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Breaking the cycle of underdevelopment has been the major preoccupation for governments and populations in the developing world over the last one hundred years. With developmental models currently under revision, developing countries have been advised to look for other possible alternatives of sustainable development. The one area that is gaining significant attention is that of the Cultural and Creative Industries. In recent years, the UN and its specialized agencies have been spelling the good fortune of these industries. However, there is very scant literature to show how best to manage these industries. This paper therefore proposes to show how Project Management as a tool can be used to take these industries to a desirable level to produce tangible results for developing countries. In addition to standard research based on the existing literature and debates, the Case Study methodology will be used to show at least how one country is making steps and strides with the application of Project Management. It must be noted however, that the paper will be heavily focused on project management methodologies and recommendations for action. There are three approaches that come to mind for immediate application: the use of the Logical Framework Approach for Project and Program Planning; standardizing project management methodologies across the infrastructure of the cultural and creative industries; and a model for creating a centralized Cultural Project Management Office (CPMO).
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Applying Project Management to the Cultural and Creative Industries: A tool for developing Countries
Ian W. Walcott
VP for Education, Bridgetown Chapter of the Project Management
Institute
What are Cultural & Creative Industries?
• Artists or businesses that generate their Artists or businesses that generate their primary source of income and or primary source of income and or economic value from their cultural and/or economic value from their cultural and/or creative knowledgecreative knowledge
The Cultural & Creative Industries
• Who are they really?– TV & Media– Fine Arts– Visual Arts – Performing Arts– Film– Music– The Festival Industry– Some definitions
include fashion and design
Kadooment in Barbados
Management Challenges of the Cultural and Creative Industries
1. Developmental thrust: Building infrastructure
2. Industry segmentation & issues of centralization vs. decentralization
3. Private and public sector coordination
4. Artist as manager5. Policy development6. Managing projects
Le Groove – Barbadian Alternative Rock Band
Who will foot the bill?
• The donor countries also exploiting their own cultural industry – limited financing
• There is still a dependency relationship
• Who pays for the technology?
What are the solutions?
• Do not reinvent the wheel – Enable creativity– Enhance Cooperation– Build on existing
infrastructure– Managing Time &
Information– Work on the elements we
can control first
The developmental thrust: Building the infrastructure
Community
Education
Enterprise Dev. Employment Export
Support base: Policy, Private & public sector partnerships & projects
Overarching framework requirements: Vision, Strategy, Planning
The developmental thrust: Building the infrastructure
• The existing infrastructure– Applying technology at every level: – enabling e-
business and Internet technologies• e.g. Add a technology dimension to ART – Examine the
Australian Model http://www.anat.org.au/
– Degree programs needed urgentlyModernizing existing venues – no need for new
facilities• School facilities sponsored by companies
• Open air theatres and other open spaces
What will international competitions bring to the local cultural industry?
INT’L
COMPETITION
INT’L
COMPETITION
INCREASED
TOURISM
INCREASED
TOURISM
ENHANCED
REPUTATION
ENHANCED
REPUTATION
IMPROVED
PROJECT
MGMT
IMPROVED
PROJECT
MGMT
+ VISIBILITY
FOR
LOCALS
+ VISIBILITY
FOR
LOCALS
BETTER
STANDARDS
BETTER
STANDARDS
INCREASED
EXPOSURE
INCREASED
EXPOSURE
Bridging the gaps - Building the infrastructure model
Grant seekers
Services offered
NCF asNCF asIntermediaryIntermediary
CoordinationCentral Planning
Project Mgmt Policy Dev.
Locating GrantsFacilitator
National HostIntellect
Business Artists
Private sector
Support needs
Donors
Markets
Public sector
Demand Enabler Supply
Government’s Leadership Role
• Tax write offs • Duty free imports for inputs• VAT exemption for all cultural events • Special bond issues to support the industries• Invite international creative enterprises studios to set
up with added incentives • Incentives for MNCs who provide scholarship funds • Goal-oriented programmes with five year targets
Government’s Leadership Role
• Planning for cultural economy of new city centres
• Urban planning must integrate the cultural economy
How will the model work?
• Project Management is the answer– Suggested Project Approaches
• Logical Framework Approach for Program Planning
• Project Approach and Standardized Methods for Project Financing and Grants
• Application of Project Management to all sectors of the cultural industries (National Events)
• A centralized Cultural Project Management Office (CPMO)