1.Central Europe B2C E-commerce Report 2013 Facts, Figures & Trends of 2012 and Forecast 2013 of the Central European B2C E-commerce Market Including Infographics and Country Profiles of Leading and Emerging E-commerce Markets in Central EuropePowered by:www.ecommerce-europe.eu

2. Ecommerce Europewww.ecommerce-europe.eu 3. Table of Contents PREFACE ABOUT ECOMMERCE EUROPE POWERED BY MEDIA PARTNERS Central EUROPE IN BRIEF Introduction Demographic Indicators Economic Indicators B2C ECOMMERCE IN Central EUROPE Central Europe B2C Ecommerce Online expenditure B2C Ecommerce overview Central EUROPEAN COUNTRIES Austria Czech Republic Germany Hungary Poland Switzerland Ecommerce Europepage page page page page page page page page page page page page page page page page page page4 5 6 10 11 - 18 12 13 14 15 - 18 15 17 18 19 114 19 33 48 64 78 95HOW TO GET INVOLVED BUSINESS PARTNERS MEDIA PARTNERS ECOMMERCE EUROPE MEMBERSHIP MORE REPORTS ON B2C ECOMMERCE EUROPEAN MEASUREMENT STANDARD OF B2C ECOMMERCE (EMSEC) DEFINITIONS METHODOLOGY, ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS AND SOURCES ABOUT THE AUTHORS B2C ECOMMERCE IN EUROPE AT A GLANCE COLOPHONEwww.ecommerce-europe.eupage page page page page page111 112 113 114 115 116 118page page119-120 121page page page122 123 124Page 3 4. Central Europe B2C Ecommerce PrefaceB2C e-commerce in Central Europe is developing extremely well. In 2012 the total B2C e-commerce turnover, including online retail goods and services such as online travel bookings, events and other tickets, downloads etc., grew by nearly 20% to reach 75 bn. Ecommerce data in Ecommerce Europe reports are based on the European Measurement Standard for B2C Ecommerce (EMSEC). This Central European B2C Ecommerce Report 2013 focuses on facts, figures, trends and forecasts for the Central European region. Ecommerce Europe is also publishing regional reports covering the other European regions: North, Central, East and West. In this report we compare key e-commerce and other data from Austria, Poland, Germany, Hungary and Switzerland. Ecommerce Europe, representing e-commerce associations and e-commerce companies in Europe, wishes to thank all participating national associations and their individual research partners for providing data and information. We also extend our thanks to all participating company members, business partners and stakeholders for their involvement in making Ecommerce Europe reports possible. A special word of thanks to GfK for their close cooperation and involvement as well as granting access to exclusive data on industry sectors. Ecommerce EuropeEcommerce Europes mission is to promote the interests of B2C ecommerce in Europe. Ecommerce Europe offers a platform to guide and assist companies in identifying and accessing new markets in Europe and worldwide and also to provide information on this fascinating, fast-growing industry. To this end, Ecommerce Europe not only collects data and know-how, but also prepares in-depth reports including facts, figures, trends and forecasts on Europe, the various regions of Europe, and on leading and emerging countries and markets around the globe. The aim of all our reports is to provide insight in order to help online retailers make the best possible decisions in support of their strategy to expand their business into new markets. Brussels, January 2014 Wijnand JongenFranois MomboisseVice-President and Chair of the Executive CommitteePresident of Ecommerce Europewww.ecommerce-europe.euPage 4 5. About Ecommerce Europe National Associations: Ecommerce Europe Ecommerce Europe was founded by leading national e-commerce associations across Europe. Ecommerce Europe represents 4.000+ companies selling products and/or services online to consumers in Europe.Mission To advance the interests and influence of e-commerce in Europe through advocacy, communication and networking.Goals Enhance the success of the European B2C e-commerce industry; Provide for a strong and effective representation of B2C e-commerce industry in Brussels; Advance the interest of B2C e-commerce industry with relevant stakeholders and institutions; In an environment where e-commerce companies feel at home; With new brand recognition and membership engagement at all levels.National Associations Ecommerce Europe welcomes and invites national associations in EU member states and EFTA countries representing (part of) the e-commerce B2C industry in their domestic market to join the association. Ecommerce Europewww.ecommerce-europe.euPage 5 6. Our Report PartnersThis report is powered by the following partners Hybris helps businesses on every continent sell more goods, services and digital content through every touch point, channel and device. Hybris was founded in 1997 with a simple mission: to create superbly engineered commerce solutions. Over the years, the necessary ingredients for that have evolved multichannel, open standards, very high performance, data centricity, customer centricity and so our company and products have evolved.RichRelevance is the global leader in omni-channel personalization. More than 160 companies in 40 countries use RichRelevance to turn data into actionable insight, which delivers the most relevant experience for consumers as they shop across web, store and mobile. RichRelevance drives more than one billion decisions every day, and has delivered over $8 billion in attributable sales to its clients, which include Target, Marks & Spencer and PriceMinister.Salesupply is a global e-business services company that enables online retailers to achieve profitable international growth faster, more efficiently and with relatively low costs. Salesupply provides a full range of solutions ranging from research and strategy, to effective localisation of web shops, followed by complete operational support, traffic generation and brand management. Ecommerce Europewww.ecommerce-europe.euPage 6 7. E-Commerce in Poland has attracted a lot of attention Online success in each Central European country needs a tailored approach There is a big quantitative gap between the markets analyzed in this reports: Germany with its population of 82 Million people generated an online turnover of more than 50bn in 2012, which is more than five times the volume of the runner up, Austria. The enormous difference in (market) sizes makes it difficult to compare these markets. However, each market shows individual growth potentials that are interesting to look at. In Germany, we still see the remnants of a strong and deeply rooted culture of mail order distance selling. It is a tradition many businesses are only gradually abandoning. In addition, it is one of reasons behind Germanys comparatively high return rates: Mail ordering had the customers used to ordering various sizes and returning all that would not fit.The Polish market has in recent times attracted the attention of many large international multichannel players, such as Tesco and Carrefour, and of course pureplay giant Amazon. As in all other European regions, it is extremely important to evaluate the singularities of each market before entering it. The DACH region for instance does indeed consist of three