Analysis

Category

Sample

Income group

Current status

Current Facilities Wishlist

Affordable EMI Analysis

Low

Inco

me

Gro

up

case

-1

A small 2BHK unit

of approx

35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs

lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)

4000

Rentedcommon washrooms

separate washroom

1500 PM no privacy Privacy

Mid

dle

Cla

ss

case

-1

10000-35000

Single 2BHK Family 2bhk

A Good 23BHK unit of approx

100 sqyard in range of

18-25 lacs

Rented Good location 7000

11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry

Bigger balcony

More natural light

Bigger Bedrooms

Good storage Space

case

-2

10000-35000

Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms

RentedBigger living area

7000 PM Good height 10000

Minimum shafts

small kitchenlaundry

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62

EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT

AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1

Category - EWS

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR

CASE -2

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35

CASE -3

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE

5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25

35

40

25

30

1060

30

1060

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63

63

AREA -DAYANAND COLONY

CASE -1

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

1010

30

50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65

GENERAL PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68

NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69

SPACE RELATIONSHIP

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71

Approach for investigating

affordable housing

Knowledge about future

house

Knowledge about present

house

Knowledge about Family

Payment Method

Preferred Area

PreferredLocation

Affordability

TypologicalPreferences

SpacePreferences

Location winNeighborhood

AdvantagesDis

Home TypeOwnershipStatus

Location

NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces

Degree ofSatisfaction

Income level

No of Family Members

EducationalLevel

(husbandwife)

Work Sector

No of Cars

Domestic Labor

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

72

AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

10

10

30

50

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

73

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

74

Conclusion

While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are

increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as

televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While

we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an

auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living

in a slum-like dwelling

It is understandable that economic

growth leads to rise in income but this

has led to even faster rise in property

prices leaving it unaffordable for majority

of population Affordable housing is

expected to have a positive by improving

basic quality of life Problems like traffic

congestion air quality commute times

etc can be resolved by providing proper

housing facilities to the weaker sections

of the society While the concept of

affordable housing seems to be a simple

solution to current housing woes its

execution remains complicated due to the

unclear policy framework To make

affordable housing work in India it would

require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by

slightly adjusting their interests towards a

wider social cause

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

75

Land use planning and

development

The project of the poor

Development standards

Land supply

Land value

Land affordability

Subdivision

Land market

Allocation

Demand

Intervention rationale

Neo liberalism

Site and Service

Subdivision

Land policy

Efficiency and equity

Land management

Direct intervention world

bank

Learning by doing

Site and service

subdivision

Poverty alleviation

Suitability and

acceptability

Affordability standards

subdivision

Intervention usually takes three broad categories

bull planning regulations

bull direct government investments and

bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation

Land management improvements

Example Land Readjustment

direct public investment

Example land banking

Example Site-and-Service

OBJECTIVES

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at

1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on

rental or ownership basis

2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter

options especially to the vulnerable groups

and the poor

3 Ensuring that housing along with the

supporting services is treated as a priority and

at par with infrastructure sector

4 Removing barriers related to legal financial

and administrative for facilitating access to

land finance and technology

5 Forging strong partnership between private

public and cooperative sectors to enhance the

capacity of the construction industry to

participate in every sphere of housing and

habitat

6 Using technology for modernizing the

housing sector to increase efficiency

productivity energy efficiency and quality

7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions

and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for

adding to the housing stock

THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including

formulation of effective

foreclosure laws

bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of

resources to the

housing and infrastructure sector

bull Develop a debt market for housing and

infrastructure fully integrated

with the financial markets in the country

bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the

requirement of low cost funds

for the housing needs of the poor

bull Promote research and development and transfer of

technology for

construction of houses

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available

resources to promote development and growth in a

sustained manner

bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing

infrastructure innovative and energy saving

construction materials and methods and also set up

a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the

concessions are correctly targeted and utilized

bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological

standards to protect the environment and provide a

better quality of life in human settlements

bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage

market

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD

1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a

boost to housing and supporting infrastructure

2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in

undertaking housing construction for all segments in

urban and rural areas

3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to

land

4 Facilitate training of construction workers by

converging other development programs through

building centers and other agencies

5 Promote decentralized production and availability of

building material

6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their

responsibilities in regulatory and development

functions

THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare

District Housing Action Plans for rural areas

2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and

augment supply of land for housing particularly

for the vulnerable group

3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural

infrastructure services

4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for

planned development

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE

COMPANIES WOULD

1 Redefine their role and move away from their

traditional approach to housing finance

2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the

needs of people

3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to

those who are in dire need of housing finance

support

4 Mobilize resources from provident funds

insurance funds mutual funds etc For house

building activities

5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize

domestic savings

HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS

DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND

OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role

for facilitating land assembly and development of

infrastructure

2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and

cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient

manner

3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement

THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND

CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD

1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of

houses and development of amenities

2 Forge partnership with state governments and local

authorities for construction of houses

3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out

schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization

basis

RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

ORGANIZATIONS WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw

materials

2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace

them with renewable resources

3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by

various public and private construction agencies

4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and

construction methods

5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the

housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste

based energy

6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new

constructions as well as strengthening of existing

houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and

human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes

cyclones and floods

7 Disseminate (spread) information about new

technologies and provide training to construction

workers in the use of new technologies

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

84

Role of PPP in Affordable Housing

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

85

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

86

JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance

No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million

No of Houses under Progress 0265 million

Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores

(BSUP+IHSDP)

997

achieved

Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of

Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline

Target of 27 cities

27 cities

achieved

Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of

developed land for EWSLIG Timeline

Target of 16 cities

16 cities

achieved

The JNNURM Initiative

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

87

i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP

ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath

iii Vector-free housing layout

iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces

v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and

vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness

Inclusive Planning amp Architecture

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

88

Recommendations

bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100

ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households

ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs

ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment

ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure

ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by

ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and

conversion of agricultural lands for urban use

ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for

making a proper assessment of land

requirements and allocation of such lands for

different uses

ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

89

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

90

Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

91

Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels

Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

92

SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66

References

Inferences

Books

Internet

Case Studies

Library references

bullNational Building Codes

bullGreen Households Domestic consumers

environment and sustainability

bullSustainable design practice

bullModern architecture

bullGaia House Design

bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy

Charles chorea and Raj

Reval

bullIntach library

Net references

bullWikipediacom

bullGooglecoin

bullDDA website

bullWHO living

standards

Case studies

bullResidences in old

Delhi

bullOther

contemporary

houses in

surrounding

houses

References

Page 59: Dessertation ii sem [autosaved]

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59

the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60

Desired outcomes Suggested responses

One two and three-bedroom

dwellings

One two and three-bedroom affordable

housing

dwelling types provide rooms of

sufficient dimensions to support the

safe comfortable and convenient use of

and movement around furniture

facilities and fittings needed by

householders

Studio apartments

Studio apartment rooms provide

adequate space for the function of

individual units including

bull sleeping living dining and kitchen

areas and

bull adequate bathroom laundry and

clothes dryingfacilities

Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table

Studio apartments generally conform to a

minimum

gross floor area of 30m2

The room sizes generally conform to the

following table

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61

Afordability Survey and Analysis

Category

Sample

Income group

Current status

Current Facilities Wishlist

Affordable EMI Analysis

Low

Inco

me

Gro

up

case

-1

A small 2BHK unit

of approx

35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs

lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)

4000

Rentedcommon washrooms

separate washroom

1500 PM no privacy Privacy

Mid

dle

Cla

ss

case

-1

10000-35000

Single 2BHK Family 2bhk

A Good 23BHK unit of approx

100 sqyard in range of

18-25 lacs

Rented Good location 7000

11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry

Bigger balcony

More natural light

Bigger Bedrooms

Good storage Space

case

-2

10000-35000

Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms

RentedBigger living area

7000 PM Good height 10000

Minimum shafts

small kitchenlaundry

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62

EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT

AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1

Category - EWS

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR

CASE -2

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35

CASE -3

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE

5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25

35

40

25

30

1060

30

1060

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63

63

AREA -DAYANAND COLONY

CASE -1

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

1010

30

50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65

GENERAL PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68

NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69

SPACE RELATIONSHIP

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71

Approach for investigating

affordable housing

Knowledge about future

house

Knowledge about present

house

Knowledge about Family

Payment Method

Preferred Area

PreferredLocation

Affordability

TypologicalPreferences

SpacePreferences

Location winNeighborhood

AdvantagesDis

Home TypeOwnershipStatus

Location

NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces

Degree ofSatisfaction

Income level

No of Family Members

EducationalLevel

(husbandwife)

Work Sector

No of Cars

Domestic Labor

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

72

AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

10

10

30

50

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

73

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

74

Conclusion

While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are

increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as

televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While

we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an

auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living

in a slum-like dwelling

It is understandable that economic

growth leads to rise in income but this

has led to even faster rise in property

prices leaving it unaffordable for majority

of population Affordable housing is

expected to have a positive by improving

basic quality of life Problems like traffic

congestion air quality commute times

etc can be resolved by providing proper

housing facilities to the weaker sections

of the society While the concept of

affordable housing seems to be a simple

solution to current housing woes its

execution remains complicated due to the

unclear policy framework To make

affordable housing work in India it would

require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by

slightly adjusting their interests towards a

wider social cause

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

75

Land use planning and

development

The project of the poor

Development standards

Land supply

Land value

Land affordability

Subdivision

Land market

Allocation

Demand

Intervention rationale

Neo liberalism

Site and Service

Subdivision

Land policy

Efficiency and equity

Land management

Direct intervention world

bank

Learning by doing

Site and service

subdivision

Poverty alleviation

Suitability and

acceptability

Affordability standards

subdivision

Intervention usually takes three broad categories

bull planning regulations

bull direct government investments and

bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation

Land management improvements

Example Land Readjustment

direct public investment

Example land banking

Example Site-and-Service

OBJECTIVES

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at

1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on

rental or ownership basis

2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter

options especially to the vulnerable groups

and the poor

3 Ensuring that housing along with the

supporting services is treated as a priority and

at par with infrastructure sector

4 Removing barriers related to legal financial

and administrative for facilitating access to

land finance and technology

5 Forging strong partnership between private

public and cooperative sectors to enhance the

capacity of the construction industry to

participate in every sphere of housing and

habitat

6 Using technology for modernizing the

housing sector to increase efficiency

productivity energy efficiency and quality

7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions

and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for

adding to the housing stock

THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including

formulation of effective

foreclosure laws

bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of

resources to the

housing and infrastructure sector

bull Develop a debt market for housing and

infrastructure fully integrated

with the financial markets in the country

bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the

requirement of low cost funds

for the housing needs of the poor

bull Promote research and development and transfer of

technology for

construction of houses

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available

resources to promote development and growth in a

sustained manner

bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing

infrastructure innovative and energy saving

construction materials and methods and also set up

a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the

concessions are correctly targeted and utilized

bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological

standards to protect the environment and provide a

better quality of life in human settlements

bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage

market

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD

1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a

boost to housing and supporting infrastructure

2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in

undertaking housing construction for all segments in

urban and rural areas

3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to

land

4 Facilitate training of construction workers by

converging other development programs through

building centers and other agencies

5 Promote decentralized production and availability of

building material

6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their

responsibilities in regulatory and development

functions

THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare

District Housing Action Plans for rural areas

2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and

augment supply of land for housing particularly

for the vulnerable group

3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural

infrastructure services

4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for

planned development

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE

COMPANIES WOULD

1 Redefine their role and move away from their

traditional approach to housing finance

2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the

needs of people

3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to

those who are in dire need of housing finance

support

4 Mobilize resources from provident funds

insurance funds mutual funds etc For house

building activities

5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize

domestic savings

HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS

DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND

OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role

for facilitating land assembly and development of

infrastructure

2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and

cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient

manner

3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement

THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND

CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD

1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of

houses and development of amenities

2 Forge partnership with state governments and local

authorities for construction of houses

3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out

schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization

basis

RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

ORGANIZATIONS WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw

materials

2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace

them with renewable resources

3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by

various public and private construction agencies

4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and

construction methods

5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the

housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste

based energy

6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new

constructions as well as strengthening of existing

houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and

human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes

cyclones and floods

7 Disseminate (spread) information about new

technologies and provide training to construction

workers in the use of new technologies

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

84

Role of PPP in Affordable Housing

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

85

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

86

JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance

No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million

No of Houses under Progress 0265 million

Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores

(BSUP+IHSDP)

997

achieved

Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of

Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline

Target of 27 cities

27 cities

achieved

Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of

developed land for EWSLIG Timeline

Target of 16 cities

16 cities

achieved

The JNNURM Initiative

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

87

i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP

ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath

iii Vector-free housing layout

iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces

v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and

vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness

Inclusive Planning amp Architecture

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

88

Recommendations

bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100

ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households

ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs

ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment

ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure

ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by

ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and

conversion of agricultural lands for urban use

ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for

making a proper assessment of land

requirements and allocation of such lands for

different uses

ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

89

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

90

Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

91

Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels

Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

92

SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66

References

Inferences

Books

Internet

Case Studies

Library references

bullNational Building Codes

bullGreen Households Domestic consumers

environment and sustainability

bullSustainable design practice

bullModern architecture

bullGaia House Design

bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy

Charles chorea and Raj

Reval

bullIntach library

Net references

bullWikipediacom

bullGooglecoin

bullDDA website

bullWHO living

standards

Case studies

bullResidences in old

Delhi

bullOther

contemporary

houses in

surrounding

houses

References

Page 60: Dessertation ii sem [autosaved]

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60

Desired outcomes Suggested responses

One two and three-bedroom

dwellings

One two and three-bedroom affordable

housing

dwelling types provide rooms of

sufficient dimensions to support the

safe comfortable and convenient use of

and movement around furniture

facilities and fittings needed by

householders

Studio apartments

Studio apartment rooms provide

adequate space for the function of

individual units including

bull sleeping living dining and kitchen

areas and

bull adequate bathroom laundry and

clothes dryingfacilities

Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table

Studio apartments generally conform to a

minimum

gross floor area of 30m2

The room sizes generally conform to the

following table

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61

Afordability Survey and Analysis

Category

Sample

Income group

Current status

Current Facilities Wishlist

Affordable EMI Analysis

Low

Inco

me

Gro

up

case

-1

A small 2BHK unit

of approx

35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs

lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)

4000

Rentedcommon washrooms

separate washroom

1500 PM no privacy Privacy

Mid

dle

Cla

ss

case

-1

10000-35000

Single 2BHK Family 2bhk

A Good 23BHK unit of approx

100 sqyard in range of

18-25 lacs

Rented Good location 7000

11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry

Bigger balcony

More natural light

Bigger Bedrooms

Good storage Space

case

-2

10000-35000

Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms

RentedBigger living area

7000 PM Good height 10000

Minimum shafts

small kitchenlaundry

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62

EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT

AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1

Category - EWS

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR

CASE -2

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35

CASE -3

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE

5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25

35

40

25

30

1060

30

1060

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63

63

AREA -DAYANAND COLONY

CASE -1

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

1010

30

50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65

GENERAL PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68

NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69

SPACE RELATIONSHIP

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71

Approach for investigating

affordable housing

Knowledge about future

house

Knowledge about present

house

Knowledge about Family

Payment Method

Preferred Area

PreferredLocation

Affordability

TypologicalPreferences

SpacePreferences

Location winNeighborhood

AdvantagesDis

Home TypeOwnershipStatus

Location

NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces

Degree ofSatisfaction

Income level

No of Family Members

EducationalLevel

(husbandwife)

