Chapter 1a

Chapter 1 Understanding Marketing

The future is not ahead of us. It has already happened.

Philip Kotler

2

The learning objectives:

•What is Market?•What is Marketing and marketing management?•Marketing core Concepts•Marketing management philosophies

1. Market

Market means that customers who have purchased or want to purchase a certain product or service.

Market = population+ Purchasing Power + Purchasing Need

Examples:How to understand the market of purified water what is the market of Nike?how to understand the Nike’s market?

Market

• Consumer Market• Business Market• Global Market• Nonprofit and Government Markets

Consumer Market

The aim of buying is to consume for their own or somebody who has something to do with in consumer market.

Business Market

Business buyers buy goods for their utility in enabling them to make or resell a product to others for the purpose of making profits.

Global Market

Companies selling their goods and services in the global marketplace face additional decisions and challenges.

Nonprofit and Government Markets

Companies selling their goods to nonprofit organizations such as churches, universities, charitable organizations, or government agencies.

Simple Marketing System

Industry(a collection

of sellers)

Market(a collection

of Buyers)

Goods/services

Money

Communication

Information

2.Defining Marketing

Marketing is a societal process by which individuals and groups obtain what they need and want through creating, offering, and freely exchanging products and services of value with others.

- Philip Kotler

Marketing

Is the process of planning and executing the conception,pricing,promotion,and distribution of ideas,goods,services to create exchanges that satisfy individual and organizational goals.

The Scope of Marketing

Goods ServicesExperience EventsPersons PlacesProperties OrganizationsInformation Ideas

Target Market and Segmentation

• the relationship between the industry and market•Marketplace & Marketspace• five basic markets

Marketplace and Marketspace

•Marketplace is physical, as when one goes shopping in a store,•Marketspace is digital, as when someone shopping on the internet.

Five Basic Market (figure 1.2 P9)

•Manufacturer markets•Resource markets•Government markets•Intermediary markets•Consumer markets

Manufacturermarkets

Services,Services,moneymoney

Governmentmarkets


ServicesServices


TaxesTaxes

Taxes,Taxes,goodsgoods



MoneyMoney MoneyMoney

Consumermarkets

IntermediarymarketsGoods, servicesGoods, services Goods, servicesGoods, services

ResourcesResources ResourcesResourcesResourcemarkets

MoneyMoney MoneyMoney

Structure of Flows

The Four PsThe Four Ps

MarketingMix

Product

Price Promotion

Place

The Four CsThe Four Cs

CustomerSolution

CustomerCost

Communication

Conven-ience

MarketIntegratedmarketing

Profits throughcustomer

satisfactionCustomer

needs

(b) The marketing concept

FactoryExistingproducts

Selling andpromotion

Profits throughsales volume

Startingpoint Focus Means Ends

(a) The selling concept

Customer Delivered Value

Customers

Front-line people

Middle Management

TopManagement

Traditional Organization Chart

Customer-Oriented Organization Chart

Customers

Front-line people

Middle management

Topmanage-

ment

Customers Cus

tom

ers

Evolving Views of Marketing’s Role

a. Marketing as anequal function

FinanceProduction

Marketing Humanresources

b. Marketing as a moreimportant function

Finance

Humanresources

Marketing

Production


c. Marketing as themajor function

Marketing

Finance

Hum

an

resources

Production

d. The customer as thecontrolling factor

Customer

Human

reso

urces

FinanceProductio

n

Marketing


e. The customer as the controllingfunction and marketing as the

integrative function

Customer

Marketing

Production

Hum

an

resources

Finance

Marketing management

The analysis, planning, implementation, and control of programs designed to create, build, and maintain beneficial exchanges with target buyers for the purpose of achieving organization objectives

3.Core Concepts of Marketing

Product or Offering Product or Offering

Value and Satisfaction Value and Satisfaction

Needs, Wants, and DemandsNeeds, Wants, and Demands

Exchange and Transactions Exchange and Transactions

Relationships and Networks Relationships and Networks

Target Markets & Segmentation Target Markets & Segmentation

Marketing Channels Marketing Channels

Supply Chain Supply Chain

Competition Competition

Marketing Environment Marketing Environment

Products and

Services

Value, satisfaction,and quality

Needs, wants,and demands

Exchange, transactions,and relationships

Markets

CoreMarketingConcepts

CoreMarketingConcepts

Needs, Want, and Demands

•Needs describe basic human requirements.•Want are shaped by one’s society.•Demands are wants for specific products backed by ability to pay.•examples

NeedsNeeds - state of felt deprivation for basic items such as food and clothing and complex needs such as for belonging. i.e. I am thirsty

WantsWants - form that a human need takes as shaped by culture and individual personality. i.e. I want a Coca-Cola.