German speaking markets, but selling to Switzerland as a non- EU country demands a completely different approach than to GermanyPoland for instance is an impressive example of a post-communist European member state that has succeeded in sustainably growing its internal market. This also shows in the fact that its e-commerce growth is the strongest in Europe.Henning Heesen E-Commerce Cross-Border-Specialist and Board member of Salesupply AG Ecommerce Europewww.ecommerce-europe.euPage 7 8. Central Europe offers countless opportunities! Online shoppers become increasingly interested in cross-border purchasesThe central European E-Commerce market is a very interesting one. The strongest region is the DACH Region comprising Germany, Austria and Switzerland, three very mature economies that have German as (one of the) official language(s). There is a considerable cross-border exchange of goods ordered online between these countries. Many traditional German mail-order retailers are already offering their products in the neighboring German speaking markets for a long time. Swiss consumers are very active cross-border shoppers: they have ordered goods worth 657mn from foreign websites in the past year. One factor contributing to this is the fact that this relatively small country has comparatively high prices and that French and Italian are also official languages, which makes web shops form these countries more accessible for Swiss consumers.Hungary, Poland and the Czech Republic are young European Member States with a post- communist context; all three showing a promising market consolidation. As internet penetration is increasing, online shopping is becoming easier. Many foreign brands have launched their international e-commerce site in e.g. Polish in order to better target this market. In markets such as Poland, the demand for products from other markets, e.g. from UK brands, is steeply increasing, which is positive for online retailers. Altogether, the Central European Region is a very diverse one but nonetheless extremely promising market with countless opportunities in e-commerce!Germany is of course a very interesting market for foreign online retailers: A high internet penetration, paired with rather affluent consumers and a deeply rooted mail order culture. Although the younger generation is increasingly hungry for new, exotic trends, in general it is very important to adjust your online offer to German expectations: Impeccable translation, detailed information, excellent customer service- and dont forget about the high return rates! Ecommerce Europewww.ecommerce-europe.euPontus Kristiansson Vice President EMEA RichRelevance Page 8 9. The e in e-commerce is disappearingOffering a seamless experience across all touch-points is key for cross border growth What is your general impression of e-commerce in Europe? The e of e-commerce is disappearing. Online is a very important element in the route a customer follows, from the moment he or she has an idea to the actual transaction: the purchase path. E-commerce is no longer a thing that companies do as an additional channel, it has reached a phase of maturity and is now a fully integrated component of the customers purchasing journey. Which European regions do you consider the most promising and why? Russia and Turkey are both important emerging European markets. However, we also need to consider Scandinavia. Scandinavia was hit harshly by the bursting of the dot-com bubble around the year 2000; the market grew more slowly than for example in the UK. Scandinavia is however now picking up pace. What do you consider the important trends to be? The dominant trend is mobile: mobile commerce and mobile payments. Interesting possibilities consist, for example, in the ability to track customers, the integration of mobile into offline shop processes and the use of NFC technology for payments. Imagine that shop staff is equipped with a tablet that enables them to help the customer in a completely new way, even taking care of the checkout process. In short, the whole POS is going through a transition with mobile being a key element of this change. What in your opinion is this years most overrated e-commerce trend? I believe QR Codes have been an overrated trend: it is too difficult to use, what with starting your app, having an Internet connection, scanning the code -altogether too complicated! Ecommerce EuropeWhich challenges do online retailers underestimate the most when expanding their e-business across Europe? Patience is key. Those new markets will still be out there in two years. If a company has 100 employees in The Netherlands and then tries to enter the German market with two dedicated staff members, this is not going to work. Selling in foreign markets is full of complexities. If companies want to succeed, they need to do it step by step, with a mature team and with patience. Is there anything else you would like to share with our readers? I believe pure-players are being challenged by Amazon: Amazon wants to control 26% of the global e-commerce market by 2016. They are heavily investing in growth right now. Retailers who want to set themselves apart have to keep in mind that clients are seeking an omni-channel experience. I would strongly advise pure-players to go offline in regions where they have many customers. Research has shown that customers of omni-channel retailers are 200% more loyal than customers of pure players. Again, this is because of the role that different sales channels play in the customer journey from the instant that interest is ignited to the moment of sale: 50% of people will change from channel in every step they make in their purchasing journey. Many retailers are losing clients because they fail to offer a seamless experience across all touch-points.www.ecommerce-europe.euHenk-Jan van der Weide VP Northern Europe & SA at hybris Page 9 10. Our Media PartnersInterested in becoming a media partner? Contact us at info@ecommerce-europe.eu Ecommerce Europe media partners are (inter)national publishers and/or publications related to the European e-commerce industry. As the Internet continues to become a part of almost every aspect of our lives, the growing internationalization of the online retail sector places increasing demands on e-tailers to make rapid preparations for cross-border activity. Actors in the online trade sector are constantly being confronted with new challenges concerning legal issues, pricing, shipping, payment and supply. Strong partnerships are vital in order to tap into the cross-border market, optimise trade flows and ultimately increase profitability. Ecommerce Europe is looking for media partners who publish on e-commerce in the following sectors: Affiliate marketing Customer service E-commerce systems Email marketing Fulfilment Hosting Payment solutions Research & consultancy Search Engine Optimization Etc. Ecommerce Europewww.ecommerce-europe.eu 11. Central Europe2012 Key e-commerce facts at a glance PolandGermany165 million100%people live in Central Europe79%131 millionCzech Republic 41%SlovakiaAustriapeople use the internet68 millionHungaryEurope 312 bn + 19,0% EU 28 277 bn + 18,0% Central