Work Sector

No of Cars

Domestic Labor

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

72

AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

10

10

30

50

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

73

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

74

Conclusion

While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are

increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as

televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While

we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an

auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living

in a slum-like dwelling

It is understandable that economic

growth leads to rise in income but this

has led to even faster rise in property

prices leaving it unaffordable for majority

of population Affordable housing is

expected to have a positive by improving

basic quality of life Problems like traffic

congestion air quality commute times

etc can be resolved by providing proper

housing facilities to the weaker sections

of the society While the concept of

affordable housing seems to be a simple

solution to current housing woes its

execution remains complicated due to the

unclear policy framework To make

affordable housing work in India it would

require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by

slightly adjusting their interests towards a

wider social cause

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

75

Land use planning and

development

The project of the poor

Development standards

Land supply

Land value

Land affordability

Subdivision

Land market

Allocation

Demand

Intervention rationale

Neo liberalism

Site and Service

Subdivision

Land policy

Efficiency and equity

Land management

Direct intervention world

bank

Learning by doing

Site and service

subdivision

Poverty alleviation

Suitability and

acceptability

Affordability standards

subdivision

Intervention usually takes three broad categories

bull planning regulations

bull direct government investments and

bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation

Land management improvements

Example Land Readjustment

direct public investment

Example land banking

Example Site-and-Service

OBJECTIVES

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at

1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on

rental or ownership basis

2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter

options especially to the vulnerable groups

and the poor

3 Ensuring that housing along with the

supporting services is treated as a priority and

at par with infrastructure sector

4 Removing barriers related to legal financial

and administrative for facilitating access to

land finance and technology

5 Forging strong partnership between private

public and cooperative sectors to enhance the

capacity of the construction industry to

participate in every sphere of housing and

habitat

6 Using technology for modernizing the

housing sector to increase efficiency

productivity energy efficiency and quality

7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions

and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for

adding to the housing stock

THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including

formulation of effective

foreclosure laws

bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of

resources to the

housing and infrastructure sector

bull Develop a debt market for housing and

infrastructure fully integrated

with the financial markets in the country

bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the

requirement of low cost funds

for the housing needs of the poor

bull Promote research and development and transfer of

technology for

construction of houses

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available

resources to promote development and growth in a

sustained manner

bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing

infrastructure innovative and energy saving

construction materials and methods and also set up

a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the

concessions are correctly targeted and utilized

bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological

standards to protect the environment and provide a

better quality of life in human settlements

bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage

market

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD

1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a

boost to housing and supporting infrastructure

2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in

undertaking housing construction for all segments in

urban and rural areas

3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to

land

4 Facilitate training of construction workers by

converging other development programs through

building centers and other agencies

5 Promote decentralized production and availability of

building material

6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their

responsibilities in regulatory and development

functions

THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare

District Housing Action Plans for rural areas

2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and

augment supply of land for housing particularly

for the vulnerable group

3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural

infrastructure services

4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for

planned development

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE

COMPANIES WOULD

1 Redefine their role and move away from their

traditional approach to housing finance

2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the

needs of people

3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to

those who are in dire need of housing finance

support

4 Mobilize resources from provident funds

insurance funds mutual funds etc For house

building activities

5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize

domestic savings

HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS

DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND

OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role

for facilitating land assembly and development of

infrastructure

2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and

cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient

manner

3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement

THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND

CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD

1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of

houses and development of amenities

2 Forge partnership with state governments and local

authorities for construction of houses

3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out

schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization

basis

RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

ORGANIZATIONS WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw

materials

2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace

them with renewable resources

3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by

various public and private construction agencies

4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and

construction methods

5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the

housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste

based energy

6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new

constructions as well as strengthening of existing

houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and

human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes

cyclones and floods

7 Disseminate (spread) information about new

technologies and provide training to construction

workers in the use of new technologies

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

84

Role of PPP in Affordable Housing

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

85

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

86

JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance

No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million

No of Houses under Progress 0265 million

Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores

(BSUP+IHSDP)

997

achieved

Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of

Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline

Target of 27 cities

27 cities

achieved

Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of

developed land for EWSLIG Timeline

Target of 16 cities

16 cities

achieved

The JNNURM Initiative

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

87

i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP

ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath

iii Vector-free housing layout

iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces

v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and

vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness

Inclusive Planning amp Architecture

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

88

Recommendations

bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100

ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households

ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs

ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment

ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure

ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by

ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and

conversion of agricultural lands for urban use

ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for

making a proper assessment of land

requirements and allocation of such lands for

different uses

ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

89

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

90

Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

91

Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels

Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

92

SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66

References

Inferences

Books

Internet

Case Studies

Library references

bullNational Building Codes

bullGreen Households Domestic consumers

environment and sustainability

bullSustainable design practice

bullModern architecture

bullGaia House Design

bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy

Charles chorea and Raj

Reval

bullIntach library

Net references

bullWikipediacom

bullGooglecoin

bullDDA website

bullWHO living

standards

Case studies

bullResidences in old

Delhi

bullOther

contemporary

houses in

surrounding

houses

References

Page 61: Dessertation ii sem [autosaved]

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61

Afordability Survey and Analysis

Category

Sample

Income group

Current status

Current Facilities Wishlist

Affordable EMI Analysis

Low

Inco

me

Gro

up

case

-1

A small 2BHK unit

of approx

35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs

lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)

4000

Rentedcommon washrooms

separate washroom

1500 PM no privacy Privacy

Mid

dle

Cla

ss

case

-1

10000-35000

Single 2BHK Family 2bhk

A Good 23BHK unit of approx

100 sqyard in range of

18-25 lacs

Rented Good location 7000

11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry

Bigger balcony

More natural light

Bigger Bedrooms

Good storage Space

case

-2

10000-35000

Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms

RentedBigger living area

7000 PM Good height 10000

Minimum shafts

small kitchenlaundry

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62

EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT

AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1

Category - EWS

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR

CASE -2

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35

CASE -3

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE

5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25

35

40

25

30

1060

30

1060

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63

63

AREA -DAYANAND COLONY

CASE -1

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

1010

30

50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65

GENERAL PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68

NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69

SPACE RELATIONSHIP

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71

Approach for investigating

affordable housing

Knowledge about future

house

Knowledge about present

house

Knowledge about Family

Payment Method

Preferred Area

PreferredLocation

Affordability

TypologicalPreferences

SpacePreferences

Location winNeighborhood

AdvantagesDis

Home TypeOwnershipStatus

Location

NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces

Degree ofSatisfaction

Income level

No of Family Members

EducationalLevel

(husbandwife)

Work Sector

No of Cars

Domestic Labor

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

72

AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

10

10

30

50

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

73

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

74

Conclusion

While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are

increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as

televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While

we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an

auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living

in a slum-like dwelling

It is understandable that economic

growth leads to rise in income but this

has led to even faster rise in property

prices leaving it unaffordable for majority

of population Affordable housing is

expected to have a positive by improving

basic quality of life Problems like traffic

congestion air quality commute times

etc can be resolved by providing proper

housing facilities to the weaker sections

of the society While the concept of

affordable housing seems to be a simple

solution to current housing woes its

execution remains complicated due to the

unclear policy framework To make

affordable housing work in India it would

require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by

slightly adjusting their interests towards a

wider social cause

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

75

Land use planning and

development

The project of the poor

Development standards

Land supply

Land value

Land affordability

Subdivision

Land market

Allocation

Demand

Intervention rationale

Neo liberalism

Site and Service

Subdivision

Land policy

Efficiency and equity

Land management

Direct intervention world

bank

Learning by doing

Site and service

subdivision

Poverty alleviation

Suitability and

acceptability

Affordability standards

subdivision

Intervention usually takes three broad categories

bull planning regulations

bull direct government investments and

bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation

Land management improvements

Example Land Readjustment

direct public investment

Example land banking

Example Site-and-Service

OBJECTIVES

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at

1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on

rental or ownership basis

2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter

options especially to the vulnerable groups

and the poor

3 Ensuring that housing along with the

supporting services is treated as a priority and

at par with infrastructure sector

4 Removing barriers related to legal financial

and administrative for facilitating access to

land finance and technology

5 Forging strong partnership between private

public and cooperative sectors to enhance the

capacity of the construction industry to

participate in every sphere of housing and

habitat

6 Using technology for modernizing the

housing sector to increase efficiency

productivity energy efficiency and quality

7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions

and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for

adding to the housing stock

THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including

formulation of effective

foreclosure laws

bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of

resources to the

housing and infrastructure sector

bull Develop a debt market for housing and

infrastructure fully integrated

with the financial markets in the country

bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the

requirement of low cost funds

for the housing needs of the poor

bull Promote research and development and transfer of

technology for

construction of houses

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available

resources to promote development and growth in a

sustained manner

bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing

infrastructure innovative and energy saving

construction materials and methods and also set up

a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the

concessions are correctly targeted and utilized

bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological

standards to protect the environment and provide a

better quality of life in human settlements

bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage

market

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD

1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a

boost to housing and supporting infrastructure

2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in

undertaking housing construction for all segments in

urban and rural areas

3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to

land

4 Facilitate training of construction workers by

converging other development programs through

building centers and other agencies

5 Promote decentralized production and availability of

building material

6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their

responsibilities in regulatory and development

functions

THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare

District Housing Action Plans for rural areas

2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and

augment supply of land for housing particularly

for the vulnerable group

3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural

infrastructure services

4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for

planned development

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE

COMPANIES WOULD

1 Redefine their role and move away from their

traditional approach to housing finance

2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the

needs of people

3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to

those who are in dire need of housing finance

support

4 Mobilize resources from provident funds

insurance funds mutual funds etc For house

building activities

5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize

domestic savings

HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS

DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND

OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role

for facilitating land assembly and development of

infrastructure

2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and

cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient

manner

3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement

THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND

CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD

1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of

houses and development of amenities

2 Forge partnership with state governments and local

authorities for construction of houses

3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out

schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization

basis

RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

ORGANIZATIONS WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw

materials

2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace

them with renewable resources

3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by

various public and private construction agencies

4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and

construction methods

5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the

housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste

based energy

6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new

constructions as well as strengthening of existing

houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and

human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes

cyclones and floods

7 Disseminate (spread) information about new

technologies and provide training to construction

workers in the use of new technologies

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

84

Role of PPP in Affordable Housing

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

85

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

86

JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance

No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million

No of Houses under Progress 0265 million

Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores

(BSUP+IHSDP)

997

achieved

Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of

Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline

Target of 27 cities

27 cities

achieved

Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of

developed land for EWSLIG Timeline

Target of 16 cities

16 cities

achieved

The JNNURM Initiative

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

87

i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP

ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath

iii Vector-free housing layout

iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces

v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and

vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness

Inclusive Planning amp Architecture

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

88

Recommendations

bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100

ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households

ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs

ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment

ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure

ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by

ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and

conversion of agricultural lands for urban use

ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for

making a proper assessment of land

requirements and allocation of such lands for

different uses

ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

89

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

90

Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

91

Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels

Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

92

SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66

References

Inferences

Books

Internet

Case Studies

Library references

bullNational Building Codes

bullGreen Households Domestic consumers

environment and sustainability

bullSustainable design practice

bullModern architecture

bullGaia House Design

bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy

Charles chorea and Raj

Reval

bullIntach library

Net references

bullWikipediacom

bullGooglecoin

bullDDA website

bullWHO living

standards

Case studies

bullResidences in old

Delhi

bullOther

contemporary

houses in

surrounding

houses

References

Page 62: Dessertation ii sem [autosaved]

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62

EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT

AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1

Category - EWS

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR

CASE -2

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35

CASE -3

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()

GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE

5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)

TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25

35

40

25

30

1060

30

1060

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63

63

AREA -DAYANAND COLONY

CASE -1

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

1010

30

50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65

GENERAL PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68

NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69

SPACE RELATIONSHIP

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71

Approach for investigating

affordable housing

Knowledge about future

house

Knowledge about present

house

Knowledge about Family

Payment Method

Preferred Area

PreferredLocation

Affordability

TypologicalPreferences

SpacePreferences

Location winNeighborhood

AdvantagesDis

Home TypeOwnershipStatus

Location

NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces

Degree ofSatisfaction

Income level

No of Family Members

EducationalLevel

(husbandwife)

Work Sector

No of Cars

Domestic Labor

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

72

AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

10

10

30

50

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

73

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

74

Conclusion

While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are

increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as

televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While

we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an

auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living

in a slum-like dwelling

It is understandable that economic

growth leads to rise in income but this

has led to even faster rise in property

prices leaving it unaffordable for majority

of population Affordable housing is

expected to have a positive by improving

basic quality of life Problems like traffic

congestion air quality commute times

etc can be resolved by providing proper

housing facilities to the weaker sections

of the society While the concept of

affordable housing seems to be a simple

solution to current housing woes its

execution remains complicated due to the

unclear policy framework To make

affordable housing work in India it would

require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by

slightly adjusting their interests towards a

wider social cause

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

75

Land use planning and

development

The project of the poor

Development standards

Land supply

Land value

Land affordability

Subdivision

Land market

Allocation

Demand

Intervention rationale

Neo liberalism

Site and Service

Subdivision

Land policy

Efficiency and equity

Land management

Direct intervention world

bank

Learning by doing

Site and service

subdivision

Poverty alleviation

Suitability and

acceptability

Affordability standards

subdivision

Intervention usually takes three broad categories

bull planning regulations

bull direct government investments and

bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation

Land management improvements

Example Land Readjustment

direct public investment

Example land banking

Example Site-and-Service

OBJECTIVES

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at

1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on

rental or ownership basis

2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter

options especially to the vulnerable groups

and the poor

3 Ensuring that housing along with the

supporting services is treated as a priority and

at par with infrastructure sector

4 Removing barriers related to legal financial

and administrative for facilitating access to

land finance and technology

5 Forging strong partnership between private

public and cooperative sectors to enhance the

capacity of the construction industry to

participate in every sphere of housing and

habitat

6 Using technology for modernizing the

housing sector to increase efficiency

productivity energy efficiency and quality

7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions

and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for

adding to the housing stock

THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including

formulation of effective

foreclosure laws

bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of

resources to the

housing and infrastructure sector

bull Develop a debt market for housing and

infrastructure fully integrated

with the financial markets in the country

bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the

requirement of low cost funds

for the housing needs of the poor

bull Promote research and development and transfer of

technology for

construction of houses

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available

resources to promote development and growth in a

sustained manner

bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing

infrastructure innovative and energy saving

construction materials and methods and also set up

a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the

concessions are correctly targeted and utilized

bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological

standards to protect the environment and provide a

better quality of life in human settlements

bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage

market

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD

1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a

boost to housing and supporting infrastructure

2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in

undertaking housing construction for all segments in

urban and rural areas

3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to

land

4 Facilitate training of construction workers by

converging other development programs through

building centers and other agencies

5 Promote decentralized production and availability of

building material

6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their

responsibilities in regulatory and development

functions

THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare

District Housing Action Plans for rural areas

2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and

augment supply of land for housing particularly

for the vulnerable group

3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural

infrastructure services

4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for

planned development

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE

COMPANIES WOULD

1 Redefine their role and move away from their

traditional approach to housing finance

2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the

needs of people

3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to

those who are in dire need of housing finance

support

4 Mobilize resources from provident funds

insurance funds mutual funds etc For house

building activities

5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize

domestic savings

HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS

DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND

OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role

for facilitating land assembly and development of

infrastructure

2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and

cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient

manner

3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement

THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND

CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD

1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of

houses and development of amenities

2 Forge partnership with state governments and local

authorities for construction of houses

3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out

schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization

basis

RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

ORGANIZATIONS WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw

materials

2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace

them with renewable resources

3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by

various public and private construction agencies

4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and

construction methods

5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the

housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste

based energy

6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new

constructions as well as strengthening of existing

houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and

human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes

cyclones and floods

7 Disseminate (spread) information about new

technologies and provide training to construction

workers in the use of new technologies

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

84

Role of PPP in Affordable Housing

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

85

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

86

JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance

No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million

No of Houses under Progress 0265 million

Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores

(BSUP+IHSDP)

997

achieved

Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of

Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline

Target of 27 cities

27 cities

achieved

Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of

developed land for EWSLIG Timeline

Target of 16 cities

16 cities

achieved

The JNNURM Initiative

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

87

i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP

ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath

iii Vector-free housing layout

iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces

v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and

vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness

Inclusive Planning amp Architecture

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

88

Recommendations

bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100

ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households

ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs

ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment

ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure

ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by

ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and

conversion of agricultural lands for urban use

ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for

making a proper assessment of land

requirements and allocation of such lands for

different uses

ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

89

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

90

Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

91

Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels

Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

92

SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66

References

Inferences

Books

Internet

Case Studies

Library references

bullNational Building Codes

bullGreen Households Domestic consumers

environment and sustainability

bullSustainable design practice

bullModern architecture

bullGaia House Design

bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy

Charles chorea and Raj

Reval

bullIntach library

Net references

bullWikipediacom

bullGooglecoin

bullDDA website

bullWHO living

standards

Case studies

bullResidences in old

Delhi

bullOther

contemporary

houses in

surrounding

houses

References

Page 63: Dessertation ii sem [autosaved]

