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A Keynote speech by Dr Domininc Cooper CFIOSH C.Psychol examining the 'true' success factors of Behavior-Based Safety from the 1970's to the present day. Behavio-Based Safety is still evolving to the point where it is effective in all workplaces, all of the time. Many implementations have been successful, but many have failed or faded away over the years. What can we learn from the past and the present to optimize future BBS implementations for the good of all? This tour of BBS examines the evolution of BBS, implementation strategies, and remaining challenges. Issues to be addressed include (but are not limited to): [1 Where BBS fits in an organizations Safety Culture [2] Who owns BBS? [3] The role of employees and managers [4] BBS design Issues [5] Integrating BBS into mainstream safety management systems
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© 1992-2009 B-Safe Management Solutions Inc. Franklin, IN, USA. All Rights Reserved
Behavior-Based Safety:PAST, PRESENT & FUTURE
B-Safe Management Solutions, Inc6648 East State Road 44
Franklin, IN ,46131+1 (317) 736 8980
Dr Dominic Cooper C.Psychol CFIOSH
Keynote SpeechBehavioralSafetyNow 09 Conference
Jacksonville, Florida, Oct.
© 1992-2009 B-Safe Management Solutions Inc. Franklin, IN, USA. All Rights Reserved
BBS History
• 1960’s – 1st formal study – Posters = Behavior Change– Fortune 500 companies begin use of behavioral
principles with Quality, Productivity
• 1970’s – Robust academic studies = Fledgling BBS movement
• 1980’s – US Academe & Commercialization = BBS providers
• 1990’s – BBS spreads to entire English speaking world
• 2000 plus – BBS spreads to become worldwide phenomena
© 1992-2009 B-Safe Management Solutions Inc. Franklin, IN, USA. All Rights Reserved
Three Traditions = BBS
SafetySafety (Systems) (Systems) BBSBBS
ManagementManagement(Culture)(Culture)
PsychologyPsychology (People)(People)
© 1992-2009 B-Safe Management Solutions Inc. Franklin, IN, USA. All Rights Reserved
What is BBS?
'A process that creates a safety partnership between management and the workforce by continually focusing everyone's attention and actions on their own, and others, safety behavior'.
the application of behavioral research on human performance to the problems of safety in the workplace.
Vs.
Academic
Practical
© 1992-2009 B-Safe Management Solutions Inc. Franklin, IN, USA. All Rights Reserved
People monitor their own behavior
Self -ManagedSelf -Managed
BBS Process Models
Supervisors are trained in the method, which they then apply to ‘hourly’ employees.
BBSBBS
Employee-led with management providing resources.
Safety partnership between Management and Employees.
Top-downTop-down Bottom-upBottom-up
CulturalCultural
© 1992-2009 B-Safe Management Solutions Inc. Franklin, IN, USA. All Rights Reserved
1968 – Applied Behavioral Analysis = Self-examining, self-evaluating, discovery-orientated procedure for identifying and changing behavior.
BehaviorsBehaviorsEverything wedo or don’t do
AntecedentsAntecedents• Policies• Planning• Materials• Equipment• Manpower Trigger Trigger
TriggerTrigger
MaintainMaintain
ConsequencesConsequences• Feedback
Job Progress Rewards Incidents
Can become.. Can become..
The Technology - What does the past tell us?
© 1992-2009 B-Safe Management Solutions Inc. Franklin, IN, USA. All Rights Reserved
The BBS Process - What does the past tell us?
1970’s to present[1] Select the behavior of concern[2] Define it [3] Develop a valid, reliable measurement system to monitor change [4] Arrange for the reinforcement of the behavior when it is performed
1980’s to present[5] Establish baseline of current performance [6] Set improvement targets or goals on basis of baseline score[7] Analyze the observation data to identify barriers
1990’s to present[8] Track the progress of corrective actions[9] Inclusion of managerial Safety Leadership
Future[10] Extend to behaviors that cover entire incident causation chain
© 1992-2009 B-Safe Management Solutions Inc. Franklin, IN, USA. All Rights Reserved
Three practical considerations for Industry:
1. The importance of the behaviours to be changed = target the 20% of behaviours causing 80% of the problem
2.The exact procedures that contribute to change = Observation / Coaching / Feedback / Targets, KPI’s, etc
3.The BBS procedures supporting change = Collating, Trending and Analyzing the data
The BBS Process - What does the past tell us?
© 1992-2009 B-Safe Management Solutions Inc. Franklin, IN, USA. All Rights Reserved
The Importance Of The Behaviours To Be Changed
The more specific the behaviors the bigger the impact!
Specific Vs. General
© 1992-2009 B-Safe Management Solutions Inc. Franklin, IN, USA. All Rights Reserved
Contact rate
The BBS Procedures Actually Contributing To Change
Observation Focus
Number of Feedback Channels
Technology X Process = Incident Reduction
Focus by Setting
Most Effective
Most Effective
Most Effective
Most Effective
© 1992-2009 B-Safe Management Solutions Inc. Franklin, IN, USA. All Rights Reserved
The BBS Procedures Supporting Change
Create Tabulated Feedback Reports Corrective Action Tracking
Data Analysis Check Impact on Injuries
© 1992-2009 B-Safe Management Solutions Inc. Franklin, IN, USA. All Rights Reserved
The Future of BBS
Back to the Past Widespread Use of Very Specific Behaviors Monitoring of Workgroups or Individuals by Type of Setting Increased Contact Rates
Into the Future Better Use of Data Use of More Feedback Channels Extend to other areas (e.g. Environment) to improve RoI Integrate BBS into Mainstream SMS Standardized Benchmarking
© 1992-2009 B-Safe Management Solutions Inc. Franklin, IN, USA. All Rights Reserved
The Future of BBS - Integrate BBS into Mainstream SMS
Extend BBS process to cover entire accident causation chain – i.e. CEO to workgroups
© 1992-2009 B-Safe Management Solutions Inc. Franklin, IN, USA. All Rights Reserved
Widespread use of BBS Maturity Ladder to Benchmark against best practice
The Future of BBS - Standardized BBS Benchmarking
© 1992-2009 B-Safe Management Solutions Inc. Franklin, IN, USA. All Rights Reserved
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