Europe 75,9 bn + 19,9%47% ServicesTotal B2C Ecommerce 2012 of goods & servicesPolish national E-commerce association: Austrian national E-commerce association:53% GoodsRanking Central Europe in turnover (EUR million)E-commerce GDP Total GDP 4.201 bnTurnover eCommerce Goods & servicespeople are e-shoppersSwitzerland1,81% 75,9 bn1 231 2 3 4 5 6 7 8Germany Austria Switzerland Poland Czech Republic Hungary Slovakia Slovenia 50.000 9.800 9.100 4.181 1.800 675 275 1504,8%Estimated share of online retail in total retailEstimated 72% of active internet users are on social mediaPowered by: Ecommerce Europe 2013 www.ecommerce-europe.eu info: research@ecommerce-europe.eu 12. Central Europe in Brief IntroductionThe Central European region on which this Central EUROPES POPULATION Share of Central European population, 01 January 2013 report focuses covers the following Austria; countries (in alphabetic order): Austria, Slovenia; Switzerland; 5,1% 4,8% 1,2% Czech Republic; Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Slovakia; 6,4% Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia and 3,3% Switzerland. Switzerland is the only nonHungary; member 6,0% of the European Union. The eight countries cover an area of 1.036,000 km, or 4.3% of the 23.9 million km of the European continent (including Russia and Turkey). Germany is the leading country of the region, with respect to the number of inhabitants, the size of the economy and B2C e-commerce. It is also the leading economy of Europe and second to the UK regarding B2C e-commerce turnover. The total population of the region is 165,0 million inhabitants or close to 20.2% of the total European population. Ecommerce EuropeGermany Poland Czech Republic SlovakiaHungarySwitzerlandPoland; 23,4% Germany; 49,7%AustriaWithin Central Europe, Germany has the largest number of inhabitants (81,8mn), followed by Poland (38,5mn). Czech Republic has 10,5mn inhabitants; Hungary 9,9 mn; Austria 8,4 mn; Switzerland 7,9mn. Slovakia en Slovenia have the smallest number of inhabitants: respectively 5,4mn and 2,0mn. www.ecommerce-europe.euPage 12 13. B2C E-commerce in Central Europe E-commerce share in EuropeE-commerce share in Europe South 10%Central 22%East 7%North 9%West 52%Average annual online sales growth since 2009 (CAGR)+23% Ecommerce EuropeIn terms of B2C e-commerce, the region is second to the Western European region. Total B2C e-commerce turnover (including online goods and services) reached 76,3bn last year, an increase of 20,5% compared to 2011. The 2012 share of e-commerce in the regions GDP was 1,8%. As in other parts of Europe, online Internet penetration and purchasing still widely differ in the various countries of Central Europe, according to the maturity of the market, the level of trust, the availability of the offer, the penetration of reliable payment options, reliable and affordable delivery options as well as Internet usage and penetration and consequently the number of e-shoppers. Online sales grew yearly on average with 20% per year since 2010. The forecast is that growth will slow down, but still reach high single or low double-digits figures through to 2015.www.ecommerce-europe.euM-commerce is set to boost regional esales in the coming years. The share is forecast to double this year to reach over 14% on average. Central Europe (75,9bn) makes up 24,4% of the total online sales in Europe (311,5bn) in 2012.While these figures are impressive, what is even more interesting for online retail are the numbers of e-shoppers and households not only connected to the Internet but actually shopping online (ehouseholds) and which goods and services they like to buy online. All eight countries have an excellent to very good logistics infrastructure. On the Logistics Performance Index all eight rank between 4 -50 out of 156 countries. The Ranking is as follows: Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Poland, Slovenia, Hungary, Czech Republic and Slovakia.Page 15 14. B2C E-commerce in Central Europe Online ExpenditureCentral European consumers spent on average 1.219 online in 2012. This is far above the EU28 and European average of 1.234 and 1.402 respectively. Austrians spent most online in 2012 with an amount of 2.085. Switzerland ranks second with an average spend of 1.750. Germany is third in rank with respect to online spending (1.351).Central EUROPES B2C E-COMMERCEExpenditure per online shopper, in euros, 2012These countries are followed by the Czech Republic with an average spend of 581, Poland with 422 and Hungary with 422. 2.085 1.750 1.402 1.234 1.351 1.219 581 422 465 212EU28 Ecommerce EuropeEuropeCentral EuropeAustriawww.ecommerce-europe.euCzech RepublicGermanyHungaryPolandSlovakia 349Slovenia Switzerland Page 17 15. Country Report Austria 2013 Facts, Figures & Trends of 2012 and Forecast 2013 of the Austrian B2C E-commerce MarketIn cooperation with: aCommerce Teamwww.ecommerce-europe.eu 16. Austria 2012 Key data at a glance 8,4 millionVienna 9,8 bnpeople live in Austria100%79% 55%E-commerce turnover Goods & services6,6 million people use the internet4,7 million people are e-shoppersEurope 312 bn + 19,0% EU 28 277 bn + 18,0% Central Europe 75,9 bn +19,9% Austria 9,8 bn +16,7% Total B2C Ecommerce 2012 of goods & servicesE-commerce GDP3,19%Total GDP 307,0bn Austrian Trustmark: Austrian national E-commerce association:48,8%Ranking Northern Europe in turnover (EUR million)1 231 2 3 4 5 6 7 8Germany Austria Switzerland Poland Czech Republic Hungary Slovakia Slovenia51,2%Austrian e- shoppers 50.000 9.800 9.100 4.181 1.800 675 275 1506,4%Estimated share of online retail in total retail26% of the population uses FacebookPowered by: Ecommerce Europe 2013 www.ecommerce-europe.eu info: research@ecommerce-europe.eu 17. Austria in brief Country profileArea: 83.858 km2 Capital: Vienna Currency: Euro (EUR)Institution: Federal Republic Internet access: 79 % URL country code: .at Official language: German Widely spoken foreign language(s): English, Slovene and HungarianAustria, officially the Republic of Austria, is a federal republic and a landlocked country of roughly 8,47 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north, Hungary and Slovakia to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west.German in its standard form is the country's official language. Austria is a semi-presidential, parliamentary representative democracy comprising nine federal states. The capital and largest city, with a population exceeding 1,7 million, is Vienna.The territory of Austria covers 83.855 square kilometres. Austria's terrain is highly mountainous due to the presence of the Alps; only 32% of the country is below 500 metres, and its highest point is 3.798 metres.Austria joined the European Union in 1995, and is a founding member of the OECD. Austria also signed the Schengen Agreement in 1995, and adopted the European currency, the euro, in 1999.79%of 8,4 million Austrians used the Internet in 2012Source: Eurostat, Wikipedia, 2013 Ecommerce Europewww.ecommerce-europe.euPage 21 18. B2C E-commerce in Austria Expert opinion"The Austrian ecommerce market is currently evolving - we were not first movers in the market, but now as we see which strategies work in which industrie we are speeding up and doing our best to keep up with Germany & Switzerland. The aCommerce Team as Austrian eCommerce Association will do its best to support the Austrian eCommerce market with Know How to keep the momentum.Stephan Grad, Director of aCommerce Team Ecommerce Europewww.ecommerce-europe.euPage 25 19. B2C E-commerce in Austria Online Population and ExpenditureAUSTRIAS B2C E-COMMERCE Expenditure per online shopperYearEUR2013(e) 2.3342012 2.0852011At the end of 2012 there were 2,9 million e-households in Austria. The average expenditure was 2.085 per e-household. 