Carbon Nanotubes: Biz Model for Testing and Simulation

Carbon Nanotubes-Introducing CNT to

potential markets

Dominik Reimer

Karthika Sampath

Sayantan Bera

Agenda Tonight-

Carbon Nanotubes: The Technology and its various applications

ETS Solutions: An analysis of the firm

Business Model Proposal

Value Proposition for Potential Markets

Strategic Control

Conclusion

Lets get started..

Carbon Nanotubes- The future

Introduction to CNT

Cylindrical structure on nanometer scale

Types of CNT, e.g.

Single-walled nanotubes (SNWT)

Multi-walled nanotubes (MWNT)

Nanobuds

Properties of CNT are result of their structure

http://www.nanocyl.com/CNT-Expertise-Centre/Carbon-Nanotubes

Properties of CNT Strongest and stiffest material discovered

Highly flexible

Thermal along the fiber but insulators in lateral direction

Either semiconductors or metallic, depending on structure of

the nanotube

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_nanotube#Nanobud

http://www.nanocyl.com/en/CNT-Expertise-Centre/Carbon-Nanotubes

O’Connell, Michael, at al.: “Carbon Nanotubes - Properties and Applications”, 2006

Existing CNT business CNT production capacity is expected to grow.

Current production capacity far exceeds actual production.

More than 1,000 organizations pursue R&D on products incorporating

CNT

Only commercial producer of CNT so far: Nanocomp Technologies, Inc.

No breakthrough in

large-scale applications

of CNT yet!

http://www.innoresearch.net/report_summary.aspx?id=77&pg=531&rcd=ET113&pd=2/1/2011

http://www.nanowerk.com/spotlight/spotid=23118.php

http://www.nanocomptech.com/

CNT embedded in polymer matrix or carbon-fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP)

Typical content: <5wt% of CNT

Increase of fatigue strength up to 100%

over typical carbon fiber epoxy composites

has been observed

Great improvement of mechanical properties

Applications –

Carbon nanotube reinforced polymer

R. Andrews, M. C. Weisenberger: “Carbon nanotube polymer composites”. In: Current Opinion in

Solid State and Materials Science 8 (2004) 31–37

http://aerospaceengineeringblog.com/carbon-nanotube-interlaminar-strengthening/

ANS, a subsidiary of Lockheed Martin, developed a process to infuse

multi-wall carbon nanotubes with glass, carbon, and ceramic fibers for

continuous, high-volume production.

Wingtip fairing of F35 fighterjet are made out this new material

Cost reduction of 90% in comparison to CFRP

Weight reduction of 25 – 30%

Considered to replace about 100 components of the F35

No use in load-bearing structures yet due to high certification

requirements

Applications –

Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Polymer (CNRP)

http://www.lockheedmartin.com/content/dam/lockheed/data/corporate/documents/nano/materials-m.pdf

http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/lockheed-martin-reveals-f-35-to-feature-nanocomposite-357223/

Emergent Technology with a lot of ongoing

research

Complex technology: A lot of parameters

influence CNRP property

Continuous product improvement due to

better understanding of complex material

Process improvement can be expected

Future growth on CNRP technology into

further applications can be expected

R. Andrews, M. C. Weisenberger: “Carbon nanotube polymer composites”. In: Current Opinion in Solid State

and Materials Science 8 (2004) 31–37

http://aerospaceengineeringblog.com/carbon-nanotube-interlaminar-strengthening/

Technology lifecycle of CNRP

Electronic devices mounted on flexible plastic substrates.

CNT are highly flexible and either semiconducters or metallic what

makes them suitabe for flexible electronics

Potential application: FOLED

Currently, Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) is used as

transparent conductor

But: Indium is a scarce resource

ITO layer is fragile

CNT based material has the potential

to replace ITO

Applications – Flexible electronics

http://news.stanford.edu/news/2014/march/doping-carbon-filaments-031814.html

http://www.novaled.com/oleds/

https://www.tue.nl/en/university/news-and-press/news/researchers-find-replacement-for-rare-material-indium

tin-oxide/

Technology lifecycle:

Consumer electronics market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 44.30%

mainly driven by flexible displays, flexible sensors and batteries.

Market for flexible electronics is expected to grow from $3.4 billion in 2013 to

$13.23 billion in 2020.

Short product lifecycle of consumer electronics

IP rights:

Strong IP in consumer electronics

Patent filed by Apple on flexible OLED

There is demand for testing of mechanical durability of flexible

electronics

Flexible electronics is a long-lasting trend in consumer electronics

Applications – Flexible electronics

http://www.researchandmarkets.com/research/b644ng/flexibleaterial-indium-tin-oxide/

http://techcrunch.com/2014/10/07/apple-patents-flexible-display-input-methods/

Why ETS?

