Cis110 lecture 01 intro to is

CIS 110 Fall 2012 Prof. Ulema Intro - 1

Prof. M. Ulema

Manhattan College, School of Business

Computer Information Systems

CIS 210: Introduction to Information Systems

Lecture Notes 01

Overview of Information Systems and Information Technology


“The right information at the right time is

nine-tenths of any battle.”Abraham Lincoln

http://www.apples4theteacher.com/holidays/presidents-day/abraham-lincoln/photographs/lincoln4.jpg


Outline

• What is an Information System?

• Functions and Capabilities of ISs

• Business Perspective

• Information Systems Literacy

• Types of Information Systems

– Supporting Organizational Levels

– Major Business Functions

– Enterprise-wide Information Systems


What is Information System (IS)?

• A collection of computing systems used by an organization

• A set of interrelated components that– Collect (or retrieve),

process, store, and distribute information to support

• Decision making and

• Control in an organization


IS is not the same as IT!

• Information System

– A collection of computing systems used by an organization to deal with certain information

• Information Technology

– Broadly, an organization’s collection of information resources, their users, and the management that oversees them

– Includes the IT infrastructure and all other information systems in an organization


Data vs. Information vs. Knowledge

• Data– Streams of raw facts representing events such as

business transactions

• Information– Clusters of facts that are meaningful and useful to

human beings in the processes such as making decisions

• Knowledge– Data and/or information that have been organized and

processed to convey understanding, experience, accumulated learning, and expertise as apply to a current problem or activity


Data vs. Information: An Example

331 Brilo Dish Soap 1.29833 BK Hill Coffee 4.99173 Meow Cat .75331 Brilo Dish Soap 1.29553 Cntry Ham 3.29521 Ginger Root .85CCC

Sales Region: NorthwestStore: Superstore #: 22

ITEM NO. DESCRIPTION UNITS SOLD

331 Brilo Dish Soap 7156

YTD SALES $9,231.24Data

Information

YTD SALES of $9,231.24 is the BEST figure we had in past 10 years.

Knowledge


Major Capabilities of ISs

• Perform high-speed, high-volume, numerical computation

• Provide fast, accurate, and inexpensive communication within and between organizations

• Automate both semiautomatic business processes and manual tasks

• Store huge amounts of information in an easy-to-access, yet small space


Major Capabilities of ISs (Cont.)

• Allow quick and inexpensive access to vast amount of information, worldwide

• Facilitate the interpretation of vast amounts of data

• Enable communication and collaboration anywhere, any time

• Increase the effectiveness and efficiency of people working in groups in one place or in several locations, anywhere

• Facilitate work in hazardous environment


• An important instrument for creating value for the organization

OR

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S TECHNOLOGY

MANAGEMENT

INFORMATION

SYSTEMS

Major Factors Involved in Building ISs


Organization: Major Business Functions

• Sales and marketing

• Manufacturing

• Finance

• Accounting

• Human resources


Management Levels

• Senior managers:

– Make long-range strategic decisions about products and services

• Middle managers:

– Carry out the programs and plans of senior management

• Operational managers:

– Monitor the firm’s daily activities


Major Technology Topics

• Computers – Hardware, Software

– Basic Architecture, Programming, Applications

• Databases – Storing and managing data

– Building, Querying, Modeling, Distributed DB

• Networks

– Internet, WWW, Communication Protocols

• Security

– Secrecy, Anonymity, Electronic Payments, Firewalls


IS Types - Overview

FUNCTIONALAREAS

GROUPSSERVED

IS TYPES

SalesMarketing

Manufacturing

Finance Accounting HumanResources

KWS, Office Systems

Knowledge and Data Workers

DDS, MIS MiddleManagers

TPS

ESS SeniorManagers

OperationalManagers

IS TYPES


Organizational Level ISsInput Processing Output Supports

Executive Support Systems (ESS)

Aggregate data

Interactive Projections Strategic long term decision making

Decision Support Systems (DSS)

Low volume data

Interactive Decision analysis

Complex, non-routine decision making

Management Information Systems (MIS)

High volume data

Simple models Summary reports

Routine decision making in functional areas

Knowledge Work Systems (KWS)

Office Systems

Design specs

Modeling Designs, graphics

Creating, gathering, organizing, integrating, and disseminating of an organization knowledge

Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)

Daily routine transactions

Record and store

Summaries for other ISs

Collecting, organizing, and disseminating data and information


Payroll TPS

Payroll TPSTPS Example

CIS 110 Fall 2012 Prof. Ulema Intro - 17MIS Example


DSS Example


FUNCTIONAL SPECIFIC ISs

Systems Major FunctionsSales and Marketing Systems

Sales management, Market research, Promotion, Pricing, New products

Manufacturing and Production Systems

Scheduling, purchasing, shipping, receiving, engineering, operations

Financing and Accounting Systems

Budgeting, general ledger, billing, cost accounting

Human Resources Systems

Personnel records, benefits, compensation, labor relations, training



Enterprise-Wide Information Systems

• Serve several departments or entire enterprise

– Supply Chain Management (SCM) Systems

– Customer Relationship Management (CRM) Systems

– Knowledge Management (KWM) Systems


Supply Chain Management

• Links and coordinates the activities involved in buying, making, and moving a product

• Integrates supplier, manufacturer, distributor, and customer logistics time

• Reduces time, redundant effort, and inventory costs


Customer Relationship Management (CRM) Systems

• Uses information system to coordinate entire business processes of a firm

• Consolidates customer data from multiple sources and provides tools for answering questions

• Manages all ways used by firms to deal with existing and potential new customers


Knowledge Management (KWM) Systems

• Creating knowledge

• Discovering and codifying knowledge

• Sharing knowledge

• Distributing knowledge


Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Systems

• Integrating all data and processes of an organization into a unified system

• Key ingredient: a unified database to store data for the various system modules

• Typical modules in an ERP System:

– Supply Chain Management (SCM), Customer Relationship Management (CRM), Finance, Manufacturing, Human Resources