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Red Electrica de España´s role in the safe integration of new generation technologies
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RED ELECTRICA DE ESPAÑA’s RED ELECTRICA DE ESPAÑA’s role in the safe integration of new generation technologies
BILBAO, 4th October 2011
Spanish electric system. TSO functions:
� To ensure the security and continuity of power supply, keeping the instantaneous balance
between generation and demand.
� To design, develop and maintain transmission network.
Thermal generation
Residential consumption (low voltage)
TSO Functions
2
Hydro generation
Wind power
REE Control centre
generation
Transport network
Distribution network
Distribution substation
Transport substation
Industrial consumption (high voltage)
� Electricity is a non storable product
� Necessary instantaneous balance betwen generation and demand
Generation-Demand Balance
3
Exceso de demandaExceso de generación
RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA
The European 20/20/20 Objectives for 2020The 20/20/20 European Strategy is the key driver of the European change in the
Energy model. Spain supports strongly these European objectives and is
committed to reach them-
20 / 20 / 20 Strategy
4
� The development of renewable energy
sources and the reduction in consumption
imply a reduction in GHG emissions.
20% reduction
in primary
energy
consumption
20% of final
energy
coming from
renewables
20%
reduction in
GHG
emissions
Evolution of the Spanish system
60
80
100
120
140
GW
Evolution and forecast of installed power in the Spanish electric system
S.R. Solar CSP
S.R. Solar PV
S.R. Wind
S.R. Mini-hydro
S.R. Biom-SUW-SIW
S.R. Non Renew.
OCGT
Pure Pump St.
Conventional Hydro
5
m In order to meet the energy targets, the national objective plans to install almost 35.000 MW of wind power and 11.500 MW of solar power
m � integration of RES will require actions in order to maximize their integration in the system
0
20
40CCGT
Fuel-gas
Coal
Nuclear
Peak demand
Off-peak demand
Evolution of the Spanish system
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
350,000
400,000
GW
hEvolution and forecast of the energy production in the Spanish electric
systemS.R. Solar CSP
S.R. Solar PV
S.R. Wind
S.R. Mini-hydro
S.R. Biom-SUW-SIW
S.R. Non Renew.
OCGT
Pure Pump St.
Conventional Hydro
6
m 2010: 20.000 MW Wind and 4.000 MW Solar power. Support schemes will continue
m Low interconnection capacity with the European continental system
m EU 20-20-20 Objectives � in 2020 RES should produce ~40% of Spain’s electricity
m RES integration challenges will increase
0
50,000
100,000
150,000 Conventional Hydro
Fuel-gas
CCGT
Coal
Nuclear
Demand
Spanish inteconnection capacity
FR ���� ES =1,5%
UE 10%101520253035404550
Interconnection capacity compared to installed capacity
7
� Limited interconnection capacity with France, security link with the European Interconnected system. In practice almost an “electrical
island”.
PO ���� ES = 1,5%
Inst. Capacity. SPAIN = 100 GW
MA ���� ES = 0,6%
UE 10%
05
10
Wind generation tripping due to voltage dips.
8
� The voltage dip which would be generated by a three-phase dead fault in some 400 kV substations affects most of the system.
� From January 1st 2008 all new wind facilities must comply with PO 12.3. Of the parks that were on-line prior to this date 12 500 MW have been also certified.
� Still 1000 MW of installed wind turbines have no fault-ride-through capabilities for faults shorter than 100ms and voltages lower than 85% p.u.