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63

63

AREA -DAYANAND COLONY

CASE -1

Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2

Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE

()

GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

1010

30

50

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65

GENERAL PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68

NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69

SPACE RELATIONSHIP

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71

Approach for investigating

affordable housing

Knowledge about future

house

Knowledge about present

house

Knowledge about Family

Payment Method

Preferred Area

PreferredLocation

Affordability

TypologicalPreferences

SpacePreferences

Location winNeighborhood

AdvantagesDis

Home TypeOwnershipStatus

Location

NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces

Degree ofSatisfaction

Income level

No of Family Members

EducationalLevel

(husbandwife)

Work Sector

No of Cars

Domestic Labor

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

72

AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

10

10

30

50

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

73

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

74

Conclusion

While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are

increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as

televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While

we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an

auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living

in a slum-like dwelling

It is understandable that economic

growth leads to rise in income but this

has led to even faster rise in property

prices leaving it unaffordable for majority

of population Affordable housing is

expected to have a positive by improving

basic quality of life Problems like traffic

congestion air quality commute times

etc can be resolved by providing proper

housing facilities to the weaker sections

of the society While the concept of

affordable housing seems to be a simple

solution to current housing woes its

execution remains complicated due to the

unclear policy framework To make

affordable housing work in India it would

require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by

slightly adjusting their interests towards a

wider social cause

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

75

Land use planning and

development

The project of the poor

Development standards

Land supply

Land value

Land affordability

Subdivision

Land market

Allocation

Demand

Intervention rationale

Neo liberalism

Site and Service

Subdivision

Land policy

Efficiency and equity

Land management

Direct intervention world

bank

Learning by doing

Site and service

subdivision

Poverty alleviation

Suitability and

acceptability

Affordability standards

subdivision

Intervention usually takes three broad categories

bull planning regulations

bull direct government investments and

bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation

Land management improvements

Example Land Readjustment

direct public investment

Example land banking

Example Site-and-Service

OBJECTIVES

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at

1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on

rental or ownership basis

2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter

options especially to the vulnerable groups

and the poor

3 Ensuring that housing along with the

supporting services is treated as a priority and

at par with infrastructure sector

4 Removing barriers related to legal financial

and administrative for facilitating access to

land finance and technology

5 Forging strong partnership between private

public and cooperative sectors to enhance the

capacity of the construction industry to

participate in every sphere of housing and

habitat

6 Using technology for modernizing the

housing sector to increase efficiency

productivity energy efficiency and quality

7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions

and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for

adding to the housing stock

THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including

formulation of effective

foreclosure laws

bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of

resources to the

housing and infrastructure sector

bull Develop a debt market for housing and

infrastructure fully integrated

with the financial markets in the country

bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the

requirement of low cost funds

for the housing needs of the poor

bull Promote research and development and transfer of

technology for

construction of houses

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available

resources to promote development and growth in a

sustained manner

bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing

infrastructure innovative and energy saving

construction materials and methods and also set up

a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the

concessions are correctly targeted and utilized

bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological

standards to protect the environment and provide a

better quality of life in human settlements

bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage

market

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD

1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a

boost to housing and supporting infrastructure

2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in

undertaking housing construction for all segments in

urban and rural areas

3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to

land

4 Facilitate training of construction workers by

converging other development programs through

building centers and other agencies

5 Promote decentralized production and availability of

building material

6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their

responsibilities in regulatory and development

functions

THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare

District Housing Action Plans for rural areas

2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and

augment supply of land for housing particularly

for the vulnerable group

3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural

infrastructure services

4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for

planned development

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE

COMPANIES WOULD

1 Redefine their role and move away from their

traditional approach to housing finance

2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the

needs of people

3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to

those who are in dire need of housing finance

support

4 Mobilize resources from provident funds

insurance funds mutual funds etc For house

building activities

5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize

domestic savings

HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS

DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND

OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role

for facilitating land assembly and development of

infrastructure

2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and

cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient

manner

3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement

THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND

CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD

1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of

houses and development of amenities

2 Forge partnership with state governments and local

authorities for construction of houses

3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out

schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization

basis

RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

ORGANIZATIONS WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw

materials

2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace

them with renewable resources

3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by

various public and private construction agencies

4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and

construction methods

5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the

housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste

based energy

6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new

constructions as well as strengthening of existing

houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and

human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes

cyclones and floods

7 Disseminate (spread) information about new

technologies and provide training to construction

workers in the use of new technologies

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

84

Role of PPP in Affordable Housing

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

85

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

86

JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance

No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million

No of Houses under Progress 0265 million

Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores

(BSUP+IHSDP)

997

achieved

Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of

Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline

Target of 27 cities

27 cities

achieved

Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of

developed land for EWSLIG Timeline

Target of 16 cities

16 cities

achieved

The JNNURM Initiative

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

87

i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP

ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath

iii Vector-free housing layout

iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces

v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and

vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness

Inclusive Planning amp Architecture

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

88

Recommendations

bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100

ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households

ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs

ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment

ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure

ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by

ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and

conversion of agricultural lands for urban use

ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for

making a proper assessment of land

requirements and allocation of such lands for

different uses

ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

89

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

90

Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

91

Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels

Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

92

SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66

References

Inferences

Books

Internet

Case Studies

Library references

bullNational Building Codes

bullGreen Households Domestic consumers

environment and sustainability

bullSustainable design practice

bullModern architecture

bullGaia House Design

bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy

Charles chorea and Raj

Reval

bullIntach library

Net references

bullWikipediacom

bullGooglecoin

bullDDA website

bullWHO living

standards

Case studies

bullResidences in old

Delhi

bullOther

contemporary

houses in

surrounding

houses

References

Page 64: Dessertation ii sem [autosaved]

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65

GENERAL PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68

NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69

SPACE RELATIONSHIP

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71

Approach for investigating

affordable housing

Knowledge about future

house

Knowledge about present

house

Knowledge about Family

Payment Method

Preferred Area

PreferredLocation

Affordability

TypologicalPreferences

SpacePreferences

Location winNeighborhood

AdvantagesDis

Home TypeOwnershipStatus

Location

NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces

Degree ofSatisfaction

Income level

No of Family Members

EducationalLevel

(husbandwife)

Work Sector

No of Cars

Domestic Labor

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

72

AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

10

10

30

50

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

73

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

74

Conclusion

While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are

increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as

televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While

we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an

auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living

in a slum-like dwelling

It is understandable that economic

growth leads to rise in income but this

has led to even faster rise in property

prices leaving it unaffordable for majority

of population Affordable housing is

expected to have a positive by improving

basic quality of life Problems like traffic

congestion air quality commute times

etc can be resolved by providing proper

housing facilities to the weaker sections

of the society While the concept of

affordable housing seems to be a simple

solution to current housing woes its

execution remains complicated due to the

unclear policy framework To make

affordable housing work in India it would

require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by

slightly adjusting their interests towards a

wider social cause

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

75

Land use planning and

development

The project of the poor

Development standards

Land supply

Land value

Land affordability

Subdivision

Land market

Allocation

Demand

Intervention rationale

Neo liberalism

Site and Service

Subdivision

Land policy

Efficiency and equity

Land management

Direct intervention world

bank

Learning by doing

Site and service

subdivision

Poverty alleviation

Suitability and

acceptability

Affordability standards

subdivision

Intervention usually takes three broad categories

bull planning regulations

bull direct government investments and

bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation

Land management improvements

Example Land Readjustment

direct public investment

Example land banking

Example Site-and-Service

OBJECTIVES

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at

1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on

rental or ownership basis

2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter

options especially to the vulnerable groups

and the poor

3 Ensuring that housing along with the

supporting services is treated as a priority and

at par with infrastructure sector

4 Removing barriers related to legal financial

and administrative for facilitating access to

land finance and technology

5 Forging strong partnership between private

public and cooperative sectors to enhance the

capacity of the construction industry to

participate in every sphere of housing and

habitat

6 Using technology for modernizing the

housing sector to increase efficiency

productivity energy efficiency and quality

7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions

and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for

adding to the housing stock

THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including

formulation of effective

foreclosure laws

bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of

resources to the

housing and infrastructure sector

bull Develop a debt market for housing and

infrastructure fully integrated

with the financial markets in the country

bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the

requirement of low cost funds

for the housing needs of the poor

bull Promote research and development and transfer of

technology for

construction of houses

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available

resources to promote development and growth in a

sustained manner

bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing

infrastructure innovative and energy saving

construction materials and methods and also set up

a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the

concessions are correctly targeted and utilized

bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological

standards to protect the environment and provide a

better quality of life in human settlements

bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage

market

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD

1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a

boost to housing and supporting infrastructure

2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in

undertaking housing construction for all segments in

urban and rural areas

3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to

land

4 Facilitate training of construction workers by

converging other development programs through

building centers and other agencies

5 Promote decentralized production and availability of

building material

6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their

responsibilities in regulatory and development

functions

THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare

District Housing Action Plans for rural areas

2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and

augment supply of land for housing particularly

for the vulnerable group

3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural

infrastructure services

4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for

planned development

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE

COMPANIES WOULD

1 Redefine their role and move away from their

traditional approach to housing finance

2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the

needs of people

3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to

those who are in dire need of housing finance

support

4 Mobilize resources from provident funds

insurance funds mutual funds etc For house

building activities

5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize

domestic savings

HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS

DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND

OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role

for facilitating land assembly and development of

infrastructure

2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and

cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient

manner

3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement

THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND

CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD

1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of

houses and development of amenities

2 Forge partnership with state governments and local

authorities for construction of houses

3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out

schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization

basis

RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

ORGANIZATIONS WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw

materials

2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace

them with renewable resources

3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by

various public and private construction agencies

4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and

construction methods

5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the

housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste

based energy

6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new

constructions as well as strengthening of existing

houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and

human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes

cyclones and floods

7 Disseminate (spread) information about new

technologies and provide training to construction

workers in the use of new technologies

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

84

Role of PPP in Affordable Housing

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

85

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

86

JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance

No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million

No of Houses under Progress 0265 million

Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores

(BSUP+IHSDP)

997

achieved

Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of

Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline

Target of 27 cities

27 cities

achieved

Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of

developed land for EWSLIG Timeline

Target of 16 cities

16 cities

achieved

The JNNURM Initiative

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

87

i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP

ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath

iii Vector-free housing layout

iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces

v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and

vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness

Inclusive Planning amp Architecture

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

88

Recommendations

bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100

ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households

ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs

ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment

ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure

ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by

ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and

conversion of agricultural lands for urban use

ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for

making a proper assessment of land

requirements and allocation of such lands for

different uses

ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

89

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

90

Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

91

Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels

Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

92

SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66

References

Inferences

Books

Internet

Case Studies

Library references

bullNational Building Codes

bullGreen Households Domestic consumers

environment and sustainability

bullSustainable design practice

bullModern architecture

bullGaia House Design

bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy

Charles chorea and Raj

Reval

bullIntach library

Net references

bullWikipediacom

bullGooglecoin

bullDDA website

bullWHO living

standards

Case studies

bullResidences in old

Delhi

bullOther

contemporary

houses in

surrounding

houses

References

Page 65: Dessertation ii sem [autosaved]

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65

GENERAL PLANNING

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68

NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69

SPACE RELATIONSHIP

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71

Approach for investigating

affordable housing

Knowledge about future

house

Knowledge about present

house

Knowledge about Family

Payment Method

Preferred Area

PreferredLocation

Affordability

TypologicalPreferences

SpacePreferences

Location winNeighborhood

AdvantagesDis

Home TypeOwnershipStatus

Location

NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces

Degree ofSatisfaction

Income level

No of Family Members

EducationalLevel

(husbandwife)

Work Sector

No of Cars

Domestic Labor

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

72

AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

10

10

30

50

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

73

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

74

Conclusion

While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are

increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as

televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While

we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an

auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living

in a slum-like dwelling

It is understandable that economic

growth leads to rise in income but this

has led to even faster rise in property

prices leaving it unaffordable for majority

of population Affordable housing is

expected to have a positive by improving

basic quality of life Problems like traffic

congestion air quality commute times

etc can be resolved by providing proper

housing facilities to the weaker sections

of the society While the concept of

affordable housing seems to be a simple

solution to current housing woes its

execution remains complicated due to the

unclear policy framework To make

affordable housing work in India it would

require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by

slightly adjusting their interests towards a

wider social cause

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

75

Land use planning and

development

The project of the poor

Development standards

Land supply

Land value

Land affordability

Subdivision

Land market

Allocation

Demand

Intervention rationale

Neo liberalism

Site and Service

Subdivision

Land policy

Efficiency and equity

Land management

Direct intervention world

bank

Learning by doing

Site and service

subdivision

Poverty alleviation

Suitability and

acceptability

Affordability standards

subdivision

Intervention usually takes three broad categories

bull planning regulations

bull direct government investments and

bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation

Land management improvements

Example Land Readjustment

direct public investment

Example land banking

Example Site-and-Service

OBJECTIVES

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at

1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on

rental or ownership basis

2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter

options especially to the vulnerable groups

and the poor

3 Ensuring that housing along with the

supporting services is treated as a priority and

at par with infrastructure sector

4 Removing barriers related to legal financial

and administrative for facilitating access to

land finance and technology

5 Forging strong partnership between private

public and cooperative sectors to enhance the

capacity of the construction industry to

participate in every sphere of housing and

habitat

6 Using technology for modernizing the

housing sector to increase efficiency

productivity energy efficiency and quality

7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions

and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for

adding to the housing stock

THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including

formulation of effective

foreclosure laws

bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of

resources to the

housing and infrastructure sector

bull Develop a debt market for housing and

infrastructure fully integrated

with the financial markets in the country

bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the

requirement of low cost funds

for the housing needs of the poor

bull Promote research and development and transfer of

technology for

construction of houses

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available

resources to promote development and growth in a

sustained manner

bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing

infrastructure innovative and energy saving

construction materials and methods and also set up

a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the

concessions are correctly targeted and utilized

bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological

standards to protect the environment and provide a

better quality of life in human settlements

bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage

market

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD

1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a

boost to housing and supporting infrastructure

2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in

undertaking housing construction for all segments in

urban and rural areas

3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to

land

4 Facilitate training of construction workers by

converging other development programs through

building centers and other agencies

5 Promote decentralized production and availability of

building material

6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their

responsibilities in regulatory and development

functions

THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare

District Housing Action Plans for rural areas

2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and

augment supply of land for housing particularly

for the vulnerable group

3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural

infrastructure services

4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for

planned development

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE

COMPANIES WOULD

1 Redefine their role and move away from their

traditional approach to housing finance

2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the

needs of people

3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to

those who are in dire need of housing finance

support

4 Mobilize resources from provident funds

insurance funds mutual funds etc For house

building activities

5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize

domestic savings

HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS

DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND

OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role

for facilitating land assembly and development of

infrastructure

2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and

cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient

manner

3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement

THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND

CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD

1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of

houses and development of amenities

2 Forge partnership with state governments and local

authorities for construction of houses

3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out

schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization

basis

RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

ORGANIZATIONS WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw

materials

2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace

them with renewable resources

3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by

various public and private construction agencies

4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and

construction methods

5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the

housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste

based energy

6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new

constructions as well as strengthening of existing

houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and

human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes

cyclones and floods

7 Disseminate (spread) information about new

technologies and provide training to construction

workers in the use of new technologies

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

84

Role of PPP in Affordable Housing

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

85

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

86

JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance

No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million

No of Houses under Progress 0265 million

Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores

(BSUP+IHSDP)

