Comb Seminar Pres

U.S. Census BureauForeign Trade Division

Understanding Foreign Trade Data

June 18, 2008

U.S. Census Bureau

Overview of Imports and Exports

Carol Aristone

Commodity Analysis Branch

[email protected]

3

What do the statistics measure?

The physical movement of goods between:• United States, Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands• Foreign countries.

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Coverage

Movement of goods into & out of:

• U.S. Customs Territory• U.S. Virgin Islands• Bonded Warehouses• Foreign Trade Zones (FTZs)

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Coverage

• Goods not included:• U.S. trade with U.S. territories

• Trade between U.S. territories

• Trade between foreign countries and U.S. territories (other than PR and VI)

• In transit merchandise through the U.S.

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What’s not Covered in Statistics? • Monetary gold & silver • U.S. government to U. S. government • Imports of articles repaired under warranty• Intangibles • Personal and household effects• Low valued transactions

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The Harmonized System (HS)

Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the U.S. Annotated for Statistical Reporting Purposes (HTSUSA)

Statistical Classification of Domestic and Foreign Commodities Exported from the U.S. (Schedule B)

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The HS System17,000+ HTSUSA & 8,000+ Schedule B codes

• Periodically revised

• Structure:• 2 digit Chapter

• 4 digit Heading

• 6 digit sub heading

• 8 digit legal

• 10 digit statistical

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The HS System

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What is the difference?Export codes (Schedule B) are maintained by the U.S.

Census Bureau.

Import codes are administered by the U.S. International Trade Commission (USITC).

Import Codes CAN be used to classify Exports, but Exports codes CAN NOT be used to classify goods for import (Imports has a lot more detail!!)

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Changes to the HTSUSA & Schedule B

Changes occur three different ways:

• WCO changes affect the HS (4 or 6 digit) level

• Legislation – affects the legal (8-digit) level

• Imports only

• 484(f) committee – affects the statistical (10-digit) level

Exports

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Related vs. Non-related

Statistics cover the physical movement of goods, regardless of if item is sold

When a U.S. manufacturer exports merchandise to their company in France or to a non-related purchaser in Russia, both are counted as trade

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Valuation

F.A.S. Export Value (free alongside ship)• Value of export at port based on transaction

price, including inland freight, insurance other charges incurred (before loaded)

• Excludes international freight, cost of loading merchandise and any other charges/costs beyond port of export

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Leases

If merchandise exported for <12 months • Non-statistical

Consignment - Temp. lease with option to buy• Statistical• Examples: artwork or aircraft

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Repairs – Exports Exporting items for repair

• Report Ch. 1-97 HS number of item• Non-statistical• AES export information code TR

(temporary export for repair)

Exporting items repaired in U.S. • Report HS 9801 and value of repair• Statistical

Imports

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Foreign Trade Zones – Imports• Duties not required until goods

withdrawn for consumption

• Importer has choice to pay at the rate of the original foreign materials or the finished product

• Can result in $3,000 new car

• No duty if re-exported to foreign country

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Bonded Warehouses – Imports

Duty payment deferred

No duty if re-exported to foreign countries

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General vs. Consumption

General Imports – measures flow of goods across U.S. border

• Imports for direct consumption

• Bonded warehouse entries and FTZ admissions

• Most widely used measure of imports

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General vs. Consumption (cont.)

Imports for Consumption – goods cleared through Customs

• Imports for direct consumption

• Bonded warehouse and FTZ withdrawals

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Valuation

Customs Value• Generally, price actually paid excluding:

• Duties• Freight • Insurance and other charges

• Relationship b/w parties should not influence value

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Valuation (cont.)

CIF (cost, insurance, freight)

• CIF = Customs Value + Import Charges

• Excludes U.S. import duties

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Valuation (cont.)

Dutiable Value• Customs value of foreign goods subject to

duty• Where merchandise is a combination of

U.S. and foreign goods, duty is applied only to the foreign value added

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Valuation (cont.)

To determine the dutiable value of a combination of U.S. and foreign goods:

• Example: 9802 provision• U.S. value is included in statistics

Value is total of domestic + foreign values

• U.S. Goods indicators show that a portion of the import is domestic materials

• Publication IM146A

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Valuation (cont.)

Duty• Collected by CBP• Reported on the Automated Commercial

System (ACS)• FTD generally uses duty as reported on

ACS

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Country Sub-Codes (CSC)

Indicates a special program allowing for free or reduced duty

• Examples: GSP, US-Chile Free Trade Agreement, NAFTA

• CSC used:• 00 = no special programs claimed• CA = Goods marked for Canada (NAFTA)• MX = Goods marked for Mexico (NAFTA)• Full list available on our website

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Rate Provision (RP) codes

• RP codes indicate free or dutiable status

• Used in conjunction with goods imported using Ch. 98 or 99 code

• RP code can relate back to Ch. 98 or 99

• Assigned by FTD

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Rate Provisions (cont.)Examples of RP codes:

• RP 17 = Free as articles imported for the handicapped. Imported under HTS subheadings 9817.00.92, 9817.00.94 & 9817.00.96

• RP 69 = Dutiable at rate prescribed in Rate of Duty columns of HTS Ch. 99. Duty reported

• Full list available on our website

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Special Provisions

Chapter 98 & 99 for National use• Ch 98 - duty free/reduction • Ch 99 - legislation, executive and

administrative actions

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Special Provisions (cont.)