DemandsDemands - human wants backed by buying power. i.e. I have money to buy a Coca-Cola.

Demand States and Marketing Tasks

• No demand• Latent demand• Declining demand• Irregular demand• full demand• Overfull demand• Unwholesome demand

How do Consumers ObtainProducts and Services?

How do Consumers ObtainProducts and Services?

ExchangesExchanges - act of obtaining a desired object from someone by offering something in return.

Transactions Transactions - trade of values between parties. Usually involves money and a response.

RelationshipsRelationships - building long-term relationships with consumers, distributors, dealers, and suppliers.

Value and satisfaction

Benefits• functional benefits• emotional benefits

Costs•Monetary costs•Time costs•Energy costs•Psychic costs

Value and satisfaction

benefitsValue = ----------------- costs

Exchange and transaction

“Exchange” is the act of obtaining a desired object from someone by offering something in return.“transaction” is a trade between two parties that involves at least two things of value, agreed-upon conditions a time of agreement, and a place of agreement.

Relationship marketing

The process of creating, maintaining, and enhancing strong, value-laden relationships with customers and other stakeholders.

Product and service

Product---Anything that can be offered to a market for attention, acquisition, use or consumption that might satisfying a want or need. It includes physical objectives, services, persons, places, organizations and ideas.Service--- any activity or benefit that one party can offer to another that is essentially intangible and does not result in the ownership of anything.

4.marketing philosophies

The production concept

The product concept

The selling concept

The marketing concept

The societal marketing concept

Production ConceptProduction Concept

Product ConceptProduct Concept

Selling ConceptSelling Concept

Marketing ConceptMarketing Concept

Consumers prefer products that are widely available and inexpensive

Consumers favor products that offer the most quality, performance,

or innovative features

Consumers will buy products only ifthe company aggressively

promotes/sells these products

Focuses on needs/ wants of target markets & delivering value

better than competitors

Company Orientations Towards the Marketplace

Customers

Front-line people

Middle Management

TopManagement

Traditional Organization Chart

Customer-Oriented Organization Chart

Customers

Front-line people

Middle management

Topmanage-

ment

Customers Cus

tom

ers

Marketing ManagementMarketing Management

Marketing ManagementImplementing programs to create exchangeswith target buyers to achieve organizational

goals

Finding and increasing demand, alsochanging or reducing demand

Demand Management

Attracting new customers and retaining current customers

Profitable Customer Relationships


a. Marketing as anequal function

FinanceProduction

Marketing Humanresources

b. Marketing as a moreimportant function

Finance

Humanresources

Marketing

Production


c. Marketing as themajor function

Marketing

Finance

Hum

an

resources

Production

d. The customer as thecontrolling factor

Customer

Human

reso

urces

FinanceProductio

n

Marketing


e. The customer as the controllingfunction and marketing as the

integrative function

Customer

Marketing

Production

Hum

an

resources

Finance

The production concept

the production concept holds that consumers will prefers products that are widely available and inexpensive.

The product concept

The product concept holds that consumers will favor those products that offer the most quality,performance,or innovative features.

The selling concept

The selling concept holds that consumers and businesses, if left alone, will ordinarily not buy enough of the organization’s products. The organization must, therefore, undertake an aggressive selling and promotion effort

The marketing concept

The marketing concept holds that the key to achieving its organizational goals consists of the company being more effective than competitors in creating,delivering,and communicating customer value to its chosen target markets

The societal marketing concept

The societal marketing concept holds that the organization’s task is to determine the needs, wants,and interests of target markets and to deliver the desired satisfaction more effectively and efficiently than competitors in a way that preserves or enhances the consumer’s and the society’s well-being.

Society(Human Welfare)

Society(Human Welfare)

Consumers(Wants)

Consumers(Wants)

Company(Profits)

Company(Profits)

SocietalMarketingConcept

SocietalMarketingConcept

EmergingChallengesEmerging

Challenges

NonprofitMarketing

New Marketing

Landscape &InformationTechnology

EthicalConcerns Globalization

ChangingWorld

Economy

New Marketing ChallengesNew Marketing Challenges

53

Marketing’s Future

“It (marketing) encompasses the entire business. It is the whole business seen from the point of view of the final result, that is, from the customer’s point of view.”

• Peter Drucker

Marketing has become the job of everyone.