997

achieved

Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of

Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline

Target of 27 cities

27 cities

achieved

Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of

developed land for EWSLIG Timeline

Target of 16 cities

16 cities

achieved

The JNNURM Initiative

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

87

i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP

ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath

iii Vector-free housing layout

iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces

v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and

vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness

Inclusive Planning amp Architecture

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

88

Recommendations

bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100

ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households

ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs

ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment

ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure

ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by

ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and

conversion of agricultural lands for urban use

ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for

making a proper assessment of land

requirements and allocation of such lands for

different uses

ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

89

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

90

Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

91

Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels

Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

92

SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66

References

Inferences

Books

Internet

Case Studies

Library references

bullNational Building Codes

bullGreen Households Domestic consumers

environment and sustainability

bullSustainable design practice

bullModern architecture

bullGaia House Design

bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy

Charles chorea and Raj

Reval

bullIntach library

Net references

bullWikipediacom

bullGooglecoin

bullDDA website

bullWHO living

standards

Case studies

bullResidences in old

Delhi

bullOther

contemporary

houses in

surrounding

houses

References

Page 66: Dessertation ii sem [autosaved]

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68

NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69

SPACE RELATIONSHIP

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71

Approach for investigating

affordable housing

Knowledge about future

house

Knowledge about present

house

Knowledge about Family

Payment Method

Preferred Area

PreferredLocation

Affordability

TypologicalPreferences

SpacePreferences

Location winNeighborhood

AdvantagesDis

Home TypeOwnershipStatus

Location

NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces

Degree ofSatisfaction

Income level

No of Family Members

EducationalLevel

(husbandwife)

Work Sector

No of Cars

Domestic Labor

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

72

AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

10

10

30

50

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

73

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

74

Conclusion

While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are

increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as

televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While

we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an

auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living

in a slum-like dwelling

It is understandable that economic

growth leads to rise in income but this

has led to even faster rise in property

prices leaving it unaffordable for majority

of population Affordable housing is

expected to have a positive by improving

basic quality of life Problems like traffic

congestion air quality commute times

etc can be resolved by providing proper

housing facilities to the weaker sections

of the society While the concept of

affordable housing seems to be a simple

solution to current housing woes its

execution remains complicated due to the

unclear policy framework To make

affordable housing work in India it would

require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by

slightly adjusting their interests towards a

wider social cause

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

75

Land use planning and

development

The project of the poor

Development standards

Land supply

Land value

Land affordability

Subdivision

Land market

Allocation

Demand

Intervention rationale

Neo liberalism

Site and Service

Subdivision

Land policy

Efficiency and equity

Land management

Direct intervention world

bank

Learning by doing

Site and service

subdivision

Poverty alleviation

Suitability and

acceptability

Affordability standards

subdivision

Intervention usually takes three broad categories

bull planning regulations

bull direct government investments and

bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation

Land management improvements

Example Land Readjustment

direct public investment

Example land banking

Example Site-and-Service

OBJECTIVES

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at

1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on

rental or ownership basis

2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter

options especially to the vulnerable groups

and the poor

3 Ensuring that housing along with the

supporting services is treated as a priority and

at par with infrastructure sector

4 Removing barriers related to legal financial

and administrative for facilitating access to

land finance and technology

5 Forging strong partnership between private

public and cooperative sectors to enhance the

capacity of the construction industry to

participate in every sphere of housing and

habitat

6 Using technology for modernizing the

housing sector to increase efficiency

productivity energy efficiency and quality

7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions

and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for

adding to the housing stock

THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including

formulation of effective

foreclosure laws

bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of

resources to the

housing and infrastructure sector

bull Develop a debt market for housing and

infrastructure fully integrated

with the financial markets in the country

bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the

requirement of low cost funds

for the housing needs of the poor

bull Promote research and development and transfer of

technology for

construction of houses

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available

resources to promote development and growth in a

sustained manner

bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing

infrastructure innovative and energy saving

construction materials and methods and also set up

a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the

concessions are correctly targeted and utilized

bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological

standards to protect the environment and provide a

better quality of life in human settlements

bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage

market

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD

1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a

boost to housing and supporting infrastructure

2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in

undertaking housing construction for all segments in

urban and rural areas

3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to

land

4 Facilitate training of construction workers by

converging other development programs through

building centers and other agencies

5 Promote decentralized production and availability of

building material

6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their

responsibilities in regulatory and development

functions

THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare

District Housing Action Plans for rural areas

2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and

augment supply of land for housing particularly

for the vulnerable group

3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural

infrastructure services

4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for

planned development

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE

COMPANIES WOULD

1 Redefine their role and move away from their

traditional approach to housing finance

2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the

needs of people

3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to

those who are in dire need of housing finance

support

4 Mobilize resources from provident funds

insurance funds mutual funds etc For house

building activities

5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize

domestic savings

HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS

DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND

OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role

for facilitating land assembly and development of

infrastructure

2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and

cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient

manner

3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement

THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND

CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD

1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of

houses and development of amenities

2 Forge partnership with state governments and local

authorities for construction of houses

3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out

schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization

basis

RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

ORGANIZATIONS WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw

materials

2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace

them with renewable resources

3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by

various public and private construction agencies

4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and

construction methods

5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the

housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste

based energy

6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new

constructions as well as strengthening of existing

houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and

human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes

cyclones and floods

7 Disseminate (spread) information about new

technologies and provide training to construction

workers in the use of new technologies

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

84

Role of PPP in Affordable Housing

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

85

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

86

JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance

No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million

No of Houses under Progress 0265 million

Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores

(BSUP+IHSDP)

997

achieved

Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of

Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline

Target of 27 cities

27 cities

achieved

Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of

developed land for EWSLIG Timeline

Target of 16 cities

16 cities

achieved

The JNNURM Initiative

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

87

i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP

ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath

iii Vector-free housing layout

iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces

v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and

vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness

Inclusive Planning amp Architecture

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

88

Recommendations

bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100

ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households

ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs

ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment

ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure

ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by

ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and

conversion of agricultural lands for urban use

ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for

making a proper assessment of land

requirements and allocation of such lands for

different uses

ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

89

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

90

Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

91

Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels

Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

92

SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66

References

Inferences

Books

Internet

Case Studies

Library references

bullNational Building Codes

bullGreen Households Domestic consumers

environment and sustainability

bullSustainable design practice

bullModern architecture

bullGaia House Design

bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy

Charles chorea and Raj

Reval

bullIntach library

Net references

bullWikipediacom

bullGooglecoin

bullDDA website

bullWHO living

standards

Case studies

bullResidences in old

Delhi

bullOther

contemporary

houses in

surrounding

houses

References

Page 67: Dessertation ii sem [autosaved]

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68

NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69

SPACE RELATIONSHIP

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71

Approach for investigating

affordable housing

Knowledge about future

house

Knowledge about present

house

Knowledge about Family

Payment Method

Preferred Area

PreferredLocation

Affordability

TypologicalPreferences

SpacePreferences

Location winNeighborhood

AdvantagesDis

Home TypeOwnershipStatus

Location

NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces

Degree ofSatisfaction

Income level

No of Family Members

EducationalLevel

(husbandwife)

Work Sector

No of Cars

Domestic Labor

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

72

AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

10

10

30

50

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

73

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

74

Conclusion

While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are

increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as

televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While

we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an

auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living

in a slum-like dwelling

It is understandable that economic

growth leads to rise in income but this

has led to even faster rise in property

prices leaving it unaffordable for majority

of population Affordable housing is

expected to have a positive by improving

basic quality of life Problems like traffic

congestion air quality commute times

etc can be resolved by providing proper

housing facilities to the weaker sections

of the society While the concept of

affordable housing seems to be a simple

solution to current housing woes its

execution remains complicated due to the

unclear policy framework To make

affordable housing work in India it would

require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by

slightly adjusting their interests towards a

wider social cause

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

75

Land use planning and

development

The project of the poor

Development standards

Land supply

Land value

Land affordability

Subdivision

Land market

Allocation

Demand

Intervention rationale

Neo liberalism

Site and Service

Subdivision

Land policy

Efficiency and equity

Land management

Direct intervention world

bank

Learning by doing

Site and service

subdivision

Poverty alleviation

Suitability and

acceptability

Affordability standards

subdivision

Intervention usually takes three broad categories

bull planning regulations

bull direct government investments and

bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation

Land management improvements

Example Land Readjustment

direct public investment

Example land banking

Example Site-and-Service

OBJECTIVES

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at

1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on

rental or ownership basis

2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter

options especially to the vulnerable groups

and the poor

3 Ensuring that housing along with the

supporting services is treated as a priority and

at par with infrastructure sector

4 Removing barriers related to legal financial

and administrative for facilitating access to

land finance and technology

5 Forging strong partnership between private

public and cooperative sectors to enhance the

capacity of the construction industry to

participate in every sphere of housing and

habitat

6 Using technology for modernizing the

housing sector to increase efficiency

productivity energy efficiency and quality

7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions

and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for

adding to the housing stock

THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including

formulation of effective

foreclosure laws

bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of

resources to the

housing and infrastructure sector

bull Develop a debt market for housing and

infrastructure fully integrated

with the financial markets in the country

bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the

requirement of low cost funds

for the housing needs of the poor

bull Promote research and development and transfer of

technology for

construction of houses

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available

resources to promote development and growth in a

sustained manner

bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing

infrastructure innovative and energy saving

construction materials and methods and also set up

a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the

concessions are correctly targeted and utilized

bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological

standards to protect the environment and provide a

better quality of life in human settlements

bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage

market

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD

1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a

boost to housing and supporting infrastructure

2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in

undertaking housing construction for all segments in

urban and rural areas

3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to

land

4 Facilitate training of construction workers by

converging other development programs through

building centers and other agencies

5 Promote decentralized production and availability of

building material

6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their

responsibilities in regulatory and development

functions

THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare

District Housing Action Plans for rural areas

2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and

augment supply of land for housing particularly

for the vulnerable group

3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural

infrastructure services

4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for

planned development

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE

COMPANIES WOULD

1 Redefine their role and move away from their

traditional approach to housing finance

2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the

needs of people

3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to

those who are in dire need of housing finance

support

4 Mobilize resources from provident funds

insurance funds mutual funds etc For house

building activities

5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize

domestic savings

HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS

DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND

OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role

for facilitating land assembly and development of

infrastructure

2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and

cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient

manner

3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement

THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND

CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD

1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of

houses and development of amenities

2 Forge partnership with state governments and local

authorities for construction of houses

3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out

schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization

basis

RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

ORGANIZATIONS WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw

materials

2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace

them with renewable resources

3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by

various public and private construction agencies

4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and

construction methods

5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the

housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste

based energy

6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new

constructions as well as strengthening of existing

houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and

human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes

cyclones and floods

7 Disseminate (spread) information about new

technologies and provide training to construction

workers in the use of new technologies

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

84

Role of PPP in Affordable Housing

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

85

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

86

JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance

No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million

No of Houses under Progress 0265 million

Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores

(BSUP+IHSDP)

997

achieved

Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of

Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline

Target of 27 cities

27 cities

achieved

Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of

developed land for EWSLIG Timeline

Target of 16 cities

16 cities

achieved

The JNNURM Initiative

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

87

i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP

ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath

iii Vector-free housing layout

iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces

v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and

vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness

Inclusive Planning amp Architecture

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

88

Recommendations

bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100

ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households

ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs

ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment

ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure

ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by

ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and

conversion of agricultural lands for urban use

ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for

making a proper assessment of land

requirements and allocation of such lands for

different uses

ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

89

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

90

Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

91

Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels

Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

92

SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66

References

Inferences

Books

Internet

Case Studies

Library references

bullNational Building Codes

bullGreen Households Domestic consumers

environment and sustainability

bullSustainable design practice

bullModern architecture

bullGaia House Design

bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy

Charles chorea and Raj

Reval

bullIntach library

Net references

bullWikipediacom

bullGooglecoin

bullDDA website

bullWHO living

standards

Case studies

bullResidences in old

Delhi

bullOther

contemporary

houses in

surrounding

houses

References

Page 68: Dessertation ii sem [autosaved]

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68

NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69

SPACE RELATIONSHIP

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71

Approach for investigating

affordable housing

Knowledge about future

house

Knowledge about present

house

Knowledge about Family

Payment Method

Preferred Area

PreferredLocation

Affordability

TypologicalPreferences

SpacePreferences

Location winNeighborhood

AdvantagesDis

Home TypeOwnershipStatus

Location

NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces

Degree ofSatisfaction

Income level

No of Family Members

EducationalLevel

(husbandwife)

Work Sector

No of Cars

Domestic Labor

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

72

AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

10

10

30

50

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

73

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

74

Conclusion

While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are

increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as

televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While

we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an

auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living

in a slum-like dwelling

It is understandable that economic

growth leads to rise in income but this

has led to even faster rise in property

prices leaving it unaffordable for majority

of population Affordable housing is

expected to have a positive by improving

basic quality of life Problems like traffic

congestion air quality commute times

etc can be resolved by providing proper

housing facilities to the weaker sections

of the society While the concept of

affordable housing seems to be a simple

solution to current housing woes its

execution remains complicated due to the

unclear policy framework To make

affordable housing work in India it would

require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by

slightly adjusting their interests towards a

wider social cause

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

75

Land use planning and

development

The project of the poor

Development standards

Land supply

Land value

Land affordability

Subdivision

Land market

Allocation

Demand

Intervention rationale

Neo liberalism

Site and Service

Subdivision

Land policy

Efficiency and equity

Land management

Direct intervention world

bank

Learning by doing

Site and service

subdivision

Poverty alleviation

Suitability and

acceptability

Affordability standards

subdivision

Intervention usually takes three broad categories

bull planning regulations

bull direct government investments and

bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation

Land management improvements

Example Land Readjustment

direct public investment

Example land banking

Example Site-and-Service

OBJECTIVES

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at

1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on

rental or ownership basis

2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter

options especially to the vulnerable groups

and the poor

3 Ensuring that housing along with the

supporting services is treated as a priority and

at par with infrastructure sector

4 Removing barriers related to legal financial

and administrative for facilitating access to

land finance and technology

5 Forging strong partnership between private

public and cooperative sectors to enhance the

capacity of the construction industry to

participate in every sphere of housing and

habitat

6 Using technology for modernizing the

housing sector to increase efficiency

productivity energy efficiency and quality

7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions

and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for

adding to the housing stock

THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including

formulation of effective

foreclosure laws

bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of

resources to the

housing and infrastructure sector

bull Develop a debt market for housing and

infrastructure fully integrated

with the financial markets in the country

bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the

requirement of low cost funds

for the housing needs of the poor

bull Promote research and development and transfer of

technology for

construction of houses

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available

resources to promote development and growth in a

sustained manner

bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing

infrastructure innovative and energy saving

construction materials and methods and also set up

a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the

concessions are correctly targeted and utilized

bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological

standards to protect the environment and provide a

better quality of life in human settlements

bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage

market

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD

1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a

boost to housing and supporting infrastructure

2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in

undertaking housing construction for all segments in

urban and rural areas

3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to

land

4 Facilitate training of construction workers by

converging other development programs through

building centers and other agencies

5 Promote decentralized production and availability of

building material

6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their

responsibilities in regulatory and development

functions

THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare

District Housing Action Plans for rural areas

2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and

augment supply of land for housing particularly

for the vulnerable group

3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural

infrastructure services

4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for

planned development

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE

COMPANIES WOULD

1 Redefine their role and move away from their

traditional approach to housing finance

2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the

needs of people

3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to

those who are in dire need of housing finance

support

4 Mobilize resources from provident funds

insurance funds mutual funds etc For house

building activities

5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize

domestic savings

HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS

DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND

OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role

for facilitating land assembly and development of

infrastructure

2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and

cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient

manner

3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement

THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND

CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD

1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of

houses and development of amenities

2 Forge partnership with state governments and local

authorities for construction of houses

3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out

schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization

basis

RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

ORGANIZATIONS WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw

materials

2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace

them with renewable resources

3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by

various public and private construction agencies

4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and

construction methods

5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the

housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste

based energy

6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new

constructions as well as strengthening of existing

houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and

human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes

cyclones and floods

7 Disseminate (spread) information about new

technologies and provide training to construction

workers in the use of new technologies

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

84

Role of PPP in Affordable Housing

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

85

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

86

JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance

No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million

No of Houses under Progress 0265 million

Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores

(BSUP+IHSDP)

