Natural Gas Underground

Storage2013

• Underground gas storage

Why Natural Gas Underground Storage in Turkey

• Demand for gas is increasing rapidly

• More gas will be used for power generation in the future (56% of gas is used for

power gen)

• Demand is expected to reach 76 bcm in 2030

• The supply sources for the additional demand needs to be secured.

• The supply security needs to be enhanced with increased storage capacity.

• Only TPAO has storage facility in Silivri, (1.6 bcm) and it is a depleted reservoir

• The need for storage in Turkey for its own use is at least 6 bcm to 12-15 bcm in

2030!

• the natural gas importing companies should have to store %10 of their imported

gas volume within the country (18.04.2001, 4646 Naural Gas Law)

Tuz Gölü UGS Project _1

4

Facility Specifications

Storage Place Tuz Gölü (Aksaray)

Storage Type Salt Dome

Storage Capacity 600 mcm (working gas)

Total Gas Volume

900 mcm (total Volume)

Injection Rate 10-11 mcm/day

Injection Time 60 days

Withdrawal Rate 20-22 mcm/day

Withdrawal Time 30 days

Injection Pressure

75-160 bar

Withdrawal Pressure

160-75 bar

In progress since 2001 and not expected to be commenced in the near future

Tuz Gölü UGS Project_2

Facility Specification

Underground Storage Types

A. Salt Caverns (ex: Botaş Salt Lake UGS, 1Bcm, not realized yet)B. Salt MinesC. AquifersD. Depleted Gas Reservoirs (ex: TPAO, Kuzey Marmara 1.6Bcm working) E. Hard Rock Caverns

Strage Types

Why to Build UGS in Salt Basins

•Salt caverns provide very high withdrawal and injection rates relative to their working gas capacity.

•Base gas requirements are relatively low.

•Cavern construction is more costly than depleted field conversions when measured on the basis of dollars per thousand cubic feet of working gas capacity, but the ability to perform several withdrawal and injection cycles each year reduces the per-unit cost of each thousand cubic feet of gas injected and withdrawn.

Salt Dome Thick Layerd Salt Thin Layered Salt

Storage Caverns

Solution MiningGeneral Leaching Process

Leaching Process Keys

1 Direct Solution Mining

2 Indirect Solution Mining

3 Wellhead4 Fresh Water Pumps5 Blanket System6 Separator7 Brine Pump Station8 Brine Disposal9 Water Supply

A Salt FormationB Overburden

Criteria for Underground Strage Places

• Salt deposits should exist

• These salt deposits should be thick enough with a thick overburden

• Fresh water resource should be close and charge should be enough to feed the solution mining

• The end product of solution mining is salty water and the disposal place should be close enough

• Underground storage should close to gas pipeline

• Two major basins inTurkey for UGS