8
Studies on wind behavior in the Spanish system
9
Curtailment of Renewable Energies[MW]
Available RESRemaining conventional technologies
that participate in the market
Conventional generators needed for
securilty reasons
The generation program must ensure:
�Feasibility of the power balance
�Operational reserves
�System stability after faults
�Voltage control
�Short-circuit power
Oscillation damping
10
[MW]
[h]
RES Curtailment� Since 2010, on days with high primary resource, it is not possible to integrate all the available power with priority of dispatch, and it becomes necessary to curtail RES production to balance generation and demand
� Frequency expected to increase
[h]�Oscillation damping
-20,000
-10,000
-
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
MW
Integration and curtailments of RES in the Spanish system
Central scenario - 2020
Min. Conv. Generation Run-of-river (Medium) SR Cogeneration SR Biomass-SUW-SIW SR Mini-hyd. SR Solar PV
SR Solar CSP Wind 1 2020 Eff. Dem. Total load -Eff.- Curtail. E1
Future challenges to integrate RES
n Forecasts for the 2020 horizon
11
-20,000
-10,000
-
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
MW
Integration and curtailments of RES in the Spanish system
Central scenario - 2020
Min. Conv. Generation Run-of-river (Medium) SR Cogeneration SR Biomass-SUW-SIW SR Mini-hyd. SR Solar PV
SR Solar CSP Wind 1 2020 Eff. Dem. Total load -Eff.- Curtail. E1
Red Eléctrica and the integration of renewable energiesm In order to reach a safe, efficient and environmentally friendly energy
supply, REE supports the development of renewable energies through:
� The implementation of tools and mechanisms that allow their maximum integration in the
� Investment in grid infrastructures to evacuate their production
� Minimizing their social and environmental impact
12
m Red Eléctrica has been a key actor for Spain to become a world leader in renewable energies integration
that allow their maximum integration in the system in safe conditions
� First control centre in the world for the safe integration of renewable energies (CECRE)
CECRE: Control Centre for Renewable Energiesn RES curtailments caused by grid constraints or fault-ride-through incapability have
been practically solved. REE's CECRE (Control Centre for Renewable Energies) monitors system conditions and sends curtailment orders to RES plants when system security is at risk. These instruments allowed a record integration of 54% of Spanish demand with wind on the 9th of November 2010 at 3h35 a.m.! And 43% of the daily demand!
n Until 2010, RES curtailments have been infrequent and non relevant in relative terms
x ~22
13
WGCC1
…
Rem
ote
contr
ol
Iccp Link
WGCCn
x ~22
x ~800
Challenges to maximize the integration of RES
n Challenges:
� Massive disconnection after voltage dips
� Voltage control: overvoltages
� Low interconnection capacity and new grid to evacuate RES
� Back-up power with low yearly production
14
� Variability and predictability of RES: operational reserves
� Load following of conventional generators
� Interaction with the integration of combined cycle units
� Storage?
� Costs and impact on the electricity tariffs?
� Market rules?
Solutions to optimize the integration of RESn Solutions:
� Fault-ride-through capability (Integration studies ���� Grid code P.O 12.3)
� Contribution to voltage control (Integration studies ���� Grid code P.O 12.2)
� CECRE: Control Centre for RES (First Control Centre in the world to monitor and control RES)
� Increase of interconnection capacity (HVDC projects with France in the 2020 horizon)
� Enhancement of forecasting tools
� Demand Side Management: move load to off-peak hours
15
� Demand Side Management: move load to off-peak hours
� Contribution of pump storage or other storage technologies (prioritize installation of Pump units)
� Flexibility of new/existing generation
� Market mechanisms: market coupling mechanisms ���� regional integration (MIBEL ���� IEM)
� Provide the gas system with higher capacity and flexibility in its reservoirs and supply chains
� Contribution of electric vehicles?
� Smart grids?
� Participation in national/international studies: EWIS (European Wind Integration Study),MERGE (EU, electric vehicle), TWENTIES (EU, RES integration), VERDE (electric vehicle),ESP-LEADER (Flows control with FACTS), MEDGRID initiative (Interconnections with NorthAfrica), CONSOLIDA (Integration of CSP), Projects on chemical storage
Conclusions
m Red Eléctrica supports the development of RES in safe conditions for the electric system
m RES integration challenges will icrease, and partial curtailments will be necessary for security reasons � need to minimize them
m Red Eléctrica, as technical manager of the system, will keep working on maximizing the integration of RES in safe conditions, and will support all measures
16
maximizing the integration of RES in safe conditions, and will support all measures contributing to this goal
m Technical studies (tools, requirements, DSM, electric vehicles etc.)
m CECRE: monitoring and control
m Grid expansion and interconnections
m Market mechanisms
m Supergrid? Smartgrids? North African initiatives? Demand Side Management? Electric Vehicle? Storage? Smart grids?
17
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Cambios en los flujos