9801 - U.S. goods exported and returned not advanced or improved• U.S. origin• Previously exported from U.S.

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9802 – Goods with components of U.S. origin• U.S. goods assembled abroad• Importers deduct value of U.S. goods from

total Customs value

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Dual Reporting of Codes

Report 10-digit statistical reporting number• Chapter 1-97• Unit of Quantity

Followed by special provision • Chapter 98

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Dual Reporting of Codes9817.85.01

• Prototypes for development, testing, evaluation• Free

8422.11.0000• Dishwasher, household• 2.4%

8422.19.0000• Dishwasher, other• Free

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Chapter 99 • Quotas• Additional duties• Temporary reductions

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Dual Reporting of Codes

• Footnote 189 - See headings 9902.01.19, 9902.02.12, 9902.12.54, etc.

• Reduced or duty free rates • 9902.01.19 Vinclozolin• Report 9902.01.19 - 2934.99.1200

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Repairs – ImportsImporting repaired item

• Report Ch. 98 number and value of repair• If under warranty – non-statistical• If Non-warranty – statistical

Also report Ch. 1-97 HS in order to determine duty

Importing item for repair• Temporary imports

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Internet References

FTD• http://www.census.gov/trade

Guide to Foreign Trade Statistics• http://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/

guide/index.html

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Internet References (con.)

Schedule B• http://www.census.gov/scheduleb

HTSUSA• http://www.usitc.gov/tata/hts/bychapter/index.htm

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Internet References (con.)

CSC• http://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/

reference/codes/csc.html

RP• http://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/

reference/codes/rp.html

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Any Questions?

Processing and Editing

June 18, 2008

Andrew Jennings

Methods Research and Quality Assurance

[email protected]

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Introduction

• The Foreign Trade Division processes over 6 million import and export transactions a month

• Publish the official merchandise trade statistics on a monthly basis

• Ensure that published statistics are accurate• Published data may appear different than

what can be seen on the electronic systems

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Outline

Sources of Data

Processing

Data Categories

Differences

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Sources of Import Data

Imports• The Automated Commercial System (ACS)• E214 Program• Automated Foreign Trade Zone Reporting

Program (AFTZRP)• Paper Documents• Canadian Gas and Electricity• Estimates

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Sources of Import Data

Source Percent of Number of

Value Records

ACS 86 4,099k

AFTZRP 4 61k

E214 6 27k

Canada 2 0.05k

Paper Documents 1 8kCF-7051 and CF-214

Estimates 1 0.2k

Totals 4.2 millionMarch 2008 data

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Sources of Export Data

Exports

• Automated Export System (AES)

• Canadian Data Exchange

• Shippers Export Declarations (SED)

• Estimates

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Sources of Export Data

Source Percent of Number of

Value Records

AES 78 1,743k

Canada 20 885k

Paper SED 0 26k

Estimates 2 0.5k

Totals 2.7 million

March 2008 data

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Sources of Data

Editing at point of collection

• Data are edited at point of collection

• Ensures best quality data

• Subset of what is edited post collection

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Processing

Overview

• Prepare for editing

• Edit

• Resolve errors

• Categorize and aggregate the data

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Prepare Records for Editing

Combine Sources

• Reformat data to uniform structure

• Identify Non-statistical transactions

• Low value records

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Statistical time periods

• Imports - Release date

• Exports - Clearance date

• Statistical month

• Carryover

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Preliminary Alterations

• Recode commodities as necessary

• Convert quantities

• Convert Schedule B from HTSUSA (exports only)

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Apply Corrections to Data

• Customs corrections

• Filer corrections

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Editing

Overview

• Code Validations

• Consistency Checks

• Ratio Edits

• Maximums and Minimums

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Editing

Code Validations

We validate codes with lookup tables that are updated monthly as changes are made– Harmonized System commodity – Country of origin– Foreign port– U.S. port– Special Program Indicators (imports)

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Editing

Consistency Checks

• Commodity-specific consistency checks

Example: import bananas from Greenland

• Mode of Transportation and Port of Unlading relationship

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Editing

Ratio Edits• Verify numeric data by computing ratios• Check ratios against commodity-specific

ranges• Several types of ratio edits

o Quantity to valueo Quantity to shipping weight/value to shipping

weighto First quantity to second quantity for shipments

requiring two quantities

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Editing

Ratio Edits• Unit price example - Fireworks

– We edit the quantity using unit price parameters of 0.663966/kg and $30.165/kg

– We expect a $40,000 shipment of fireworks from China to have a quantity between 1,326 kg and 60,244 kg

• $10,000,000 / 10,000,000 kg

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Editing

Maximums and Minimums• General Maximums

o Shipping weight exceeds what the mode of transportation can carry

• Commodity-specific maximumso Maximum shipping weights– Example: 20 kilograms of diamonds unlikelyo Maximum values

• Maximum quantities

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Editing

Commodity Specific Parameters

• 2.7 million parameters

• Files containing editing parameters by commodity

• Flexible – can easily make necessary changes to parameters

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Editing

Error resolution• Cannot review every erroneous

record• Analysts review records that have

the most impact• Edit programs impute the other

records

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Editing

Imputation• Impute a new quantity or shipping weight

from a factor and value or previously edited field

• Unit price example1,000 kg of fireworks valued at $40,000

would reject our edit. Using an imputation factor of $4.51/kg, the edit program would change quantity to 8,853 kg.