997

achieved

Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of

Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline

Target of 27 cities

27 cities

achieved

Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of

developed land for EWSLIG Timeline

Target of 16 cities

16 cities

achieved

The JNNURM Initiative

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

87

i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP

ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath

iii Vector-free housing layout

iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces

v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and

vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness

Inclusive Planning amp Architecture

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

88

Recommendations

bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100

ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households

ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs

ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment

ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure

ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by

ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and

conversion of agricultural lands for urban use

ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for

making a proper assessment of land

requirements and allocation of such lands for

different uses

ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

89

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

90

Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

91

Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels

Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

92

SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66

References

Inferences

Books

Internet

Case Studies

Library references

bullNational Building Codes

bullGreen Households Domestic consumers

environment and sustainability

bullSustainable design practice

bullModern architecture

bullGaia House Design

bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy

Charles chorea and Raj

Reval

bullIntach library

Net references

bullWikipediacom

bullGooglecoin

bullDDA website

bullWHO living

standards

Case studies

bullResidences in old

Delhi

bullOther

contemporary

houses in

surrounding

houses

References

Page 69: Dessertation ii sem [autosaved]

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69

SPACE RELATIONSHIP

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71

Approach for investigating

affordable housing

Knowledge about future

house

Knowledge about present

house

Knowledge about Family

Payment Method

Preferred Area

PreferredLocation

Affordability

TypologicalPreferences

SpacePreferences

Location winNeighborhood

AdvantagesDis

Home TypeOwnershipStatus

Location

NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces

Degree ofSatisfaction

Income level

No of Family Members

EducationalLevel

(husbandwife)

Work Sector

No of Cars

Domestic Labor

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

72

AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

10

10

30

50

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

73

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

74

Conclusion

While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are

increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as

televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While

we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an

auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living

in a slum-like dwelling

It is understandable that economic

growth leads to rise in income but this

has led to even faster rise in property

prices leaving it unaffordable for majority

of population Affordable housing is

expected to have a positive by improving

basic quality of life Problems like traffic

congestion air quality commute times

etc can be resolved by providing proper

housing facilities to the weaker sections

of the society While the concept of

affordable housing seems to be a simple

solution to current housing woes its

execution remains complicated due to the

unclear policy framework To make

affordable housing work in India it would

require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by

slightly adjusting their interests towards a

wider social cause

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

75

Land use planning and

development

The project of the poor

Development standards

Land supply

Land value

Land affordability

Subdivision

Land market

Allocation

Demand

Intervention rationale

Neo liberalism

Site and Service

Subdivision

Land policy

Efficiency and equity

Land management

Direct intervention world

bank

Learning by doing

Site and service

subdivision

Poverty alleviation

Suitability and

acceptability

Affordability standards

subdivision

Intervention usually takes three broad categories

bull planning regulations

bull direct government investments and

bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation

Land management improvements

Example Land Readjustment

direct public investment

Example land banking

Example Site-and-Service

OBJECTIVES

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at

1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on

rental or ownership basis

2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter

options especially to the vulnerable groups

and the poor

3 Ensuring that housing along with the

supporting services is treated as a priority and

at par with infrastructure sector

4 Removing barriers related to legal financial

and administrative for facilitating access to

land finance and technology

5 Forging strong partnership between private

public and cooperative sectors to enhance the

capacity of the construction industry to

participate in every sphere of housing and

habitat

6 Using technology for modernizing the

housing sector to increase efficiency

productivity energy efficiency and quality

7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions

and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for

adding to the housing stock

THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including

formulation of effective

foreclosure laws

bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of

resources to the

housing and infrastructure sector

bull Develop a debt market for housing and

infrastructure fully integrated

with the financial markets in the country

bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the

requirement of low cost funds

for the housing needs of the poor

bull Promote research and development and transfer of

technology for

construction of houses

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available

resources to promote development and growth in a

sustained manner

bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing

infrastructure innovative and energy saving

construction materials and methods and also set up

a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the

concessions are correctly targeted and utilized

bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological

standards to protect the environment and provide a

better quality of life in human settlements

bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage

market

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD

1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a

boost to housing and supporting infrastructure

2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in

undertaking housing construction for all segments in

urban and rural areas

3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to

land

4 Facilitate training of construction workers by

converging other development programs through

building centers and other agencies

5 Promote decentralized production and availability of

building material

6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their

responsibilities in regulatory and development

functions

THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare

District Housing Action Plans for rural areas

2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and

augment supply of land for housing particularly

for the vulnerable group

3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural

infrastructure services

4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for

planned development

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE

COMPANIES WOULD

1 Redefine their role and move away from their

traditional approach to housing finance

2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the

needs of people

3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to

those who are in dire need of housing finance

support

4 Mobilize resources from provident funds

insurance funds mutual funds etc For house

building activities

5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize

domestic savings

HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS

DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND

OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role

for facilitating land assembly and development of

infrastructure

2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and

cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient

manner

3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement

THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND

CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD

1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of

houses and development of amenities

2 Forge partnership with state governments and local

authorities for construction of houses

3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out

schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization

basis

RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

ORGANIZATIONS WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw

materials

2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace

them with renewable resources

3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by

various public and private construction agencies

4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and

construction methods

5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the

housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste

based energy

6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new

constructions as well as strengthening of existing

houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and

human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes

cyclones and floods

7 Disseminate (spread) information about new

technologies and provide training to construction

workers in the use of new technologies

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

84

Role of PPP in Affordable Housing

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

85

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

86

JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance

No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million

No of Houses under Progress 0265 million

Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores

(BSUP+IHSDP)

997

achieved

Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of

Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline

Target of 27 cities

27 cities

achieved

Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of

developed land for EWSLIG Timeline

Target of 16 cities

16 cities

achieved

The JNNURM Initiative

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

87

i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP

ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath

iii Vector-free housing layout

iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces

v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and

vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness

Inclusive Planning amp Architecture

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

88

Recommendations

bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100

ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households

ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs

ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment

ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure

ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by

ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and

conversion of agricultural lands for urban use

ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for

making a proper assessment of land

requirements and allocation of such lands for

different uses

ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

89

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

90

Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

91

Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels

Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

92

SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66

References

Inferences

Books

Internet

Case Studies

Library references

bullNational Building Codes

bullGreen Households Domestic consumers

environment and sustainability

bullSustainable design practice

bullModern architecture

bullGaia House Design

bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy

Charles chorea and Raj

Reval

bullIntach library

Net references

bullWikipediacom

bullGooglecoin

bullDDA website

bullWHO living

standards

Case studies

bullResidences in old

Delhi

bullOther

contemporary

houses in

surrounding

houses

References

Page 70: Dessertation ii sem [autosaved]

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71

Approach for investigating

affordable housing

Knowledge about future

house

Knowledge about present

house

Knowledge about Family

Payment Method

Preferred Area

PreferredLocation

Affordability

TypologicalPreferences

SpacePreferences

Location winNeighborhood

AdvantagesDis

Home TypeOwnershipStatus

Location

NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces

Degree ofSatisfaction

Income level

No of Family Members

EducationalLevel

(husbandwife)

Work Sector

No of Cars

Domestic Labor

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

72

AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

10

10

30

50

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

73

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

74

Conclusion

While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are

increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as

televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While

we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an

auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living

in a slum-like dwelling

It is understandable that economic

growth leads to rise in income but this

has led to even faster rise in property

prices leaving it unaffordable for majority

of population Affordable housing is

expected to have a positive by improving

basic quality of life Problems like traffic

congestion air quality commute times

etc can be resolved by providing proper

housing facilities to the weaker sections

of the society While the concept of

affordable housing seems to be a simple

solution to current housing woes its

execution remains complicated due to the

unclear policy framework To make

affordable housing work in India it would

require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by

slightly adjusting their interests towards a

wider social cause

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

75

Land use planning and

development

The project of the poor

Development standards

Land supply

Land value

Land affordability

Subdivision

Land market

Allocation

Demand

Intervention rationale

Neo liberalism

Site and Service

Subdivision

Land policy

Efficiency and equity

Land management

Direct intervention world

bank

Learning by doing

Site and service

subdivision

Poverty alleviation

Suitability and

acceptability

Affordability standards

subdivision

Intervention usually takes three broad categories

bull planning regulations

bull direct government investments and

bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation

Land management improvements

Example Land Readjustment

direct public investment

Example land banking

Example Site-and-Service

OBJECTIVES

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at

1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on

rental or ownership basis

2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter

options especially to the vulnerable groups

and the poor

3 Ensuring that housing along with the

supporting services is treated as a priority and

at par with infrastructure sector

4 Removing barriers related to legal financial

and administrative for facilitating access to

land finance and technology

5 Forging strong partnership between private

public and cooperative sectors to enhance the

capacity of the construction industry to

participate in every sphere of housing and

habitat

6 Using technology for modernizing the

housing sector to increase efficiency

productivity energy efficiency and quality

7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions

and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for

adding to the housing stock

THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including

formulation of effective

foreclosure laws

bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of

resources to the

housing and infrastructure sector

bull Develop a debt market for housing and

infrastructure fully integrated

with the financial markets in the country

bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the

requirement of low cost funds

for the housing needs of the poor

bull Promote research and development and transfer of

technology for

construction of houses

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available

resources to promote development and growth in a

sustained manner

bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing

infrastructure innovative and energy saving

construction materials and methods and also set up

a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the

concessions are correctly targeted and utilized

bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological

standards to protect the environment and provide a

better quality of life in human settlements

bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage

market

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD

1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a

boost to housing and supporting infrastructure

2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in

undertaking housing construction for all segments in

urban and rural areas

3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to

land

4 Facilitate training of construction workers by

converging other development programs through

building centers and other agencies

5 Promote decentralized production and availability of

building material

6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their

responsibilities in regulatory and development

functions

THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare

District Housing Action Plans for rural areas

2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and

augment supply of land for housing particularly

for the vulnerable group

3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural

infrastructure services

4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for

planned development

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE

COMPANIES WOULD

1 Redefine their role and move away from their

traditional approach to housing finance

2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the

needs of people

3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to

those who are in dire need of housing finance

support

4 Mobilize resources from provident funds

insurance funds mutual funds etc For house

building activities

5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize

domestic savings

HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS

DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND

OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role

for facilitating land assembly and development of

infrastructure

2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and

cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient

manner

3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement

THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND

CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD

1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of

houses and development of amenities

2 Forge partnership with state governments and local

authorities for construction of houses

3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out

schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization

basis

RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

ORGANIZATIONS WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw

materials

2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace

them with renewable resources

3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by

various public and private construction agencies

4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and

construction methods

5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the

housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste

based energy

6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new

constructions as well as strengthening of existing

houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and

human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes

cyclones and floods

7 Disseminate (spread) information about new

technologies and provide training to construction

workers in the use of new technologies

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

84

Role of PPP in Affordable Housing

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

85

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

86

JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance

No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million

No of Houses under Progress 0265 million

Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores

(BSUP+IHSDP)

997

achieved

Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of

Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline

Target of 27 cities

27 cities

achieved

Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of

developed land for EWSLIG Timeline

Target of 16 cities

16 cities

achieved

The JNNURM Initiative

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

87

i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP

ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath

iii Vector-free housing layout

iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces

v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and

vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness

Inclusive Planning amp Architecture

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

88

Recommendations

bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100

ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households

ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs

ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment

ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure

ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by

ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and

conversion of agricultural lands for urban use

ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for

making a proper assessment of land

requirements and allocation of such lands for

different uses

ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

89

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

90

Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

91

Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels

Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

92

SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66

References

Inferences

Books

Internet

Case Studies

Library references

bullNational Building Codes

bullGreen Households Domestic consumers

environment and sustainability

bullSustainable design practice

bullModern architecture

bullGaia House Design

bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy

Charles chorea and Raj

Reval

bullIntach library

Net references

bullWikipediacom

bullGooglecoin

bullDDA website

bullWHO living

standards

Case studies

bullResidences in old

Delhi

bullOther

contemporary

houses in

surrounding

houses

References

Page 71: Dessertation ii sem [autosaved]

Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71

Approach for investigating

affordable housing

Knowledge about future

house

Knowledge about present

house

Knowledge about Family

Payment Method

Preferred Area

PreferredLocation

Affordability

TypologicalPreferences

SpacePreferences

Location winNeighborhood

AdvantagesDis

Home TypeOwnershipStatus

Location

NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces

Degree ofSatisfaction

Income level

No of Family Members

EducationalLevel

(husbandwife)

Work Sector

No of Cars

Domestic Labor

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

72

AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

10

10

30

50

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

73

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

74

Conclusion

While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are

increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as

televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While

we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an

auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living

in a slum-like dwelling

It is understandable that economic

growth leads to rise in income but this

has led to even faster rise in property

prices leaving it unaffordable for majority

of population Affordable housing is

expected to have a positive by improving

basic quality of life Problems like traffic

congestion air quality commute times

etc can be resolved by providing proper

housing facilities to the weaker sections

of the society While the concept of

affordable housing seems to be a simple

solution to current housing woes its

execution remains complicated due to the

unclear policy framework To make

affordable housing work in India it would

require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by

slightly adjusting their interests towards a

wider social cause

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

75

Land use planning and

development

The project of the poor

Development standards

Land supply

Land value

Land affordability

Subdivision

Land market

Allocation

Demand

Intervention rationale

Neo liberalism

Site and Service

Subdivision

Land policy

Efficiency and equity

Land management

Direct intervention world

bank

Learning by doing

Site and service

subdivision

Poverty alleviation

Suitability and

acceptability

Affordability standards

subdivision

Intervention usually takes three broad categories

bull planning regulations

bull direct government investments and

bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation

Land management improvements

Example Land Readjustment

direct public investment

Example land banking

Example Site-and-Service

OBJECTIVES

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at

1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on

rental or ownership basis

2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter

options especially to the vulnerable groups

and the poor

3 Ensuring that housing along with the

supporting services is treated as a priority and

at par with infrastructure sector

4 Removing barriers related to legal financial

and administrative for facilitating access to

land finance and technology

5 Forging strong partnership between private

public and cooperative sectors to enhance the

capacity of the construction industry to

participate in every sphere of housing and

habitat

6 Using technology for modernizing the

housing sector to increase efficiency

productivity energy efficiency and quality

7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions

and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for

adding to the housing stock

THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including

formulation of effective

foreclosure laws

bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of

resources to the

housing and infrastructure sector

bull Develop a debt market for housing and

infrastructure fully integrated

with the financial markets in the country

bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the

requirement of low cost funds

for the housing needs of the poor

bull Promote research and development and transfer of

technology for

construction of houses

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available

resources to promote development and growth in a

sustained manner

bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing

infrastructure innovative and energy saving

construction materials and methods and also set up

a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the

concessions are correctly targeted and utilized

bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological

standards to protect the environment and provide a

better quality of life in human settlements

bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage

market

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD

1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a

boost to housing and supporting infrastructure

2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in

undertaking housing construction for all segments in

urban and rural areas

3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to

land

4 Facilitate training of construction workers by

converging other development programs through

building centers and other agencies

5 Promote decentralized production and availability of

building material

6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their

responsibilities in regulatory and development

functions

THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare

District Housing Action Plans for rural areas

2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and

augment supply of land for housing particularly

for the vulnerable group

3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural

infrastructure services

4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for

planned development

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE

COMPANIES WOULD

1 Redefine their role and move away from their

traditional approach to housing finance

2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the

needs of people

3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to

those who are in dire need of housing finance

support

4 Mobilize resources from provident funds

insurance funds mutual funds etc For house

building activities

5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize

domestic savings

HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS

DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND

OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role

for facilitating land assembly and development of

infrastructure

2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and

cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient

manner

3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement

THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND

CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD

1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of

houses and development of amenities

2 Forge partnership with state governments and local

authorities for construction of houses

3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out

schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization

basis

RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

ORGANIZATIONS WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw

materials

2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace

them with renewable resources

3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by

various public and private construction agencies

4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and

construction methods

5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the

housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste

based energy

6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new

constructions as well as strengthening of existing

houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and

human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes

cyclones and floods

7 Disseminate (spread) information about new

technologies and provide training to construction

workers in the use of new technologies

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

84

Role of PPP in Affordable Housing

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

85

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

86

JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance

No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million

No of Houses under Progress 0265 million

Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores

(BSUP+IHSDP)

