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2. Atom the smallest unit of matterindivisible Helium atom 3. electron shells
4. Electrons are placed in shells according to rules:
5. Octet Rule = atoms tend to gain, lose or share electrons so as to have 8 electrons
Gain 4 electrons Gain 3 electrons Gain 2 electrons 6. Why are electrons important?
7. 8. 9. Electron Dot Structures
10. Chemical bonds: an attempt to fill electron shells
11. Learning Check
12. IONIC BOND bond formed betweentwo ions by thetransferof electrons 13. Formation of Ions from Metals
14. Formation of Sodium Ion
15. Formation of MagnesiumIon
16. Some Typical Ions with Positive Charges (Cations)
17. Learning Check
18. Solution
19. Learning Check
20. Ions from Nonmetal Ions
21. Fluoride Ion
22. Ionic Bond
23. 24. Ionic Bonds: One Big Greedy Thief Dog! 25. 1). Ionic bond electron from Na is transferred to Cl, this causes a charge imbalance in each atom.The Na becomes(Na + )and the Cl becomes(Cl - ),charged particles or ions. 26. 27. COVALENT BOND bond formed by thesharingof electrons 28. Covalent Bond
29. Covalent Bonds 30.
31. when electrons are sharedequally NONPOLARCOVALENT BONDS H 2or Cl 2 32. 2. Covalent bonds-Two atoms share one or more pairs of outer-shell electrons.Oxygen Atom Oxygen Atom OxygenMolecule(O 2 ) 33. when electrons are shared but sharedunequally POLAR COVALENT BONDS H 2 O 34. Polar Covalent Bonds: Unevenly matched, but willing to share. 35. - water is apolar moleculebecause oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen, and therefore electrons are pulled closer to oxygen. 36. METALLIC BOND bond found inmetals; holds metalatoms togethervery strongly 37. Metallic Bond
38. Metallic Bonds: Mellow dogs with plenty of bones to go around. 39. Ionic Bond, A Sea of Electrons 40. Metals Form Alloys Metals do not combine with metals.They formAlloys which is a solution of a metal in a metal. Examples are steel, brass, bronze and pewter. 41. Formula Weights
42. Practice
43. 44.