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Editing

Analyst review

• Contact the filer

• Ensure correct classification

• Bypass the edits

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Editing

Analyst Review• Review data by grouping individual records• Aggregate by commodity to determine if total

values and quantities are reasonable• Utilize control files• Compare measures to previous months –

look for missing or misreported data and identify processing problems

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Import Data Categories

• Consumption Entry

• Warehouse/FTZ Withdrawal

• Admission to Warehouse/FTZ

• General Imports are Consumption Entry and Admission to Warehouse/FTZ

• Consumption imports are Consumption Entry and Warehouse/FTZ Withdrawal

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Import Data Categories

Usually Imports for Consumption <= General Imports

Remember:

Consumption = Consumption+withdrawals

General = Consumption+admissions

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Why would Consumption be greater than General Imports?

Goods processed in a FTZ

Example: Petroleum entered in FTZ General import stats would show Ch 27 when

goods admitted to FTZ

Petroleum is processed in the zone, creating byproducts classified in Ch 25

Therefore imports for consumption are based on what EXITS the zone (Ch 25)

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Why would Consumption be greater than General Imports?

Petroleum processed in a FTZ could result in:

Chapter 27

General import stats > Consumption stats

Chapter 25

General Import stats < Consumption stats

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Export Data Categories

Domestic– Merchandise grown, produced or manufactured in

the U.S.– Foreign merchandise changed in the U.S.

Foreign (re-export)– Foreign merchandise, entered for consumption or

into a warehouse or FTZ, that is unchanged at the time of export

Published exports are domestic exports and foreign exports

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Data Categories

Noncontiguous trade– PR and VI trade with U.S. are Non-

contiguous exports (separate data product)

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ACE Portal

Several sources of dataNot seeing all of the data (Paper and

AFTZRP)

Estimate low value shipments

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ACE Portal

The data are categorized by Entry TypesDouble counting trade into and out of

warehouses and Foreign Trade Zones

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ACE Portal

We make changes to the data during processing

Non-statistical data are not publishedData corrections are not seen at the time

filingAlterations to the data occur after the

data are extracted from the sourceMulti-line reporting

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ACE Portal

Time periodsLate filings are received and published at

yearly revisions

Early filings are held until the next processing month

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Data Processing and Editing

Questions please!

[email protected]

(301)763-7041

The United States – Canada Data

Exchange

Helen HongProcess Coordination Staff U.S. Census BureauJune 18, [email protected]

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Agreement between the governments of the United States and Canada

based on a

Memorandum of UnderstandingMemorandum of Understanding (MOU) (MOU)

What is the United States – Canada Data Exchange?

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Who is Involved?

UNITED STATES

° U.S. Census Bureau (BOC)

° U.S. Customs & Border Protection (CBP)

CANADA

° Statistics Canada (STC)

° Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA)

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How Does It Work?

The United States and Canada exchange each other’s Import statistics to publish their respective Export statistics; i.e.,

U.S. Exports to Canada = Canadian Imports from the U.S.

andCanadian Exports to the U.S. =

U.S. Imports from Canada

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Why Was It Created?

‣ Rise in Export under coverage

‣ Decrease operating costs to

process Export Declarations

‣ Eliminate reporting burden of Exporters

‣ Location and language of both countries

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What Is Special About the Data Exchange?

» Valuable data source

» Expansive data coverage

» Unique working relationship

» Data used for statistical purposes only

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What Are Some Differences in the Data Exchange?

° Port Codes

° State of Export

° Vendor vs. Exporter

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> STC transmits files

twice per month

> Adjustments are required

How Do We Receive Canadian Import Data?

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What Kind of Adjustments?

* Freight Charges* Currency Conversion* Exports of Foreign Goods to Canada* Exports of U.S. Goods to Canada

from Third Party Countries* Revisions

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Freight Charges

▪ Included in U.S. Exports

▪ Excluded in Canadian Imports

▪ Added to compensate for difference in valuation

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~ U.S. Federal Reserve’s

monthly exchange rate

~ STC converts to U.S. dollars;

transmits data to BOC

Currency Conversion

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Exports of Foreign Goods to Canada

• Transmitted from STC

• BOC includes these goods

in U.S. export statistics

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Exports of U.S. Goods to Canada from Third Party Countries

• Transmitted from STC

• BOC excludes these

goods from U.S. export statistics

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Revisions

• Estimates for Late Arrivals

• Corrections from STC

• Corrections Made by BOC

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Estimates for Late Arrivals

• STC sends with

second transmittal

• Estimates replaced with actual values the following month in the FT-900 press release only

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Corrections from STC

• STC sends with second transmittal

• Corrections from first transmittal

• Applied automatically and manually

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Corrections Made By BOC

• Commodity analysts verify corrections with their STC counterparts

• Corrections made prior

to publication, when possible

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??? Questions ???

Helen Hong

[email protected]

Country Issues

Diane Oberg

June 18, 2008

[email protected]

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Topics

Definition of Partner Country

Special Cases

Trade Statistics do NOT Follow the Money

Why Bilateral Statistics Differ

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Partner Country

Exports – Country of Ultimate Destination as known at time of export

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Partner Country

Imports – Country of Origin– Where grown, mined or manufactured– Where last “substantially transformed”– Legal Definition – tariffs, quotas,

preferences• CROSS – Customs Rulings Online Search

System

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Imports from A

Goods produced in and exported from A

Goods produced in A incorporating foreign components if “substantially transformed” under U.S. rules

Goods produced in A by affiliates of U.S. or foreign firms

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Imports from A

Need not have been exported from A• A exports to distributor in B, which sells to U.S.