997

achieved

Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of

Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline

Target of 27 cities

27 cities

achieved

Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of

developed land for EWSLIG Timeline

Target of 16 cities

16 cities

achieved

The JNNURM Initiative

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

87

i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP

ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath

iii Vector-free housing layout

iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces

v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and

vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness

Inclusive Planning amp Architecture

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

88

Recommendations

bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100

ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households

ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs

ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment

ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure

ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by

ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and

conversion of agricultural lands for urban use

ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for

making a proper assessment of land

requirements and allocation of such lands for

different uses

ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

89

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

90

Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

91

Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels

Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

92

SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66

References

Inferences

Books

Internet

Case Studies

Library references

bullNational Building Codes

bullGreen Households Domestic consumers

environment and sustainability

bullSustainable design practice

bullModern architecture

bullGaia House Design

bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy

Charles chorea and Raj

Reval

bullIntach library

Net references

bullWikipediacom

bullGooglecoin

bullDDA website

bullWHO living

standards

Case studies

bullResidences in old

Delhi

bullOther

contemporary

houses in

surrounding

houses

References

Page 72: Dessertation ii sem [autosaved]

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

72

AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr10rarr70

FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80

CASE -2Category - MIG

FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG

E ()

GROUND

PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE

10rarr10rarr30rarr50

FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE

10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)

1010

10

70

10

10

30

50

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

73

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

74

Conclusion

While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are

increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as

televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While

we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an

auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living

in a slum-like dwelling

It is understandable that economic

growth leads to rise in income but this

has led to even faster rise in property

prices leaving it unaffordable for majority

of population Affordable housing is

expected to have a positive by improving

basic quality of life Problems like traffic

congestion air quality commute times

etc can be resolved by providing proper

housing facilities to the weaker sections

of the society While the concept of

affordable housing seems to be a simple

solution to current housing woes its

execution remains complicated due to the

unclear policy framework To make

affordable housing work in India it would

require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by

slightly adjusting their interests towards a

wider social cause

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

75

Land use planning and

development

The project of the poor

Development standards

Land supply

Land value

Land affordability

Subdivision

Land market

Allocation

Demand

Intervention rationale

Neo liberalism

Site and Service

Subdivision

Land policy

Efficiency and equity

Land management

Direct intervention world

bank

Learning by doing

Site and service

subdivision

Poverty alleviation

Suitability and

acceptability

Affordability standards

subdivision

Intervention usually takes three broad categories

bull planning regulations

bull direct government investments and

bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation

Land management improvements

Example Land Readjustment

direct public investment

Example land banking

Example Site-and-Service

OBJECTIVES

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at

1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on

rental or ownership basis

2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter

options especially to the vulnerable groups

and the poor

3 Ensuring that housing along with the

supporting services is treated as a priority and

at par with infrastructure sector

4 Removing barriers related to legal financial

and administrative for facilitating access to

land finance and technology

5 Forging strong partnership between private

public and cooperative sectors to enhance the

capacity of the construction industry to

participate in every sphere of housing and

habitat

6 Using technology for modernizing the

housing sector to increase efficiency

productivity energy efficiency and quality

7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions

and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for

adding to the housing stock

THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including

formulation of effective

foreclosure laws

bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of

resources to the

housing and infrastructure sector

bull Develop a debt market for housing and

infrastructure fully integrated

with the financial markets in the country

bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the

requirement of low cost funds

for the housing needs of the poor

bull Promote research and development and transfer of

technology for

construction of houses

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available

resources to promote development and growth in a

sustained manner

bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing

infrastructure innovative and energy saving

construction materials and methods and also set up

a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the

concessions are correctly targeted and utilized

bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological

standards to protect the environment and provide a

better quality of life in human settlements

bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage

market

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD

1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a

boost to housing and supporting infrastructure

2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in

undertaking housing construction for all segments in

urban and rural areas

3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to

land

4 Facilitate training of construction workers by

converging other development programs through

building centers and other agencies

5 Promote decentralized production and availability of

building material

6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their

responsibilities in regulatory and development

functions

THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare

District Housing Action Plans for rural areas

2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and

augment supply of land for housing particularly

for the vulnerable group

3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural

infrastructure services

4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for

planned development

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE

COMPANIES WOULD

1 Redefine their role and move away from their

traditional approach to housing finance

2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the

needs of people

3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to

those who are in dire need of housing finance

support

4 Mobilize resources from provident funds

insurance funds mutual funds etc For house

building activities

5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize

domestic savings

HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS

DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND

OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role

for facilitating land assembly and development of

infrastructure

2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and

cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient

manner

3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement

THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND

CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD

1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of

houses and development of amenities

2 Forge partnership with state governments and local

authorities for construction of houses

3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out

schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization

basis

RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

ORGANIZATIONS WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw

materials

2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace

them with renewable resources

3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by

various public and private construction agencies

4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and

construction methods

5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the

housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste

based energy

6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new

constructions as well as strengthening of existing

houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and

human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes

cyclones and floods

7 Disseminate (spread) information about new

technologies and provide training to construction

workers in the use of new technologies

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

84

Role of PPP in Affordable Housing

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

85

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

86

JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance

No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million

No of Houses under Progress 0265 million

Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores

(BSUP+IHSDP)

997

achieved

Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of

Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline

Target of 27 cities

27 cities

achieved

Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of

developed land for EWSLIG Timeline

Target of 16 cities

16 cities

achieved

The JNNURM Initiative

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

87

i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP

ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath

iii Vector-free housing layout

iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces

v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and

vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness

Inclusive Planning amp Architecture

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

88

Recommendations

bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100

ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households

ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs

ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment

ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure

ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by

ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and

conversion of agricultural lands for urban use

ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for

making a proper assessment of land

requirements and allocation of such lands for

different uses

ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

89

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

90

Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

91

Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels

Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

92

SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66

References

Inferences

Books

Internet

Case Studies

Library references

bullNational Building Codes

bullGreen Households Domestic consumers

environment and sustainability

bullSustainable design practice

bullModern architecture

bullGaia House Design

bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy

Charles chorea and Raj

Reval

bullIntach library

Net references

bullWikipediacom

bullGooglecoin

bullDDA website

bullWHO living

standards

Case studies

bullResidences in old

Delhi

bullOther

contemporary

houses in

surrounding

houses

References

Page 73: Dessertation ii sem [autosaved]

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

73

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

74

Conclusion

While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are

increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as

televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While

we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an

auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living

in a slum-like dwelling

It is understandable that economic

growth leads to rise in income but this

has led to even faster rise in property

prices leaving it unaffordable for majority

of population Affordable housing is

expected to have a positive by improving

basic quality of life Problems like traffic

congestion air quality commute times

etc can be resolved by providing proper

housing facilities to the weaker sections

of the society While the concept of

affordable housing seems to be a simple

solution to current housing woes its

execution remains complicated due to the

unclear policy framework To make

affordable housing work in India it would

require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by

slightly adjusting their interests towards a

wider social cause

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

75

Land use planning and

development

The project of the poor

Development standards

Land supply

Land value

Land affordability

Subdivision

Land market

Allocation

Demand

Intervention rationale

Neo liberalism

Site and Service

Subdivision

Land policy

Efficiency and equity

Land management

Direct intervention world

bank

Learning by doing

Site and service

subdivision

Poverty alleviation

Suitability and

acceptability

Affordability standards

subdivision

Intervention usually takes three broad categories

bull planning regulations

bull direct government investments and

bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation

Land management improvements

Example Land Readjustment

direct public investment

Example land banking

Example Site-and-Service

OBJECTIVES

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at

1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on

rental or ownership basis

2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter

options especially to the vulnerable groups

and the poor

3 Ensuring that housing along with the

supporting services is treated as a priority and

at par with infrastructure sector

4 Removing barriers related to legal financial

and administrative for facilitating access to

land finance and technology

5 Forging strong partnership between private

public and cooperative sectors to enhance the

capacity of the construction industry to

participate in every sphere of housing and

habitat

6 Using technology for modernizing the

housing sector to increase efficiency

productivity energy efficiency and quality

7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions

and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for

adding to the housing stock

THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including

formulation of effective

foreclosure laws

bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of

resources to the

housing and infrastructure sector

bull Develop a debt market for housing and

infrastructure fully integrated

with the financial markets in the country

bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the

requirement of low cost funds

for the housing needs of the poor

bull Promote research and development and transfer of

technology for

construction of houses

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available

resources to promote development and growth in a

sustained manner

bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing

infrastructure innovative and energy saving

construction materials and methods and also set up

a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the

concessions are correctly targeted and utilized

bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological

standards to protect the environment and provide a

better quality of life in human settlements

bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage

market

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD

1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a

boost to housing and supporting infrastructure

2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in

undertaking housing construction for all segments in

urban and rural areas

3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to

land

4 Facilitate training of construction workers by

converging other development programs through

building centers and other agencies

5 Promote decentralized production and availability of

building material

6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their

responsibilities in regulatory and development

functions

THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare

District Housing Action Plans for rural areas

2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and

augment supply of land for housing particularly

for the vulnerable group

3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural

infrastructure services

4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for

planned development

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE

COMPANIES WOULD

1 Redefine their role and move away from their

traditional approach to housing finance

2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the

needs of people

3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to

those who are in dire need of housing finance

support

4 Mobilize resources from provident funds

insurance funds mutual funds etc For house

building activities

5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize

domestic savings

HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS

DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND

OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role

for facilitating land assembly and development of

infrastructure

2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and

cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient

manner

3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement

THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND

CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD

1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of

houses and development of amenities

2 Forge partnership with state governments and local

authorities for construction of houses

3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out

schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization

basis

RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

ORGANIZATIONS WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw

materials

2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace

them with renewable resources

3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by

various public and private construction agencies

4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and

construction methods

5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the

housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste

based energy

6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new

constructions as well as strengthening of existing

houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and

human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes

cyclones and floods

7 Disseminate (spread) information about new

technologies and provide training to construction

workers in the use of new technologies

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

84

Role of PPP in Affordable Housing

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

85

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

86

JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance

No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million

No of Houses under Progress 0265 million

Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores

(BSUP+IHSDP)

997

achieved

Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of

Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline

Target of 27 cities

27 cities

achieved

Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of

developed land for EWSLIG Timeline

Target of 16 cities

16 cities

achieved

The JNNURM Initiative

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

87

i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP

ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath

iii Vector-free housing layout

iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces

v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and

vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness

Inclusive Planning amp Architecture

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

88

Recommendations

bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100

ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households

ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs

ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment

ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure

ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by

ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and

conversion of agricultural lands for urban use

ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for

making a proper assessment of land

requirements and allocation of such lands for

different uses

ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

89

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

90

Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

91

Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels

Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

92

SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66

References

Inferences

Books

Internet

Case Studies

Library references

bullNational Building Codes

bullGreen Households Domestic consumers

environment and sustainability

bullSustainable design practice

bullModern architecture

bullGaia House Design

bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy

Charles chorea and Raj

Reval

bullIntach library

Net references

bullWikipediacom

bullGooglecoin

bullDDA website

bullWHO living

standards

Case studies

bullResidences in old

Delhi

bullOther

contemporary

houses in

surrounding

houses

References

Page 74: Dessertation ii sem [autosaved]

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

74

Conclusion

While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are

increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as

televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While

we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an

auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living

in a slum-like dwelling

It is understandable that economic

growth leads to rise in income but this

has led to even faster rise in property

prices leaving it unaffordable for majority

of population Affordable housing is

expected to have a positive by improving

basic quality of life Problems like traffic

congestion air quality commute times

etc can be resolved by providing proper

housing facilities to the weaker sections

of the society While the concept of

affordable housing seems to be a simple

solution to current housing woes its

execution remains complicated due to the

unclear policy framework To make

affordable housing work in India it would

require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by

slightly adjusting their interests towards a

wider social cause

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

75

Land use planning and

development

The project of the poor

Development standards

Land supply

Land value

Land affordability

Subdivision

Land market

Allocation

Demand

Intervention rationale

Neo liberalism

Site and Service

Subdivision

Land policy

Efficiency and equity

Land management

Direct intervention world

bank

Learning by doing

Site and service

subdivision

Poverty alleviation

Suitability and

acceptability

Affordability standards

subdivision

Intervention usually takes three broad categories

bull planning regulations

bull direct government investments and

bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation

Land management improvements

Example Land Readjustment

direct public investment

Example land banking

Example Site-and-Service

OBJECTIVES

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at

1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on

rental or ownership basis

2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter

options especially to the vulnerable groups

and the poor

3 Ensuring that housing along with the

supporting services is treated as a priority and

at par with infrastructure sector

4 Removing barriers related to legal financial

and administrative for facilitating access to

land finance and technology

5 Forging strong partnership between private

public and cooperative sectors to enhance the

capacity of the construction industry to

participate in every sphere of housing and

habitat

6 Using technology for modernizing the

housing sector to increase efficiency

productivity energy efficiency and quality

7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions

and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for

adding to the housing stock

THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including

formulation of effective

foreclosure laws

bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of

resources to the

housing and infrastructure sector

bull Develop a debt market for housing and

infrastructure fully integrated

with the financial markets in the country

bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the

requirement of low cost funds

for the housing needs of the poor

bull Promote research and development and transfer of

technology for

construction of houses

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available

resources to promote development and growth in a

sustained manner

bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing

infrastructure innovative and energy saving

construction materials and methods and also set up

a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the

concessions are correctly targeted and utilized

bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological

standards to protect the environment and provide a

better quality of life in human settlements

bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage

market

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD

1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a

boost to housing and supporting infrastructure

2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in

undertaking housing construction for all segments in

urban and rural areas

3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to

land

4 Facilitate training of construction workers by

converging other development programs through

building centers and other agencies

5 Promote decentralized production and availability of

building material

6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their

responsibilities in regulatory and development

functions

THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare

District Housing Action Plans for rural areas

2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and

augment supply of land for housing particularly

for the vulnerable group

3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural

infrastructure services

4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for

planned development

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE

COMPANIES WOULD

1 Redefine their role and move away from their

traditional approach to housing finance

2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the

needs of people

3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to

those who are in dire need of housing finance

support

4 Mobilize resources from provident funds

insurance funds mutual funds etc For house

building activities

5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize

domestic savings

HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS

DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND

OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role

for facilitating land assembly and development of

infrastructure

2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and

cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient

manner

3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement

THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND

CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD

1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of

houses and development of amenities

2 Forge partnership with state governments and local

authorities for construction of houses

3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out

schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization

basis

RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

ORGANIZATIONS WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw

materials

2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace

them with renewable resources

3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by

various public and private construction agencies

4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and

construction methods

5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the

housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste

based energy

6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new

constructions as well as strengthening of existing

houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and

human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes

cyclones and floods

7 Disseminate (spread) information about new

technologies and provide training to construction

workers in the use of new technologies

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

84

Role of PPP in Affordable Housing

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

85

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

86

JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance

No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million

No of Houses under Progress 0265 million

Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores

(BSUP+IHSDP)

997

achieved

Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of

Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline

Target of 27 cities

27 cities

achieved

Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of

developed land for EWSLIG Timeline

Target of 16 cities

16 cities

achieved

The JNNURM Initiative

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

87

i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP

ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath

iii Vector-free housing layout

iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces

v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and

vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness

Inclusive Planning amp Architecture

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

88

Recommendations

bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100

ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households

ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs

ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment

ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure

ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by

ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and

conversion of agricultural lands for urban use

ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for

making a proper assessment of land

requirements and allocation of such lands for

different uses

ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

89

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

90

Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

91

Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels

Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

92

SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66

References

Inferences

Books

Internet

Case Studies

Library references

bullNational Building Codes

bullGreen Households Domestic consumers

environment and sustainability

bullSustainable design practice

bullModern architecture

bullGaia House Design

bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy

Charles chorea and Raj

Reval

bullIntach library

Net references

bullWikipediacom

bullGooglecoin

bullDDA website

bullWHO living

standards

Case studies

bullResidences in old

Delhi

bullOther

contemporary

houses in

surrounding

houses

References

Page 75: Dessertation ii sem [autosaved]