ETS Solutions offers a broad range of vibration testing equipment

Has a global base of customers with installations in more than 30

countries

Testing and Analysis

SimulationDesign

ImprovementCustomer

Base

Testing and Analysis

Certification/ benchmarking of products against

standards.

Testing of intermediate products used in aerospace

and consumer electronics industry.

Analysis of the products to ensure levelling to

industry requirements.

Failure Analysis of products that do not match up to

industry prescriptions.

Simulation and Design Analysis

State of the art simulation and

testing facility which is used to

certify products against industry

standards.

Design Consultancy, to improve

on faulty structures, or

improvements on existing

designs.

ETS in Aerospace - Example

Fatigue Test on suspension systems carried

out.

Specially designed systems in place to carry

out testing for variable length.

Design Improvements, changes to material

etc. is recommended.

Clear knowledge of industry standards and

benchmarks is a strong core competency.

http://etssolution-asia.com/industries/aerospace/

Product development cycle is very short.

Quality assurance is of prime importance.

Solutions to enable them develop innovative

product designs and to deliver higher

throughput, maximum efficiency and minimum

idle-time.

Example:

XY Axis Vibration Quality Assurance Test for

Tablet

3-Axis Packaging Vibration Transportation

Simulation Test

Vibration Quality Assurance Test for Lithium

Battery Pack

ETS in Consumer Electronics

Customer Base in Defense/ Aerospace

Customer Base in Consumer Electronics

CNT

Applications

Defense,

Consumer

Electronics

Customers

CNT Manufacturers

e.g. Nanocomp Tech

Technology/ Innovation

expertise/ R&D

Open Innovation

Business Model Proposal

Aerospace

Applications

Flexible

Electronics

Applications

Testing

Simulation

Design

Value Chain and Revenue Stream

Open Innovation

Partners

Customers and

End Users

Manufacturing Knowledge

Third Party

Services

Testing and Simulation

Design Consultancy

Profit Sharing

PlatformServices

Service Fees

Commission

Fee

Service Fees

Business

Platform

Revenue

Service

Vertical Integration Chain

ETS Partners

Research on CNT and CNT

materials

Potential Applications Aerospace and

Consumer Electronics

Companies.

Development of customer

specific solutions

Customers

Simulation & Testing

Certification of products

Manufacturing

Customer relations

Application Specific

Value Propositions

Value Propositions- Aerospace

Strong understanding of standards and procedures

for Aerospace and Electronics Applications.

Wide knowledge about certification requirements for

CNT composites.

Roadmaps for their current and potential customers

on how to replace exisiting structures with CNT

composite structures, including:

Design Assistance

Testing Design

ImprovementCertification

Value Proposition- Electronics

Modern Testing and Simulation Facilities

Global presence

Suitable testing equipments especially for foldable displays

and supporting structures

Early feedback on mechanical durability of product design,

given that the products have short lifecycle

Development of Standardised Testing Procedures

Helps gain competitive advantage

Customers: Existing and Potential

Aerospace Airbus

Boeing

Dornier

Lockheed Martin

Embraer

Business Driving Factors

Leaders in aviation and consumer electronics technology and innovation.

Driven by efficiency and lowering costs.

Outsourcing of core activities creates opportunities for innovative

technologies and firms.

Consumer Electronics

Samsung

Toshiba

LG

Apple

SWOT Analysis

Strengths:

• Strong Testing Infrastructure

• Simulation Expertise

• Design Management

• Customer Base

Weakness

• No expertise in CNT

• Lack of Research Facilities

• Development of distribution channels.

Opportunities

• Use customer channels.

• Strong foot of CNT in structural improvement.

• Requirement of high efficiency materials.

Threats

• High initial costs to customers

• Reluctance to acceptance

• Value Chain disruption

Strategic Control

Non-imitability and strategic partnerships

Open Innovation

Barriers to Entry

Standards

Non-Imitability

Knowledge and experience in testing and simulation of CNT structural components

Established customer base in the defense industry

Strategic partnerships

Strategic partnership with Universities to foster open innovation

Strategic partnership with CNT manufacturers

Open Innovation and Universities

ETS does not have specialized R&D centres for CNT technology

currently, but it can outsource R&D to accelerate innovation.

Universities can be more than suppliers of knowledge and talent. They

could grow and build structures that incorporate and respond to the needs

of users.

Enhance the role of universities as co-creators and as interactive partners

in our innovation systems.

CNT Research at NUS

Research focused in Carbon BasedNanostructures and applications foraerospace structures and energydevices.