– A: export to B, B: export to U.S.; U.S.: import from A

• A exports used U.S.-built aircraft to B– A: export to B:, B: import from U.S.

• May have been subject to further processing, packaging or finishing

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Trade Statistics Do NOTFollow the Money

Goods manufactured in A under contract to firm from country B – country of origin = A

Firm in B purchases U.S. goods & directs shipment to A – A: Import from U.S.;

A may not be involved in B’s imports from A

Multi-country production – attributed to single country of origin

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Special Cases

Re-imports – reported under HS 9801 – imports from country of shipment

Country of origin undetermined – imports from country of shipment

ISO Coding Errors

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In-Transit Goods

U.N. Guidelines – exclude goods moving under customs bond from statistics

Shipper may choose to enter and re-export– EX: Goods transiting U.S. between

Canada & Mexico • Import from Canada• Re-export to Mexico

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Bilateral Statistics

Will rarely match

UN Guidelines– Country of Origin vs. Country of

Destination– Valuation

Reconciliation Studies – on web site

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Major Sources of Discrepancy

Indirect trade/Re-imports/Re-exports/Multi-country production (Imports from A/Follow $)

System of TradeCoverage DifferencesValuation DifferencesLow-value shipmentsChapter 98/99

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System of Trade

General Trade – as crosses borderSpecial Trade– excludes bonded

warehouses and free trade zones– 1989 European reconciliation $307

million in refined oil exported from warehouses

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Definition of Country

Which territories/possessions are included– e.g. Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands– 1989 EU Reconciliation – Monaco, San Marino

Special cases – 1992 Korean Reconciliation

• Integrated circuits re-exported by U.S. • $167 million – Korea credited to U.S. as country of origin

could not be determined

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Coverage Differences

Differences in commodities/types of transactions included– Leases– Repairs– Confidentiality practices– Re-imports

• US – records by country of shipment• Some countries – import from themselves

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Valuation Differences

Partner country imports are usually c.i.f.– U.N. guidelines– Will be higher than exports

Treatment of assists and other adjustments

Third party markups

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Low Value Shipments

Many countries use low-value threshold

Some exclude without estimation

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Chapter 98/99

Nationally Defined – may include:– Confidentiality suppressions– Re-imports– Low value– Repairs– Miscellaneous exports– Values can be significant– Partner country values likely in HS 1-97

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Partner Country Data

1992 U.S. – Japan Trade

Eastbound Westbound

U.S. Imp/Exp $97,414 M $47,813 M

Japan Exp/Imp $95,793 M $52,230 M

Difference -1.7 % 9.2 %

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U.S.- Japan Reconciliation – 1992(values in $millions)

U.S. Published Exports 47,813

Re-exports -1,921

Timing -406

Insurance and Freight 4,084

Imports from 3rd countries 624

Japan’s re-imports 987

Puerto Rico/U.S. Virgin Is. -458

Low value shipments -213

Other/Residual 1,720

Japan’s Published Imports 52,230

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U.S.- Japan Reconciliation – 1992(values in $millions)

U.S. Published Imports 97,414

Re-imports -776

Imports from 3rd countries -1,790

Shipping Containers 180

Re-exports 1,869

Puerto Rico/US Virgin Islands -776

Low Value -733

Residual 405

Japan’s Published Exports 95,793

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Any questions ?

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Methods Research & Quality Assurance

Branch

Sherri EwingJune 18, 2008

U.S. Census Bureau

Port and Port and Mode of Transportation DataMode of Transportation Data

118

Objectives

District/Port Data Definitions

Mode of Transportation (MOT)

Data Quality Issues

119

What is a Port Code?

A 4 digit number consisting of the customs District and Port

1301

District Port

120

Port Data Definitions

Port of ExportationVessel or Air – Customs port where merchandise is

loaded and taken out of the country

Vessel could be containerized or non containerized

Overland – Customs port where merchandise

crosses the U.S. border into foreign territory

121

Port Data Definitions Cont.

Import Port of Entry

The port in which merchandise clears Customs

for entry into consumption, bonded warehouses,

or Foreign Trade Zones

Import Port of Unlading

The port where merchandise is unloaded from

the importing vessel or aircraft

122

Mode of Transportation (MOT) Transportation Statistics Categories

Vessel, Air, and Other Methods

Based on the MOT by which the merchandise arrives in or departs from the United States

We obtain this information from the documentation the filers provide

Other methods are available for certain publications (i.e. rail vs. truck or container vs. non container for vessel)

123

Mode of TransportationCont.

Entering/Departing through Canada & Mexico

Recorded under the MOT by which they enter or depart the U.S. regardless of the transportation mode for the rest of their journey

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How does a truck get here from China?

MOT is identified by the method of conveyance that is used when the shipment crosses the border into the U.S.

Example: China Canada on vessel, then Canada U.S. on truck

Over 5% of goods arriving over land originate in countries other than Canada and Mexico

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Reporting of District/Port DataQuality Issues:

Filing

Imports – data captured at time of entry summary

Exports – port where shipment is expected to ship from

Knowledge of Filer

Airports and Seaports

Correcting the obsolete/incorrect codes

Unknown container status is coded as non-container

126

Mail, Pipeline and Other Unknowns

U.S. MailFor exports via U.S. Mail, filers can report

any code, but the Census Bureau changes the code to ‘8000’

The Census Bureau corrects some export shipments that are incorrectly reported as mail (e.g. fire trucks)

127

Mail, Pipeline and Other Unknowns

Pipeline

For shipments by pipeline, exporters file with the port having jurisdiction for the pipeline

128

User-Fee Ports and Nearby Ports

A lot of small package couriers have their own port codes

Recoding of courier port codes

129

Canadian Data Exchange

Quality Issue

We take Canada’s imports for our exports which can lead to inaccurate port code information

Canada does not collect containerized vessel shipment information for their imports

Thus for Canadian shipments, all vessel shipments have unspecified as the container status

130

Questions?