1.7872010 1.383Source: Ecommerce Europe 2013Austria has a population of 8,4 million people. Nearly 6,5 million persons are connected to the Internet.Inactive online populationSource: Ecommerce Europe 2013In total just over 4,7 million online buyers have bought goods and services online for 9,8 billion in 2012. 1,9 million persons have access to Internet but are not (yet) purchasing goods or services online.Online buyers 4,7 millionOnline Population 6,5 millionPopulation 8,4 million Ecommerce Europewww.ecommerce-europe.euPage 29 20. Country Report Czech Republic 2013 Facts, Figures & Trends of 2012 and Forecast 2013 of the Czech B2C E-commerce Marketwww.ecommerce-europe.eu 21. Czech Republic 2012 Key data at a glance 10,5 million 70%Prague 2,1 bnpeople live in Czech100%57%E-commerce turnover Goods & services7,5 million people use the internet6 million people are e-shoppers28% Services 72% GoodsEurope 312 bn + 19,0% EU 28 277 bn + 18,0% Central Europe 75,9 bn + 19,9% Czech Republic 2,1 bn + 19,6%Ranking Central Europe in turnover (EUR million)Total B2C Ecommerce 2012 of goods & servicesE-commerce GDP1,18%Total GDP 152,9 bn Czech Trustmark: Czech national E-commerce association:1 231 2 3 4 5 6 7 8Germany Austria Switzerland Poland Czech Republic Hungary Slovakia Slovenia 50.000 9.800 9.100 4.181 1.800 675 275 1502,7%Estimated share of online retail in total retailEstimated 54% social media usersPowered by: Ecommerce Europe 2013 www.ecommerce-europe.eu info: research@ecommerce-europe.eu 22. Czech Republic in brief Key economic indicatorsCzechS GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT PER CAPITA Current prices, 2009 - 2012The small, open, export-driven Czech economy remains sensitive to changes in the economic performance of its main export markets, especially Germany. The auto industry remains the largest single industry, and, together with its upstream suppliers, accounts for nearly 24% of Czech manufacturing. Foreign and domestic businesses alike voice concerns about corruption especially in public procurement.In EUR2013 (f) 14.750 14.5002011 14.8002010The Czech consumer confidence is going up since January 2012.Year2012The Czech GDP per capita at current prices in 2012 was 20.200. 14.3002009 13.500Source: Eurostat and IMF World Economic Outlook 2013Czech CONSUMER CONFIDENCE INDEX CCI on a three-month basis, 2012 - 2013jul-12apr-13jul-13-20,8% -29,8%jan-13oct-13jan-14-14,3%-29,3%oct-12-19,0%-14,5%-26,0%Source: Tradingeconomics.com and ISAE/ISTAT National Statistics office 2012 - 2013 Ecommerce Europewww.ecommerce-europe.euPage 38 23. B2C M-commerce in Czech Republic M-commerceMobile subscriptions Top 10 Online purchased reached 151 goods and services: per 100 Source: FDIH Denmark 1. Travel and households Cultural Activities in 2012. 2. Film, Music, Books, How do Czechs Games buy Toys 3. on their mobile 4. Clothing, Shoes and devices? Jewelry 5. IT, Telecom and Photo Penetration levels (in %) TOP 3 MOBILE PAYMENTS 1. Internet delivery Cash on 2. MobileTransfer Bank 3. Smartphone Credit Card TabletMobile is becoming a key platform, and as mobiles get smarter and connections get faster, Internet access in Czech Republic is undergoing a stepchange from fixed Internet to mobile. 49% of Internet users do not use mobile equipment for shopping at all. As many as 86% are satisfied with online shopping and 14% have had an negative experience.Percentage of total population, 201230% Ecommerce EuropeCustomers use the handsets to buy products including: Public transport Tickets, Parking, Digital content Event tickets, Telecommunications operators state that more than 11% of Czech mobile customers already use their mobile devices as a means of paymentCZECH AGE STRUCTURE OF MOBILE SHOPPERS 29% 25%Source: Mobilepaymentsworld 201213% 3% 18-24Source: Worldbank.org, TNS Italia survey 2011POPULAR GOODS AND SERVICES PURCHASED THROUGH A MOBILE DEVICE25-3435-4445-5455+Source: Ecommerce Europewww.ecommerce-europe.euPage 45 24. Country Report Germany 2013 Facts, Figures & Trends of 2012 and Forecast 2013 of the German B2C E-commerce Marketwww.ecommerce-europe.eu 25. Germany2012 Key data at a glance 81,8 million 100%Berlin 85% 5% 50 bnpeople live in Germany E-commerce turnover Goods & services69,5 millionpeople use the internet37 million people are e-shoppers50% 50% Services GoodsEurope 312 bn + 19,0% EU 28 277 bn + 18,0% Central Europe 75,9 bn +19,9% Germany 50 bn +21,6% Total B2C Ecommerce 2012 of goods & servicesE-commerce GDP1,88%Total GDP 2.666,4 bn German Trustmark: German national E-commerce association:1 23Ranking Central Europe in turnover (EUR million) 1 Germany 2 Austria 3 Switzerland 4 Poland 5 Czech Republic 6 Hungary 7 Slovakia 8 Slovenia 50.000 9.800 9.100 4.181 1.800 675 275 1506,6%Estimated share of online retail in total retailEstimated 57% social media usersPowered by: Ecommerce Europe 2013 www.ecommerce-europe.eu info: research@ecommerce-europe.eu 26. Germany in Brief Key Demographic IndicatorsTotal population: 81.843.743Germany covers an area of 357.022 square kilometers with a population of 10,5 million inhabitants.The median age is 45 years. The largest share of the population (42,0%) is between 25-54 years old.49,1 Median age: Male: Female:50,9 45,7 years 44,7 years 46,8 yearsPopulation growth-0,2%Germany has 40,7 million households. Approximately 61% live in urban areasGerman is the official language. English and French are widely spoken foreign languages.GERMANYS AGE STRUCTURE By Age Group, 2012The population is shrinking at an average annual rate of -0,19%. The demographic development is characterized by three trends: increasing longevity, decreasing birth rates and an increasing percentage of population from foreign origin.20,9% 13,1%0-1415-2413,3%10,8%25-5455-6465+ Source:Worldfactbook, 2013Source: World Bank2013 Ecommerce Europe42,0%www.ecommerce-europe.euPage 51 27. B2C E-commerce in Germany Cross - BorderAccording to research by OC&C, German online retailers sold products worth 423mn to French customers and goods worth 175mn to Dutch customers in 2013.GermanyGerman customers ordered goods worth 200mn from Great Britain and packages containing merchandise for approximately 263mn came from the US. The trade surplus of German crossborder online sales over purchases is valued by OC&C at 13mn.GERMANYS CROSS- BORDER E-COMMERCE Percentage of e-commerce purchased at foreign sites, 2009-201313% 10%6%6%200920107%201120122013 (e) Source: Ecommerce Europe 2013 Ecommerce Europewww.ecommerce-europe.euPage 59 28. Country Report Hungary 2013 Facts, Figures & Trends of 