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11/18/2013
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Current and Emerging Trends in the Private Security Industry: The need for Continuing Education and Training of
the Security Professional
Carter F. Smith, JD, PhD
[email protected] 615-656-3505
http://www.linkedin.com/in/carterfsmith http://apsu.academia.edu/CarterSmith/Papers
What trends are important
to you? 2
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Overview • History
• Challenges
• Perceptions
• Professionalization
• Education (or not)
• Future
History • Through WW II, private security seen as
unsavory, ill-trained thugs hired to break strikes, suppress labor, and spy on one another.
• Police viewed private security companies as dangerous and unauthorized intrusion into government role.
• Following WW II, more tolerant attitude developed
–private security more often seen as necessary supplement to overburdened public police.
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History • Late 1960s -- early 1970s - security burden
was shifted (back) to private sector.
• Public law-enforcement grew 42 percent.
• Security Guard employment grew 6 percent.
• Investigative employment grew 19 percent.
• Contract security almost doubled.
• Population grew only 12 percent.
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(recent) History • Mid 1970s, crime rates rose.
– Before end of 1976 1 of 4 Americans was victim
• Americans were paying more for private security services than federal, state, and local governments paid for criminal justice system.
• Security field has received increased attention in the past decade or so since the events 9 / 11
• Some Communities have recently received attention for augmenting their public security with private
– necessary supplement to overburdened public police . . .
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It’s important for you because
• Private security has long eclipsed public security (police) as the primary resource for individual and property protection, with over 1 million people employed –Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2012
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Challenges • Entry-level security professionals
–Receive lower pay
–Required to have only high school diploma
• As field increases, so will ranks of supervisors.
–pay commensurate with their experience and education
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Challenges
•What do you see?
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Perceptions • Respondents were students in
three offerings of an upper-division course in criminal justice entitled Security Administration at a large, public university in southeast U.S.
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Perceptions • Non-CJ majors and CJ minors agreed more strongly
than CJ majors that
– course increased respect for security field
– course was more interesting than others
• Female participants agreed more strongly than males that respect for security field increased.
• Participants with no prior interest in CJ agreed more that knowledge of private security had increased.
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Perceptions If you have not considered working
in the security field . . . Why? • When I heard the
word security, I always thought of a mall cop.
• I would like to work as a Lawyer instead.
• I already have a job in Law Enforcement lined up.
• My goal has been Federal Law Enforcement.
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Perceptions • Security officers aren’t as powerful as police officers.
• I want to have more control, action and responsibility.
• I wouldn’t be opposed to it in some business aspect such as management or marketing.
• My career goal was always on the more pro-active side of law enforcement.
• I always thought that security guards had to be buff guys who are able to be complete assholes to people.
• I don’t know if I am physically fit enough to respond necessarily to a situation.
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Perceptions • Security officers aren’t as powerful as police officers.
• I want to have more control, action and responsibility.
• I wouldn’t be opposed to it in some business aspect such as management or marketing.
• My career goal was always on the more pro-active side of law enforcement.
• I always thought that security guards had to be buff guys who are able to be complete assholes to people.
• I don’t know if I am physically fit enough to respond necessarily to a situation.
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It’s important for you because
• Respondents may be your future clients, colleagues, or competitors.
• Responses may be indicative of community perceptions.
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Professionalization • Skills flow from body of theory.
• Common body of knowledge, freely communicated.
• Unique service based on learned techniques.
• Extensive training, minimum qualifications, licensing certification.
• Code of ethics guiding client relations and contact with others.
• Emphasis on service to mankind rather than individual gain.
• A professional organization which establishes policy, regulates actions, and exercises responsibility.
• Requires advanced training, mental rather than manual work.
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Professionalization - four criteria:
• Qualification - establish, promote, and enforce unambiguous qualification criteria.
• Academic studies -- achieve widespread academic acceptance and promotion of advanced security-related studies.
• Business skills -- managers must develop business-related skills so they can earn respect within the corporation.
• Corporate Recognition -- managers must be able to get security's message across to develop an understanding and appreciation of security in executive boardrooms.
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Professionalization • Public's perception is what matters
–attitude of society as a whole
–general opinion of corporate leadership.
• Consumers decide when security has become a profession.
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It’s important for you because
• Determination of professionalism based on experience with professionals.
• Criteria set clear guidelines, but gauge is public and client perception.
• Knowing how to be perceived as professional is only part of it.
• Critical that all members of the profession contribute to advancement and regard in community.
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Education 13 identified security knowledge categories
in academic security realm, including: • Criminology
• Business contingency management
• Facility management
• Fire and life safety
• Industrial security
• Information and computer security
• Investigations
• Physical security
• Security Principles
• Security risk management
• Security law
• Security management
• Security technology
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Education (acceptance) • Progress achieving widespread academic acceptance
due to involvement by professional organizations.
• ASIS International collaborates with faculty and security directors to identify security education needs.
• CJ departments have added security courses
– many schools have their own security departments
• Yet to be corresponding substantive response from business schools to incorporate security curriculum.
– Similarity to public security and law enforcement allows for its incorporation into most criminal justice programs if not its own department.
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Education 2012 security concerns of Fortune 1000 companies
1. Cyber and Communications Security
2. Workplace Violence
3. Business Continuity Planning
4. Employee Selection/Screening
5. Property Crime moved
6. General Employee Theft
7. Crisis Management and Response
8. Unethical Business Conduct
9. Litigation
10. Identity Theft
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It’s important for you because
• Changes in focus to higher-tech workplace and advanced criminal methods require innovation and critical thinking skills.
• Higher education is necessity for advancement with security technology and leadership demands on today’s security professionals.
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Future • increased threat from social media,
especially social engineering
• more challenges with background checks to weed out problems
• increased need for education
• training sessions on professionalism for younger/newer hires
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Future • even more going mobile, challenges both
physical and digital
• tech and networked devices plus crowd-sourced attacks -- physical and digital
• security for hire? a-la-carte security services? free-lance security solutions?
• decreased government spending in criminal justice sector
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Future • Crisis and Emergency Management.
–from forces of nature or human action or inaction.
–increasingly responsibility of security professional
–requires coordination with different set of agencies and providers
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Recommendations
• Implement guerilla, all-hands marketing strategy
• Engage in CJ and other curriculum development
• Offer to visit courses and events
• Offer internships
• Sponsor academic competitions
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References
• Smith, C.F. and Choo, T. (2013). Revisiting Security Administration in the classroom: A decade later. Security Journal. (25 March 2013; doi: 10.1057/sj.2013.7).
• Smith, C.F. et al. Security Today. (textbook – forthcoming)
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Current and Emerging Trends in the Private Security Industry: The need for Continuing Education and Training of
the Security Professional
Carter F. Smith, JD, PhD
[email protected] 615-656-3505
http://www.linkedin.com/in/carterfsmith http://apsu.academia.edu/CarterSmith/Papers