Sherri Ewing

[email protected]

(301) 763-3330


Quality Issues

Alison Gajcowski

June 18, 2008

U.S. Census Bureau

132

Topics Covered

• Why is Quality Important?

• Sources of Errors

• Carryover

• Revisions

133

Why is Quality Important?

Government Uses:– Developing the merchandise trade figures

• To appraise and analyze major movements and trends

• To evaluate and plan various programs• Measure impact of tariff and trade concessions

– Implement and analyze operations under various international agreements

134


• Detailed import data are essential to:– Correctly assess import duties– Administer embargoes and quotas– Restrict counterfeit items entering the country– Implement control policies

• Detailed export data are necessary to:– Administer export control and regulatory policies

135


Non-government uses:• Appraise the general trade situation and

outlook• Perform share-of-the-market analyses and

market penetration studies• Aid in product and market development• Measure the impact of competition

136


Transportation industry uses:

– Market share and penetration analyses– Anticipating the need for and design of future

facilities and equipment

137

Sources of Errors

– Reporting errors – Nonfiling of documentation– Late filing– Data capture errors– Transiting goods– Underestimation of low value transactions

138

Nonfiling of Export Documentation

Example: • If exporting to Canada, NO documentation of

export is required• BUT if shipping through Canada to another

country documentation is required

139

Nonfiling of Export Documentation

Increased electronic filing • Reduces the instances of nonfiling • Less export paper documents are lost

140

Nonfiling of Import Documentation

Undocumented foreign merchandise entering FTZs

• Should be included in import trade statistics under most imports

Rail cars• By law importers of rail cars are not required to

report their shipments

141

FTZ Withdrawals

Foreign Country

U.S. Customs Territory

Export documentation should befilled out

Import documentation must be filled out, duties paid

FTZ

FTZ

Shipment in-bond, no duties paid

142

Data Capture

– Automated reporting

– Edits are performed at various stages• ABI and AES• Statistics Canada import processing system• Internal Census Bureau edits

143

Automated Reporting

– Allows the Census Bureau to receive and compile data quickly

– Error reduction• Exports

– In 2007 over 98% of transactions filed electronically– 56% of SEDs contain errors versus only 10% of

AES records as of a 2001 study

• Imports– In 2007 over 99% of transactions filed electronically– 37% of Customs Entry Forms 7501 contain errors

versus only 8% of ABI records as of a 2001 study

144

Classification

– Exports and duty free imports are not scrutinized as closely for proper classification

– 80% of imports are duty free

145

Reasons for Misclassification

– Typos– Duty avoidance– Not understanding the classification

system

* ABI and AES utilize edits to detect misreporting and send error messages to the filers*

146

Low Value Estimation

• Initially all trade transactions were fully reported• Value-based exemptions reduced the increasing filer

burden • Value of a shipment is under the exemption level

– Do not have to report full details on imports – Do not have to report at all for exports

• Low Value Exemptions – Initially enacted in the early 1960s, – Have been updated several times since

147

Low Value Estimation

– Amount of detailed records collected from low valued shipments declined

– Value of these shipments is estimated– Factors based on ratios of low valued shipments

to individual country total for past periods– The factors used

• May no longer be effective• FTD is researching ways of improving the estimation

methods

148

Charges

– If a charge is included in the invoice priceIt must be included in the Customs Value

– If an importer does not know the exact value of all charges

Charges must be estimated

– For items excluded from Customs valueThe filer must have documentation

– Actual value may be overstated

149

Carryover

– Trade records received and/or processed too late for inclusion with records in the correct transaction month

– Current carryover rate (2007 avg)• 0.29% exports• 0.77% imports

150

Carryover

– Each month in the FT900, the total import, export, trade balance and “end-use” totals for the prior month are adjusted for carryover

• SITC (Standard International Trade Classification) and country detail reports not revised

– Annual revision takes place each June• SITC and country detail reports are revised

151

Revisions

– Every June of the current year, FTD publishes an annual revision of the previous year

• Carryover correction• Corrections resulting from data investigations• Customs and Canadian revisions

152

Conclusion

FTD continues to monitor the quality of data during collection, processing, and publication.

We are constantly exploring ways to further improve the quality of international trade data.

153

Quality Issues

Any Questions?