2012 and Forecast 2013 of the Hungarish B2C E-commerce Marketwww.ecommerce-europe.eu 29. Hungary2012 Key data at a glance 9,9 million people live in Hungary100%Budapest68,7% 16,2%6,8 million 675 mn E-commerce turnover Goods & servicespeople use the internet1,6 million people are e-shoppers40% 60% Services GoodsEurope 312 bn + 19,0% EU 28 277 bn + 18,0% Central Europe 75,9 bn +19,9% Hungary 675 mn +35,5% Ranking Northern Europe in turnover (EUR million)Total B2C Ecommerce 2012 of goods & servicesE-commerce GDP2,3%Total GDP 96.968 mn Hungarian Trustmark:Hungarian national E-commerce association1 231 2 3 4 5 6 7 8Germany Austria Switzerland Poland Czech Republic Hungary Slovakia Slovenia 50.000 9.800 9.100 4.181 1.800 675 275 1501,2%Estimated share of online retail in total retailEstimated 47% social media usersPowered by: Ecommerce Europe 2013 www.ecommerce-europe.eu info: research@ecommerce-europe.eu 30. B2C E-commerce in Hungary Share of goods and servicesThe turnover of online goods Top 10 Online purchased were estimated at 60% of total goods and services: online sales at 675 mn. Source: FDIH Denmark 1. Travel and Cultural Activities 2. Film, Music, Books, Games 3. Toys Service 40% 4. Clothing, Shoes and Jewelry 5. IT, Telecom and Photo Goods 60%Penetration levels (in %) Internet Mobile Smartphone Tablet675 mnThe shares of online goods and services in 2012 were 60% or in turnover 405 million for online goods and 270 million e-services, which is 40%. In 2012, approximately 23% of all Internet users made purchases online,. The share of online transactions in total retail sales continued to rise to 1,7% in 2012. This was an increase of 14% over 2011. This share is expected to continue to grow this year as more Internet-users are getting more confident in shopping online.The double-digit growth of sales via the Internet is promising.total online sales Ecommerce Europewww.ecommerce-europe.euSource: Ecommerce Europe 2013 422 Average expenditure 2012 per e-shopperPage 72 31. Country Report Poland 2013 Facts, Figures & Trends of 2012 and Forecast 2013 of the Poland B2C E-commerce Market Prepared by Ecommerce Europe in cooperation with e-Commerce Polska, the Association for E-commerce in PolandIn cooperation with: E-commerce Polskawww.ecommerce-europe.eu 32. Poland 2012 Key data at a glance 38,5 million 4.181 mnpeople live in Poland100%70%Warsaw 23%E-commerce turnover Goods & services26,9 million people use the internet9 million people are e-shoppers63% ServicesEurope 312 bn + 19,0% EU 28 277 bn + 18,0% Central Europe 75,9 bn +19,9% Poland 4,1 bn +24,9%Ranking Central Europe in turnover (EUR million)Total B2C Ecommerce 2012 of goods & servicesE-commerce GDP1,10%Total GDP 381.204 mn Poland Trustmark: No Trustmark available Poland national E-commerce association E-commerce Polska37% Goods1 231 2 3 4 5 6 7 8Germany Austria Switzerland Poland Czech Republic Hungary Slovakia Slovenia 50.000 9.800 9.100 4.181 1.800 675 275 1501,7%Estimated share of online retail in total retailEstimated 57% social media users Estimated 54% social media usersPowered by: Ecommerce Europe 2013 www.ecommerce-europe.eu info: research@ecommerce-europe.eu 33. Poland in brief Country profileArea: 312.685 km2 Capital: Warsaw Currency: Zloty (PLN)Institution: Republic Internet access: 70 % URL country code: .pl Official languages: Polish Widely spoken foreign language(s): GermanThe Republic of Poland, is located in Central Europe, bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast (a Russian enclave) and Lithuania to the north. The total area of Poland is 312,685 square kilometres making it the 69th largest country in the world and the 9th largest in Europe. With a population of over 38.5 million people, Poland is the 34th most populous country in the world and the sixth most populous member of the European Union.Poland is a unitary state consisting of 16 voivodeships or provinces. During the early 1990s Poland was able to transform its economy into one of the most robust in Central Europe. Poland joined the European Union in 2004. The official language in. n Poland is Polish (97.8% speak Polish at home). English and German are the main foreign languages spoken.70%Of 26,9 million Poles used the Internet in 2012Source: Eurostat, Wikipedia, 2013 Ecommerce Europewww.ecommerce-europe.euPage 80 34. B2C e-commerce in Poland Main markets and players The Polish group Allegro.pl, operating amongst others a marketplace, remains the unchallengesd local market leader. Next to nearly 11 million active users, it boasts a brand awareness of more than 88%. However, foreign competitors such as Groupon and eBay are catching up. There are many foreign players active on the Polish market, such as Tchibo (Germany), BonPrix (France), Zalando (Germany), Amazon (USA).Groceries ordered frequently online are coffee/tea, bulk goods, sweets, drinks and spices Ecommerce EuropeTop 5 most popular E-Commerce Sites in Poland 1. Allegro.pl (Group) (10 .842 .351 real users) 2. Nokaut.pl (2.539.272) 3. Groupon (2.531.361) 4. Okazje.info (2.100.810) 5. Skapiec.pl (1.610.672)Source: Megapanel/PBISource: Megapanel/PBIThe most popular price comparison sites in Poland are Ceneo.pl (Allegro Group), Nokaut.pl, Okazje.info.pl and skapiec.plwww.ecommerce-europe.euTOP 3 Group Buying SitesRank 1Groupon.pl2Gruper.pl3Citeam.plPage 89 35. Country Report Switzerland 2013 Facts, Figures & Trends of 2012 and Forecast 2013 of the Swiss B2C E-commerce Market Prepared by Ecommerce Europe in cooperation with VSV ASVAD, the Association for E-commerce in Switzerlandwww.ecommerce-europe.eu 36. Switzerland 2012 Key data at a glance 9,1bn7,9 millionpeople live in Switzerland E-commerce turnover Goods & services100%80%Bern66%6,3 millionpeople use the internet5,2 million people are e-shoppers63% ServicesEurope 312 bn + 19,0% EU 28 277 bn + 18,0% Central Europe 75,9 bn +19,9% Switzerland 9,1 bn +15,5%Ranking Central Europe in turnover (EUR million)Total B2C Ecommerce 2012 of goods & servicesE-commerce GDP1,85%Total GDP 491,1 bn Swiss Trustmark: GARANTIE Swiss national E-commerce association VSV ASVAD37% Goods1 231 2 3 4 5 6 7 8Germany Austria Switzerland Poland Czech Republic Hungary Slovakia Slovenia 50.000 9.800 9.100 4.181 1.800 675 275 1505,0%Estimated share of online retail in total retailEstimated 54% social media users Estimated 59% social media usersPowered by: Ecommerce Europe 2013 www.ecommerce-europe.eu info: research@ecommerce-europe.eu 37. B2C E-commerce in Switzerland Market SectorsSwitzerlandS B2C E-COMMERCE Percentage of online buyers having purchased an item from these categories in 2012 and 2013 Market sectors (in %)20122013Multimedia, Electronics28,2%28,7%Clothing & Accessories26,9%27,1%Food16,6%16,1%Home and Living8,0% 6,8%6,1%Other13,5%13,9%With a share of 16,1%, Switzerland has a very well developed online food market. In 2013, Swiss online buyers bought groceries worth 608mn.8,1%CDs, DVDs, BooksDespite Multimedia and Electronics heading up the ranking of products sold online in terms of turnover, the category of which most items are shipped in quantitative terms are Clothing and Accessories. The return rate in this sector is with 44% comparatively high.Click & Collect grocery services are offered by e.g. Coop@Home and LeShop.Top sites visited in Switzerland are:Source: VSV ASVAD / GFK February 2014Rank 1Ricardo.ch2Amazon.com3eBay.de4Swiss Railways5 Ecommerce EuropeOnline retailersApple.comwww.ecommerce-europe.euPage 104 38. Online payments and preferences Payments & VAT72% of the Swiss mobile users still would prefer to use a laptop/desktop to make the purchase. 