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Codex work on milk and milk products (overview)
Annamaria Bruno and Jeronimas Maskeliunas
Food Standards Officers
Codex Secretariat
Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme
Codex Alimentarius Commission
Established in 1961/1963 174 members countries and 1
Member organisation 219 observer organisations
Codex Alimentarius Commission - mandate
Dual objective:
Protecting the health of consumers
Facilitating fair practices in food trade
Non-mandatory in nature, Codex standards and related texts have since 1995 become international benchmarks for harmonization under the SPS and TBT Agreements of WTO
General Principles
(France)
Food Additives (China)
Contaminants in Foods (Netherlands)
Food Hygiene
(USA)
Codex organizational chart
Food Labelling
(Canada)
Methods of Analysis and Sampling
(Hungary)
Pesticide Residues
(China)
Residues of Veterinary Drugs in Foods
(USA)
General Subject Committees Commodity Committees
Milk and Milk
Products (New Zealand)
Processed Fruits
and Vegetables (USA)
Meat Hygiene
(New Zealand)
Fish and Fishery
Products (Norway)
Fresh Fruit and
Vegetables (Mexico)
Fats and Oils
(United Kingdom)
Nutrition and Foods for Special Dietary Uses
(Germany) Cereals, Pulses and Legumes (USA)
Vegetable Proteins
(Canada)
Natural Mineral Waters
(Switzerland)Cocoa Products and
Chocolate (Switzerland)
ad hoc Intergovernmental Task Forces
Biotechnology
(Japan)
Antimicrobial Resistance
(Republic of Korea)
Processing and Handling of Quick Frozen Foods
(Thailand)
Regional Coordinating Committees
Africa
(Morocco)
Asia
(Republic of Korea)
Europe
(Switzerland)
Latin America
and the Caribbean
(Argentina)
Near East
(Jordan)
North America and
the Southwest Pacific
(Samoa)
Executive Committee Secretariat
CODEX ALIMENTARIUS COMMISSION
-Food Import and Export Inspection and Certification
Systems (Australia)
Sugars
(United Kingdom)
active
adjourned
Codex work on milk and milk products
Codex Committee on Milk and Milk Products Codex Committee on Food Hygiene Codex Committee on Contaminants in Foods Codex Committee on Pesticides Codex Committee on Residues of Veterinary
Drugs in Foods Codex Committee on Food Additives Codex Committee on Nutrition and Food for
Special Dietary Uses
Codex Committee on Milk and Milk Products
Hosted by New Zealand Elaborate world-wide standards , codes and
related texts for milk and milk products Meets every two years; 8th Session in
February/March 2008 16 Standards for individual cheese, 19 Standards
cheese products Codex General Standard for the Use of Dairy
Terms (CODEX STAN 206/1999)
Codex Standards for Milk and Milk Products - format
Scope Description Essential Composition and Quality Factors Food Additive Contaminants Hygiene Labelling Methods of Analysis and Sampling
Codex Standards for Milk and Milk Products - Contaminants
“The products covered by this Standard shall comply with the maximum limits for contaminants and the maximum residue limits for pesticides and veterinary drugs established by the Codex Alimentarius Commission.”
Codex Standards for Milk and Milk Products - Hygiene
“It is recommended that the products covered by the provisions of this standard be prepared and handled in accordance with the appropriate sections of the Recommended International Code of Practice – General Principles of Food Hygiene (CAC/RCP 1-1969), the Code of Hygienic Practice for Milk and Milk Products (CAC/RCP 57-2004) and other relevant Codex texts such as Codes of Hygienic Practice and Codes of Practice.
The products should comply with any microbiological criteria established in accordance with the Principles for the Establishment and Application of Microbiological Criteria for Foods (CAC/GL 21-1997).”
