Traditional Concepts of Accountability

Executive

Citizens

Civil Service/ Public Sector

Legislature

Oversight Institutions

Vertical

Horizontal

V

ert

ical

Newer Concepts of Accountability

Executive

Citizens

Civil Service/ Public Sector

Legislature

Oversight Institutions

Dia

gona

l

Social

Legislature’s Accountability Tools

Executive

Citizens

Civil Service/ Public Sector

Legislature

Oversight Institutions

RecallElectoral Commissions

Ministerial Accountability/ Question Period

Public Hearings

Informal/ Formal Contact with a Commissions

Question Period

Budget Oversight

Public Petitions