Understanding of heat conduction of CNTarrays

CNT-dispersed nano materials withindustrial interest through experimentaland computational studies.

http://cnt-nus.com/

Texas Southern University

A TSU team received a patent entitled “Instantaneous Electro

Deposition of Metal Nanostructures on Carbon Nanotubes.”

The patent provides an effective approach to fabricate metallized

carbon nanotubes, which may be easily scaled up for mass production

and widely used in industry as multifunctional nanomaterials.

This technology of metallized carbon nanotubes (such as gold and

silver-functionalized carbon nanotubes) may prove to be most valuable

to the Department of Defense in particularly the Air Force Research

Laboratory

http://www.tsu.edu/About/Administration/University_Advancement/Communicatio

ns/News_Reel/TexasSouthernUniversitysTeamReceivesPatentApproval.php

Barriers to entry

Customer base

• Defense Industry

• Aerospace Industry

• Consumer Electronics

• Sensitive Information

Testing Expertise

• Usage of Testing and Analysis Infrastructure

• Awareness of Standards

• Knowledge base to develop roadmaps

Strategic Alliances

• CNT Manufacturers

• Knowledge of developments in CNT materials

• Universities- for expertise and knowledge

Conclusion

ETS has the capabilities to introduce CNT

technology to its customers.

Entrance Barriers ensure ETS has

competitive advantage in the future.

ETS becomes the go-to company for CNT

Applications in Business.

Thank You!

With ETS

Without ETS

Backup

Types of CNTSingle-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT)

Rolled graphene sheet

Rolling angle and diameter determine the

properties of the nantube

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNT)

Multiple rolled layers of graphene

Carbon Nanobuds

Combining CNT and Fullerens

The various types of CNT enable a

huge variety of applications!http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_nanotube#Nanobud

Types of CNT The chemical bonding of nanotubes is composed entirely of sp2 bonds,

similar to those of graphite. These bonds, which are stronger than the

sp3 bonds found in alkanes and diamond, provide nanotubes with their

unique strength.

SWNTs are an important variety of carbon nanotube because most of

their properties change significantly with the (n,m) values.


Mechanical properties of CNT

Strongest and stiffest material discovered

regarding tensile strength and elastic

modulus

Single CNT are highly flexibility

Material Density

(kg/dm^3)

Elastic modulus

(TPa)

Tensile strength

(GPa)

Elongation

at break (%)

SWNT 1.3 – 2 1.3 - 2 13 – 53 16

MWNT 1.3 – 2 0.2 – 0.95 11 – 150 -

Stainless steel 7.8 0.186 – 0.214 0.38 15 - 50

Kevlar–29&149 1.4 0.06 – 0.18 3.6 – 3.8 ~2



O’Connell, Michael, at al.: “Carbon Nanotubes - Properties and Applications”, 2006

Electrical and thermal properties of

CNT

Thermal conductors along the fiber but insulators

in lateral direction

Electrical properties are strongly affected by the

structure of a nanotube:

Depending on structure CNT can either be metallic or

semiconductingMaterial

Thermal Conductivity𝑊

𝑚∙𝐾Electrical Conductivity

𝑺

𝒎

CNT > 3000 106 - 107

Copper 400 6 ∙ 107

Carbon Fiber - Pitch 1000 2 − 8.5 ∙ 107

Carbon Fiber - PAN 8 - 105 6.5 − 14 ∙ 107



Applications (examples)

Aerospace Industry:

CNT Composite Materials

Company: Nanocomp Technologies

Consumer electronics:

Nanobuds could enable the production of bendable

displays

Company: Canatu

http://www.nanocomptech.com/

http://www.canatu.com/

Introducing new Material

Technology

Fatigue and Fracture Standards for Aerospace.

Value Proposition

Busin

ess M

od

el

Open I

nnovationE

TS

Testing and Simulation Infrastructure

Design Innovation

Sales and Support

Knowledge of CNT Business

Research from Universities

Outsource research to institutes

Sustainable

High Revenue Model

Standards

General standards

ISO 9001:2000

EC machinery directive.

Vibration testing standards

International standards, e.g. MIL, ASTM, IEC, ISO, BS

E.g. ISO 2671

Manufacturing standards for CNT

Standards for characterization of CNT, e.g. ISO/TS 10797 and

ISO/TS 10798

Reference material for CNT, e.g. SRM 2483

ETS has the expertise in complying with the general and

vibration testing standards

http://etssolution-asia.com/testing-analysis/vibration-testing/

http://www.iso.org

http://www.nist.gov/mml/msed/cnt-122011.cfm