[email protected]

(301)763-7043


Profile of U.S. Exporting Companies 2005-2006

Ben Shelak

June 22, 2008

U.S. Census Bureau

155

Released January 11, 2008

Available on FTD Website back to 1996

http://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/aip/index.html#profile

Profile of U.S. Exporters2005 – 2006

156

Profile of U.S. Exporters 2005 – 2006

U.S. Census Bureau NewsU.S. Department of Commerce • Washington, D.C. 20230

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

8:30 A.M. EST FRIDAY, JANUARY 11, 2008

For information contact: (301) 763-3629 CB-08-01Kristen S. Corwin or Benjamin Shelak

A Profile of U.S. Exporting Companies, 2005 - 2006

157

Partially $ponsored by the

International Trade Administration (ITA)

Produced by the Special Projects Branch

Produced by linking export records to the Census Business Register, which contains employment, company types, & company locations


158

Composition of Total Export Value: 2006Composition of Total Export Value: 2006

Unidentified = Unidentified = Exports that could not Exports that could not be matched to Business be matched to Business RegisterRegister

Identified = Exports Identified = Exports that could be matched to that could be matched to the Business Register the Business Register (Known export value)(Known export value)

Other = Low value Other = Low value est., revisions, Gov’t est., revisions, Gov’t shipmentsshipments


3%

10%

87%

Unidentified Identified Other

159


The Profile can answer questions such as:

Value that can be attributed to large manufacturers in 2006

Canada’s known export value that can be attributed to companies with 1 to 19 employees

Number of companies that exported from Maryland in 2006 and how much known value was exported

160


Profile Provides Data Users: Exporting community’s employment sizes,

types of companies, & major foreign markets

Top 25 U.S. export countries and multiple country groupings

Export value and number of exporters for each state (OM State)

Number of employees of identified exporting companies

161


Profile Characteristics - I

Company type – NAICS based (North American Industry Classification System)

Manufacturers

Wholesalers

Other

Unclassified

162

Company size - # of employeesSmall (0-99 employees)

Medium (100-499 employees)

Large (500 or more employees)


Profile Characteristics - II

163

Unclassified0.7%

Others13.5%

Wholesalers22.3%

Manufacturers63.5%

2006 Known Export ValueBy Company Type


164

$118.2

$56.0 $51.9$40.9 $37.7

$29.7 $29.3$22.6 $22.5

$178.5

$0$20$40$60$80

$100$120$140$160$180


2006 Top 10 Export CountriesKnown Export ValueKnown Export Value (in billions)

165


2006

Export Concentration

9.4%13.4%

20.8%

30.6%

39.5%

52.3%

61.8%

0.0%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

60.0%

70.0%

Top4

Top8

Top20

Top50

Top100

Top250

Top500

Companies

% o

f K

now

n E

xpor

t V

alu

e

166

2006 Export Value and Number of Exportersby Employee Sizes

20%

91%

6%

9%

71%

3%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Large (500 or More)

Medium (100-499)

Small (0-99)

Employee Sizes:

Known Export Value ($910.5 bil.)

Number of Exporters (245,945)


167


How is our data valuable to data users?

Example:

A data user wants to know how many Large sized companies (500+ Employees) export to OPEC countries and how much value is exported.

168

Profile of U.S. Exporters 2005 – 2006Special requests for data:

We may be able to provide special tabulations that are not included in the Profile.

Example:

A data user wanted to know the number of U.S. companies that exported to Central American Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA) countries in a given year.

Table 5a of the Profile did not provide export data on these CAFTA countries, so we compiled the data for the data user.

169


The EDB Team

Kristen CorwinBen Shelak

(301)763-3629

170



Origin of Movement Export State

Origin State, ZIP Code & Sub-state Data

John Chantis

June 18, 2008

U.S. Census Bureau

172

Background:

Origin of Movement (OM) State – Based on Origin State “State OM”

Origin of Movement (OM) State – Based on ZIP Code “ZIP Code OM”

http://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/statistics/state/index.html

173

Background:

For more information call Data Dissemination Branch 301-763-2311

174

Based on Origin State: Available 1987-Present

Based on the state in which the goods begin their journey to the port of export

Does not represent the production origin of U.S. export merchandise

175

Origin State examples: Goods warehoused in GA transported to a

FL port to be shipped to a foreign country. OM state is……GA

Auto parts produced from many states are consolidated in TX to be exported to Mexico. OM state is…… TX.

176

Origin of Movement (OM) State Series – Based on Origin State

Available in our monthly FT900 Press Release, supplement, exhibit 2

Web address: http://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/Press-

Release/current_press_release/exh2s.pdf

More detailed information

177

Based on ZIP Code: Available January 2006 - Present

The ZIP Code of the USPPI, the party in the US that receives the primary benefit

from the shipment

Does not necessarily represent the location of the USPPI

178

ZIP Code State examples: Goods warehoused in GA transported to a

FL port to be shipped to a foreign country. ZIP state is ...GA.

Auto parts produced from many states are consolidated in TX to be exported to Mexico. ZIP state is not …TX.

179

ZIP Code Based report: Similar to FT-900 supplement, exhibit

2 press release; available on our website:

http://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/statistics/state/zip/index.html

180

OM State vs. ZIP Based State(in millions of dollars)

2007

Q1 = -10.98 Median = -3.15 Q3 = 6.18#States within (-10%, 10%) = 28

State OM ZIP Pct Diff Wyoming 801.8 285.4 -64.41 Louisiana 30,374.7 15,827.7 -47.89 Alaska 3,894.6 2,362.9 -39.33 New Mexico 2,583.3 1,790.6 -30.69 Iowa 9,614.1 6,814.4 -29.12. . . . Colorado 7,350.2 8,952.5 21.80 Connecticut 13,719.0 17,446.6 27.17 Minnesota 17,993.4 26,744.0 48.63 Michigan 44,371.4 67,943.2 53.12 Dist of Columbia 1,083.0 2,911.1 168.80

181

OM State vs. ZIP Based State(in millions of dollars)

February 2008

Q1 = -14.49 Median = -2.65 Q3 = 8.08#States within (-10%, 10%) = 22

State OM ZIP Pct Diff Wyoming 88.2 20.4 -76.87 Hawaii 223.6 66.2 -70.39 Alaska 289.3 111.1 -61.60 New Mexico 234.1 99.6 -57.45 Louisiana 4,013.7 1,842.5 -54.09. . . . Connecticut 1,139.3 1,667.4 46.35 Missouri 936.7 1,388.1 48.19 Michigan 3,611.9 5,594.8 54.90 Minnesota 1,435.3 2,574.4 79.36 Dist of Columbia 67.9 318.2 368.63

182

Other available state data products:

FTD - Quarterly and Annual OM & ZIP state data on CDROM. Please call our Current Systems Programming Branch on 301-763-2214. Available in three options….