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

75

Land use planning and

development

The project of the poor

Development standards

Land supply

Land value

Land affordability

Subdivision

Land market

Allocation

Demand

Intervention rationale

Neo liberalism

Site and Service

Subdivision

Land policy

Efficiency and equity

Land management

Direct intervention world

bank

Learning by doing

Site and service

subdivision

Poverty alleviation

Suitability and

acceptability

Affordability standards

subdivision

Intervention usually takes three broad categories

bull planning regulations

bull direct government investments and

bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation

Land management improvements

Example Land Readjustment

direct public investment

Example land banking

Example Site-and-Service

OBJECTIVES

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at

1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on

rental or ownership basis

2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter

options especially to the vulnerable groups

and the poor

3 Ensuring that housing along with the

supporting services is treated as a priority and

at par with infrastructure sector

4 Removing barriers related to legal financial

and administrative for facilitating access to

land finance and technology

5 Forging strong partnership between private

public and cooperative sectors to enhance the

capacity of the construction industry to

participate in every sphere of housing and

habitat

6 Using technology for modernizing the

housing sector to increase efficiency

productivity energy efficiency and quality

7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions

and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for

adding to the housing stock

THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including

formulation of effective

foreclosure laws

bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of

resources to the

housing and infrastructure sector

bull Develop a debt market for housing and

infrastructure fully integrated

with the financial markets in the country

bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the

requirement of low cost funds

for the housing needs of the poor

bull Promote research and development and transfer of

technology for

construction of houses

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available

resources to promote development and growth in a

sustained manner

bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing

infrastructure innovative and energy saving

construction materials and methods and also set up

a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the

concessions are correctly targeted and utilized

bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological

standards to protect the environment and provide a

better quality of life in human settlements

bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage

market

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD

1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a

boost to housing and supporting infrastructure

2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in

undertaking housing construction for all segments in

urban and rural areas

3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to

land

4 Facilitate training of construction workers by

converging other development programs through

building centers and other agencies

5 Promote decentralized production and availability of

building material

6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their

responsibilities in regulatory and development

functions

THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare

District Housing Action Plans for rural areas

2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and

augment supply of land for housing particularly

for the vulnerable group

3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural

infrastructure services

4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for

planned development

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE

COMPANIES WOULD

1 Redefine their role and move away from their

traditional approach to housing finance

2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the

needs of people

3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to

those who are in dire need of housing finance

support

4 Mobilize resources from provident funds

insurance funds mutual funds etc For house

building activities

5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize

domestic savings

HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS

DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND

OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role

for facilitating land assembly and development of

infrastructure

2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and

cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient

manner

3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement

THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND

CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD

1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of

houses and development of amenities

2 Forge partnership with state governments and local

authorities for construction of houses

3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out

schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization

basis

RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

ORGANIZATIONS WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw

materials

2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace

them with renewable resources

3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by

various public and private construction agencies

4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and

construction methods

5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the

housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste

based energy

6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new

constructions as well as strengthening of existing

houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and

human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes

cyclones and floods

7 Disseminate (spread) information about new

technologies and provide training to construction

workers in the use of new technologies

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

84

Role of PPP in Affordable Housing

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

85

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

86

JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance

No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million

No of Houses under Progress 0265 million

Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores

(BSUP+IHSDP)

997

achieved

Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of

Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline

Target of 27 cities

27 cities

achieved

Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of

developed land for EWSLIG Timeline

Target of 16 cities

16 cities

achieved

The JNNURM Initiative

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

87

i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP

ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath

iii Vector-free housing layout

iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces

v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and

vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness

Inclusive Planning amp Architecture

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

88

Recommendations

bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100

ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households

ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs

ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment

ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure

ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by

ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and

conversion of agricultural lands for urban use

ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for

making a proper assessment of land

requirements and allocation of such lands for

different uses

ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

89

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

90

Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

91

Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels

Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

92

SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66

References

Inferences

Books

Internet

Case Studies

Library references

bullNational Building Codes

bullGreen Households Domestic consumers

environment and sustainability

bullSustainable design practice

bullModern architecture

bullGaia House Design

bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy

Charles chorea and Raj

Reval

bullIntach library

Net references

bullWikipediacom

bullGooglecoin

bullDDA website

bullWHO living

standards

Case studies

bullResidences in old

Delhi

bullOther

contemporary

houses in

surrounding

houses

References

Page 76: Dessertation ii sem [autosaved]

OBJECTIVES

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at

1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on

rental or ownership basis

2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter

options especially to the vulnerable groups

and the poor

3 Ensuring that housing along with the

supporting services is treated as a priority and

at par with infrastructure sector

4 Removing barriers related to legal financial

and administrative for facilitating access to

land finance and technology

5 Forging strong partnership between private

public and cooperative sectors to enhance the

capacity of the construction industry to

participate in every sphere of housing and

habitat

6 Using technology for modernizing the

housing sector to increase efficiency

productivity energy efficiency and quality

7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions

and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for

adding to the housing stock

THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including

formulation of effective

foreclosure laws

bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of

resources to the

housing and infrastructure sector

bull Develop a debt market for housing and

infrastructure fully integrated

with the financial markets in the country

bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the

requirement of low cost funds

for the housing needs of the poor

bull Promote research and development and transfer of

technology for

construction of houses

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available

resources to promote development and growth in a

sustained manner

bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing

infrastructure innovative and energy saving

construction materials and methods and also set up

a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the

concessions are correctly targeted and utilized

bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological

standards to protect the environment and provide a

better quality of life in human settlements

bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage

market

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD

1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a

boost to housing and supporting infrastructure

2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in

undertaking housing construction for all segments in

urban and rural areas

3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to

land

4 Facilitate training of construction workers by

converging other development programs through

building centers and other agencies

5 Promote decentralized production and availability of

building material

6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their

responsibilities in regulatory and development

functions

THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare

District Housing Action Plans for rural areas

2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and

augment supply of land for housing particularly

for the vulnerable group

3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural

infrastructure services

4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for

planned development

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE

COMPANIES WOULD

1 Redefine their role and move away from their

traditional approach to housing finance

2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the

needs of people

3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to

those who are in dire need of housing finance

support

4 Mobilize resources from provident funds

insurance funds mutual funds etc For house

building activities

5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize

domestic savings

HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS

DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND

OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role

for facilitating land assembly and development of

infrastructure

2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and

cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient

manner

3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement

THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND

CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD

1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of

houses and development of amenities

2 Forge partnership with state governments and local

authorities for construction of houses

3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out

schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization

basis

RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

ORGANIZATIONS WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw

materials

2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace

them with renewable resources

3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by

various public and private construction agencies

4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and

construction methods

5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the

housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste

based energy

6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new

constructions as well as strengthening of existing

houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and

human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes

cyclones and floods

7 Disseminate (spread) information about new

technologies and provide training to construction

workers in the use of new technologies

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

84

Role of PPP in Affordable Housing

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

85

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

86

JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance

No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million

No of Houses under Progress 0265 million

Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores

(BSUP+IHSDP)

997

achieved

Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of

Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline

Target of 27 cities

27 cities

achieved

Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of

developed land for EWSLIG Timeline

Target of 16 cities

16 cities

achieved

The JNNURM Initiative

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

87

i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP

ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath

iii Vector-free housing layout

iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces

v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and

vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness

Inclusive Planning amp Architecture

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

88

Recommendations

bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100

ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households

ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs

ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment

ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure

ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by

ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and

conversion of agricultural lands for urban use

ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for

making a proper assessment of land

requirements and allocation of such lands for

different uses

ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

89

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

90

Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

91

Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels

Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

92

SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66

References

Inferences

Books

Internet

Case Studies

Library references

bullNational Building Codes

bullGreen Households Domestic consumers

environment and sustainability

bullSustainable design practice

bullModern architecture

bullGaia House Design

bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy

Charles chorea and Raj

Reval

bullIntach library

Net references

bullWikipediacom

bullGooglecoin

bullDDA website

bullWHO living

standards

Case studies

bullResidences in old

Delhi

bullOther

contemporary

houses in

surrounding

houses

References

Page 77: Dessertation ii sem [autosaved]

THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including

formulation of effective

foreclosure laws

bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of

resources to the

housing and infrastructure sector

bull Develop a debt market for housing and

infrastructure fully integrated

with the financial markets in the country

bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the

requirement of low cost funds

for the housing needs of the poor

bull Promote research and development and transfer of

technology for

construction of houses

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available

resources to promote development and growth in a

sustained manner

bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing

infrastructure innovative and energy saving

construction materials and methods and also set up

a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the

concessions are correctly targeted and utilized

bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological

standards to protect the environment and provide a

better quality of life in human settlements

bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage

market

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD

1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a

boost to housing and supporting infrastructure

2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in

undertaking housing construction for all segments in

urban and rural areas

3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to

land

4 Facilitate training of construction workers by

converging other development programs through

building centers and other agencies

5 Promote decentralized production and availability of

building material

6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their

responsibilities in regulatory and development

functions

THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare

District Housing Action Plans for rural areas

2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and

augment supply of land for housing particularly

for the vulnerable group

3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural

infrastructure services

4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for

planned development

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE

COMPANIES WOULD

1 Redefine their role and move away from their

traditional approach to housing finance

2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the

needs of people

3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to

those who are in dire need of housing finance

support

4 Mobilize resources from provident funds

insurance funds mutual funds etc For house

building activities

5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize

domestic savings

HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS

DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND

OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role

for facilitating land assembly and development of

infrastructure

2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and

cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient

manner

3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement

THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND

CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD

1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of

houses and development of amenities

2 Forge partnership with state governments and local

authorities for construction of houses

3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out

schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization

basis

RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

ORGANIZATIONS WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw

materials

2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace

them with renewable resources

3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by

various public and private construction agencies

4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and

construction methods

5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the

housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste

based energy

6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new

constructions as well as strengthening of existing

houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and

human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes

cyclones and floods

7 Disseminate (spread) information about new

technologies and provide training to construction

workers in the use of new technologies

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

84

Role of PPP in Affordable Housing

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

85

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

86

JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance

No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million

No of Houses under Progress 0265 million

Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores

(BSUP+IHSDP)

997

achieved

Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of

Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline

Target of 27 cities

27 cities

achieved

Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of

developed land for EWSLIG Timeline

Target of 16 cities

16 cities

achieved

The JNNURM Initiative

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

87

i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP

ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath

iii Vector-free housing layout

iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces

v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and

vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness

Inclusive Planning amp Architecture

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

88

Recommendations

bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100

ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households

ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs

ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment

ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure

ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by

ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and

conversion of agricultural lands for urban use

ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for

making a proper assessment of land

requirements and allocation of such lands for

different uses

ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

89

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

90

Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

91

Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels

Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

92

SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66

References

Inferences

Books

Internet

Case Studies

Library references

bullNational Building Codes

bullGreen Households Domestic consumers

environment and sustainability

bullSustainable design practice

bullModern architecture

bullGaia House Design

bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy

Charles chorea and Raj

Reval

bullIntach library

Net references

bullWikipediacom

bullGooglecoin

bullDDA website

bullWHO living

standards

Case studies

bullResidences in old

Delhi

bullOther

contemporary

houses in

surrounding

houses

References

Page 78: Dessertation ii sem [autosaved]

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available

resources to promote development and growth in a

sustained manner

bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing

infrastructure innovative and energy saving

construction materials and methods and also set up

a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the

concessions are correctly targeted and utilized

bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological

standards to protect the environment and provide a

better quality of life in human settlements

bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage

market

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD

1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a

boost to housing and supporting infrastructure

2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in

undertaking housing construction for all segments in

urban and rural areas

3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to

land

4 Facilitate training of construction workers by

converging other development programs through

building centers and other agencies

5 Promote decentralized production and availability of

building material

6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their

responsibilities in regulatory and development

functions

THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare

District Housing Action Plans for rural areas

2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and

augment supply of land for housing particularly

for the vulnerable group

3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural

infrastructure services

4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for

planned development

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE

COMPANIES WOULD

1 Redefine their role and move away from their

traditional approach to housing finance

2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the

needs of people

3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to

those who are in dire need of housing finance

support

4 Mobilize resources from provident funds

insurance funds mutual funds etc For house

building activities

5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize

domestic savings

HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS

DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND

OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role

for facilitating land assembly and development of

infrastructure

2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and

cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient

manner

3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement

THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND

CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD

1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of

houses and development of amenities

2 Forge partnership with state governments and local

authorities for construction of houses

3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out

schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization

basis

RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

ORGANIZATIONS WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw

materials

2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace

them with renewable resources

3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by

various public and private construction agencies

4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and

construction methods

5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the

housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste

based energy

6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new

constructions as well as strengthening of existing

houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and

human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes

cyclones and floods

7 Disseminate (spread) information about new

technologies and provide training to construction

workers in the use of new technologies

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

84

Role of PPP in Affordable Housing

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

85

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

86

JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance

No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million

No of Houses under Progress 0265 million

Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores

(BSUP+IHSDP)

997

achieved

Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of

Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline

Target of 27 cities

27 cities

achieved

Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of

developed land for EWSLIG Timeline

Target of 16 cities

16 cities

achieved

The JNNURM Initiative

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

87

i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP

ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath

iii Vector-free housing layout

iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces

v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and

vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness

Inclusive Planning amp Architecture

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

88

Recommendations

bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100

ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households

ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs

ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment

ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure

ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by

ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and

conversion of agricultural lands for urban use

ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for

making a proper assessment of land

requirements and allocation of such lands for

different uses

ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

89

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

90

Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

91

Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels

Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

92

SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66

References

Inferences

Books

Internet

Case Studies

Library references

bullNational Building Codes

bullGreen Households Domestic consumers

environment and sustainability

bullSustainable design practice

bullModern architecture

bullGaia House Design

bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy

Charles chorea and Raj

Reval

bullIntach library

Net references

bullWikipediacom

bullGooglecoin

bullDDA website

bullWHO living

standards

Case studies

bullResidences in old

Delhi

bullOther

contemporary

houses in

surrounding

houses

References

Page 79: Dessertation ii sem [autosaved]

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD

1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a

boost to housing and supporting infrastructure

2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in

undertaking housing construction for all segments in

urban and rural areas

3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to

land

4 Facilitate training of construction workers by

converging other development programs through

building centers and other agencies

5 Promote decentralized production and availability of

building material

6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their

responsibilities in regulatory and development

functions

THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare

District Housing Action Plans for rural areas

2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and

augment supply of land for housing particularly

for the vulnerable group

3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural

infrastructure services

4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for

planned development

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE

COMPANIES WOULD

1 Redefine their role and move away from their

traditional approach to housing finance

2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the

needs of people

3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to

those who are in dire need of housing finance

support

4 Mobilize resources from provident funds

insurance funds mutual funds etc For house

building activities

5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize

domestic savings

HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS

DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND

OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role

for facilitating land assembly and development of

infrastructure

2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and

cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient

manner

3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement

THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND

CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD

1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of

houses and development of amenities

2 Forge partnership with state governments and local

authorities for construction of houses

3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out

schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization

basis

RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

ORGANIZATIONS WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw

materials

2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace

them with renewable resources

3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by

various public and private construction agencies

4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and

construction methods

5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the

housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste

based energy

6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new

constructions as well as strengthening of existing

houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and

human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes

cyclones and floods

7 Disseminate (spread) information about new

technologies and provide training to construction

workers in the use of new technologies

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

84

Role of PPP in Affordable Housing

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

85

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

86

JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance

No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million

No of Houses under Progress 0265 million

Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores

(BSUP+IHSDP)

997

achieved

Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of

Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline

Target of 27 cities

27 cities

achieved

Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of

developed land for EWSLIG Timeline

Target of 16 cities

16 cities

achieved

The JNNURM Initiative

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

87

i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP

ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath

iii Vector-free housing layout

iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces

v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and

vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness

Inclusive Planning amp Architecture

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

88

Recommendations

bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100

ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households

ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs

ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment

ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure

ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by

ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and

conversion of agricultural lands for urban use

ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for

making a proper assessment of land

requirements and allocation of such lands for

different uses

ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

89

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

90

Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

91

Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels

Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

92

SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66

References

Inferences

Books

Internet

Case Studies

Library references

bullNational Building Codes

bullGreen Households Domestic consumers

environment and sustainability

bullSustainable design practice

bullModern architecture

bullGaia House Design

bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy

Charles chorea and Raj

Reval

bullIntach library

Net references

bullWikipediacom

bullGooglecoin

bullDDA website

bullWHO living

standards

Case studies

bullResidences in old

Delhi

bullOther

contemporary

houses in

surrounding

houses

References

Page 80: Dessertation ii sem [autosaved]

THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare

District Housing Action Plans for rural areas

2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and

augment supply of land for housing particularly

for the vulnerable group

3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural

infrastructure services

4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for

planned development

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE

COMPANIES WOULD

1 Redefine their role and move away from their

traditional approach to housing finance

2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the

needs of people

3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to

those who are in dire need of housing finance

support

4 Mobilize resources from provident funds

insurance funds mutual funds etc For house

building activities

5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize

domestic savings

HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS

DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND

OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role

for facilitating land assembly and development of

infrastructure

2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and

cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient

manner

3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement

THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND

CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD

1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of

houses and development of amenities

2 Forge partnership with state governments and local

authorities for construction of houses

3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out

schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization

basis

RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

ORGANIZATIONS WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw

materials

2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace

them with renewable resources

3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by

various public and private construction agencies

4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and

construction methods

5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the

housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste

based energy

6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new

constructions as well as strengthening of existing

houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and

human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes

cyclones and floods

7 Disseminate (spread) information about new

technologies and provide training to construction

workers in the use of new technologies

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

84

Role of PPP in Affordable Housing

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

85

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

86

JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance

No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million

No of Houses under Progress 0265 million

Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores

(BSUP+IHSDP)

997

achieved

Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of

Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline

Target of 27 cities

27 cities

achieved

Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of

developed land for EWSLIG Timeline

Target of 16 cities

16 cities

achieved

The JNNURM Initiative

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

87

i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP

ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath

iii Vector-free housing layout

iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces

v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and

vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness

Inclusive Planning amp Architecture

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

88

Recommendations

bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100

ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households

ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs

ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment

ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure

ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by

ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and

conversion of agricultural lands for urban use

ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for

making a proper assessment of land

requirements and allocation of such lands for

different uses

ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

89

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

90

Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

91

Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels

Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

92

SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66

References

Inferences

Books

Internet

Case Studies

Library references

bullNational Building Codes

bullGreen Households Domestic consumers

environment and sustainability

bullSustainable design practice

bullModern architecture

bullGaia House Design

bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy

Charles chorea and Raj

Reval

bullIntach library

Net references

bullWikipediacom

bullGooglecoin

bullDDA website

bullWHO living

standards

Case studies

bullResidences in old

Delhi

bullOther

contemporary

houses in

surrounding

houses

References

Page 81: Dessertation ii sem [autosaved]

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE

COMPANIES WOULD

1 Redefine their role and move away from their

traditional approach to housing finance

2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the

needs of people

3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to

those who are in dire need of housing finance

support

4 Mobilize resources from provident funds

insurance funds mutual funds etc For house

building activities

5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize

domestic savings

HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS

DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND

OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role

for facilitating land assembly and development of

infrastructure

2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and

cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient

manner

3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement

THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND

CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD

1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of

houses and development of amenities

2 Forge partnership with state governments and local

authorities for construction of houses

3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out

schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization

basis

RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

ORGANIZATIONS WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw

materials

2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace

them with renewable resources

3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by

various public and private construction agencies

4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and

construction methods

5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the

housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste

based energy

6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new

constructions as well as strengthening of existing

houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and

human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes

cyclones and floods

7 Disseminate (spread) information about new

technologies and provide training to construction

workers in the use of new technologies

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

84

Role of PPP in Affordable Housing

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

85

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

86

JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance

No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million

No of Houses under Progress 0265 million

Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores

(BSUP+IHSDP)

997

achieved

Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of

Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline

Target of 27 cities

27 cities

achieved

Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of

developed land for EWSLIG Timeline

Target of 16 cities

16 cities

achieved

The JNNURM Initiative

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

87

i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP

ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath

iii Vector-free housing layout

iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces

v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and

vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness

Inclusive Planning amp Architecture

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

88

Recommendations

bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100

ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households

ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs

ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment

ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure

ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by

ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and

conversion of agricultural lands for urban use

ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for

making a proper assessment of land

requirements and allocation of such lands for

different uses

ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

89

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

90

Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

91

Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels

Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

92

SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66

References

Inferences

Books

Internet

Case Studies

Library references

bullNational Building Codes

bullGreen Households Domestic consumers

environment and sustainability

bullSustainable design practice

bullModern architecture

bullGaia House Design

bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy

Charles chorea and Raj

Reval

bullIntach library

Net references

bullWikipediacom

bullGooglecoin

bullDDA website

bullWHO living

standards

Case studies

bullResidences in old

Delhi

bullOther

contemporary

houses in

surrounding

houses

References

Page 82: Dessertation ii sem [autosaved]

HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS

DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND

OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role

for facilitating land assembly and development of

infrastructure

2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and

cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient

manner

3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement

THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND

CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD

1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of

houses and development of amenities

2 Forge partnership with state governments and local

authorities for construction of houses

3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out

schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization

basis

RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

ORGANIZATIONS WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw

materials

2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace

them with renewable resources

3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by

various public and private construction agencies

4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and

construction methods

5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the

housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste

based energy

6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new

constructions as well as strengthening of existing

houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and

human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes

cyclones and floods

7 Disseminate (spread) information about new

technologies and provide training to construction

workers in the use of new technologies

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

84

Role of PPP in Affordable Housing

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

85

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

86

JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance

No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million

No of Houses under Progress 0265 million

Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores

(BSUP+IHSDP)

997

achieved

Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of

Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline

Target of 27 cities

27 cities

achieved

Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of

developed land for EWSLIG Timeline

Target of 16 cities

16 cities

achieved

The JNNURM Initiative

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

87

i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP

ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath

iii Vector-free housing layout

iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces

v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and

vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness

Inclusive Planning amp Architecture

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

88

Recommendations

bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100

ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households

ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs

ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment

ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure

ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by

ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and

conversion of agricultural lands for urban use

ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for

making a proper assessment of land

requirements and allocation of such lands for

different uses

ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

89

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

90

Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

91

Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels

Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

92

SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66

References

Inferences

Books

Internet

Case Studies

Library references

bullNational Building Codes

bullGreen Households Domestic consumers

environment and sustainability

bullSustainable design practice

bullModern architecture

bullGaia House Design

bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy

Charles chorea and Raj

Reval

bullIntach library

Net references

bullWikipediacom

bullGooglecoin

bullDDA website

bullWHO living

standards

Case studies

bullResidences in old

Delhi

bullOther

contemporary

houses in

surrounding

houses

References

Page 83: Dessertation ii sem [autosaved]

RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

ORGANIZATIONS WOULD

NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT

POLICIES 2005

1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw

materials

2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace

them with renewable resources

3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by

various public and private construction agencies

4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and

construction methods

5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the

housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste

based energy

6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new

constructions as well as strengthening of existing

houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and

human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes

cyclones and floods

7 Disseminate (spread) information about new

technologies and provide training to construction

workers in the use of new technologies

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

84

Role of PPP in Affordable Housing

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

85

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

86

JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance

No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million

No of Houses under Progress 0265 million

Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores

(BSUP+IHSDP)

997

achieved

Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of

Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline

Target of 27 cities

27 cities

achieved

Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of

developed land for EWSLIG Timeline

Target of 16 cities

16 cities

achieved

The JNNURM Initiative

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

87

i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP

ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath

iii Vector-free housing layout

iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces

v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and

vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness

Inclusive Planning amp Architecture

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

88

Recommendations

bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100

ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households

ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs

ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment

ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure

ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by

ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and

conversion of agricultural lands for urban use

ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for

making a proper assessment of land

requirements and allocation of such lands for

different uses

ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

89

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

90

Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

91

Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels

Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

92

SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66

References

Inferences

Books

Internet

Case Studies

Library references

bullNational Building Codes

bullGreen Households Domestic consumers

environment and sustainability

bullSustainable design practice

bullModern architecture

bullGaia House Design

bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy

Charles chorea and Raj

Reval

bullIntach library

Net references

bullWikipediacom

bullGooglecoin

bullDDA website

bullWHO living

standards

Case studies

bullResidences in old

Delhi

bullOther

contemporary

houses in

surrounding

houses

References

Page 84: Dessertation ii sem [autosaved]

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

84

Role of PPP in Affordable Housing

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

85

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

86

JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance

No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million

No of Houses under Progress 0265 million

Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores

(BSUP+IHSDP)

997

achieved

Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of

Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline

Target of 27 cities

27 cities

achieved

Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of

developed land for EWSLIG Timeline

Target of 16 cities

16 cities

achieved

The JNNURM Initiative

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

87

i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP

ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath

iii Vector-free housing layout

iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces

v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and

vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness

Inclusive Planning amp Architecture

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

88

Recommendations

bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100

ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households

ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs

ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment

ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure

ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by

ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and

conversion of agricultural lands for urban use

ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for

making a proper assessment of land

requirements and allocation of such lands for

different uses

ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

89

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

90

Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

91

Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels

Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

92

SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66

References

Inferences

Books

Internet

Case Studies

Library references

bullNational Building Codes

bullGreen Households Domestic consumers

environment and sustainability

bullSustainable design practice

bullModern architecture

bullGaia House Design

bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy

Charles chorea and Raj

Reval

bullIntach library

Net references

bullWikipediacom

bullGooglecoin

bullDDA website

bullWHO living

standards

Case studies

bullResidences in old

Delhi

bullOther

contemporary

houses in

surrounding

houses

References

Page 85: Dessertation ii sem [autosaved]

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

85

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

86

JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance

No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million

No of Houses under Progress 0265 million

Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores

(BSUP+IHSDP)

997

achieved

Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of

Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline

Target of 27 cities

27 cities

achieved

Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of

developed land for EWSLIG Timeline

Target of 16 cities

16 cities

achieved

The JNNURM Initiative

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

87

i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP

ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath

iii Vector-free housing layout

iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces

v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and

vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness

Inclusive Planning amp Architecture

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

88

Recommendations

bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100

ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households

ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs

ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment

ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure

ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by

ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and

conversion of agricultural lands for urban use

ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for

making a proper assessment of land

requirements and allocation of such lands for

different uses

ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

89

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

90

Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

91

Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels

Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

92

SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66

References

Inferences

Books

Internet

Case Studies

Library references

bullNational Building Codes

bullGreen Households Domestic consumers

environment and sustainability

bullSustainable design practice

bullModern architecture

bullGaia House Design

bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy

Charles chorea and Raj

Reval

bullIntach library

Net references

bullWikipediacom

bullGooglecoin

bullDDA website

bullWHO living

standards

Case studies

bullResidences in old

Delhi

bullOther

contemporary

houses in

surrounding

houses

References

Page 86: Dessertation ii sem [autosaved]

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

86

JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance

No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million

No of Houses under Progress 0265 million

Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores

(BSUP+IHSDP)

997

achieved

Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of

Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline

Target of 27 cities

27 cities

achieved

Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of

developed land for EWSLIG Timeline

Target of 16 cities

16 cities

achieved

The JNNURM Initiative

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

87

i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP

ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath

iii Vector-free housing layout

iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces

v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and

vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness

Inclusive Planning amp Architecture

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

88

Recommendations

bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100

ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households

ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs

ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment

ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure

ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by

ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and

conversion of agricultural lands for urban use

ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for

making a proper assessment of land

requirements and allocation of such lands for

different uses

ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

89

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

90

Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

91

Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels

Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

92

SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66

References

Inferences

Books

Internet

Case Studies

Library references

bullNational Building Codes

bullGreen Households Domestic consumers

environment and sustainability

bullSustainable design practice

bullModern architecture

bullGaia House Design

bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy

Charles chorea and Raj

Reval

bullIntach library

Net references

bullWikipediacom

bullGooglecoin

bullDDA website

bullWHO living

standards

Case studies

bullResidences in old

Delhi

bullOther

contemporary

houses in

surrounding

houses

References

Page 87: Dessertation ii sem [autosaved]

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

87

i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP

ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath

iii Vector-free housing layout

iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces

v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and

vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness

Inclusive Planning amp Architecture

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

88

Recommendations

bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100

ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households

ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs

ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment

ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure

ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by

ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and

conversion of agricultural lands for urban use

ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for

making a proper assessment of land

requirements and allocation of such lands for

different uses

ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

89

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

90

Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

91

Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels

Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

92

SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66

References

Inferences

Books

Internet

Case Studies

Library references

bullNational Building Codes

bullGreen Households Domestic consumers

environment and sustainability

bullSustainable design practice

bullModern architecture

bullGaia House Design

bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy

Charles chorea and Raj

Reval

bullIntach library

Net references

bullWikipediacom

bullGooglecoin

bullDDA website

bullWHO living

standards

Case studies

bullResidences in old

Delhi

bullOther

contemporary

houses in

surrounding

houses

References

Page 88: Dessertation ii sem [autosaved]

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

88

Recommendations

bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100

ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households

ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs

ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment

ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure

ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by

ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and

conversion of agricultural lands for urban use

ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for

making a proper assessment of land

requirements and allocation of such lands for

different uses

ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

89

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

90

Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

91

Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels

Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

92

SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66

References

Inferences

Books

Internet

Case Studies

Library references

bullNational Building Codes

bullGreen Households Domestic consumers

environment and sustainability

bullSustainable design practice

bullModern architecture

bullGaia House Design

bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy

Charles chorea and Raj

Reval

bullIntach library

Net references

bullWikipediacom

bullGooglecoin

bullDDA website

bullWHO living

standards

Case studies

bullResidences in old

Delhi

bullOther

contemporary

houses in

surrounding

houses

References

Page 89: Dessertation ii sem [autosaved]

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

89

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

90

Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

91

Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels

Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

92

SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66

References

Inferences

Books

Internet

Case Studies

Library references

bullNational Building Codes

bullGreen Households Domestic consumers

environment and sustainability

bullSustainable design practice

bullModern architecture

bullGaia House Design

bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy

Charles chorea and Raj

Reval

bullIntach library

Net references

bullWikipediacom

bullGooglecoin

bullDDA website

bullWHO living

standards

Case studies

bullResidences in old

Delhi

bullOther

contemporary

houses in

surrounding

houses

References

Page 90: Dessertation ii sem [autosaved]

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

90

Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

91

Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels

Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

92

SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66

References

Inferences

Books

Internet

Case Studies

Library references

bullNational Building Codes

bullGreen Households Domestic consumers

environment and sustainability

bullSustainable design practice

bullModern architecture

bullGaia House Design

bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy

Charles chorea and Raj

Reval

bullIntach library

Net references

bullWikipediacom

bullGooglecoin

bullDDA website

bullWHO living

standards

Case studies

bullResidences in old

Delhi

bullOther

contemporary

houses in

surrounding

houses

References

Page 91: Dessertation ii sem [autosaved]

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

91

Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels

Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

92

SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66

References

Inferences

Books

Internet

Case Studies

Library references

bullNational Building Codes

bullGreen Households Domestic consumers

environment and sustainability

bullSustainable design practice

bullModern architecture

bullGaia House Design

bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy

Charles chorea and Raj

Reval

bullIntach library

Net references

bullWikipediacom

bullGooglecoin

bullDDA website

bullWHO living

standards

Case studies

bullResidences in old

Delhi

bullOther

contemporary

houses in

surrounding

houses

References

Page 92: Dessertation ii sem [autosaved]

Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS

Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma

92

SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66

References

Inferences

Books

Internet

Case Studies

Library references

bullNational Building Codes

bullGreen Households Domestic consumers

environment and sustainability

bullSustainable design practice

bullModern architecture

bullGaia House Design

bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy

Charles chorea and Raj

Reval

bullIntach library

Net references

bullWikipediacom

bullGooglecoin

bullDDA website

bullWHO living

standards

Case studies

bullResidences in old

Delhi

bullOther

contemporary

houses in

surrounding

houses

References

Page 93: Dessertation ii sem [autosaved]

SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66

References

Inferences

Books

Internet

Case Studies

Library references

bullNational Building Codes

bullGreen Households Domestic consumers

environment and sustainability

bullSustainable design practice

bullModern architecture

bullGaia House Design

bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy

Charles chorea and Raj

Reval

bullIntach library

Net references

bullWikipediacom

bullGooglecoin

bullDDA website

bullWHO living

standards

Case studies

bullResidences in old

Delhi

bullOther

contemporary

houses in

surrounding

houses

References