26% still dont feel secure. 14% still find mobile purchase too complicated. 10% complains that certain payment features were not available (credit card) and 9% think that payment is still too complex.TOP ONLINE PAYMENT METHODS In percentage of total online population PostFinance; 7,7% Cash on delivery; 6,6% Invoice; 18,2%Direct Debet; 7,1%Credit cards; 16,8%Cash payment ; 9,5%Web shops with a turnover exceeding CHF 100.000 per year must be registered for VAT in Switzerland.SOFORT; 9,5%Advanced payment; Paypal; 12,7% 10,9%VAT overview SwitzerlandSource: Ecommerce Europe 2013Threshold Standard VAT rate2,5%Where to registerStandard VAT-rate8%Reduced VAT rates8%CHF 100.000Swiss Federal Tax Administration and Swiss Federal Customs AdministrationSource: International VAT Management, Van Driel Fruijtier Resseler Ecommerce Europewww.ecommerce-europe.euPage 110 39. Ecommerce Europe How to get involved?Who can be involved? E-commerce associations, voting members of Ecommerce Europe: association membership Companies selling products and/or services online: EU webshop register / company membership Preferred suppliers to the European e-commerce industry: business partnership Organizations and NGOs related to e-commerce industry: associative partnership European institutions, consumer organizations and stakeholders: partners for dialogue Why get involved? Be a part, get involved or stay informed on public affairs initiatives that define your business. Take advantage of research publications, receive several B2C E-commerce Reports for free. Learn from position papers, webinars and white papers by leading ecommerce associations, companies and preferred business partners. Show youre engaged by displaying the Ecommerce Europe member or business partner logo. Network, meet and greet with colleagues at Round Tables sessions in European capitals and at the yearly Global E-commerce Summit. Ecommerce Europewww.ecommerce-europe.euPage 111 40. Our Business PartnersInterested in becoming a business partner? Contact info@ecommerce-europe.eu Ecommerce Europewww.ecommerce-europe.euPage 112 41. Our Media PartnersInterested in becoming a media partner? Contact us at info@ecommerce-europe.eu Ecommerce Europe media partners are (inter)national publishers and/or publications related to the European e-commerce industry. As the Internet continues to become a part of almost every aspect of our lives, the growing internationalization of the online retail sector places increasing demands on e-tailers to make rapid preparations for cross-border activity. Actors in the online trade sector are constantly being confronted with new challenges concerning legal issues, pricing, shipping, payment and supply. Strong partnerships are vital in order to tap into the cross-border market, optimise trade flows and ultimately increase profitability. Ecommerce Europe is looking for media partners who publish on e-commerce in the following sectors: Affiliate marketing Customer service E-commerce systems Email marketing Fulfilment Hosting Payment solutions Research & consultancy Search Engine Optimization Etc. Ecommerce Europewww.ecommerce-europe.euPage 113 42. Ecommerce Europe membershipInterested? Feel free to contact us: info@ecommerce-europe.eu Company MembersBusiness partnersEcommerce Europe Company Members are B2C companies selling products and/or services online to consumers in Europe. Company membership is open to all B2C online companies at 950 per year.Ecommerce Europe business partners are preferred suppliers of the European e-commerce industry. The cost is 8,500 per year upon balloting.Benefits for COMPANY MEMBERS include:Benefits for PREFFERED BUSINESS PARTNERS include: Exclusive Ecommerce Europe business partner logo Yearly European B2C E-commerce Report (1,950) 5 Regional Reports on European B2C E-commerce (3,950) 2 Full Conference Packages Global E-commerce Summit Free entrance to 3 Ecommerce Europe pre-conferences Free entrance to Round Table meetings in 8 European cities Pro-active involvement white papers and position papers Ecommerce EuropeExclusive Ecommerce Europe business partner logo Yearly European B2C E-commerce Report (1,950) 5 Regional Reports on European B2C E-commerce (3,950) 2 Full Conference Packages Global E-commerce Summit Free entrance to 3 Ecommerce Europe pre-conferences Free entrance to Round Table meetings in 8 European cities Pro-active involvement white papers and position paperswww.ecommerce-europe.euPage 114 43. Ecommerce Europes reports on B2C e- commerce Interested? Order at research@ecommerce-europe.eu European B2C Ecommerce Report 2013: 1.950Global B2C Ecommerce Report 2013: 2.4505 European regional reports 2013: 790 per report including 30 Infographics and in-depth Country ProfilesRegional /continental reports: 950 per report North America: USA, Mexico and Canada Latin America: Brazil, Argentina, Chile and others Asia-Pacific: Japan, China, India, Australia, Indonesia, Vietnam, South Korea etc. MENA REGION: Middle East and North Africa BRIC Countries: Brazil, Russia, Indonesia, China and other economic entitiesWestern Europe Report Belgium, France, Ireland, Netherlands, and United Kingdom Central Europe Report Austria, Poland, Germany, Hungary, Poland and Switzerland Central Europe Report Austria, Poland, Germany, Hungary and Turkey Northern Europe Report Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Iceland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway and Sweden Eastern Europe Report Romania, Russia, and UkraineAll-In-One Ecommerce Report Package: 4.950 (European and Global Report + 5 European Regional Reports + 5 Regional/Continental Reports)All European reports (5 regional reports + European Report): 2,950 All-In-One Ecommerce Report Package: 4.950 (European and Global Report + 5 European Regional Reports + 5 Regional/Continental Reports) Ecommerce EuropeTailor-made reports are available upon request: research@ecommerce-europe.eu.www.ecommerce-europe.euPage 115 44. European Measurement Standard for E-commerce EMSEC EMSECDefinition of B2C e-commerce salesClassification of B2C E-commerceEMSEC aims to provide guidelines to measure and monitor B2C e-commerce in order to enable all European countries to provide data with respect to the penetration of B2C ecommerce in a standardised way. All Ecommerce Europe figures and estimates are based upon the EMSEC, unless otherwise noted. The EMSEC agrees with data and research by GfK.Definition of B2C e-commerce: Any B2C contract on the sale of products or services fully or partly concluded by a technique for distance communication.The following classification in Table 1 provides an overview of areas and sectors included in EMSEC.The EMSEC reports on sales figures for the total B2C e-commerce in Europe and in country