Option 1: State by 3-Digit NAICS Commodity by Country (Total, Air and Vessel). Option 2: Region by 4-Digit SITC, District/Port of Exit, & Country (Total, Air & Vessel). Option 3: State by District/Port of Exit, & Country (Total, Air & Vessel)- No Commodity Detail

183

Other products … Manufacturing and Construction

Division (MCD) - Gives exports by state and 3 digit NAICS. Available online at http://www.census.gov/mcd/exports/.

184

Sub-State Data

Data historically based on Metropolitan Area (MA).

MA’s are now called Core Based Statistical Area (CBSA) by Office of Management & Budget (OMB).

New definitions for CBSA’s were announced by OMB on June 2003.

185

Sub-State Data

CBSA’s based on zip code of US Principal Party in Interest (USPPI).

CBSA’s now cover areas of 10 to 50 thousand population, which were not covered by MA’s.

CBSA codes increase coverage to about 93% of the population vs 80% with MA’s.

186

Sub-State Data In 2006 completed a quality review and

disclosure analysis of 3-digit ZIP Codes, CBSA Metro, and other tables based on 2005 data

Historically, under contract, we have produced data for ITA

To date we provided 3-digit ZIP Code & CBSA Metro totals for 2005 & 2006 Export data to ITA http://ita.doc.gov/td/industry/otea/metro/

187

Next Steps…Nearing completion of our analysis to provide

data to ITA based on 2007 trade.

• The current contract calls for CBSA by 3-digit NAICS, CBSA by Destination, CBSA by 3-digit NAICS by Destination, and other tables of trade totals.

• 2007 CBSA data will be available mid to late 2008.

188

For more information:

[email protected] Projects Branch Foreign Trade Division

(301) 763-3251www.census.gov/foreign-trade/www/

189

FTD Website & Data Products

Joe Kafchinski

[email protected]

301-763-2311

191

www.census.gov/trade

• AES

• Regulations

• Reference

• Schedule B Search Engine

• Statistics

192

AESwww.census.gov/aes

• Getting Started

• Document Library

• Contact FTD AES Branch

193

Regulationshttp://www.census.gov/traderegs

• Trade Regulations

• Meetings and Presentations (Training)

• Contact FTD Regulations Branch

194

Referencewww.census.gov/tradereference

• Announcements & Information Papers

• Codes

• FAQs

• Guides

• Catalog

195


Announcements & Information Papers

– Merchandise Trade Reconciliations

– Presentations

196


Codes

– Schedules B, C(ountry), D(istrict/port)

– Concordance: SITC, End-use, USDA, NAICS, ATP

– Trade Agreement Program codes & descriptions

197


FAQs

– General (Release dates, etc.)

– AES/Regulations

– Downloading data

198


Guides

– Guide to Foreign Trade Statistics• Program description• Quantity abbreviations, Conversion tables• Country Groupings

– Foreign Trade Statistics Security Guidelines

– Revision procedure

199


Product catalog

– Links and descriptions for online data products

– Description of standard data products and link to online order form

200

Schedule B Search Enginewww.census.gov/scheduleb

• Browse current and previous year’s Schedule B book

• Keyword search

• Download ASCII version of the entire book

• View code changes between current and previous year

201

Statisticswww.census.gov/tradestats

• Press Releases• Highlights• Country/Product Data• State Exports• Historical Time Series• Notices & Corrections• Data Products

202

FT900www.census.gov/ft900

FT900: U.S. International Trade in Goods and Services

– Trade Balance– Seasonally Adjusted, Constant Dollar, Not

Seasonally Adjusted– Some commodity, geographic detail– Released approx. 42 days after end of the

statistical month

203

FT900Awww.census.gov/foreign-trade/Press-Release/steel_index.html

FT900A: U.S. Imports for Consumptionof Steel Products

– Steel Groupings as defined by the American Iron and Steel Institute

– Commodity and Country summary and detail files– Preliminary: ~ 25-30 days after end of month– Final: Released with FT900

204

FT920www.census.gov/foreign-trade/Press-Release/ft920_index.html

FT920: U.S. Merchandise Trade:Selected Highlights

– Domestic and Foreign Exports– General, Consumption, Customs, CIF,

Dutiable Imports– Country and Customs District summary– Released with FT900

205

Related Party Tradewww.census.gov/foreign-trade/Press-Release/related_party/

Imports and Exports by Related Parties

– Link to Related Party Database Application• Domestic Exports, Imports for Consumption• NAICS6, All countries, 2000 - 2007

– Annual Reports• Domestic Exports, Imports for Consumption• Limited country and commodity summary

