Power System Control Centers: Future Trends

(Revised 1-16-06)

Chen-Ching LiuIowa State University

* F. F. Wu, K. Moslehi and A. Bose, “Power System Control Centers: Past, Present and Future,” Proceedings of the IEEE, Nov. 2005, pp. 1890-1908.

Evolution of Control Centers More computer applications after 1965

Northeast blackout Security applications in 1970s State estimation and security analysis

capabilities are common today Early computer are specialized real time

processors with back up

Evolution (Conti) PCs become more popular for control

centers in 1980s “Deregulation” waves in 1990s led to

formation of ISOs Further efforts to establish RTOs Electricity markets formed around the

world in 1990s and 2000s.

Control Centers in a Market Environment

ISO/RTO CC

GenCo CC LSE CCs MarketParticipants

Internet

Different Roles ISO / RTO Generation companies Load serving entities Control centers at different levels play

different roles

SCADA / AGC Load frequency control Load forecasting RTU Communication

Network Applications

Applications Topology processor State estimation Contingency analysis Voltage stability Power flow

Data Warehouse Operational Real time Historical

Market Applications Bilateral transactions management Security constrained economic dispatch Security constrained unit commitment Locational Marginal Price Load forecast Outage management Compliance monitoring

Market Infrastructure Bidding and schedule management Market information publishing

Commercial Systems Settlements Billing and credit Metering systems

Architecture Local area network with PCs or

workstations Control center to RTU links SCADA and EMS applications Market participants communicate

through Internet

Present EMS and BMS Interactions in Control Centers

Market Participants

Business Management System

Energy Management System

Energy Offers Prices, Quantities

Contracts, Schedules Operating Constraints

Generations, Transmission, Load

Changing Environment Decentralization Integration Flexibility Openness

Decentralization

Market participants play a role in economic and reliability decisions

Coordination among ISOs Coordination among ISO / RTO and

market participants Data and controls become distributed

Integration

Enterprise architecture incorporating Control center System planning Distribution management systems,

power plant control Business processes

Flexibility Market participants change over time Market structures also evolve Modular design allows modules to be

added, deleted or modified

Openness Dependence on specific vendors is not

desirable Portable software to run on various

hardware and software platforms

Enabling Technologies Communications protocols Distributed systems Object technology Component technology Middleware Agent technology

Distributed Control Center Separation of SCADA, EMS and BMS IP-Based distributed SCADA Standard CIM based distributed data

processing Middleware based distributed EMS and

BMS applications

Grid Computing and Grid Service

Clustering of a wide variety of distributed resources to be used as a unified resource

Seamless global aggregation of of resources

Grid service is a convergence of grid computing and web services

Future Control Centers Ultra-fast data acquisition system Greatly expanded applications A partner grid of enterprise grids Dynamic sharing of computational resources of all

intelligent devices Use of service oriented architecture Distributed data acquisition and processing services Distributed control center applications Use of grid services architecture

Future Applications Market surveillance and contract

compliance Phasor measurement units (PMUs) On-line dynamic security Visualization Self-healing power grids