profiles based on total sales of goods and services. Total sales of goods and services are based according to the areas/sectors/ classification of areas and sectors as laid down on the next few pages. All data are reported in the national currency of the country involved are converted into euros according to the average (annual) rate of exchange as provided by the European Central Bank (ECB). Growth rates are calculated and measured by the B2C e-commerce sales in national currency. Ecommerce EuropeTechnique for distance communication: means that can be used for communication regarding the offer made by the trader and concluding an contract, without the necessity of the consumer and trader being in the same place at the same time.Contract: an contract whereby sole or partly use is made of one or more techniques for distance communication within the framework of a system organized by the trader for the distance sale of products and/or services, up to and including the moment that the contract is concluded;www.ecommerce-europe.euOnline purchases of the following items are excluded from EMSEC: Transactions between private individuals/consumers (C2C) such as auctions and marketplaces and between businesses (B2B) Online gambling and gaming Car and motor vehicles Houses and real estate Utilities (e.g. water, heating, electricity) Mortgages, loans, credit cards, overdrafts Savings accounts, funds, stocks & shares, bonds. B2C e-commerce therefore includes all online transactions between businesses and consumers using desktop computers, laptops, tablets, smartphones, point-of-sales and smart-wearibles, such as webshop, physical store (online instore), email, QR-code, catalogue, etc. B2C e-commerce includes Value Added Tax (VAT) or other sales tax, delivery costs and Apps, but exclude returns. Page 116 45. European Measurement Standard for E-commerce EMSEC Food/Nearfood/Health Food/Nearfood Health & Beauty Food & Beverages Personal care & Hygiene Fresh produce Baby care Packaged consumer goods Perfume Detergents/household cleaning OTC Animal feed TobaccoEvent Tickets Event Tickets Tickets for concerts and festivals Tickets for cinema and theater Tickets for zoos and amusement parks Tickets for museums Tickets for sport matches Fashion Clothing Underwear & Upperwear Children's wear Swimwear & SportswearNightwear & legwearShoes & Personal lifestyle Shoes Jewellery, Bijoux, Watches & others fashion accessories (e.g. sunglasses) Bags, wallets, suitcasesSports & Recreation Sport & Recreation Sports hardware (e.g. football, tennis rackets) Bicycles & accessories Articles for camping and recreationElectronics Consumer Electronics Information Technology (IT) Photo-equipment Audio-equipmentIT hardware (pc's, laptops, tablets etc.) Computer SoftwareTV/video-equipment Music- instruments Car - electronics (navigation, audio etc.)USB-sticks, DVD/CDrecordable, ink cartridges, computer accessoriesHousehold Electronics MDA: air-conditioning, dishwashers, wash machines and other white goods SDA: equipment for personal care, home comfort, kitchen appliancesToys Toys Indoor and outdoor toys Ecommerce Europewww.ecommerce-europe.euPage 117 46. European Measurement Standard for E-commerce EMSEC InsurancesPackage Travel Package travelTravel Flight Tickets & Accommodations Flight TicketsPrivate Transport if booked through a tour operatorHotel stays Apartment/bungalow/camping siteNew indemnity, Life and Health Insurances-> all of the above not booked in combination with other travel-parts Media & Entertainment Media & Entertainment Music (physical, download & streaming)/Spotify based on new subscriptions Video (DVD, blue-ray, downloads) Games hardware & games software Books & e-books Apps New subscriptions newspapers ands magazines (no single copy sales) Telecom Telecom Smartphones, mobile phones & Phone devices Telefax and answering machines Headsets & Accessoires (mobile) phones Prepaid cards and tariffs of new phone subscriptions Ecommerce EuropeLiability insurance Car insurance Fire and theft insuranceANW-gap insurance (insurance for receiving a payment in addition to a survivor's allowance)Health Insurance Base Health insurance additionalBike/caravan/motorbike/ scooter insurance Accident insurance Boat insurance Legal assistance insurance Home insurance Travel insurance (continuous/annual + shortterm) Insurance packageAnnuity insurance pension Life insurance Funeral insurance Endowment insurance based on savings Endowment insurance based on investmentsDisability insurance entrepreneurs Disability insurance private Mortgage related disability insurance Mixed insurance (=endowment insurance + life insurance)Services Dating based on new subscriptions Other Serviceswww.ecommerce-europe.euOthers Products Cars and parts Articles for animals Flowers & Plants Optician (excl. sunglasses, hearing-aid) Adult Page 118 47. Definitions Definitions related to internet, e-commerce and online retailing Broadband access: the availability of broadband is measured by the percentage of households that are connectable to an exchange that has been converted to support DSL-technology, to a cable network upgraded for Internet traffic, or to other broadband technologies. It includes fixed and mobile connections (source: Eurostat)E-households: amount of households that uses the Internet for personal gain.E-household expenditure: expenditure per household that bought goods or services in the past year.Cross-border e-commerce: percentage of e-commerce purchased at foreign sitesE-commerce (or electronic commerce), a subset of e-business, is any B2C contract on the sale of products or services fully or partly concluded by a technique for distance communication.European Measurement Standard for E-commerce (EMSEC): aims to provide guidelines to measure and monitor B2C e-commerce in order to enable all European countries to provide data with respect to the penetration of B2C ecommerce in a standardised way.E-services (or electronic services) are defined as: Deeds, efforts or performances whose delivery is mediated by information technology. Such e-service includes the service element of eretailing, customer support, and service delivery. This definition reflects three main components- service providers, service receiver and the channels of service delivery (i.e., technology). (Jennifer Rowley, Professor Information and Communications, Manchester Metropolitan University, UK)Inactive online population: users that have access to the Internet but have not (yet) purchased goods or services online in the past year.E-commerce GDP: total amount of goods and services online divided by the total Gross Domestic Product (GDP).Economic Freedom Index: the Index of Economic Freedom is an annual guide published by The Wall Street Journal and The Heritage Foundation, Washington's No. 1 think tank. For over a decade, The Wall Street Journal and The Heritage Foundation have tracked the march of economic freedom around the world with the influential Index of Economic Freedom. Ecommerce Europewww.ecommerce-europe.euPage 119 48. Definitions Definitions related to internet, e-commerce and online retailing Logistics Performance Index (LPI): The Logistics Performance