206

Exporter Profilewww.census.gov/foreign-trade/aip/index.html#profile

Profile of U.S. Exporting Companies– Annual Reports– Exports by company type and employment

size– Exports to related parties– Selected countries and world areas– State of Origin

207

Trade Highlightswww.census.gov/foreign-trade/statistics/highlights/

• Top Trading Partners– Current Month– Year-to-date

• Congressional Highlights

• Monthly and Annual Press Highlights

208

Country and Product Trade Datawww.census.gov/foreign-trade/statistics/country/

• Special Reports• Advanced Technology Products (ATP)• End-Use• NAICS• SITC• Top Trading Partners• Trade in Goods by Country• Trade w/ Puerto Rico and U.S. Possessions

209

Country and Product Trade Datawww.census.gov/foreign-trade/statistics/country/

• All Country and Product data is not seasonally adjusted

• Some data is revised

210

Special Reportswww.census.gov/foreign-trade/statistics/country/sreport/textile.html

U.S. Imports of Textiles, Textile Products and Apparel– NAICS6 detail, totals– Total imports by country– NAICS6 detail from China

– Unrevised

211

Advanced Technology Productswww.census.gov/foreign-trade/statistics/country/

10 ATP Categories

Monthly, December 2003 – present, unrevised

01 – Biotechnology 06 – Flexible Manufacturing

02 – Life Science 07 – Advanced Materials

03 – Opto-Electronics 08 – Aerospace

04 – Information & Communications

09 – Weapons

05 – Electronics 10 – Nuclear Technology

212

End-Usewww.census.gov/foreign-trade/statistics/country/

• 5-digit End-Use

• Exports and Imports

• Annual data, last 5 years (revised)

213

NAICS Web Applicationcenstats.census.gov/naic3_6/naics3_6.shtml

• NAICS 3- & 6-digit• Exports and Imports• Exports; General, Consumption,

Census, CIF Imports• Monthly, January 2000 – present• Export to .csv, .xls• Unrevised

214

Top Trading Partnerswww.census.gov/foreign-trade/statistics/country/

• Exports, Imports, Total Trade (Same as Trade Highlights)

• Deficit, Surplus, Total Trade

• Data is as published (unrevised)

215

Trade in Goods by Countrywww.census.gov/foreign-trade/balance/

• Exports, Imports and Trade Balance for all countries

• Monthly and Annual, January 1985 – present (where applicable)

• Total trade under “W” (World)

• Revised

216

U.S. Trade with Puerto Rico and U.S. Possessionswww.census.gov/prod/www/abs/ftdpr895.html

• Trade between the U.S. and its possessions

• These data are not part of the import and export statistics

• Annual PDF publication; monthly ASCII text version available for purchase

217

State Export Datawww.census.gov/foreign-trade/statistics/state/

• U.S. Exports of Goods by State, ZIP-code Based, January 2006 - present

• State Exports by Country and Commodity– Top 25 Countries– Top 25 Commodities– Based on Origin of Movement

• More data available on USA Trade Online

218

Historical Serieswww.census.gov/foreign-trade/statistics/historical/

• Annual Trade Totals, 1960 – present

• Monthly trade, 1993 – present

• Petroleum historical data

• Constant-dollar historical data

219

Online Data Distributionwww.census.gov/foreign-trade/statistics/dataproducts/

• Online Order Form

• Foreign Trade Data Downloads

• FTD Dropbox

220

FTD Data Downloadswww.census.gov/foreign-trade/download

• All FTD standard data products– ASCII files

• Subscriptions to current year data

• Unique username & password

221

FTD Data Downloadswww.census.gov/foreign-trade/download

• U.S. Exports & U.S. Imports of Merchandise (formerly the DVDs)

• Export and Import Databanks

• State Exports (OM & ZIP)

– Monthly: 6-digit HS

– Quarterly: 3-digit NAICS; State/Region; State/Port

• Port 6-digit HS

• Special Program Indicators (SPI – electronic version of IM146A)

• Trade with Puerto Rico and US Possessions (electronic version of FT895)

• Textile Summary

• Commodity/Geographic/Textile concordances

222

FTD Dropboxwww.census.gov/foreign-trade/dropbox/

• Non-standard data products

• Monthly subscriptions– “1-10”– Customized data request

• One-time drops for files too large to email

223

USA Trade Onlinewww.usatradeonline.gov

• 10-digit HS

• Port/6-digit HS

• State Exports

• NAICS

• ALL DATA IS REVISED

224

USA Trade Online – HS 10www.usatradeonline.gov

• 10-digit HS

• Commodity/Country/District

• Value/Quantity/Unit Price

• Monthly:2002 – presentAnnual: 1992 – present

225

USA Trade Online – Portwww.usatradeonline.gov

• HS6 • Over 400 seaports, airports and border

crossings• Country of Origin/Destination• Total Value • Vessel, Air and Containerized Vessel value

and shipping weight• Monthly, 2003 - present

226

USA Trade Online – State Exportswww.usatradeonline.gov

• HS6 and NAICS4• All 50 States, DC, Puerto Rico & The

U.S.Virgin Islands• Monthly, 2002 - present• Country of Destination• Total Value • Vessel, Air and Containerized Vessel value

and shipping weight

227

USA Trade Online – NAICSwww.usatradeonline.gov

• 6-Digit NAICS • Country/District• Import Values: General Customs, General CIF,

Consumption Customs, Consumption CIF Values• Export Values: Total, Domestic, & Foreign Values• Balance (Total Export Value – General Customs

Import Value)• Monthly, 2002 - Present