THE ROLE OF ONLINE 3D PLATFORMS IN OPEN INNOVATION WITH

CUSTOMERSProf. Thierry Rayna

Dr Ludmila Striukova Prof. John Darlington

DDMC 2014

Prof. Thierry Rayna

Professor of Economics at ESG Management School (Paris)

Affiliate Professor at Imperial College London

Associate Editor of Int. J. of Manufacturing Technology and Management

email: trayna@esg.fr

Twitter: @ThierryRayna

Open Innovation

Inbound or ‘outside-in’

Outbound or ‘inside-out’

‘Coupled’ = inbound + outbound

Co-Creation

Consumer-related part of Open Innovation

Can take place at all stages of production process

Can involve individuals or communities

Can be autonomous or sponsored

Open Innovation with consumers requires Co-Creation but not all Co-Creation is Open Innovation

Open Innovation, Co-creation & Mass-customisation

Open Innovation

Mass-customisation

Co-creation

© Thierry Rayna 2014. Some rights reserved.Except where otherwise noted, this worked is licensed underhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

From Consumers to ProsumersDesign

Manufacturing

Distribution

Minor Significant Leading

Min

orSi

gnifi

cant

Lead

ing

Minor

Significa

nt

Leading

‘Traditional’Production DIY

‘Factory’Outlet

Bespoke Clothing

Codesigned Home 3D Printed

Home 3D Printed

© Thierry Rayna 2014. Some rights reserved.Except where otherwise noted, this worked is licensed underhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Typology of Co-creationDifferentiated

Integrated

MassCustom

Crowdfunding

Crowdsourcing

User Manufacturing

Crowd-customisation

Co-design platforms Open SourceIN

PUT

OUTPUT

© Thierry Rayna 2014. Some rights reserved.Except where otherwise noted, this worked is licensed underhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

A Study of Online 3D Printing platforms

Original study (2013): 14 platforms

New study (2014): 22 platforms

3D Printing platforms and co-creation

Design

Designsupply

Design hosting

Customisation

Co-creation

Crowd-sourcing

Manufacturing

Printing Home printing

Crowd-sourcing

Crowd

User

designs

designsdesigns

objects objects

Input

Manufactured objects

Designs

Service

Activity

© Thierry Rayna 2014. Some rights reserved.Except where otherwise noted, this worked is licensed underhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Taxonomy of Online 3D Printing PlatformsTable 5: Categorising online 3D printing platforms.

Design Manufacturing

Platform Host

ing

(sale

s)

Host

ing

(rep

osi

tory

)

Des

ign

supply

Co-d

esig

nse

rvic

e

Des

ign

crow

dso

urc

ing

Des

ign

cust

omis

atio

n

Pri

nti

ng

serv

ice

Pri

nte

rsa

les

Physi

calst

ore

Pri

nti

ng

crow

dso

urc

ing

1○

3Dagogo + +3D Burrito +3DLT + (+)CubifyCloud + + + + +i.Materialise + + + + +Ponoko + +Sculpteo + + + +Shapeways + + +Trinckle + + +

2○

3DPrintUK +Materialise Onsite +3DCreation Lab + +FastProtos + +iMakr + + + +Makerbot/Thingiverse + + + + +The 3D Printer Experience + + +White Clouds + + + +

3○ 3D Hubs +MakeXYZ +

4○ Additer + +Kraftwurx + +

Maker6 + + + +

1○ Design marketplaces 2○ Printing services3○ Printing marketplaces 4○ Crowdsourcing platforms

sonal 3D printer or using a 3D printing service) or have them printed directlyby the marketplace (six of the nine design marketplaces also operate a printingservice).

The second main category of platforms relates to 3D printing services. Themain purpose of these platforms is to print on demand 3D objects supplied byusers. The resulting objects are then either shipped directly to customers orcould be picked up from the store (for the four platforms that also have ‘brick-and-mortar’ stores). Out of the eight platforms that fall in this category, onlytwo (3DPrintUK and Materialise Onsite) o↵er a ‘pure’ printing service, as theremaining six o↵er complementary services, such as co-design, design repository(Thingiverse) and design supply (White Clouds). Two of these platforms (iMakrand Makerbot) also sell personal 3D printers.

The third group in Table 5 consists of platforms that operate a printingmarketplace service. 3D Hubs and MakeXYZ act as intermediaries betweenindividuals or firms that own a 3D printer and users who want to manufacture

15

Design marketplace

Printing service

Printing marketplaceCrowdsourcing platform

© Thierry Rayna 2014. Some rights reserved.Except where otherwise noted, this worked is licensed underhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Print shop

Printing marketplace

Design

marketplace

Printin

g service

Design crowdsourcing

3D HubsMakeXYZ

3DPrintUK

Materialise

-Onsite

3DLT

Cubify

Ponoko

Sculpteo

3Dag

ogo

3DCreationLabFastProtos

iMakrMakerbot3DPrint.Exp.

WhiteCloud

Shapeways

i.Mate

rialis

e

Trinckle

Maker6

Printing crowdsourcing

3DBurrito

AdditerKraftwürx

Design service

© Thierry Rayna 2014. Some rights reserved.Except where otherwise noted, this worked is licensed underhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Differentiated

Integrated

MassCustom

Online 3D Printing Platforms and Co-creation

Printing marketplaces3DHubs

MakeXYZ

Printing services

3DPrintUKMakerBot

3DCreationLab

FastProtos

iMakr

3DPrinterExp.

White Cloud

Ponoko3D Burrito

3DLT3Dagogo

Cubify

Sculpteo

i.Materialize

MaterialiseOnSite

Shapeways

Trinckle

Design marketplaces

Crowdsourcing platforms(Kra#würx, Additer)

© Thierry Rayna 2014. Some rights reserved.Except where otherwise noted, this worked is licensed underhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Conclusion

Online 3D Printing Platforms enable to cover most aspects of Open Innovation with Customers

Still weaker on the ‘integrated’ side

Need to develop interfaces enabling collaboration

Special Issue: “3D Printing: The Next Industrial Revolution”

Eds Prof. I. Petrick (Penn State), Prof. T. Rayna (ESGMS), Dr L. Striukova (UCL)

Int. J. of Manufacturing Technology and Management

Deadline extended until May 31

Questions? trayna@esg.fr

@ThierryRayna