Index (LPI) measures the logistics "friendliness" of 155 countries. It helps countries identify the challenges and opportunities they face in their trade logistics performance and what they can do to improve, The Index is developed by the World Bank, is based on a worldwide survey of operators on the ground such as global freight forwarders and express carriers . Mobile commerce (or m-commerce, mCommerce) is the ability to conduct commerce, using a mobile device e.g. a mobile phone, a PDA, a smart phone, a tablet or other (emerging) mobile equipment. Mobile subscriptions: mobile cellular telephone subscriptions are subscriptions to a public mobile telephone service using cellular technology, which provide access to the public switched telephone network. Post-paid and prepaid subscriptions are included (source: Eurostat) Online buyer (or e-shopper, e-buyer) is defined as an individual who regularly bought or ordered goods or services over the internet. Ecommerce EuropeOnline expenditure: spent per user who purchased goods or services online.Online Retail (or e-retail, electronic retail or retailing or even etailing) is the selling of retail goods and services on the Internet. In the limited sense of the word, sectors such as online leisure travel, event tickets, downloading music or software are not included. Online-only retail shops are often referred to as pure players.Penetration levels: the percentage of a population using the internet, mobile, smartphone and tablet devices.Retail sales are defined as the selling of mainly goods from businesses to individuals from a traditional or so-called bricks-andmortar shop.The Ease of Doing Business Index is developed by the World Bank, averages the country's percentile rankings on 9 topics, made up of a variety of indicators, giving equal weight to each topic. The rankings for all economies are benchmarked to June 2010. The Index covers 185 countries.www.ecommerce-europe.euPage 120 49. Methodology , Acknowledgements and Sources This report could only be realized by consulting a great many sources, available in the various countries and regions in Europe and around the globe. The wide variety of sources include public domain publications, blogs, websites, industry and financial specialist publications, regional and local news, annual reports, press releases, etc. etc. Sometimes the information sourced are contradictory. Sometimes different figures and data were given by different sources within the same country, f.e. due to different definitions. In our reports and country profiles we have mentioned different sources, definitions and the different outcomes of such reports, studies and interpretations. This report is meant solely for use by the recipient and is not for circulation. This report is based on information that we consider reliable, but we cannot vouch for its being accurate or complete, nor should it be relied upon as such. Opinions expressed are our current opinions as of the date of this report. Ecommerce EuropeThe sources consulted include, but are not limited to: (Inter)national Associations Ecommerce Europe Distansehandel Norge (Norway) FDIH (Denmark) KAUPPA (Finland) SDH (Sweden)PublicationsCorporate sources A.T. Kearney Deloitte Facebook Forrester GfK Google Hybris Innopay Planet Retail SaleSupply Social Bakers Twitter TNS NIPPO VDFR VAT Managementwww.ecommerce-europe.eu eMarketer E-commercefacts.com Eurostat Internet RetailingOther sources Digital Hub Development Agency (DHDA) European Commission Eurostat European Central Bank (ECB) European Banking Association (EBA Clearing) International Monetary Fund (IMF) International Telecommunications Union (ITU) Internetworldstats National Statistics offices The Heritage Foundation United Nations (UN) CIA: World Factbook World Economic ForumPage 121 50. About the authorsQuestions? Feel free to contact our researcher Jorij Abraham, Director Research & AdviceAad Weening, Advisor International eCommerceJorij Abraham (1972) has been part of the international ecommerce community since 1997. He has been manager ecommerce at Bijenkorf, TUI and Sanoma Media and Director of Consulting as UnicAad Weening (1941) has been involved in distance selling and retail practically all his working life. From 1966 until 1979 he offered legal and economic advice as well as lobbying services.Since 2013 he is Director of Research & Advise at Ecommerce Europe. He is also director of the eCommerce Foundation, a research institute offering practical ecommerce research and benchmark services.From 1979 he managed the Dutch Mail Order Association (today Thuiswinkel.org), first in the Netherlands first, later on a European level. Between 1993 and 2006 he served as Secretary General of the European Distance Selling Trade Association (EMOTA). Currently Weening is Senior Advisor at Ecommerce Europe.Janine Nthlichs, EditorBert Nagelvoort, Senior ResearcherJanine Nthlichs (1982) is the editor-in-chief of the international e-commerce news site E-commercefacts.com. Throughout the past years, she has worked on various e-commerce related publications and events, including the European Cross-Border Round Tables and the Global E-Commerce Summit; and is a regular jury member of the Cross-Border E-Commerce Awards at the Global E-Commerce Summit in Barcelona.Bert Nagelvoort (1977) has been working for Ecommerce Europe since 2014. He is involved in international e-commerce and develops the Ecommerce Europe reports. He studied Business Administration at the Radboud University Nijmegen and has a great interest in the international (digital) economy. Previously, Bert has worked as Projectmanager / Consultant in the financial services.Previously, Janine has worked for Kantar Media in Paris. Having studied in the Netherlands and Hungary. Ecommerce Europewww.ecommerce-europe.euPage 122 51. Europe 2012 Key data at a glance 820 million100%people live in Europe529 million64%people use the internet 48%250 million people are e-shoppersWest 158,bn + 18,0% Central 76,3 bn + 20,5% South 32,4 bn + 29,3% North 28,5 bn + 15,1% East 13,6 bn + 33,0%5,5% (17bn)Europe 312 bn +19% EU28 277 bn +18%2,16,0 trn GDP 2012 3,5% Contribution Internet Economy to GDP,jobs directly or indirectly via e-commerce550.000 estimated online business3,5 billion number of parcels annually (e)Estimated M-commerceTop 5 e-commerce countries in turnover (EURO million)Total B2C Ecommerce of goods & services1 2 3 4 5United Kingdom Germany France Hungary Russia 96.193 50.000 45.000 12.969 10.3025%Estimated share of online retail in total retailTop 5 emerging countries in % growth 1 2 3 4 5Turkey Austria Ukraine Hungary Romania350 million social media users75% 61% 41% 35% 33% Ecommerce Europe 2013 www.ecommerce-europe.eu12info: research@ecommerce-europe.eu3Figures and data in compliance with GfK In cooperation with Salesupply and Hybris 52. Central Europe B2C Ecommerce ColophonNational Associations:Ecommerce Europe Rue Trves 59-61 B-1040 Brussels - Belgium Tel: +32 (0) 2 502 31 34 Website: www.ecommerce-europe.eu Contact us at: info@ecommerce-europe.eu For reports: research@ecommerce-europe.eu Twitter: @Ecommerce_euPowered by: Ecommerce Europewww.ecommerce-europe.euPage 124