Codex Standards for Milk and Milk Products – Ongoing work and Outstanding issues
Ongoing work Export certificate for milk and milk products Fermented milk drinks Processed cheese
Oustanding issues Food labelling provisions of revised individual cheese
standards (country of origin) New work on elaboration of a Standard for Parmesan
cheese
Codex Committee on Food Hygiene
Relevant texts
International Code of Practice – General
Principles of Food Hygiene (CAC/RCP 1-1969)
Code of Hygienic Practice for Milk and Milk Products (CAC/RCP 57-2004)
Relevant on-going work
proposed draft Code of Practice for Powdered Formulae for Infants and Young Children
Code of Hygienic Practice for Milk and Milk Products – outstanding issues
Codex Guidelines for the application of the lactoperoxidase system (CAC/GL 13 - 1991)
While adopting the above Guidelines, the Commission at its 19th Session agreed to emphasize that the lactoperoxidase system should not be used for products intended for international trade and should never be used as a substitute for refrigeration (ALINORM 91/40, para.234)
Pesticide Residues in Milks
The Codex Alimentarius Commission has established MRLs/EMRLs in milks for the following 88 pesticides :
2,4-D , abamectin*, aldicarb, aldrin and dieldrin, amitraz, azocyclotin, bentazone, bifenthrin, carbaryl, carbofuran, carbosulfan, chlordane, chlormequat, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, clethodim, clofentezine, cyfluthrin*, cyhexatin, cypermethrin, cyprodinil, cyromazine, DDT, deltathrin*,diazinon, dichlorvos, dicofol, diflubenzuron, simethipin, dimethoate, diphenulamine, diquat, disulfoton, dithiocarbamates, endosulfan, ethephon, ethoprophos, famoxadone, fenamiphos, fenbucanazole, fenbutatin oxide, fenitrothion, fenpropathrin, fenpropimorph, fenpyroximate, fipronil, fludioxonil, flumethrin, flusilazole, flutolanil, glufosinate-ammonium, glyphosate, heptachlor, imidacloprid, kresoxin-methyl, lindane, methamidophos, methidathion, methomyl, methoprene, methoxyfenozide, myclobitanil, oxamyl, paraquat, penconazole, permethrin, phorate, piperonyl butoxide, pirimicarb, pirimiphos-methyl, prochloraz, profenogos, propargite, propiconazole, spinosad, tebuconazole, tebufenozide, terbufos, thiabendazole*, triadimefon, triadimenol, triazophos, trifloxystrobin, vinclozolin
* - Used also as veterinary drug
Veterinary Drug Residues in Milks
The Codex Alimentarius Commission has established MRLs in milks for the following 27 veterinary drugs :
albendazole, benzylpenicillin/procaine benzylpenicillin, ceftiofur, chlortetracycline/oxytetracycline/tetracycline, clenbuterol, cyfluthrin*, cyhalothrin*, cypermethrin and alpha-cypermethrin, deltamethrin*, dihydrostreptomycin/streptomycin, diminazene, doramectin, eprinomectin, febantel/fenbendazole/oxfendazole, gentamicin, imidocarb, isometamidium, ivermectin, lincomycin, neomycin, pirlimycin, spectinomycin, spiramycin, sulfadimidine, thiabendazole*, tilmicosin, trichlorfon (metrifonate)*.
* - Used also as pesticide
Codex Committee on Nutrition and Food for Special Dietary Uses
Relevant texts
Codex Standard on Infant Formula (Codex STAN 72-1981)
Ongoing work
Draft revised Standard for Infant Formulas and Formulas for Special Medical Purposes intended for Infants. Final draft of Section A “provisions for infant formulas” and Section B “provisions for Formulas for Special Medical Purposes” to be submitted for adoption at 30th CAC (July 2007)
Others
Contaminants and toxins
Codex General Standard for Contaminants and Toxins in Food – GSCTF (CODEX
STAN 193-1995): Aflatoxin M1, Lead
Additives
Codex General Standard for Food Additives – GSFA (CODEX STAN 192-1995) - Food Category 01.0 Dairy Products and analogues
Methods of Analysis
Recommended Methods of Analysis and Sampling(CODEX STAN 234-1999)
Cooperation between Codexand OIE
Cooperation is important to minimize overlaps and avoid gaps in in standards falling within the scope of both organizations, so as to ensure a farm-to-fork approach to the safety of foods of animal origin.
OIE already participates actively in Codex work, e.g. in CCMH, CCRVDF, CCFH and CCFICS.
OIE Working Group on Animal Production Food Safety. Advisory group established in 2002 with participation of experts from Codex.
OIE ad hoc Groups on Identification and Traceability of Live Animals (since 2005), on Certificate (since 2007) and on Animal Feeds (October 2006)
For more information visit the Codex website: http://www.codexalimentarius.net